CN103378314A - 转移膜和使用该转移膜制造平板显示器的方法 - Google Patents

转移膜和使用该转移膜制造平板显示器的方法 Download PDF

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CN103378314A
CN103378314A CN2012105992428A CN201210599242A CN103378314A CN 103378314 A CN103378314 A CN 103378314A CN 2012105992428 A CN2012105992428 A CN 2012105992428A CN 201210599242 A CN201210599242 A CN 201210599242A CN 103378314 A CN103378314 A CN 103378314A
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金钟武
李撰雨
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LG Display Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及转移膜和使用该转移膜制造平板显示器的方法。本发明的转移膜包括:下膜;以及临时附接在下膜上的保护膜,该保护膜包括基底膜和设置在基底膜的上表面上的粘附层。在本发明中,平板显示器可以利用具有临时附接在柔性下膜上的保护膜的转移膜来封装,从而能够用保护膜完美地封装平板显示器,而不会引入任何外部物质,如气泡。

Description

转移膜和使用该转移膜制造平板显示器的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及用于将保护膜附接到平板显示器上的转移膜(transfer film),以及使用该转移膜制造平板显示器的方法。特别的,本申请涉及一种具有临时性保护有机发光二极管显示器件(OLED)以免受潮的保护膜的转移膜,以及采用这种转移膜来制造OLED的方法。
背景技术
如今,各种不同的平板显示器件被开发用于克服阴极射线管的诸多缺点,例如沉重和体积庞大。这些平板显示器件包括液晶显示器件(或LCD),场发射显示器(或FED),等离子体显示板(或PDP)以及电致发光显示器件(或ED)。
电致发光显示器件根据发光材料的不同被分为无机发光二极管显示器件和有机发光二极管显示器件。作为自发光显示器件,电致发光显示器件具有响应速度极快、亮度极高以及视角广的优点。图1例示了现有技术的有机发光二极管的结构。参见图1,有机发光二极管包括有机发光材料层,以及彼此相对设置且中间夹着有机发光材料层的阴极和阳极。该有机发光材料层包括空穴注入层HIL、空穴传输层HTL、发光层EML、电子传输层ETL和电子注入层EIL。
有机发光二极管的发光是由空穴和电子在发光层EML中复合的激发态所形成的激发能量产生的。有机发光显示器件通过控制有机发光二极管的发光层EML发出的光亮度来呈现视频数据。
采用有机发光二极管的有机发光二极管显示器件(或OLED)可被分为无源矩阵型有机发光二极管显示器件(或PMOLED)和有源矩阵型有机发光二极管显示器件(或AMOLED)。此外,根据光出射方向的不同,可分为顶发射型和底发射型。
通过以自然色表示任何视频/图像,有机发光二极管显示器正在兴起,并已被广泛应用于不同领域,包括便携式个人信息设备如手机、智能电话或PDA。OLED是自发光显示器,具有低于1ms的高响应速度和低功耗,用于呈现自然全彩色图像/视频。此外,它还具有覆盖近180度的宽视角,在不考虑对角线尺寸的情况下是最好的显示器件。基于低温工艺和传统的半导体加工技术,其制造方法非常简单。
