CN103251449A - 载药包装物 - Google Patents

载药包装物 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103251449A
CN103251449A CN2012104607118A CN201210460711A CN103251449A CN 103251449 A CN103251449 A CN 103251449A CN 2012104607118 A CN2012104607118 A CN 2012104607118A CN 201210460711 A CN201210460711 A CN 201210460711A CN 103251449 A CN103251449 A CN 103251449A
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China
Prior art keywords
sleeve
sheet
medicine
implant
hole
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Granted
Application number
CN2012104607118A
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CN103251449B (zh
Inventor
马克·托马斯·富尔默
大卫·A·安布鲁斯特
罗伯特·弗里格
埃利奥特·A·格鲁斯金
肖恩·汉密尔顿·凯尔
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AO Technology AG
Synthes GmbH
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Synthes AG Chur
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Publication of CN103251449A publication Critical patent/CN103251449A/zh
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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
  • Transplantation (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明提供了用于包装医用植入物的载药套筒。在一个实施方案中,所述套筒可包括由生物相容性材料制成的本体,其限定了构建成容纳医用植入物的内部腔。在一个实施方案中,所述生物相容性材料是生物可吸收的。所述本体可包括从所述腔延伸穿过本体的多个孔,比如穿孔或洞。所述套筒还可包含第一末端和第二末端,以及掺入所述可吸收套筒中的药物。在一个可能的实施方案中,所述套筒的第一末端可以是开口的,以通过其容纳医用植入物,而第二末端可以是封闭的。可将所述植入物装入该套筒中并植入患者内,药物在体内随时间分散到植入部位周围的组织中。在一个实施方案中,所述本体由至少一个生物相容性材料片制成。在一个实施方案中,所述套筒可以至少部分由己内酯制成,以使其增加拉伸性。

Description

载药包装物
本申请是中国专利申请200680037881.8的分案,后者是2006年10月12日提交的PCT申请PCT/US2006/040038于2008年4月11日进入中国国家阶段的申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及改进的载药包装物(drug-impregnated encasement),所述包装物构建成适于容纳医用植入物,更具体地,在一个实施方案中涉及套筒(sleeve),在该套筒中可有效装入不同类型、尺寸和形状的整形外科植入物,用于将药物递送至植入部位。
背景技术
