CN102906152B - 含芴、蒽和苯并噻二唑单元的聚合物及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
含芴、蒽和苯并噻二唑单元的聚合物及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102906152B CN102906152B CN201080066881.7A CN201080066881A CN102906152B CN 102906152 B CN102906152 B CN 102906152B CN 201080066881 A CN201080066881 A CN 201080066881A CN 102906152 B CN102906152 B CN 102906152B
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种含芴、蒽和苯并噻二唑单元的聚合物,具有如下结构:
Description
【技术领域】
本发明涉及光电领域,尤其涉及一种含芴、蒽和苯并噻二唑单元的聚合物及其制备方法和应用及其制备方法及其应用。
【背景技术】
传统的高效率太阳能电池主要以无机半导体硅为原料,但是硅晶太阳能电池由于生产过程工艺复杂,污染严重,耗能大,成本高,抑制了其商业化应用的发展。因此利用廉价材料制备低成本、高效能的太阳能电池一直是光伏领域的研究热点和难点。有机半导体材料一方面由于有机材料的环境稳定性好、制备成本低、功能易于调制、柔韧性及成膜性都较好;另一方面由于有机太阳能电池加工过程相对简单,可低温操作,器件制作成本也较低等优点而备受关注,成为廉价和有吸引力的太阳能电池材料。此外,有机太阳能电池还具有可大面积制造、可使用柔性衬底、环境友好、轻便易携等优点。
有机光伏材料具有如下优点:热稳定性好,易加工,成本低,可通过分子设计实现特定的光电功能。蒽及其衍生物具有很好的稳定性和较好的成膜性;其紫外可见光谱呈现出较宽的手指峰吸收,有利于提高对太阳光的吸收覆盖范围;并且它具有适当的载流子传输特性,其晶体室温下空穴迁移率可达3cm2/V·s,是一类优异的有机半导体材料。虽然蒽及其衍生物作为有机电致发光材料的报道已有很多,但作为有机光伏材料的研究却鲜有报道,这就大大限制了它的应用范围。
【发明内容】
基于此,有必要提供一种含有蒽单元的有机光伏化合物。
此外,还有必要提供一种含有蒽单元的有机光伏化合物的制备方法及其应用。
一种含芴、蒽和苯并噻二唑单元的聚合物,具有以下结构:
其中,n为1~200的整数,m为1~20的整数;x、y为正实数,且x+y=1;R1、R2为H、卤素、氰基、C1~C40的烷基、C1~C40的芳基或C1~C40的杂芳基;R3、R4为H、卤素、氰基、C1~C40的烷基、C1~C40烷氧基、C6~C40芳基、C6~C40芳烷基或C6~C40芳基烷氧基。
上述R1、R2、R3、R4可表示单取代的官能团,也可以表示多取代的官能团,例如R1代表两个取代基、三个取代基等。
一种含芴、蒽和苯并噻二唑单元的聚合物的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
S11、分别提供如下结构式表示的化合物A、B、C,
S12、在无氧环境中,有机溶剂、催化剂和碱溶液存在条件下,将化合物A、B、C进行Suzuki偶合反应,得到如下结构式表示的含芴、蒽和苯并噻二唑单元的聚合物:
其中,n为1~200的整数;m为1~20的整数;
x、y为正实数,且x+y=1;
R1、R2为氢、卤素、氰基、C1~C40的烷基、C1~C40的芳基或C1~C40的杂芳基;
R3、R4为氢、卤素、氰基、C1~C40的烷基、C1~C40烷氧基、C6~C40芳基、C6~C40芳烷基或C6~C40芳基烷氧基。
优选的,步骤S1中,化合物A由如下步骤制得:
分别提供如下结构式的化合物D和E:
其中,m为1~20的整数;
无水无氧环境中,-70℃~-85℃条件下,将化合物D加入溶剂中,按正丁基锂与化合物D摩尔比为2:1~4:1加入正丁基锂,搅拌2小时;溶剂为选自四氢呋喃、乙醚、二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷和乙酸乙酯中的一种或几种;
