CN102838395B - Ingredient of matrix for culturing plant, and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Ingredient of matrix for culturing plant, and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102838395B CN102838395B CN2012103568008A CN201210356800A CN102838395B CN 102838395 B CN102838395 B CN 102838395B CN 2012103568008 A CN2012103568008 A CN 2012103568008A CN 201210356800 A CN201210356800 A CN 201210356800A CN 102838395 B CN102838395 B CN 102838395B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The invention relates to a matrix for culturing plants and a preparation method threrof. The ingredient of the matrix comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-30 parts of sawdust, 30-40 parts of animal manure, 4-6 parts of grass carbon, 10-30 parts of bark, 5-15 parts of waste bacteria sticks, 3-8 parts of wormcast, 8-12 parts of peanut husks, 5-10 parts of perlite, and 0.001-0.002 part of bacillus, and is prepared by a certain preparation method. The prepared matrix can be used for changing growth environment of vegetation, avoiding generation of environment pollution, and also can be used for supplementing macroelement potassium; organic matters contain multiple stable microelements and are stable and comprehensive-nutrition organic matters; the matrix is used for planting and culturing, the survival rate is high, the growth speed is fast; and the matrix can be used all the year round.
Description
One, technical field:
The present invention relates to a kind of be used to matrix of cultivating plants and preparation method thereof.
Two, technical background:
Matrix is exactly a kind of field soil that is different from, and is equal to the function of soil-less culture medium, and the effectiveness of its uniqueness is arranged again, is a kind ofly to cultivate plants specially, and new high-tech product without any side effects, cultivation matrix are from Australian patent of introduction product.Can be according to the demand of different plants, the matrix that adopts different raw materials and explained hereafter to go out different model, and with water conservation, take root, slow release fertilizer and the trace element etc. by certain proportioning, be composited.Its practical value has obtained generally admitting of countries in the world at present.Add the operation technique of science, the specific absorption of plant is improved, and production cost reduces.Continuous growth along with scientific and technical development and people's material and culture, requirement to quality of life is also more and more higher, the green sign that has become our ecotope, organic matter is a kind of agricultural, forestry products residue waste of taking full advantage of, and makes the needed best medium of different plant-growths.
Matrix plantation hourly water consumption reduces by 70% left and right than land for growing field crops, and avoids the sickness rate of various soil-borne diseases, has also simplified weeding, waters, the operation such as fertilising, and owing to not using soil, implementing place also has larger selectivity.Such as in parlor, balcony, roof, square, desert, in worse environment, can operate even, make the space of substrate culture plant more extensive.To hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulphur and the various trace element that plant-growth plays an important role, all by matrix, just find.Utilize matrix also can study the concentration that arsenic, mercury, chromium, cadmium, lead and other elements damage plant.
Substrate culture is the new and high technology product of modern agriculture, and its use not only requires the talent of a collection of knowledge type, more needs to have the talent of professional skill.Organic production, exploitation and popularization, just do not obtain breakthrough achievement, and in planting tree, brought into play the advantage of its uniqueness in the production of flowers and plants, matrix is green plants and scientific and technical perfect adaptation.
Three, summary of the invention:
The present invention is in order to solve the deficiency of above-mentioned technical background, provide a kind of be used to matrix of cultivating plants and preparation method thereof, it can be used for changing the vegetation growth environment, avoid environment is produced and pollutes, can also supplement macroelement potassium, in organic matter, contain the trace element of plurality of stable, for stable, organic matter comprehensive nutrition, use the present invention to plant and cultivate, surviving rate is high, fast growth, all can use throughout the year.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is: a kind of matrix be used to cultivating plants is characterized in that: the raw material of described matrix forms and comprises following weight part raw material: sawdust 10-30 part animal manure 30-40 part peat composed of rotten mosses 4-6 part bark 10-30 part waste mushroom stick 5-15 part wormcast 3-8 part peanut skin 8-12 part perlite 5-10 part genus bacillus 0.001-0.002 part.
Described animal manure is pig manure or cow dung.