细菌在植入物表面的定殖常导致感染。全身性抗生素可降低感染风险;然而,甚至在全身性预防性抗生素存在下,感染仍可在植入物表面发生。对于整形外科医生来说,使用局部抗生素或其它生物活性剂处理植入部位并不少见。在一些情况下,外科医生将抗生素与PMMA骨水泥混合以制备局部抗生素储库。在另一些情况下,为提供更一致且易用的解决方案,已经开发出可用于整形外科植入物的生物可吸收的表面涂层或膜。所述涂层可掺入药物或抗生素(比如庆大霉素)。这些涂层可用于多种整形外科植入物,比如其它胫骨或其它钉(nail)、板(plate)、或螺钉(screw)。一般而言,所述涂层来源于可吸收聚合物,从而当药物耗尽时,植入物仍存在,而涂层则已经溶解掉。
使用带涂层的植入物的一个问题是,每种带涂层的植入物均代表新开发的产品,其中涂覆方法、新的包装及灭菌方法必须得到批准。另外,每种带涂层的植入物都是单独的监管申报对象。因此,开发多种涂有药物的植入物是一项繁重的任务。使用包含材料如镇痛剂、抗肿瘤剂、双膦酸盐和/或酯和生长促进物质的多种涂层的前景更加剧了这种组织工作方面的挑战。
由于潜在带涂层产品的数量、尺寸和形状繁多,因此提供无涂层植入物和带涂层的植入物在监管、经济和组织方面的负担非常巨大。如果考虑到用于涂层中的额外的药物比如镇痛剂、抗肿瘤剂和生长促进物质,则这一问题将更为严重。另外,在某些这种情况下,必须使药物进入骨中而不是周围的软组织,所述软组织可构成典型植入物的大部分组织接触区域。
发明内容
因此,仍需要改进的药物释放装置,所述装置可普遍性地容纳多种植入物,并为常规表面涂层的限制提供具成本效益的解决方案。本发明一般涉及改进的载药包装物。优选地,所述包装物由生物相容性材料制成,在本文中,所述生物相容性材料广义地定义为适于植入患者的任何经FDA批准的材料。在一个优选的实施方案中,所述包装物由生物可吸收材料制成,但不仅限于此。在一个优选的实施方案中,将所述包装物构建成套筒。本发明对前述涂覆植入物问题提供了通用解决方案。作为产生多种不同涂覆植入物的替代,本发明提供了载药套筒,其优选地可适合多种不同的常规未涂覆植入物。因此,根据本发明的一个方面,所述载药套筒构建成有利地容纳多种多样的植入物类型、形状和尺寸。
根据本发明的另一个方面,将套筒植入患者中,药物在体内随时间由套筒分散到植入部位周围的组织中。在一个实施方案中,从套筒递送至患者的药物的持续时间和剂量可通过对以下因素的选择来进行控制,例如所用的套筒材料、套筒的构造、药物或药物组合的类型和形式和/或装入套筒内的药物递送系统,这些将在本文中进一步描述。
根据本发明的另一个方面,外科医生可以有利地修改和调整载药套筒,以使该套筒适合需要包装的植入物的具体尺寸和形状。同样有利地,在一个实施方案中,可由外科医生在手术室内对所述套筒修改,然后沿植入物滑动。在外科医生可能直到在手术中能接触植入部位进行目视观察和测量时才能确定骨固定手术需要何种类型或尺寸的植入物(比如骨板)的情况下,该方法是有益的。外科医生然后可以选择合适的植入物类型和尺寸,并切割所述载药套筒以适用。
可掺入所述套筒中的一种或多种示例性药物或生物活性剂包括但不限于抗生素、防腐剂(antiseptic)、镇痛剂、抗肿瘤剂、双膦酸盐和/或酯类、生长因子、肽、他汀类(statins)等。应当理解,可掺入所述套筒的任何类型的药物或生物活性剂均可掺入套筒中,本发明不受所使用类型的限制。应当指出,在本文中无论何处提及“药物”时,均广义地定义为可有利地掺入所述套筒内以分散到医用植入物的植入部位的任何医学相关生物活性剂。还应当指出,本发明可与任何类型的医用植入物(本文中所定义的,包括牙科植入物)一起使用,并且明确指出不限于仅与整形外科植入物一起使用。
用于包装医用植入物的载药套筒的一个优选实施方案通常包括由至少一个生物相容性材料片制成的本体、第一末端、第二末端和掺入片中的药物。在一个实施方案中,所述生物相容性材料是生物可吸收的。在一个实施方案中,所述药物在安装所述医用植入物后在体内从套筒分散到患者的植入部位。在一个实施方案中,本体限定了构造为容纳医用植入物的内部腔。在一个实施方案中,本体优选还包括从所述空腔延伸穿过本体的多个孔。在一个实施方案中,所述孔可以是圆形的穿孔。在另一个实施方案中,所述孔可具有选自以下的形式:圆孔、椭圆孔、狭缝(slit)、槽或其任何组合。在一个实施方案中,所述医用装置可以是整形外科装置,在某些实施方案中,其可为骨固定板或髓内钉(如胫骨钉或股骨钉)。优选地,所述套筒的第一末端可以是开放的,以容纳其中的医用植入物,第二末端可以是封闭的。在一个实施方案中,所述套筒的形状通常为长形。在另一个实施方案中,所述套筒具有顶部和底部,所述顶部或底部的至少一部分基本上是平的。在另一个实施方案中,所述套筒包括第一边和第二末端,所述第一边具有封闭该第一边的接缝(seam),所述第二末端包含封闭该第二末端的接缝。