按化合物D摩尔数的2~4倍加入化合物E,升温至室温反应12~48小时,得到如下结构式的化合物A:
优选的,步骤S12中,有机溶剂为选自甲苯、乙二醇二甲醚、四氢呋喃、乙醚、二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷和乙酸乙酯中的一种或几种;碱溶液加入量为所述化合物A摩尔数的5~10倍;催化剂加入量为化合物A摩尔数的0.5%~10%;催化剂为有机钯或有机钯与有机膦配体的混合物;碱溶液为NaOH水溶液、Na2CO3水溶液、NaHCO3水溶液或四乙基氢氧化铵水溶液;Suzuki反应反应温度为60~100°C,反应时间为12~72小时。
优选的,有机钯与有机膦配体的混合物中,有机钯与有机膦配体的摩尔比为1:2~20;有机钯为Pd2(dba)3、Pd(PPh3)4或Pd(PPh3)2Cl2;有机膦配体为P(o-Tol)3。
优选的,该制备方法还包括制得聚合物后的纯化过程,具体步骤如下:
S13、向步骤S12制得的聚合物中加入去离子水和甲苯进行萃取,取有机相,用减压蒸馏的方法将有机相蒸馏后将其滴入到无水甲醇中不断搅拌,有固体沉淀析出,经过抽滤、烘干后得到固体粉末,再将固体粉末用氯仿溶解,过中性氧化铝层析柱,除去催化剂后旋蒸,再将其滴入甲醇溶剂中并搅拌,最后用索氏抽提器抽提,得到纯化后的聚合物。
一种采用上述聚合物制备的太阳能电池器件,包括衬底,沉积在衬底一个表面上的、作为阳极的导电层,涂覆在导电层上的起修饰作用的聚3,4-亚乙二氧基噻吩:聚苯乙烯磺酸层,涂覆在聚3,4-亚乙二氧基噻吩:聚苯乙烯磺酸层表面的活性层,以及设置在活性层表面、作为阴极的金属铝层;活性层的材质为混合物,包括电子给体材料和电子受体材料;电子受体材料为[6,6]苯基-C61-丁酸甲酯,电子给体材料含上述的含芴、蒽和苯并噻二唑单元的聚合物。
一种采用上述聚合物制备的有机电致发光器件,包括衬底,沉积在衬底的一个表面上的、作为阳极的导电层,涂覆在导电层上的发光层,蒸镀在发光层上的以LiF为材质的缓冲层,以及设置在缓冲层上的、作为阴极的金属铝层,其特征在于,发光层材料含上述的含芴、蒽和苯并噻二唑单元的聚合物。
一种采用上述聚合物制备的有机场效应晶体管,其结构依次包括:掺杂硅片,SiO2绝缘层,用于修饰SiO2绝缘层的十八烷基三氯硅烷层,涂覆在十八烷基三氯硅烷层上的有机半导体层,间隔设置在有机半导体层上的源电极和漏电极,其特征在于,所述有机半导体层材料含上述的含芴、蒽和苯并噻二唑单元的聚合物。
蒽及其衍生物具有很好的稳定性和较好的成膜性;其紫外可见光谱呈现出较宽的手指峰吸收,有利于提高对太阳光的吸收覆盖范围;并且它具有适当的载流子传输特性,其晶体室温下空穴迁移率可达3cm2/V·s,是一类优异的有机半导体材料。含芴单元的化合物具有易修饰的结构、具有良好的光热稳定性和成膜性。
这种含芴、蒽和苯并噻二唑单元的聚合物具有较低的能隙,较高的迁移率,光谱的吸收范围宽,并且这种聚合物材料有利于载流子在活性层材料内部更为有效地传递。
【附图说明】
图1为太阳能电池器件一个实施例的结构示意图;
图2为有机电致发光器件一个实施例的结构示意图;
图3为有机场效应晶体管一个实施例的结构示意图。
【具体实施方式】
本发明的目的在于提供一种含芴、蒽和苯并噻二唑单元的聚合物及其制备方法,并指出了该材料在聚合物在光电领域的应用。
一种含芴、蒽和苯并噻二唑单元的聚合物,具有以下结构:
其中,n为1~200的整数,m为1~20的整数;x、y为正实数,且x+y=1;R1、R2为H、卤素、氰基、C1~C40的烷基、C1~C40的芳基或C1~C40的杂芳基;R3、R4为H、卤素、氰基、C1~C40的烷基、C1~C40烷氧基、C6~C40芳基、C6~C40芳烷基或C6~C40芳基烷氧基。
上述R1、R2、R3、R4可表示单取代的官能团,也可以表示多取代的官能团,例如R1代表两个取代基、三个取代基等。
一种含芴、蒽和苯并噻二唑单元的聚合物的制备方法,步骤如下:
步骤一