A kind of preparation method be used to the matrix that cultivates plants, it is characterized in that: described preparation method's step is:
1) sawdust after pulverizing, animal manure, the peat composed of rotten mosses, bark, waste mushroom stick, wormcast, peanut skin, perlite and genus bacillus heap are high 1.5 meters-2.5 meters;
2) material in step 1) is carried out to 4-5 times and fully stir, recover heap high;
3) in the high process of bank, overturning limit, limit Jia Shui, the moisture control of material is between 55-65%;
4) after the week, when the material core temperature reaches 65-70 ℃, place 8-10 days, make it by harmful microorganism, worm's ovum, weed seed carry out between levels after thoroughly killing, inside and outside between the shifting type overturning, during overturning, add water, raw material is thoroughly soaked into;
5) after two weeks, carry out overturning for the second time, inside and outside between the shifting type overturning, during overturning, add water, raw material is thoroughly soaked into; When the pH value reach 6.5 and specific conductivity reach 2.2dS/m and get final product;
6) every three days, carry out overturning once, overturning is 8 times altogether;
7) after ten overturnings complete, by laboratory, work in-process are carried out to comprehensive physical and chemical index chemical examination, when the pH value is: 4.8-6.5, specific conductivity is: 1.5-2.2dS/m, muriatic concentration is less than or equal to 200 mg/L, the amount of the nitrogen existed as the ammonium radical ion is less than or equal to 100 mg/L, when the amount of the nitrogen existed as nitrate ion is more than or equal to 25 mg/L, stacks 10-15 days by the rear pack of sieving.
Compared with prior art, the advantage and the effect that have of the present invention is as follows:
1, the stable root system of plant of supporting
Can guarantee when plant takes root growth in matrix firmly not fall;
2, ventilation property
The root system respiration of well-known plant needs oxygen, in the hole of matrix, there is oxygen, can meet the needed oxygen of root system of plant respiration, the hole of matrix is also the place of sticking moisture, good matrix can meet the proportionlity between water and air, meets the normal need of plant to air and moisture;
3, keep moisture
But good matrix sticking is equivalent to the moisture of several times of left and right of weight own, can guarantee to irrigate the moisture that the off period plant-growth needs;
The effect of this invention is as follows:
1, can regulate and control freely physiological environment according to the physiological requirements of different plants, as water conservation, fertilizer conservation, draining and the function such as ventilative;
2, solve the obstacle that the soil cultivation continuous cropping produces, comprised the salinification of biological disease and pest and physics, chemical and acid-base disorder etc.;
3, a series of pollutions of having avoided soil to bring;
4, brought into play energy-conservation effect, both water-saving, economize fertile, also human-saving;
5, make plant bring into play outstanding advantage, and reached throughout the year and all can transplant, surviving rate is high, the good character of fast growth;
6, dedicated substrate especially adapts to the growth of flowers and trees.
Four, embodiment:
Embodiment mono-:
A kind ofly be used to the matrix cultivated plants, comprise following weight part raw material: 0.001 part of 5 parts of genus bacillus of 8 parts of perlites of 3 parts of peanut skins of 5 parts of wormcasts of 10 parts of waste mushroom sticks of 4 parts of barks of 30 parts of peats composed of rotten mosses of 10 parts of animal manures of sawdust.
Described animal manure is pig manure or cow dung.
A kind of preparation method's be used to the matrix that cultivates plants step is:
1) sawdust after pulverizing, animal manure, the peat composed of rotten mosses, bark, waste mushroom stick, wormcast, peanut skin, perlite and genus bacillus heap are high 1.5 meters-2.5 meters;
2) material in step 1) is carried out to 4-5 times and fully stir, recover heap high;
3) in the high process of bank, overturning limit, limit Jia Shui, the moisture control of material is between 55-65%;
4) after the week, when the material core temperature reaches 65-70 ℃, place 8-10 days, make it by harmful microorganism, worm's ovum, weed seed carry out between levels after thoroughly killing, inside and outside between the shifting type overturning, during overturning, add water, raw material is thoroughly soaked into;
5) after two weeks, carry out overturning for the second time, inside and outside between the shifting type overturning, during overturning, add water, raw material is thoroughly soaked into; When the pH value reach 6.5 and specific conductivity reach 2.2dS/m and get final product;
6) every three days, carry out overturning once, overturning is 8 times altogether;
7) after ten overturnings complete, by laboratory, work in-process are carried out to comprehensive physical and chemical index chemical examination, when the pH value is: 4.8-6.5, specific conductivity is: 1.5-2.2dS/m, muriatic concentration is less than or equal to 200 mg/L, the amount of the nitrogen existed as the ammonium radical ion is less than or equal to 100 mg/L, when the amount of the nitrogen existed as nitrate ion is more than or equal to 25 mg/L, stacks 10-15 days by the rear pack of sieving.