在一个实施方案中,可吸收片优选包含聚合物,更优选包含己内酯,以增加所述套筒的柔性和挠性,以便于使套筒沿植入物滑动并使套筒符合植入物的大致形状。在一个实施方案中,片中可含有同种药物的不同盐,以控制患者中药物释放的速率和持续时间。在另一些实施方案中,片中可含有两种不同药物。在另一个实施方案中,套筒由层压在一起的至少两片可吸收材料制成。在一些实施方案中,至少一片可以是微孔性的。在另一些实施方案中,所述至少两片中可含有不同的药物。
用于包装医用植入物的载药套筒的另一个可能的实施方案通常包括至少一个由生物相容性材料制成的片和至少一种掺入所述片中的药物。在一个实施方案中,所述生物相容性材料是生物可吸收的。所述片中可包含多个孔,在一个实施方案中,所述孔可以是圆形的穿孔或孔。在一个实施方案中,所述片可经折叠,以形成卷边、与其相对的自由边、第一末端以及与第一末端相对的第二末端。在一个实施方案中,可沿自由边和第二末端形成接缝,从而该接缝封闭自由边和第二末端。在一个实施方案中,所述第一末端限定了开口,所述开口被构建为通过其容纳将至少部分包装于套筒中的医用植入物。可调整套筒的尺寸和构造,以使其符合意在包装进套筒中的医用植入物类型和尺寸的大致形状。
还提供了形成载药套筒的方法。所述方法可包括:提供至少一个通常是平的生物相容性材料第一片,其中掺入了至少一种药物;在所述片中形成多个孔;折叠所述片以形成卷边、与其相对的自由边、第一开口端、以及与第一开口端相对的第二开口端;沿自由边形成接缝以封闭该自由边;以及沿第二末端形成接缝以封闭该第二末端。自由边和第二末端的接缝形成步骤可以按任意次序进行。在另一个实施方案中,所述方法还可包括在形成多个孔和折叠所述片之前将掺入了至少一种药物的通常是平的可吸收材料第二片层压到所述第一片上的步骤。在一个实施方案中,所述生物相容性材料是生物可吸收的。
根据本文公开的其他内容,尤其是以下对于优选实施方案的详细描述,本发明的这些上述及其它特征和优点将显而易见,所述描述均仅通过举例方式对本发明的原理进行说明。
附图说明
参考以下附图,将对优选实施方案的特征进行说明,其中对相同部件使用相似的标记,其中:
图1是根据本发明原理的一个载药套筒实施方案和医用植入物的顶视图,其中所述医用植入物为可插入套筒内的骨板的形式;
图2是图1的套筒的侧截面图;
图3是一个图1套筒的替代实施方案的侧截面图,所述套筒含有多层片或膜;
图4是图1的套筒的顶视图,其中骨板一部分插入套筒中;
图5是一个载药套筒替代实施方案的侧视图,所述套筒具有在其任一末端形成的末端开口的口袋;
图6是一个载药套筒替代实施方案的顶视图,所述套筒具有槽形式的可变形孔;
图7是一个载药套筒替代实施方案的顶视图,所述套筒具有狭缝形式的可变形孔;
图8是一个载药套筒替代实施方案的顶视图,所述套筒具有狭缝和孔洞形式的可变形孔;
图9是一个载药套筒替代实施方案的顶视图,所述套筒具有X形狭缝形式的可变形孔;以及
图10是一个替代性管状载药套筒的透视图。
优选实施方案详述
为理解本发明,现将参考附图对仅以举例方式给出的优选实施方案进行描述。因此,对优选实施方案的描述是为了便于参考,并不把本发明限制在本文所述实施方案中。本发明的范围通过所附权利要求书进行限定。
图1显示了置于医用装置(如整形外科植入物30)附近的根据本发明原理的载药套筒10,在一个非限制性实施方案中,所述整形外科植入物30显示可为长形骨板。图2显示了取自图1套筒10的横断面图。
参考图1和图2,载药套筒10的一个优选实施方案可包括具有两个末端21、22的长形本体10。末端21、22可以是开口的或封闭的。在一个实施方案中,末端21优选为开口端,植入物可以通过该开口端插入套筒10中。在一个实施方案中,相对末端22优选为封闭端,以便所述植入物可贴合地紧靠封闭端,以实现更好的匹配,并防止在将植入物固定在患者中手术部位时套筒相对于植入物发生滑动。