分别提供如下结构式的化合物D和E:
其中,m为1~20的整数;
无水无氧环境中,-70℃~-85℃条件下,将化合物D加入溶剂中,按正丁基锂与化合物D摩尔比为2:1~4:1加入正丁基锂,搅拌2小时;所述溶剂为选自四氢呋喃、乙醚、二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷和乙酸乙酯中的一种或几种;
按化合物D摩尔数的2~4倍加入化合物E,升温至室温反应12~48小时,得到如下结构式的化合物A:
步骤二
提供如下结构式表示的化合物A、B、C,
在无氧环境中,有机溶剂、催化剂和碱溶液存在条件下,将化合物A、B、C进行Suzuki偶合反应,得到如下结构式表示的含芴、蒽和苯并噻二唑单元的聚合物:
其中,n为1~200的整数;m为1~20的整数;
x、y为正实数,且x+y=1;
R1、R2为氢、卤素、氰基、C1~C40的烷基、C1~C40的芳基或C1~C40的杂芳基;
R3、R4为氢、卤素、氰基、C1~C40的烷基、C1~C40烷氧基、C6~C40芳基、C6~C40芳烷基或C6~C40芳基烷氧基。
上述R1、R2、R3、R4可表示单取代的官能团,也可以表示多取代的官能团,例如R1代表两个取代基、三个取代基等。
优选的,步骤二中,有机溶剂为选自甲苯、乙二醇二甲醚、四氢呋喃、乙醚、二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷和乙酸乙酯中的一种或几种;催化剂加入量为化合物A摩尔数的0.5%~10%;催化剂为有机钯或有机钯与有机膦配体的混合物;碱溶液加入量为所述化合物A摩尔数的5~10倍;碱溶液为NaOH水溶液、Na2CO3水溶液、NaHCO3水溶液或四乙基氢氧化铵水溶液;Suzuki反应反应温度为60~100°C,反应时间为12~72小时。
优选的,所述有机钯与有机膦配体的混合物中,有机钯与有机膦配体的摩尔比为1:2~20;有机钯为Pd2(dba)3、Pd(PPh3)4或Pd(PPh3)2Cl2;有机膦配体为P(o-Tol)3。
在具体的实施方式中,上述无氧条件可以通过氮气或者惰性气体保护的方式实现。
步骤三向上述制得的聚合物中加入去离子水和甲苯进行萃取,取有机相,用减压蒸馏的方法将有机相蒸馏后将其滴入到无水甲醇中不断搅拌,有固体沉淀析出,经过抽滤、烘干后得到固体粉末,再将固体粉末用氯仿溶解,过中性氧化铝层析柱,除去催化剂后旋蒸,再将其滴入甲醇溶剂中并搅拌,最后用索氏抽提器抽提,得到纯化后的聚合物。
下面结合具体实施例对本发明公开的聚合物及其制备方法和应用作进一步的说明。
实施例1
本实施例公开结构如下的聚合物
聚合物P1 x=0.1,y=0.9
P2 x=0.5,y=0.5
该聚合物的制备过程如下:
一、2,7-二(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二杂氧戊硼烷)基-9,9-二辛基芴的制备:
搭好无水无氧反应装置,在不断搅拌和N2的保护下,往三口瓶中加入白色的2,7-二溴-9,9-二辛基芴9.0mmol,用注射器注入150ml精制的四氢呋喃溶剂,在-78℃条件下再用注射器慢慢注入27.0mmol n-BuLi,搅拌反应2小时。反应2小时后,在-78℃条件下用注射器注入30.6mmol2-异丙氧基-4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二杂氧戊硼烷,升温到室温反应过夜。
反应结束后,加入饱和NaCl水溶液,氯仿萃取,无水硫酸钠干燥,抽滤后将滤液收集并旋蒸掉溶剂。最后用石油醚:乙酸乙酯(v/v=15:1)为淋洗液将粗产物进行硅胶柱层析分离,得到粉末状固体2,7-二(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二杂氧戊硼烷)基-9,9-二辛基芴,产率65%。GC-MS(EI-m/z):642(M+)。
二、结构如下的聚合物的制备
聚合物P1 x=0.1,y0.9
P2 x=0.5,y0.5
P1的制备