然而,OLED对氧气和潮气非常敏感。为了保证OLED功能的可靠性,目前使用具有吸气剂的玻璃基板进行有机发光材料的封装。随着对于薄型和柔性显示器的需求的增长,玻璃基板可由薄膜型封装代替,作为OLED板的保护层。
接下来,参见图2A和2B,我们来解释根据现有技术如何将保护膜附接到OLED上。图2A和2B为立体图,例示了将保护膜附接到有机发光二极管显示板上的处理。
如图2A所示,在现有技术中,先利用金属模具MM将保护膜FF放置在转移基板PT上的各个图案处,然后再将保护膜FF转移到有机发光二极管显示板上。
为了确保形状,金属模具MM采用刚性金属材料。金属模具MM具有多个图案孔HO,每个保护膜FF位于其中。普通技术人员熟知,多个OLED板以矩阵模式排列在一个大尺寸母板MG上,每个保护膜FF被附接在一个有机发光二极管显示板上,之后通过切割母板MG得到多个单元OLED显示器。
金属模具MM与转移基板PT相组合。每个保护膜FF被放置于形成在金属模具MM上的每个图案孔HO处。此时,保护膜FF以附接面向上的方式放置。粘附剂可以是热固化环氧树脂。
参见图2B,具有多个有机发光二极管显示板OLED的母板MG放置在金属模具MM上。通过使每个有机发光二极管显示板OLED与每个保护膜FF相互对齐,将母板MG放置在金属模具MM上。此后,保持腔温度在70℃以融化粘附剂,使保护膜FF附接到有机发光二极管显示板OLED上。与此同时,保持腔的真空状态,使保护膜FF和有机发光二极管显示板OLED可以彼此紧密接触。随后,增加腔温度至100摄氏度以固化粘附剂,使保护膜FF永久性地附接在有机发光二极管显示板OLED上。
如此,由于根据现有技术将保护膜附接到有机发光二极管显示板OLED上的方法是在真空环境下进行的,因此需要真空设施。此外,为了固化粘附剂,还需要烘炉系统。特别地,基板和金属模具之间的对准以及在烘炉和真空腔中的操作是手动过程,所以根据现有技术的该方法不适合应用于生产线类型的大批量生产。也就是说,现有技术不能保证建立量产系统所需的足够产能。
另外,由于是在真空条件下将保护膜附接到有机发光二极管显示板上,所以当空气没有被完全排出时,可能会形成气泡并导致不能正确地附接保护膜。特别地,由于要将刚性大尺寸基板贴附于具有刚性结构的转移基板上,所以很难完全排除它们之间的气泡,从而最终产品可能在呈现图像/视频时存在缺陷。
发明内容
为了克服上述缺点,本发明的目的是提供一种用来将保护膜附接到平板显示器上的转移膜,以及采用该转移膜制造平板显示器的方法。本申请的另一目的是应用于直列型设备的转移膜,以便将转移膜附接到平板显示器上而不会在它们之间产生气泡,以及采用该转移膜制造平板显示器的方法。
为了实现上述目的,本发明公开的转移膜包括:下膜;以及临时性附接在下膜上的保护膜,其包括基底膜和设置在基底膜的上表面上的粘附层。
该保护膜进一步包括附接在粘附层的上表面上的离型膜(relief film),还包括具有柔性离型基底的上膜以及强粘附层,该柔性离型基底面对保护膜的离型膜,该强粘附层设置在柔性离型基底的表面上被配置为附接该离型膜。
该下膜包括:柔性转移基底;以及设置在该柔性转移基底的表面上的弱粘附层,其被配置为附接到下膜的基底膜上。
该保护膜以多个单元保护膜排列成阵列的方式临时性附接在下膜上。
每个单元保护膜包括单元上膜,其包括:面对该每个单元保护膜的离型膜的单元柔性离型基底;以及设置在单元柔性离型基底的表面上的单元强粘附层,其被配置为附接离型膜。
此外,本发明还公开了一种用来制造平板显示器的方法,包括以下步骤:形成显示板;形成转移膜,其包括具有下膜的保护膜、临时附接在下膜上的基底膜,以及设置在基底膜的上表面上的粘附层;通过将保护膜附接在显示板上,使转移膜附接在显示板的上表面上;以及移除转移膜的下膜,以通过保护膜来封装该显示板。