在一个实施方案中,套筒10可由生物相容性材料的单个薄片或膜12形成。在一个优选的实施方案中,所述生物相容性材料是生物可吸收的。优选地,板12在形成套筒10之前通常是平的。在一个优选的实施方案中,板12由生物可降解的可吸收聚合物制成,在植入体内时,所述聚合物将随时间溶解并吸收进入患者,而仅留下植入物(如果植入物不是由可吸收材料制成的话)。或者,在另一些实施方案中,所述植入物也可由可吸收材料制成,在此情况下植入物和套筒都将最终溶解。在一个优选实施方案中,板12可以通常很薄并且基本上是平面的,其非限制性的典型示例性厚度T为约0.02mm到0.5mm,更优选约0.04mm到约0.1mm。然而,任何合适的片厚度T均可使用,这取决于目的应用、在所述片中插入植入物时对于抗撕裂性的考虑、药物分散的持续时间等。可通过本领域已知的任何合适手段制造片12。
在另一些实施方案中,可通过纺织工艺比如编织(braiding)、针织(knitting)、机织(weaving)等形成所述药物递送套筒10。在一个实施方案中,可使用掺入了目的药物的纤维来制造织物套筒。在一个实施方案中,也可由其中未掺入药物的生物可吸收纤维形成所述织物。在此情形下,然后可使用一层含有目的药物的弹性生物可吸收聚合物涂覆所述织物材料。在一个实施方案中,也可将织物植入物制成弹性材料、针织、机织织物等的条带的形式,在一个或多个面上涂覆生物可吸收粘合剂,以便其能粘附到所述植入物上。在一个实施方案中,目的药物可容纳于所述织物材料中,或容纳于粘合剂成分中,或二者兼而有之。
在一个柔性套筒的实施方案中,用于片12的可吸收聚合物优选含有聚己内酯(polycaprolocatone)。含有至少一部分可吸收柔性聚合物(例如己内酯)的聚合物有利地具有柔性和强度良好的特性。在一个实施方案中,柔性套筒(例如由聚己内酯制成)易于拉伸以符合植入物的尺寸和形状,但具有足够的强度以抵抗沿植入物拉伸套筒时的撕裂。在一个优选的实施方案中,含有己内酯的板12优选能够拉伸其初始未拉伸长度或宽度的多达约100%。有利地,单个可拉伸套筒可匹配多种植入物的尺寸和/或形状,并且如本文所述在一个优选的实施方案中,优选对医用植入物提供相对合适的匹配,无论是否由外科医生稍加改变。在一个实施方案中,本发明包括成套工具(kit),所述成套工具包括不同尺寸和/或形状的有限数量的套筒,其能够匹配大多数植入物产品线。
在具有足够柔性的可吸收柔性套筒10的一个实施方案中,片12可由聚己内酯和其它可吸收聚合物组成。套筒中聚己内酯含量的优选示例性但非限制性范围是约10%到约100%,更优选约20%到30%。与通常用于移植的另一些可吸收聚合物相反,聚己内酯在体内降解相对较慢。因此,己内酯可与具有较快体内降解时间的其它聚合物混合,以控制片12的总体降解速率,而同时仍为沿医用植入物拉伸套筒10保留足够的柔性。在一个可能的实施方案中,片12可由30%聚己内酯和70%聚乳酸制成。
应当理解,任何其它合适的聚己内酯百分比均可用于套筒10。还应当理解,可使用其它可吸收聚合物或聚合物组合制造片12,有或没有聚己内酯均可。例如,所述聚合物可包括任何经FDA批准单体的多种组合,所述单体包括乙交酯、丙交酯、三亚甲基碳酸酯、二氧杂环己酮(dioxanone)和己内酯。所述膜或纤维也可包括合成聚合物比如聚环氧乙烷或生物可吸收的聚氨酯。在另一些实施方案中,用于形成载药套筒的膜或纤维还可包含天然生物聚合物比如明胶、胶原、壳聚糖、透明质酸或藻酸。因此,本发明不限于用于制造片12的材料的类型、聚合物或聚合物组合或其它材料的类型。
在一个优选的实施方案中,套筒10优选还包含多个任何合适形状(比如基本上圆形的穿孔或孔14)的孔或穿孔14,在一个可能的实施方案中,以允许流体通过所述套筒传送或运输。穿孔14不需要为正圆形,在一些实施方案中在形状上可以是卵形或椭圆形(未显示)。所述孔14不限于圆形穿孔14。优选地,穿孔14从内表面11到外表面13完全贯穿片12(参见图2)。与不含这些穿孔的套筒相比,当材料从聚合物中渗出时,穿孔14有利地提供将药物或生物活性剂更均匀地分布到邻近的组织和骨中。除了有利于药物分布以外,穿孔14还消除了植入物与套筒之间的无效腔(deadspace),碎片或材料可能进入其中并驻留,可能在患者中引起问题。因此,可通过使体液流过穿孔14来冲洗并带走这些碎片。