在反应器中加入2,7-二(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二杂氧戊硼烷)基-9,9-二辛基芴1mmol、9,10-二溴蒽0.1mmol、4,7-二(5’-溴-2’-噻吩基)-2,1,3-苯并噻二唑0.9mmol、四三苯基膦钯0.025mmol、2mol/L的Na2CO3水溶液5ml和甲苯溶剂30ml,通过反复进行通N2和抽真空使反应体系处于无氧状态,在90℃条件下反应70h。
反应70h后,往产物的反应瓶中加入去离子水和甲苯进行萃取,取有机相,用减压蒸馏的方法将聚合物/甲苯溶液蒸干至约5ml左右,将其滴入到300ml无水甲醇中不断搅拌,并有固体沉淀析出,经过抽滤、烘干后得到固体粉末。再将固体粉末用氯仿溶解,用中性氧化铝过层析柱,除去催化剂四三苯基膦钯,最后将聚合物/氯仿溶液旋蒸至剩5ml左右,将其滴入甲醇溶剂中并搅拌数小时,最后将聚合物P1收集烘干。用索氏抽提器将聚合物抽提,从而提高聚合物分子量的单分散性。
将提纯后的聚合物P1进行GPC测试,数均分子量Mn≈52400,聚合物单分散性为2.45。
P2的制备
在反应器中加入2,7-二(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二杂氧戊硼烷)基-9,9-二辛基芴1mmol、9,10-二溴蒽0.5mmol、4,7-二(5’-溴-2’-噻吩基)-2,1,3-苯并噻二唑0.5mmol,其它物体投料量、反应条件和后处理方法均不变,则最终得到聚合物P2。将提纯后的聚合物P2进行GPC测试,数均分子量Mn≈41700,聚合物单分散性为216。
实施例2
本实施例公开结构如下的聚合物
聚合物P3 x=0.8,y=0.2
P4 x=0.2,y=0.8
该聚合物的制备过程如下:
一、2,7-二(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二杂氧戊硼烷)基-9,9-二辛基芴的制备
搭好无水无氧反应装置,在不断搅拌和N2的保护下,往三口瓶中加入白色的2,7-二溴-9,9-二辛基芴9.0mmol,用注射器注入150ml精制的四氢呋喃溶剂,在-78℃条件下再用注射器慢慢注入27.0mmol n-BuLi,搅拌反应2小时。反应2小时后,在-78℃条件下用注射器注入30.6mmol2-异丙氧基-4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二杂氧戊硼烷,升温到室温反应过夜。
反应结束后,加入饱和NaCl水溶液,氯仿萃取,无水硫酸钠干燥,抽滤后将滤液收集并旋蒸掉溶剂。最后用石油醚:乙酸乙酯(v/v=15:1)为淋洗液将粗产物进行硅胶柱层析分离,得到粉末状固体2,7-二(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二杂氧戊硼烷)基-9,9-二辛基芴,产率65%。GC-MS(EI-m/z):642(M+)。
二、结构如下的聚合物的制备
聚合物P3 x=0.8,y=0.2
P4 x=0.2,y=0.8
P3的制备
在反应器中加入2,7-二(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二杂氧戊硼烷)基-9,9-二辛基芴1mmol、9,10-二溴-2,6-二(2-辛基癸基)蒽0.8mmol(该化合物制备方法参见KlausMullen等人的Macromol.Chem.Phys.2006,207,1107-1115)、4,7-二(5’-溴-2’-噻吩基)-2,1,3-苯并噻二唑0.2mmol、四三苯基膦钯0.02mmol、2mol/L的Na2CO3水溶液10ml和甲苯溶剂40ml,通过反复进行通N2和抽真空使反应体系处于无氧状态,在85℃条件下反应48h。
反应48h后,往反应瓶中加入去离子水和甲苯进行萃取,取有机相,用减压蒸馏的方法将聚合物/甲苯溶液蒸干至少量,将其滴入到300ml无水甲醇中不断搅拌,有固体沉淀析出,经过抽滤、烘干后得到固体粉末。再将固体粉末用氯仿溶解,用中性氧化铝过层析柱,除去催化剂四三苯基膦钯,最后将聚合物/氯仿溶液旋蒸至剩5ml左右,将其滴入甲醇溶剂中并搅拌数小时,最后将聚合物P3收集烘干。用索氏抽提器将聚合物抽提,从而提高聚合物分子量的单分散性。