Embodiment bis-:
A kind ofly be used to the matrix cultivated plants, comprise following weight part raw material: 0.002 part of 10 parts of genus bacillus of 12 parts of perlites of 8 parts of peanut skins of 15 parts of wormcasts of 30 parts of waste mushroom sticks of 6 parts of barks of 40 parts of peats composed of rotten mosses of 30 parts of animal manures of sawdust.
Described animal manure is pig manure or cow dung.
A kind of preparation method's be used to the matrix that cultivates plants step is:
1) sawdust after pulverizing, animal manure, the peat composed of rotten mosses, bark, waste mushroom stick, wormcast, peanut skin, perlite and genus bacillus heap are high 1.5 meters-2.5 meters;
2) material in step 1) is carried out to 4-5 times and fully stir, recover heap high;
3) in the high process of bank, overturning limit, limit Jia Shui, the moisture control of material is between 55-65%;
4) after the week, when the material core temperature reaches 65-70 ℃, place 8-10 days, make it by harmful microorganism, worm's ovum, weed seed carry out between levels after thoroughly killing, inside and outside between the shifting type overturning, during overturning, add water, raw material is thoroughly soaked into;
5) after two weeks, carry out overturning for the second time, inside and outside between the shifting type overturning, during overturning, add water, raw material is thoroughly soaked into; When the pH value reach 6.5 and specific conductivity reach 2.2dS/m and get final product;
6) every three days, carry out overturning once, overturning is 8 times altogether;
7) after ten overturnings complete, by laboratory, work in-process are carried out to comprehensive physical and chemical index chemical examination, when the pH value is: 4.8-6.5, specific conductivity is: 1.5-2.2dS/m, muriatic concentration is less than or equal to 200 mg/L, the amount of the nitrogen existed as the ammonium radical ion is less than or equal to 100 mg/L, when the amount of the nitrogen existed as nitrate ion is more than or equal to 25 mg/L, stacks 10-15 days by the rear pack of sieving.
Embodiment tri-:
A kind ofly be used to the matrix cultivated plants, comprise following weight part raw material: 0.0015 part of 7 parts of genus bacillus of 10 parts of perlites of 5 parts of peanut skins of 10 parts of wormcasts of 20 parts of waste mushroom sticks of 5 parts of barks of 35 parts of peats composed of rotten mosses of 20 parts of animal manures of sawdust.
Described animal manure is pig manure or cow dung.
A kind of preparation method's be used to the matrix that cultivates plants step is:
1) sawdust after pulverizing, animal manure, the peat composed of rotten mosses, bark, waste mushroom stick, wormcast, peanut skin, perlite and genus bacillus heap are high 1.5 meters-2.5 meters;
2) material in step 1) is carried out to 4-5 times and fully stir, recover heap high;
3) in the high process of bank, overturning limit, limit Jia Shui, the moisture control of material is between 55-65%;
4) after the week, when the material core temperature reaches 65-70 ℃, place 8-10 days, make it by harmful microorganism, worm's ovum, weed seed carry out between levels after thoroughly killing, inside and outside between the shifting type overturning, during overturning, add water, raw material is thoroughly soaked into;
5) after two weeks, carry out overturning for the second time, inside and outside between the shifting type overturning, during overturning, add water, raw material is thoroughly soaked into; When the pH value reach 6.5 and specific conductivity reach 2.2dS/m and get final product;
6) every three days, carry out overturning once, overturning is 8 times altogether;
7) after ten overturnings complete, by laboratory, work in-process are carried out to comprehensive physical and chemical index chemical examination, when the pH value is: 4.8-6.5, specific conductivity is: 1.5-2.2dS/m, muriatic concentration is less than or equal to 200 mg/L, the amount of the nitrogen existed as the ammonium radical ion is less than or equal to 100 mg/L, when the amount of the nitrogen existed as nitrate ion is more than or equal to 25 mg/L, stacks 10-15 days by the rear pack of sieving.
Measure the pH value, specific conductivity, ammonium ion, the method for muriate and other nutrition content
1, principle
By the vibration of putting together of potting media sample and water, then measure the content of above each index in extract.