基于穿孔14所提供的开口区域占片12总表面积的百分比,关于孔隙率的一个优选示例性但非限制性范围是约10%到约80%,更优选从约20%到约50%。在一个优选的实施方案中,穿孔14提供了约20%的孔隙率。穿孔14优选具有至少约0.1mm的直径,以实现满意的药物分布和冲洗。在一个优选的实施方案中,穿孔14具有至少约1.5mm的直径。在现有技术中,通常认为约0.1mm或更大的直径代表大孔隙度。
优选地,在一个实施方案中,在形成套筒10之前,在片12处于大致平的状态时制备穿孔14,如本文中进一步的描述。
在一个实施方案中,可使用热加工的可降解聚合物压模片制造套筒10。在一个实施方案中,所述药物或其它生物活性剂可溶于或分散于仍为溶液形式的聚合物中。在一个实施方案中,然后使用本领域已知的常规方法将所述聚合物溶液加工成片或膜,穿孔,然后制成如本文所述套筒。优选地,可通过任何合适的技术将片12穿孔,比如在一个实施方案中,在片仍处于通常为平的状态时进行压制。
在一个实施方案中,可通过将其自身折叠以产生纵向延伸的自由边15a和纵向延伸的卷边或折边15b,而由穿孔的片12形成套筒10,如图1和图2中所示。因此,自由边15a和末端21、22最初可具有片12的双层或两倍厚度T,其中所述片自身重叠(参见图2)。卷边15b在横截面上可具有大致稍圆的弯曲形状或折痕,其包含片12单层或单倍厚度T(也参见图2)。在一个实施方案中,形成边15a和优选形成末端22的片然后可接在一起(例如通过热熔合焊接),以沿着边15a和末端22产生熔融接缝16。在一个实施方案中,由此形成的套筒12限定了构建成适于容纳植入物的内部腔23。优选地,在一个实施方案中,末端21并不连接在一起,以限定并形成末端21上的开口18,用于将植入物插入套筒10中。应当指出,可使用任何合适的技术以形成密封并封闭自由边15a和末端22,比如化学熔合或焊接、使用生物相容性粘合剂等。因此,本发明并不限于使用热熔合技术。
在另一些实施方案中,可通过折叠和生物相容性材料平板接缝缝合以外的方法形成套筒。在一个如图10所示的实施方案中,可以以管112的形状形成套筒100,其具有孔或穿孔114和两个末端116、118。优选地,在一个实施方案中,管112是无接缝的。在一个可能的实施方案中,管100可由聚合物制成。在一些可能的实施方案中,可通过浇铸或浸渍模塑工艺形成聚合物管112。浇铸法优选包括将聚合物溶液浇注到管状模中;使聚合物固化;从模中移出已形成的管状套筒112。在一个实施方案中,浸渍模塑工艺优选包括将杆状芯棒浸入含有聚合物溶液的容器中;从所述溶液中抽出芯棒,聚合物粘在该芯棒上;固化所述聚合物;并从该芯棒上移走已形成的管状套筒112。用于浸渍工艺的聚合物溶液优选具有合适的粘度以允许聚合物粘到芯棒上。可用于形成套筒112的浸渍模塑工艺公开于美国专利申请公开号20050209629中,其通过参考整体并入本文。在一些实施方案中,所述芯棒可浸渍多于一次以增加管形套筒112的厚度。在另一些实施方案中,所述芯棒可浸渍到含有相同或不同类型聚合物溶液的两个或更多容器中以形成多层管112。在一些实施方案中,所述含有两种或更多相同或不同聚合物的溶液可含有相同的药物、相同药物的不同盐、不同的药物或其任意组合。因此,管状套筒112可制备成具有多聚合物层,以允许对具体的应用根据需要控制所分散的药物类型以及分散速率和持续时间。
可通过任何合适的方法在管112内形成孔或穿孔114。在一个实施方案中,如果所选择的管112材料具有足够的弹性,则在管固化后,可以将其压扁。然后可通过任何合适的方法制备穿孔114,所述方法例如但不限于使用冲压机或其它装置以冲孔/穿刺所述被压扁的管。在一些实施方案中,如果管112由非弹性材料制成,则其不易压扁,可通过穿透管并产生穿孔的任何合适手段产生穿孔114。在与铸模管112联合使用的一个可能的实施方案中,所述模可配以多个柱和销,调整所述柱和销的大小和构造以匹配穿孔114的最终目的形状和尺寸。当聚合物溶液倒入该模时,溶液将环绕所述柱和销流动。穿孔114将在聚合物固化时形成,同时管状套筒形成。前述方式中铸造成形的穿孔114避免了在形成管112之后的额外生产步骤。管112可制成具有如图10所示的开口端116、118的管112,或者在一些实施方案中,末端116或118中任一个可形成封闭端(未显示)。以无接缝管形式制备的套筒10通常可具有比一些实施方案中折叠和有接缝套筒更好的强度。