将提纯后的聚合物P3进行GPC测试,数均分子量Mn≈35100,聚合物单分散性为1.97。
P4的制备
在反应器中加入2,7-二(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二杂氧戊硼烷)基-9,9-二辛基芴1mmol、9,10-二溴-2,6-二(2-辛基癸基)蒽0.2mmol、4,7-二(5’-溴-2’-噻吩基)-2,1,3-苯并噻二唑0.8mmol,其它物体投料量、反应条件和后处理方法均不变,则最终得到聚合物P4。将提纯后的聚合物P4进行GPC测试,数均分子量Mn≈38600,聚合物单分散性为1.88。
实施例3
本实施例公开结构如下的聚合物
聚合物P5 x=0.2,y=0.8
P6 x=0.5,y=0.5
该聚合物的制备过程如下:
一、2,7-二(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二杂氧戊硼烷)基-9,9-二辛基芴的制备
搭好无水无氧反应装置,在不断搅拌和N2的保护下,往三口瓶中加入白色的2,7-二溴-9,9-二辛基芴9.0mmol,用注射器注入150ml精制的四氢呋喃溶剂,在-78℃条件下再用注射器慢慢注入27.0mmol n-BuLi,搅拌反应2小时。反应2小时后,在-78℃条件下用注射器注入30.6mmol2-异丙氧基-4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二杂氧戊硼烷,升温到室温反应过夜。
反应结束后,加入饱和NaCl水溶液,氯仿萃取,无水硫酸钠干燥,抽虑后将滤液收集并旋蒸掉溶剂。最后将粗产物用石油醚:乙酸乙酯(v/v=15:1)为淋洗液进行硅胶柱层析分离,得到粉末状固体2,7-二(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二杂氧戊硼烷)基-9,9-二辛基芴,产率65%。GC-MS(EI-m/z):642(M+)。
二、结构如下的聚合物的制备
聚合物P5 x=0.2,y=0.8
P6 x=0.5,y=0.5
P5的制备
在反应器中加入2,7-二(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二杂氧戊硼烷)基-9,9-二辛基芴1mmol、9,10-二溴-2,6-二(2-辛基癸基)蒽0.2mmol、4,7-二(5’-溴-4’-己基-2’-噻吩基)-2,1,3-苯并噻二唑0.8mmol、四三苯基膦钯0.022mmol、2mol/L的Na2CO3水溶液10ml和甲苯溶剂40ml,通过反复进行通N2和抽真空使反应体系处于无氧状态,在90℃条件下反应72h。
反应72h后,往产物的反应瓶中加入去离子水和甲苯进行萃取,取有机相,用减压蒸馏的方法将聚合物/甲苯溶液蒸干至约5ml左右,将其滴入到400ml无水乙醇中不断搅拌,有固体沉淀析出,抽滤、烘干后得到固体粉末。再将固体粉末用氯仿溶解,用中性氧化铝过层析柱,除去催化剂四三苯基膦钯,最后将聚合物/氯仿溶液旋蒸至剩5ml左右,将其滴入乙醇中并搅拌数小时,最后将聚合物P5收集烘干。用索氏抽提器将聚合物抽提,从而提高聚合物分子量的单分散性。
将提纯后的聚合物P5进行GPC测试,数均分子量Mn≈71400,聚合物单分散性为2.65。
P6的制备
在反应器中加入2,7-二(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二杂氧戊硼烷)基-9,9-二辛基芴1mmol、9,10-二溴-2,6-二(2-辛基癸基)蒽0.5mmol、4,7-二(5’-溴-4’-己基-2’-噻吩基)-2,1,3-苯并噻二唑0.5mmol,其它物体投料量、反应条件和后处理方法均不变,则最终得到聚合物P6。将提纯后的聚合物P6进行GPC测试,数均分子量Mn≈65700,聚合物单分散性为2.28。
实施例4
本实施例公开结构如下的聚合物
聚合物P7 x=0.5,y=0.5