形成转移膜的步骤包括:制备下膜,其具有柔性转移基底和设置在柔性转移基底一侧上的弱粘附层;制备保护膜,其具有基底膜、设置在基底膜的上表面上的粘附层,以及设置在粘附层上的离型膜;制备上膜,其具有柔性离型基底和设置在该柔性离型基底上的强粘附层;临时地将该保护膜的基底膜附接到下膜的弱粘附层上;将上膜的强粘附层附接到保护膜的离型膜上;对该上膜和保护膜进行选择性构图,使它们具有与显示板相对应的相同尺寸;以及移除上膜以剥离保护膜的离型膜。
将转移膜附接到显示板的上表面上的步骤是通过辊子从一端侧向另一端侧进行的。
该方法进一步包括以下步骤:在保护膜上附接圆偏振膜;以及使用光学粘附剂在具有圆偏振膜的显示板上附接覆盖膜(cover film)。
形成显示板的步骤包括:在刚性基板上沉积牺牲层;在刚性基板上沉积柔性层;以及在柔性层上形成显示元件,其中,上述方法在附接覆盖膜之后,进一步包括:通过去除牺牲层将柔性层与刚性基板分离开;以及在柔性层的背面附接背板(backpanel)。
在本发明的公开中,平板显示器可以采用具有临时附接在柔性下膜上的保护膜的转移膜来封装。如此,由于使用了柔性转移膜,能够采用该保护膜完美封装平板显示器,而不会引入任何外部物质,如气泡。因此,本申请公开了一种制造平板显示器的方法,其可以提高封装质量并改善显示性能。此外,通过以廉价材料来制备转移膜,可以使平板显示器的造价降低并简化工艺。
附图说明
附图被包括进来是为了提供对本发明的进一步理解,并且构成了本说明书的一部分,例示了本发明的实施方式,连同文字说明一起用来解释本发明的原理。
在附图中:
图1例示了现有技术有机发光二极管的结构。
图2A和2B为例示了将保护膜附接到有机发光二极管显示板的处理的立体图。
图3A到3D为例示了根据本公开的制造转移膜的方法,该转移膜被配置成将保护膜附接到有机发光二极管显示板。
图4A到4E为例示了根据本发明的附接保护膜的方法以及利用用于附接平板显示器的保护膜的转移膜来制造平板显示器的方法的截面图。
图5是例示了四个保护膜(#1到#4)以矩阵模式被设置在一个大尺寸下膜上的立体图。
图6是例示了四个有机发光二极管显示板(#1到#4)被设置在一个大尺寸刚性母板上的立体图。
具体实施方式
下面根据附图解释本申请的优选实施方式。在全文中,相同的附图标记表示相同的部件。然而,本申请不局限于这些具体实施方式,而是在不改变本发明技术精神的前提下可以有不同的变形和调整。在下面的实施方式中,考虑到便于解释,元件的名称被选择,因此其可能不同于实际的名称。
下面参照图3A-3D,解释根据本发明的用于临时性附接显示板的保护膜的转移膜。图3A-3D的剖面图示出了根据本发明的制造转移膜的方法,该转移膜用于将保护膜附接到有机发光二极管显示板上。
首先,参照图3A,根据本发明的用来附接平板显示器的保护膜的转移膜包括保护膜FF、下膜LF和上膜UF。保护膜FF包括基底膜BF、沉积于基底膜BF一侧的整个表面上的粘附层ADH,以及临时附接在粘附层ADH上的离型膜RF。下膜LF包括转移基底PE1,以及沉积于转移基底PE1一侧的整个表面上的弱粘附层LAH。并且,上膜UF包括离型基底PE2,以及沉积于离型基底PE2一侧的整个表面上的强粘附层HAH。
参照图3B,保护膜FF的基底膜BF的不具有粘附层ADH的背侧附接到下膜LF的弱粘附层LAH上。此外,保护膜FF的离型膜RF附接于上膜UF的强粘附层HAH上。沿着切割线CUT,上膜UF和保护膜FF被选择性地切割。为了在下膜LF、保护膜FF和上膜UP的多层堆叠结构中选择性地切割上膜UF和保护膜FF,优选采用汤姆逊滚筒模切(Thomson Platen Die Cutting)方法。结果是,切割后上膜UF和保护膜FF的留存部分会与有机发光二极管显示板OLED上的附接区域具有同样的尺寸。