如图2所示,在将医用植入物插入套筒10中之前,一个套筒实施方案在沿套筒长度方向上(定义为在边15a的方向上延伸)的横截面形状通常可为扁卵形或椭圆形。因此,套筒10的顶部17t和底部17b可包括通常为平面的或平的部分,这在一个可能的实施方案中通常与互补的扁平植入物30(如图示)的形状相符合,以消除不必要的过多松散的套筒材料(在插入植入物后),所述过多松散的套筒材料可在套筒和植入物之间形成不期望的过大的袋,袋中的碎片可驻留在体内。在另一些实施方案中(未显示),可将片12折叠并形成套筒10,以形成近似为管状的形状。
有必要指出,可改变所述聚合物成分以产生多种吸收谱。另外,可使用其他膜生产法,尤其是如果目的药物在模压工艺所使用的温度下热降解时。作为替代,可使用低温膜生产方法,例如但不限于溶剂浇注和芯棒浸渍模塑。
套筒10优选在其自身的无菌袋中单独提供。外科医生可通过将所述套筒从所述袋中移出,然后沿植入物30滑动并拉伸该套筒而使用该套筒10。植入物30可以一路进入或临近封闭端22而滑进套筒10内,以实现合适的匹配,并避免末端过多的无支持松散套筒材料。还可使用手术剪进一步修剪套筒10,以通过切掉靠近所述植入物30末端的末端21而移除多余的套筒长度。应当指出,尽管在一些情况下可能期望在套筒10和植入物30之间的合适匹配,以避免可能干扰在手术部位安装植入物30的过多松散材料,但并非在所有情况下都需要紧密配合。外科医生可利用上述类似技术修改套筒10以使套筒适合需要包装的植入物的具体尺寸和形状。然后可使用标准方法将包装进套筒中的植入物植入患者内并固定就位。有利地,外科医生将能够通过套筒使用来自多种植入物的药物,而医用装置公司将避免开发和维持大量未涂覆和涂覆的植入物库存的繁重负担,其中一种或多种药物取决于患者的病况或待治疗的适应症。
虽然医用植入物30显示为直的长形板,但应当理解,也可将许多不同形状和类型的药物植入物与本发明一起使用而没有限制。因此,套筒10可与骨板以外的其它装置一起使用,例如但不限于非整形外科植入物(例如支架、起搏器、牙科植入物等)以及其它整形外科植入物(例如胫骨钉、股骨钉、脊髓植入物等)。因此,在一些实施方案中,外科医生可以组合相同或不同尺寸和形状的两个或多个套筒10,以用于形状更复杂的植入物。例如,可不受限制地组合两个或多个套筒10,以用于L形、T形、X形、H形的骨板或其他类型的医用植入物或者其它类型和形状的植入物。应当认识到,并非在所有情况下都需要将植入物完全包在套筒10中以将药物或其它生物活性剂有效递送至周围组织。因此,通过使用套筒10的组合,可容纳多种植入物形状。
参照图5,显示了套筒40的一个替代实施方案,其经过设计以使药物仅从植入物的一侧释放,以按照需要引导所述药物进入骨或临近软组织中。这种套筒40的实施方案包括仅具有单个片12厚度的开口中心部分42和在任一末端部分46形成的袋44。此开口构造将植入物30的一侧暴露于袋44之间,并可以以所示形式提供给外科医生,或者可由外科医生在手术室中通过切除套筒10的中心部分而形成(见图1)。
在另一个可能的实施方案中,可在植入前将套筒10置于自体移植或异体移植的骨上,用于分散药物和/或使用所述套筒作为骨移植物容纳装置。例如,常将骨髓穿刺液(bone marrow aspirate,BMA)与例如ChronOS颗粒(可从West Chester,Pennsylvania的Synthes,Inc.购得)或其它形式的载体混合。在一个实施方案中,外科医生可将ChronOS-BMA混合物填入套筒中,以防止所述混合物从植入部位迁移。其它合适的载体材料的一些实例包括磷酸钙松质骨替代物,比如
Figure BDA00002411133500101
(r)(可从Malvern,Pennsylvania的Orthovita购得)或ConduitTM(r)(可从Raynham,Massachusetts的DePuy,Inc.购得)。
在一个实施方案中,可将聚合物套筒的吸收时间和伴随的药物分布速率控制为数天至数年。所用聚合物的化学性质和类型为药物递送动力学和聚合物吸收时间提供了多种可能性。另外,可通过用于构建所述聚合物套筒的片的厚度来控制吸收时间和药物递送速率。