P8 x=0.05,y=0.95
该聚合物的制备步骤如下:
一、2,7-二(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二杂氧戊硼烷)基-9,9-二癸基芴的制备:
搭好无水无氧反应装置,在不断搅拌和N2的保护下,往三口瓶中加入白色的2,7-二溴-9,9-二癸基芴9.0mmol,用注射器注入200ml精制的四氢呋喃溶剂,在-78℃条件下再用注射器慢慢注入25.0mmol n-BuLi,搅拌反应2小时。
反应2小时后,在-78℃条件下用注射器注入28.0mmol2-异丙氧基-4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二杂氧戊硼烷,升温到室温反应过夜。
反应结束后,加入饱和NaCl水溶液,氯仿萃取,无水硫酸钠干燥,抽滤后将滤液收集并旋蒸掉溶剂。最后将粗产物用石油醚和乙酸乙酯的混合溶剂为淋洗液进行硅胶柱层析分离,得到粉末状固体2,7-二(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二杂氧戊硼烷)基-9,9-二癸基芴,产率71%。GC-MS(EI-m/z):699(M+)。
二、4,7-二(5’-溴-4’-己基-2’-噻吩基)-5,6-双十四烷氧基-2,1,3-苯并噻二唑的制备:
将4,7-二溴-5,6-双十四烷氧基-2,1,3-苯并噻二唑1mmol和4-己基-2-三丁基锡基噻吩2.2mmol溶于无水甲苯溶剂,再加入四三苯基膦钯0.03mmol,在氮气的保护下回流反应过夜。冷却后在甲醇溶剂中沉降,经过硅胶柱提纯后得到4,7-二(4’-己基-2’-噻吩基)-5,6-双十四烷氧基-2,1,3-苯并噻二唑,产率68%。GC-MS(EI-m/z):893(M+)。
将4,7-二(4’-己基-2’-噻吩基)-5,6-双十四烷氧基-2,1,3-苯并噻二唑1mmol和N-溴代丁二酰亚胺(NBS)2.3mmol溶于300ml氯仿溶剂,加入至氩气保护的两口反应瓶中并不断搅拌,室温条件下避光反应50小时。产物经过后处理,真空干燥并进行硅胶柱层析提纯后,得到固体粉末状产物4,7-二(5’-溴-4’-己基-2’-噻吩基)-5,6-双十四烷氧基-2,1,3-苯并噻二唑,产率72%。GC-MS(EI-m/z):1051(M+)。
三、结构如下的聚合物的制备
聚合物P7 x=0.5,y=0.5
P8 x=0.05,y0.95
P7的制备
在反应器中加入2,7-二(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二杂氧戊硼烷)基-9,9-二癸基芴1mmol、9,10-二溴-2,6-二(2-辛基癸基)蒽0.5mmol、4,7-二(5’-溴-4’-己基-2’-噻吩基)-5,6-双十四烷氧基-2,1,3-苯并噻二唑0.5mmol、四三苯基膦钯0.025mmol、2mol/L的Na2CO3水溶液10ml和甲苯溶剂40ml,通过反复进行通N2和抽真空使反应体系处于无氧状态,在88℃条件下反应60h。
反应60h后,往产物的反应瓶中加入去离子水和甲苯进行萃取,取有机相,用减压蒸馏的方法将聚合物/甲苯溶液蒸干至少量,将其滴入到400ml无水乙醇中不断搅拌,并有固体沉淀析出,经过抽滤、烘干后得到固体粉末。再将固体粉末用氯仿溶解,用中性氧化铝过层析柱,除去催化剂四三苯基膦钯,最后将聚合物/氯仿溶液旋蒸至剩5ml左右,将其滴入乙醇溶剂中并搅拌数小时,最后将聚合物P7收集烘干。用索氏抽提器将聚合物抽提,从而提高聚合物分子量的单分散性。
将提纯后的聚合物P7进行GPC测试,数均分子量Mn≈59800,聚合物单分散性为2.57。
P8的制备
在反应器中加入2,7-二(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二杂氧戊硼烷)基-9,9-二辛基芴1mmol、9,10-二溴-2,6-二(2-辛基癸基)蒽0.05mmol、4,7-二(5’-溴-4’-己基-2’-噻吩基)-5,6-双十四烷氧基-2,1,3-苯并噻二唑0.95mmol,其它物体投料量、反应条件和后处理方法均不变,则最终得到聚合物P8。将提纯后的聚合物P8进行GPC测试,数均分子量Mn≈61400,聚合物单分散性为2.03。