结果,形成了如图3C所示的转移膜。这种情况下,上膜UF尚未从转移膜上移除,因此离型膜RF仍然附接在保护膜FF上。由于转移膜和有机发光二极管显示板是分别制备的,因此直到将保护膜FF附接于显示板之前,上膜UF都应该附接在转移膜上来保护粘附层ADH,避免外界杂质的污染。每个保护膜FF的大小与每个有机发光二极管显示板的大小一致。
参照图3D,应刚好在将保护膜FF附接到有机发光二极管显示板之前,移除上膜UF。同时,离型膜RF也被移除(剥离),因为其通过强粘附层HAH牢固地粘附在上膜UF上。也就是说,强粘附层HAH的粘附强度应当比离型膜RF在保护膜FF的粘附层ADH上的粘附强度更强,以便在移除上膜UF的同时移除离型膜RF。在此期间,临时将保护膜FF的基底膜BF附接到下膜LF上的弱粘附层LAH的粘附强度,应当比临时附接在保护膜FF的粘附层ADH上的离型膜RF的粘附强度更大,从而使保护膜FF不会因为移除离型膜RF的力而与下膜LF分离开。
强粘附层HAH应当在移除上膜PE1时与离型膜RF一起被移除,因此应具有强粘附强度。相反,弱粘附层LAH应具有足够的强粘附强度,以便在移除离型膜RF时不会使保护膜FF的底膜BF与下膜LF分离开。另外,下膜LF应在将保护膜FF转移到有机发光二极管显示板上之后被移除,因此弱粘附层LAH应当具有比热硬化工艺之后粘附层ADH的粘附强度更弱的粘附强度。
接下来,将参见图4A到4E来解释使用根据本发明的如图3D所示的用于附接平板显示板的保护膜的转移膜,通过将保护模附接到有机发光二极管显示板上来制造有机发光二极管显示器的方法。图4A到4E是根据本发明的例示了附接保护膜的方法以及例示了使用附接保护膜的转移膜来制造平板显示器的方法的剖面图。
首先,根据图4A,我们来解释制备有机发光二极管显示板的处理。该有机发光二极管显示板包括以矩阵模式排列在基板上的多个像素电极、设置在每个像素电极一角处以驱动像素电极的薄膜晶体管,以及叠置在像素电极上的有机发光二极管。
制备具有足够强度的基板GS。这里,足够强度是指基板GS不会弯曲、扭曲和/或变形而保持平整,使得形成在基板GS上的元件不会在制造工艺中受到影响,制造工艺包括不同设备之间的装载和卸载工艺以及沉积工艺。
牺牲层SL沉积在基板GS的整个表面上。牺牲层SL是临时性层,用来从基板GS上分离元件层以获得柔性显示器。牺牲层SL可以包括非晶硅。通过照射激光束使非晶硅晶化,可以使基板GS与形成在其上的元件层分离开。
在牺牲层SL上沉积用作柔性显示器的柔性基板的柔性层FL。柔性层FL可以包括有机材料,例如聚酰亚胺。在柔性层FL上形成显示元件层TL。显示元件层TL包括用来呈现图像/视频的显示区和从显示区延伸出来的焊盘区。例如,显示元件层TL可以包括以矩阵方式设置的多个薄膜晶体管和像素区,以及在每个像素区处由薄膜晶体管驱动的有机发光二极管。
在显示元件层TL上,沉积钝化层PAS以保护显示元件免受外部气体和湿气的影响。显示元件层TL形成在柔性层FL的某些区域里。在图4A中,显示元件层TL延伸到右端侧。这个端部(焊接区)可以包括焊盘和从显示元件延伸出来的连接线。因此,显示元件层TL的显示元件被钝化层PAS覆盖,而焊接区则暴露在外。这样,在显示板一侧(右侧)的暴露出的焊接区上,设置了具有用于驱动显示元件的驱动IC的膜型印刷电路板(COF),如图4A所示。
有机发光二极管显示板就制备成功了。在有机发光二极管显示板上进一步包括保护元件和光学元件之后,即可完成最终的有机发光二极管显示器。
例如,为了加强钝化层PAS的保护性能和强度,可以在钝化层PAS上形成覆盖显示元件层TL的阻挡膜BL,以封装显示元件。如图4B所示,翻转(turn over)转移膜(该转移膜如图3D所示具有附接在下膜LF上的保护膜FF),使保护层FF的粘附层ADH附接到有机发光二极管显示板的钝化层PAS上。同时,为了防止在保护膜FF和钝化层PAS之间产生气泡,使保护膜FF的一端部首先接触钝化层PAS的一端,之后使用辊子ROL,通过滚压到辊子ROL的另外一端侧使保护膜FF的其它部分完全附接上。根据本发明的转移膜具有临时附接在柔性下膜LF上的保护膜FF,所以能够使用辊子ROL将其附接到有机发光二极管显示板上。