可使用其它技术控制药物或生物活性剂从套筒中的递送速率和递送持续时间。例如,在图3所示的一个替代实施方案中,可由具有相同或不同聚合物组成的多层聚合物片形成套筒50。套筒50可包括两个片12和52(在一个实施方案中,已通过本领域已知的任何常规方法将两个片层压在一起),并可包括所示的穿孔50。在一些实施方案中,如果不需要,则板12和52并不需要各自均包含穿孔14。在一个实施方案中,可将药物掺入片12、52的每一个中,但可对套筒进行设计,以便以不同速率释放药物。在一个实施方案中,这一点可通过以下来实现:使片12、52中的一个或多个成为微孔性,以允许水或流体更快地渗透进膜中,并且更快地洗脱药物。非微孔性层将更有效地驻留药物,使其以较慢的速率洗脱。在片12和52由不同聚合物制成的另一些实施方案中,一个片可以亲水性更强并通过吸收流体而以比另一个片更快的速率膨胀,从而更快地释放药物。或者,片12或52中之一可由在体内比另一个片降解更快的聚合物制成。在一些实施方案中,可将同样的药物或生物活性剂掺入片12和52中。在另一些实施方案中,片12和52中可包含有不同的药物。因此,例如,第一类型的药物可以给定的速率和持续时间从片12递送,而第二种不同或相同的药物可以给定的速率和持续时间从片52递送,所述给定的速率和持续时间可以是不同的。
在另一些实施方案中,通过将一种或多种类型药物的不同盐掺入到套筒10或50中,可以以不同的速率和持续时间递送药物或生物活性剂。在一个实施方案中,套筒10的片12可包含相同药物的不同盐,每种盐在体液内具有不同的溶解度。因此,药物释放速率将根据所述具体盐的溶解度而变化。在一个实施方案中,这将允许药物从片12中的洗脱谱通过改变存在于片中的相同药物的不同盐的比率而得到控制。在另一个实施方案中,片12可包含两种或更多种不同药物或生物活性剂的不同盐。在套筒50具有多层片12、52的替代实施方案中,片12可包含与片52中相同药物的不同盐。
参照图6-9,可由聚合物片或膜生产套筒10或50的替代实施方案,所述聚合物片或膜不需要为了允许沿植入物扩展或拉伸而完全为柔性或弹性,但是可通过提供从不同方向切入套筒中的可变形孔(比如洞和/或狭缝/槽)图样来使所述聚合物片或膜可以延伸,以适合许多不同尺寸的植入物。所述洞和/或狭缝/槽将变形并允许套筒沿所述植入物拉伸。图6显示了聚合物片60的一个可能的实施方案,其包含纵向延伸的槽62。这种排列允许片60在所示拉伸箭头的方向上沿其宽度(沿水平方向)拉伸。图7显示了聚合物片70的一个可能的实施方案,其包含纵向延伸的狭缝72。这种排列允许板70在所示拉伸箭头的方向上沿其宽度(沿水平方向)拉伸。图8显示了聚合物片80的一个可能的实施方案,其包含纵向狭缝82和孔84的组合,在所示实施方案中,所述狭缝沿对角线方向定位在所述片上。这种排列允许片80在所示拉伸箭头的方向上沿其宽度(沿水平方向)和长度(沿垂直方向)拉伸。图9显示了聚合物片90的一个可能的实施方案,其包含X形狭缝92。这种排列允许片90在所示拉伸箭头的方向上沿其宽度(沿水平方向)和长度(沿垂直方向)拉伸。在片90的替代实施方案中,可提供X形槽来代替狭缝。
应当理解,只要所述聚合物片能够在一个或多个方向上扩展或拉伸,就可以使用可变形孔的多种其它合适的形状、组合和图样,比如洞、狭缝和槽。应当认识到,在需要可高度拉伸套筒的情况下,所述可变形孔可与柔性、半刚性或刚性聚合物片一起使用。可有利地使用可变形的孔来包装外形不完全是线形的不规则形状的植入物。
尽管说明书和附图代表本发明优选的实施方案,但是应该理解,可对本发明进行多种补充、修改和替代,而不背离如所附权利要求书中所限定的本发明的构思和范围。特别地,对于本领域技术人员而言,应当清楚本发明可以体现在其它具体的形式、结构、排列、比例、尺寸以及其它元件、材料和成分之中,而不背离其构思或必要特征。本领域技术人员将理解,使用本发明时可对用于本发明实践的结构、排列、比例、尺寸、材料以及成分进行特别适用于具体需要和操作需求的多种修改,而不背离本发明的原理。因此,本发明公开的实施方案在所有方面均应视为示例性而非限制性,本发明的范围由所附权利要求书限定,而不限于前述的说明或实施方案。

Claims (44)

1.一种生物相容性套筒,其包括:
由生物相容性材料制成的本体,其限定构建成容纳医用植入物的内部腔,所述本体包含从所述腔延伸穿过所述本体的多个孔;
第一末端;
第二末端;和
掺入所述材料中的药物。
2.权利要求1的套筒,其中所述生物相容性材料是生物可吸收的。
3.权利要求2的套筒,其中所述第一末端是开口的,以通过该末端容纳医用植入物,且所述第二末端是封闭的。