以下实施例是含芴、蒽和苯并噻二唑单元的聚合物在聚合物太阳能电池,有机电致发光器件,有机场效应晶体管,有机光存储,有机非线性材料和有机激光材料等领域中的应用。
实施例5
一种太阳能电池器件,其结构如图1。本实施例中采用ITO玻璃(铟锡氧化物玻璃),即玻璃作为衬底,ITO(铟锡氧化物)作为导电层,聚合物采用前述实施例1中的聚合物P1。
该太阳能电池器件的结构为:玻璃/ITO/PEDOT:PSS/活性层/Al;其中,活性层的材质为混合物,包括以[6,6]苯基-C61-丁酸甲酯为材质的电子给体材料和以含芴、蒽和苯并噻二唑单元的聚合物为材质的电子受体材料;ITO是方块电阻为10-20Ω/口的氧化铟锡,PEDOT为聚3,4-亚乙二氧基噻吩,PSS为聚苯乙烯磺酸。
该太阳能电池器件的制造过程如下:
ITO玻璃经过超声波清洗,并用氧-Plasma处理后,在ITO表面涂上一层起修饰作用的PEDOT:PSS层;
在所述PEDOT:PSS层上采用旋涂技术涂覆一层活性层,该活性层的材质包括以[6,6]苯基-C61-丁酸甲酯为材质的电子给体材料和以含芴、蒽和苯并噻二唑单元的聚合物为材质的电子受体材料;
在所述活性层的表面真空蒸镀金属铝,形成作为阴极的金属铝层,得到所述有机太阳能电池器件。本实施例中,金属铝层的厚度分别为170nm,在其他的实施例中,金属铝层的厚度还可以为30nm、130nm、60nm。
在本实施例中,该太阳能电池经过110摄氏度密闭条件下4小时,再降到室温,器件经过退火后能有效增加分子内各基团和分子链段间排列的有序性和规整度,提高载流子迁移率的传输速度和效率,进而提高光电转换效率。
实施例6
一种有机电致发光器件,结构如图2所示。本实施例中采用ITO玻璃(铟锡氧化物玻璃),即玻璃作为衬底,ITO(铟锡氧化物)作为导电层,聚合物采用前述实施例1中的聚合物P1。
该有机电致发光器件的结构为:玻璃/ITO/发光层/缓冲层/Al;其中,发光层采用含芴、蒽和苯并噻二唑单元的聚合物;缓冲层材质为LiF;ITO是方块电阻为10-20Ω/口的氧化铟锡,PEDOT为聚3,4-亚乙二氧基噻吩,PSS为聚苯乙烯磺酸。
该有机电致发光器件的制造过程如下:
ITO玻璃经过超声波清洗,并用氧-Plasma处理后,在ITO表面涂上一层含芴、蒽和苯并噻二唑单元的聚合物形成发光层;
在所述发光上采用真空蒸镀技术涂覆一层LiF形成缓冲层;
在所述缓冲层的表面真空蒸镀金属铝,形成作为阴极的金属铝层,得到所述有机电致发光器件。本实施例中,金属铝层的厚度分别为170nm,在其他的实施例中,金属铝层的厚度还可以为30nm、130nm、60nm。
实施例7
一种有机场效应晶体管,结构如图3所示。本实施例中采用高掺杂的硅片作为衬底,聚合物采用前述实施例1中的聚合物P1。
该有机场效应晶体管的结构为:Si/SiO2/OTS/有机半导体层/源电极(S)和漏电极(D);其中,SiO2厚度为500nm,起到绝缘作用;OTS为十八烷基三氯硅烷;有机半导体层材质为含芴、蒽和苯并噻二唑单元的聚合物;源电极(S)和漏电极(D)采用金属金制作。
该有机场效应晶体管的制造过程如下:
清洗掺杂硅衬底,沉积具有绝缘作用的SiO2层;
在所述SiO2绝缘层上涂覆OTS,形成OTS层;
在所述OTS层上涂覆一层含芴、蒽和苯并噻二唑单元的聚合物,形成有机半导体层;
在所述有机半导体层上设置金属金材质的源电极和漏电极,得到所述有机场效应晶体管。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式,其描述较为具体和详细,但并不能因此而理解为对本发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是,对于本领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,还可以做出若干变形和改进,这些都属于本发明的保护范围。因此,本发明专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。