在具有临时性附接到下膜LF上的保护膜FF的转移膜通过附接保护膜FF而接合到钝化层PAS上之后,通过热处理,粘附层ADH使保护膜FF与钝化层PAS永久性地接合在一起。例如,当粘附层ADH包括热硬化粘附材料时,通过在热处理腔中以100℃及以上温度热硬化该粘附层ADH,可以使保护膜FF牢固地且永久地附接到钝化层PAS上。在粘附层ADH完全硬化后,从保护膜FF的基底膜BF上移除下膜LF和弱粘附层LAH。结果,如图4C所示,保护膜FF可以在有机发光二极管显示板上封装钝化层PAS。
之后,如图4D所示,在保护膜FF上附接圆偏振膜CP。此时,圆偏振膜CP应当设置成覆盖住发射光以呈现图像/视频的显示元件区。为完成该有机发光二极管显示器,在圆偏振膜CP上附接覆盖膜CF。当附接该覆盖膜CF时,应当保持平整。因此,优选采用有机光学粘附层AH,其具有良好的平整度和光学性能,用来附接覆盖基板GS整个表面的覆盖膜CF。更详细地,在本申请中,光发射方向为附接有圆偏振膜CF的上侧。因此,该有机光学粘附层AH应当采用光学透明材料,以及能够保持显示板表面平整度的有机材料。另外,该有机光学粘附层AH优选包括可紫外硬化的光学接合材料。例如,该有机光学粘附层AH可以包括丙烯酸酯、丙烯酸氨基甲酸酯、硫醇和光敏引发剂材料。
在附接覆盖膜CF之后即完成了显示器,该显示板仍具有基板GS,即刚性基板,因此是非柔性显示器。使用532mn波长的激光器从基板GS外侧照射牺牲层SL。特别地,激光束应当在整个牺牲层SL的表面上均匀照射和扫描。结果,牺牲层SL的非晶硅被改变(即晶化),因此基板GS可以从柔性膜FL上脱离或分离。
进一步,如图4E所示,将具有足够柔性的背板BP附接于柔性层FL上,以完成柔性有机发光二极管显示器。背板BP可以具有比柔性层FL更厚的厚度以保护柔性层FL和形成在柔性层FL上的其它元件,但也要足够薄以保证显示器的柔性。
相反,当背板BP为薄的刚性基板时,可以制造出非柔性有机发光二极管显示器。此外,当背板BP具有比基板GS薄得多的厚度时,可以制造出非柔性但超薄的有机发光二极管显示器。
上述本发明的优选实施方式揭示了通过将保护膜附接到单个有机发光二极管显示器上来制造单个有机发光二极管显示器的制造工艺。在此期间,通过在一个母板上形成多个有机发光二极管显示板并在一个大尺寸下膜上附接多个保护膜,每个保护膜可以分别附接在每个有机发光二极管显示板上。在此情况下,移除大尺寸下膜,对有机发光二极管显示板进行其它处理,然后分割每个有机发光二极管显示器板,就获得了多个有机发光二极管显示器。
下面,参照图5和6来解释在大尺寸刚性母板上的多个有机发光二极管显示板之后采用大面积转移膜来附接保护膜的方法。图5为立体图,例示了四个保护膜(#1到#4)以矩阵形式设置在大尺寸下膜上。在此情况下,如图3B所示,在将保护膜FF和上膜UP堆叠到大尺寸下膜LLF上并切割上膜UF和保护膜FF之后,如图5所示来设置这四个保护膜(#1到#4)。
进一步,图6为立体图,例示了四个有机发光二极管显示器板(#1到#4)被设置在一个大尺寸刚性母板LGS上。单个有机发光二极管显示器板OLED包括显示元件层TL以及设置在显示元件层TL一侧的膜型印刷电路板COF。
翻转如图5所示的设置在大面积下膜LLF上具有#1到#4保护膜FF的转移膜,将保护膜FF分别放置到#1到#4显示元件层TL上,并使它们压紧和附接,然后移除该大面积下膜LLF。之后,每个保护膜FF都可以附接在设置于一个大尺寸母板LGS上的每个有机发光二极管显示板上,需要的话进行其它后续工艺,然后就完成了柔性或非柔性的有机发光二极管显示器。