4.权利要求2的套筒,其中所述套筒为长形。
5.权利要求2的套筒,其中所述套筒具有顶和底,所述顶或底的至少一部分基本上是平面的。
6.权利要求2的套筒,其中所述套筒由至少一个生物相容性材料片制成。
7.权利要求6的套筒,其中所述套筒包括第一边和第二末端,所述第一边具有封闭该第一边的接缝,所述第二末端包含封闭该第二末端的接缝。
8.权利要求7的套筒,其中所述接缝通过选自热熔合、化学熔合和粘合剂中的方法而形成。
9.权利要求2的套筒,其中所述可吸收片含有聚合物。
10.权利要求2的套筒,其中所述可吸收片包含己内酯。
11.权利要求2的套筒,其中所述可吸收片由30%聚己内酯和70%聚乳酸制成。
12.权利要求2的套筒,其中所述套筒在每一末端包括袋,所述袋被构建并调整成适于容纳医用植入物的一部分。
13.权利要求2的套筒,其中所述套筒具有开口的中心部分。
14.权利要求2的套筒,其中所述药物选自抗生素、防腐剂、镇痛剂、抗肿瘤剂、双膦酸盐和/或酯类、生长因子、肽、他汀类及其组合。
15.权利要求2的套筒,其中所述孔是圆形穿孔。
16.权利要求2的套筒,其中所述孔具有选自圆洞、椭圆洞、狭缝、槽或其任何组合的形式。
17.权利要求2的套筒,其中所述套筒由层压在一起的至少两个可吸收材料片制成。
18.权利要求17的套筒,其中至少一个片是微孔性的。
19.权利要求17的套筒,其中所述至少两个片中包含不同的药物。
20.权利要求17的套筒,其中所述至少两个片中包含相同的药物。
21.权利要求2的套筒,其中所述片中包含同样药物的不同盐。
22.权利要求2的套筒,其中所述片中包含两种不同的药物。
23.权利要求2的套筒,其中所述药物在体内从所述套筒分散到患者的医用植入物植入部位。
24.一种载药套筒,其包括:
由生物相容性材料制成并且其中掺入了至少一种药物的至少一个
片,所述片包含多个孔;所述片折叠而形成卷边、相对的自由边、第一末端以及与第一末端相对的第二末端;和
沿所述自由边和所述第二末端形成的接缝,所述接缝封闭所述自由边和第二末端,
其中所述第一末端限定了开口,所述开口构建成容纳至少部分包入所述套筒中的医用植入物。
25.权利要求24的套筒,其中所述片材料是生物可吸收的。
26.权利要求24的套筒,其中所述孔是圆形穿孔。
27.权利要求24的套筒,其中所述孔具有选自圆洞、椭圆洞、狭缝、槽或其任何组合的形式。
28.权利要求24的套筒,其中所述套筒为长形。
29.权利要求24的套筒,其中所述套筒具有顶和底,所述顶或底的至少一部分基本上是平面的。
30.权利要求24的套筒,其中所述接缝通过选自热熔合、化学熔合和粘合剂中的方法而形成。
31.权利要求24的套筒,其中所述可吸收片中包含己内酯。
32.权利要求24的套筒,其中所述套筒中含有聚合物。
33.权利要求24的套筒,其中所述套筒由层压在一起的至少两个可吸收材料片制成。
34.权利要求33的套筒,其中至少一个片是微孔性的。
35.形成载药套筒的方法,其包括:
提供生物相容性材料的至少一个基本上扁平的第一片,所述片中至少掺入了一种药物;
在所述片上形成多个孔;
折叠所述片以形成卷边、相对的自由边、第一开口末端以及与第一末端相对的第二开口末端;
沿所述自由边形成封闭自由边的接缝;以及
沿所述第二末端形成封闭第二末端的接缝,
其中所述自由边和第二末端的接缝形成步骤可以按任意次序进行。
36.权利要求35的套筒,其中所述孔是圆形穿孔。
37.权利要求35的套筒,其中所述孔具有选自圆洞、椭圆洞、狭缝、槽或其任何组合的形式。
38.权利要求35的套筒,其中所述套筒为长形。
39.权利要求35的套筒,其中所述套筒具有顶和底,所述顶或底的至少一部分基本上是平面的。
40.权利要求35的套筒,其中所述接缝通过选自热熔合、化学熔合和粘合剂的方法而形成。
41.权利要求35的套筒,其中所述可吸收片包含己内酯。
42.权利要求35的套筒,其中所述可吸收片由至少一种聚合物形成。
43.权利要求35的套筒,还包括在形成多个孔之前将基本平的掺入了至少一种药物的生物可吸收材料第二片层压到所述第一片上的步骤。
44.权利要求35的套筒,其中所述生物相容性材料是生物可吸收的。
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