Claims (10)
2.一种权利要求1所述聚合物的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
S11、分别提供如下结构式表示的化合物A、B、C,
S12、在无氧环境中,有机溶剂、催化剂和碱溶液存在条件下,将化合物A、B、C进行Suzuki偶合反应,得到如下结构式表示的含芴、蒽和苯并噻二唑单元的聚合物:
其中,n为1~200的整数;m为1~20的整数;
x、y为正实数,且x+y=1;
R1、R2为氢、卤素、氰基、C1~C40的烷基、C1~C40的芳基或C1~C40的杂芳基;
R3、R4为氢、卤素、氰基、C1~C40的烷基、C1~C40烷氧基、C6~C40芳基、C6~C40芳烷基或C6~C40芳基烷氧基。
4.如权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S12中,所述有机溶剂为选自甲苯、乙二醇二甲醚、四氢呋喃、乙醚、二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷和乙酸乙酯中的一种或几种;
所述催化剂加入量为所述化合物A摩尔数的0.5%~10%;
所述催化剂为有机钯或有机钯与有机膦配体的混合物;
所述碱溶液的加入量为所述化合物A摩尔数的10倍;
所述碱溶液为NaOH水溶液、Na2CO3水溶液、NaHCO3水溶液或四乙基氢氧化铵水溶液;
所述Suzuki偶合反应中,反应温度为60~100℃,反应时间为12~72小时。
5.如权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述有机钯与有机膦配体的混合物中,有机钯与有机膦配体的摩尔比为1:2~20。
6.如权利要求4或5所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述有机钯为Pd2(dba)3、Pd(PPh3)4或Pd(PPh3)2Cl2;
所述有机膦配体为P(o-Tol)3。
7.如权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,还包括制得聚合物后的纯化过程,具体步骤如下:
S13、向步骤S12制得的聚合物中加入去离子水和甲苯进行萃取,取有机相,用减压蒸馏的方法将有机相蒸馏后滴入到无水甲醇中不断搅拌,析出固体沉淀,经过抽滤、烘干后得到固体粉末,再将固体粉末用氯仿溶解,过中性氧化铝层析柱分离,除去催化剂后旋蒸,再滴入甲醇溶剂中并搅拌,最后用索氏抽提器抽提,得到纯化后的聚合物。
8.一种权利要求1所述聚合物制备的太阳能电池器件,包括衬底,沉积在所述衬底一个表面上的、作为阳极的导电层,涂覆在所述导电层上的起修饰作用的聚3,4-亚乙二氧基噻吩:聚苯乙烯磺酸层,涂覆在所述聚3,4-亚乙二氧基噻吩:聚苯乙烯磺酸层表面的活性层,以及设置在所述活性层表面、作为阴极的金属铝层;所述活性层的材质为混合物,包括电子给体材料和电子受体材料;所述电子受体材料为[6,6]苯基-C61-丁酸甲酯,其特征在于,所述电子给体材料含权利要求1所述的含芴、蒽和苯并噻二唑单元的聚合物。
9.一种权利要求1所述聚合物制备的有机电致发光器件,包括衬底,沉积在所述衬底的一个表面上的、作为阳极的导电层,涂覆在所述导电层上的发光层,蒸镀在所述发光层上的以LiF为材质的缓冲层,以及设置在所述缓冲层上的、作为阴极的金属铝层,其特征在于,所述发光层含权利要求1所述的含芴、蒽和苯并噻二唑单元的聚合物。
10.一种权利要求1所述聚合物制备的有机场效应晶体管,其结构依次包括:掺杂硅片,SiO2绝缘层,用于修饰所述SiO2绝缘层的十八烷基三氯硅烷层,涂覆在所述十八烷基三氯硅烷层上的有机半导体层,间隔设置在所述有机半导体层上的源电极和漏电极,其特征在于,所述有机半导体层含权利要求1所述的含芴、蒽和苯并噻二唑单元的聚合物。
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