2, reagent: deionized water or distilled water
3, equipment
(1) the extracting container of preparing plastic, filtration unit and mechnical oscillator;
(2) reach fast filter paper at a slow speed
(3) plastic containers, and mark the height of selected sample size.
(4) rotating speed is not less than the whizzer of 3000 rev/mins.
(5) pH meter, be accurate to 0.1pH unit.
(6) mhometer, be accurate to 0.05dS/m.
While (7) measuring the concentration of nitrate ion in extract, should be accurate to 5mg/L nitrogen.
While (8) measuring the concentration of ammonium radical ion in extract, should be accurate to 5mg/L nitrogen.
While (9) measuring in extract muriatic concentration, should be accurate to 5mg/L.
5, determination step
(1) matrix is prepared: need to drench with deionized water or distilled water the humidity of normal dress basin, and stirring and evenly mixing gently.When measuring, wet content (water body piece or wet agglomerate) is necessary > 40%, preferably can reach between 50～55%.Dry matrix wants water to drench at least can be for test after 8 days.
Detect pH value and specific conductivity, should produce and in this segment limit, carry out in latter 7 to 28 days in matrix.
Attention: matrix should be able to unrestricted flow, and its humidity should remain on and do not pinched out moisture and be advisable, and any matrix through extruding all can not be for test, and this control formula that is mainly extruding can destroy the release controlled fertilizer particle discharges.
(2) extracting
The step of extracting is as follows:
(a) according to specific method for extracting, implement extracting, and change extraction solvent into deionized water or distilled water.
(b) measure the pH value of this suspension liquid, and be accurate to 0.1pH unit.
(c) this suspension liquid is filtered with quick filter paper, measure specific conductivity and be accurate to 0.05dS/m.
(d) this filtrate is carried out centrifugal or as at a slow speed filter paper filtering can guarantee solution clarification also available slow filter paper it is filtered, operation according to the following steps, this filtered solution or can be used for measuring the content of ammonium ion, nitrate ion, chlorion through centrifugal liquid.
(3) mensuration of ammonium ion
The concentration of ammonium ion must be with the laboratory method of standard from measuring above solution to be measured, and its method can adopt the methods such as volumetry or spectrophotometer measurement.
Calculating is as follows as the formula that the ammonium radical ion is present in the amount of nitrogen in solution to be measured:
Nam=0.78×A
Wherein:
The concentration of the nitrogen existed as the ammonium radical ion in Nam=solution to be measured, unit is mg/L
The concentration of ammonium radical ion in the A=extract, unit is mg/L
Acceptable limit of error is+20%
(4) mensuration of nitrate ion
Adopt ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer to detect the concentration of nitrate ion in solution to be measured, dilute solution to be measured, until the concentration of nitrate ion reaches in the useful range of instrument, after measuring concentration, be multiplied by corresponding extension rate, thereby obtain the nitrate ion concentration of former test soln.
Calculating is as follows as the formula that nitrate ion is present in the amount of nitrogen in solution to be measured:
Nn=0.226×NO
3
Wherein:
The concentration of the nitrogen existed as nitrate ion in Nn=solution to be measured, unit is mg/L
NO
3The concentration of nitrate ion in=extract, unit is mg/L
Attention: referring to the 6th point, for this test, acceptable limit of error is-20% for the explanation of test-results
(5) muriatic mensuration
Adopt appropriate means to detect the concentration of Chlorine in Solution compound to be measured
Attention: for this test, acceptable limit of error is+20%
6, normal detected value is as follows:
(1) the pH value is: 4.8-6.5,
(2) specific conductivity: 1.5-2.2dS/m
(3) muriatic concentration is less than or equal to 200 mg/L, and the amount of the nitrogen existed as the ammonium radical ion is less than or equal to 100 mg/L, and the amount of the nitrogen existed as nitrate ion is more than or equal to 25 mg/L.
Organic planting technology advanced person, the planting effect uniqueness, with reference to following experimental result.