尽管根据附图已经详尽描述了本发明的实施方式,但是可以理解的是,本领域技术人员在不改变本发明的技术精神或关键特征的前提下,可以通过其它具体方式来实施本申请。因此,应当注意上述实施方式仅用来在各方面解释本说明,而不能被解释为限制。本发明的保护范围由所附权利要求而不是对发明的详细描述来限定。在权利要求的含义和范围内的所有变化、修改或其等价物都应被看作落在本发明的范围内。
本申请要求于2012年4月16日提交的第10-2012-0039234号韩国专利申请的优先权,并通过引用将其并入本文,如同在本文中进行了详细阐述。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于附接平板显示器的膜的转移膜,所述转移膜包括:
下膜;和
临时附接在所述下膜上的保护膜,所述保护膜包括基底膜和设置在所述基底膜的上表面上的粘附层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的转移膜,其中,所述保护膜还包括附接在所述粘附层的上表面上的离型膜,并且
所述转移膜还包括上膜,所述上膜包括面对所述保护膜的所述离型膜的柔性离型基底以及设置在所述柔性离型基底的表面上被配置为与所述离型膜附接的强粘附层。
3.根据权利要求1所述的转移膜,其中,所述下膜包括:
柔性转移基底;以及
弱粘附层,其设置在所述柔性转移基底的表面上被配置为与所述下膜的所述基底膜附接。
4.根据权利要求1所述的转移膜,其中,所述保护膜以多个单元保护膜被布置成矩阵阵列的方式临时附接在所述下膜上。
5.根据权利要求4所述的转移膜,其中,每个单元保护膜都包括单元上膜,所述单元上膜包括:
单元柔性离型基底,其面对所述每个单元保护膜的所述离型膜;以及
单元强粘附层,其设置在所述单元柔性离型基底的表面上被配置为与所述离型膜附接。
6.一种制造平板显示器的方法,该方法包括以下步骤:
形成显示板;
形成转移膜,所述转移膜包括具有下膜的保护膜、临时附接在所述下膜上的基底膜以及设置于所述基底膜的上表面上的粘附层;
通过将所述保护膜粘附到所述显示板上,将所述转移膜附接在所述显示板的上表面上;以及
移除所述转移膜的所述下膜,以用所述保护膜来封装所述显示板。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其中,形成转移膜的步骤包括:
制备所述下膜,所述下膜具有柔性转移基底和设置在所述柔性转移基底一侧的弱粘附层;
制备所述保护膜,所述保护膜具有基底膜、设置在所述基底膜的上表面上的所述粘附层以及设置在所述粘附层上的离型膜;
制备上膜,所述上膜具有柔性离型基底和设置在所述柔性离型基底的一个表面上的强粘附层;
将所述保护膜的所述基底膜临时附接到所述下膜的所述弱粘附层上;
将所述上膜的所述强粘附层粘附到所述保护膜的所述离型膜上;
对所述上膜和所述保护膜进行选择性构图,使其具有与所述显示板相对应的相同尺寸;以及
移除所述上膜以剥离所述保护膜的所述离型膜。
8.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其中,将所述转移膜附接到所述显示板的上表面上的步骤是使用辊子从一端侧到另一端侧进行的。
9.根据权利要求6所述的方法,所述方法还包括以下步骤:
在所述保护膜上附接圆偏振膜;以及
利用光学粘附剂在具有所述圆偏振膜的所述显示板上附接覆盖膜。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法,其中,形成所述显示板的步骤包括:
在刚性基板上沉积牺牲层;
在所述刚性基板上沉积柔性层;以及
在所述柔性层上形成显示元件,并且
其中,在附接所述覆盖膜之后,所述方法还包括以下步骤:
通过移除所述牺牲层将所述柔性层与所述刚性基板分离开;以及
在所述柔性层的背面附接背板。
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