Table 2 lacebark pine (term) growing height synopsis
Unit: cm place: Yangling Shaanxi
Table 3 soil cultivation and organic cultivation technique simultaneous test average result
Table 4 organic breeding and the soil synopsis (mean value) of growing seedlings
Claims (1)
1. matrix be used to cultivating plants is characterized in that: the raw material of described matrix forms and comprises following weight part raw material: sawdust 10-30 part animal manure 30-40 part peat composed of rotten mosses 4-6 part bark 10-30 part waste mushroom stick 5-15 part wormcast 3-8 part peanut skin 8-12 part perlite 5-10 part genus bacillus 0.001-0.002 part;
Described animal manure is pig manure or cow dung;
Its preparation process is:
1) sawdust after pulverizing, animal manure, the peat composed of rotten mosses, bark, waste mushroom stick, wormcast, peanut skin, perlite and genus bacillus heap are high 1.5 meters-2.5 meters;
2) material in step 1) is carried out to 4-5 times and fully stir, recover heap high;
3) in the high process of bank, overturning limit, limit Jia Shui, the moisture control of material is between 55-65%;
4) after the week, when the material core temperature reaches 65-70 ℃, place 8-10 days, make it by harmful microorganism, worm's ovum, weed seed carry out between levels after thoroughly killing, inside and outside between the shifting type overturning, during overturning, add water, raw material is thoroughly soaked into;
5) after two weeks, carry out overturning for the second time, inside and outside between the shifting type overturning, during overturning, add water, raw material is thoroughly soaked into; When the pH value reach 6.5 and specific conductivity reach 2.2dS/m and get final product;
6) every three days, carry out overturning once, overturning is 8 times altogether;
7) after ten overturnings complete, by laboratory, work in-process are carried out to comprehensive physical and chemical index chemical examination, when the pH value is: 4.8-6.5, specific conductivity is: 1.5-2.2dS/m, muriatic concentration is less than or equal to 200 mg/L, the amount of the nitrogen existed as the ammonium radical ion is less than or equal to 100 mg/L, when the amount of the nitrogen existed as nitrate ion is more than or equal to 25 mg/L, stacks 10-15 days by the rear pack of sieving.
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| CN103461085A (en) * | 2013-09-16 | 2013-12-25 | 天津市宏胜源食用菌科技发展有限公司 | Method for culturing green plants by using waste bacteria sticks |
| CN105985164A (en) * | 2015-03-02 | 2016-10-05 | 天津市植物保护研究所 | Microbial seedling raising medium formula |
| CN106212106A (en) * | 2016-10-13 | 2016-12-14 | 合肥润雨农业科技有限公司 | A kind of Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi Nutrition Soil |
| CN108605809A (en) * | 2016-11-30 | 2018-10-02 | 丹阳市大丰收苗木专业合作社 | A kind of kapok cutting medium |
| CN109906914B (en) * | 2019-03-21 | 2021-03-12 | 湖南省农业环境生态研究所 | Simple direct seeding and seedling raising method for Sedum plumbizincicola |
| CN110419410A (en) * | 2019-07-17 | 2019-11-08 | 常德市万惠生物科技有限公司 | It is a kind of using Qinggang bark as organic seedling raising matrix of raw material and preparation method thereof |
| CN113785753B (en) * | 2021-09-03 | 2022-10-28 | 浙江传化生物技术有限公司 | Cymbidium hybridum cultivation medium and preparation method thereof |
| CN114258837A (en) * | 2021-12-21 | 2022-04-01 | 四川农业大学 | Pear seedling culture substrate, preparation method thereof and pear seedling culture method |
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| CN1336104A (en) * | 2001-09-19 | 2002-02-20 | 中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所 | Organic soil-less culture substrate, orgainc solid fertilizer and soil-less cultivation method |
| CN101774844A (en) * | 2009-12-30 | 2010-07-14 | 魏文烃 | Preparation method of base material for culturing plant |
| CN102391039A (en) * | 2011-07-19 | 2012-03-28 | 屯留牧绿源生物科技有限公司 | Flower nursery stock cultivation substrate and preparation method thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| KR20020020423A (en) * | 2000-09-08 | 2002-03-15 | 백우현 | Production Method of Organic Matter |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1336104A (en) * | 2001-09-19 | 2002-02-20 | 中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所 | Organic soil-less culture substrate, orgainc solid fertilizer and soil-less cultivation method |
| CN101774844A (en) * | 2009-12-30 | 2010-07-14 | 魏文烃 | Preparation method of base material for culturing plant |
| CN102391039A (en) * | 2011-07-19 | 2012-03-28 | 屯留牧绿源生物科技有限公司 | Flower nursery stock cultivation substrate and preparation method thereof |
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