CN109906914B - Simple direct seeding and seedling raising method for Sedum plumbizincicola - Google Patents
Simple direct seeding and seedling raising method for Sedum plumbizincicola Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a substrate suitable for simple direct seeding and seedling raising of Sedum plumbizincicola and a direct seeding and seedling raising method, wherein the formula of the substrate is recorded as follows according to the volume ratio: cow dung type wormcast: wood chip sawing: the turf is 3:4:2, and the direct seeding seedling method comprises the following steps: the stem segments of the sedum plumbizincicola are treated by the medicament and then are thrown and directly sown on the seedling culture substrate, then the medicament is sprayed to promote rapid rooting and induce secondary buds to generate, and a large number of secondary buds are trimmed to carry out simple direct seeding seedling culture. The invention has the advantages that: the sawmill waste is utilized, has the advantages of low price, light weight and high porosity, can effectively increase the air permeability of the matrix, reduce the density of the matrix and is beneficial to the germination and growth of the root system of the direct seeding stem; simultaneously realizes benign biomass energy circulation and reduces the cost of the rhodiola rosea seedling substrate. The method disclosed by the invention combines a throwing direct seeding seedling raising mode with a special seedling raising matrix, can effectively reduce the seedling raising cost of the sedum plumbizincicola, improves the seedling raising efficiency, and provides a powerful guarantee for the environment restoration application of the sedum plumbizincicola.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of Crassulaceae plant planting, in particular to a simple direct seeding and seedling raising method for Sedum plumbizincicola.
Background
Sedum plumbizincicola is a perennial fleshy herbaceous plant of Crassulaceae, is favored to grow in heavy metal-rich ore areas, and particularly has strong enrichment capacity on heavy metal cadmium in soil. The method has the advantages of high growth speed, high enrichment coefficient, low restoration cost, no secondary pollution, strong sustainability and the like, so that the method has better restoration potential of the heavy metal polluted land, is often applied to restoration of the heavy metal polluted land, and has wide application prospect.
In view of the wide application prospect of the Sedum plumbizincicola, the seedling demand of the Sedum plumbizincicola is increased explosively. The rhodiola rosea has few seeds, low breeding speed and long seedling growing period, a cutting propagation technology is usually adopted in production, direct cutting usually consumes manpower, the rhodiola rosea is a succulent plant, the stem is tender, young stem segments and leaves are easily extruded and damaged by workers in the cutting process, a large amount of pathological changes and necrosis of the cut seedlings are often caused, and a large amount of bactericide is required to be sprayed for disease control. Not only the investment is too large, but also the phytotoxicity is easily caused, the breeding survival rate is not high, and the seedling raising cost is not low. This affects the large area application of Sedum plumbizincicola. Therefore, it is urgently needed to develop a seedling raising method which is simple and convenient to operate and has a high multiplication coefficient, the seedling raising cost can be effectively reduced, and the production efficiency can be improved.
Meanwhile, the sawdust is a waste of a sawmill, almost does not contain any nutrient, pollutes air when being burned, and has low utilization value. The light fluffy porous structure is very suitable for the seedling substrate, and if the light fluffy porous structure can be used as a seedling substrate raw material, the biomass can be recycled, the environmental pollution is reduced, the usage amount of non-renewable resources such as peat and the like is reduced, the production cost of the substrate is greatly reduced, and the light fluffy porous structure has important significance for industrial seedling culture of the Sedum plumbizincicola.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a simple direct seeding and seedling raising method for sedum plumbizincicola, which can effectively solve the problems in the prior art.
In order to realize the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a simple direct seeding and seedling raising method for Sedum plumbizincicola comprises the following steps:
1. arranging a seedbed, paving grass prevention cloth in a greenhouse, building a simple seedbed by using a board with the width of 10cm, wherein the width of the seedbed is 1.2m, the depth of the seedbed is 10cm, the length of the seedbed is not limited, and the seedbed is laid with a substrate for later use, wherein the formula of the substrate is recorded as follows according to the volume ratio: cow dung type wormcast: wood chip sawing: the peat is 3:4:2, and the water content of the matrix is 30-40% when the matrix is used.
2. Selecting strong and disease and insect pest-free Sedum plumbizincicola as a mother seedling, cutting the overground part, removing large leaves after topping, and then shearing the large leaves into stem sections of 3-5 cm.
3. Soaking the stem segments for 3 minutes by 1200 times of carbendazim, uniformly throwing the stem segments on a substrate seedbed after drying, and arranging a sunshade net to avoid direct sunlight.
4. After the direct seeding is finished, 0.2-1.0 mg/L NAA is uniformly sprayed to promote the stem section to rapidly take root.
5. After NAA is sprayed for the first time, a layer of mulching film is covered for moisture preservation, and the environmental humidity is controlled to be 60-70%, so that the absorption of the stem segments to the medicine is facilitated.
6. Induction occurs from the bud. After 12-15 days, basically all stem segments root, removing the tectorial membrane, if the sunshade net can be removed in rainy season, keeping 2000-4000 Lux illumination, spraying 0.2 mg/L6-BA solution once, wherein the spraying time is selected as evening to promote the lateral bud germination and growth of the stem segments.
7. And (3) carrying out twig pruning and rapid propagation on the tender shoots, cutting tender shoots with the upper parts of 3-4 cm after 4-5 weeks, soaking all the tender shoots for 3-5 minutes by 1200 times of carbendazim, then throwing the tender shoots on a seedbed, arranging a thickened sun-shading net to reduce illumination, not spraying NAA, and keeping 30-50% of air humidity.
8. After the stem sections of the sedum plumbizincicola mother seedlings are pruned once, the illumination is enhanced, the environmental humidity is reduced, the wound healing is promoted, 0.2-0.5 mg/L6-BA is sprayed once after 3-4 days to promote the lateral buds to sprout, more than 10 lateral buds can sprout in each stem section after one month, and the lateral buds are repeatedly cut to carry out direct seeding seedling.
After 9.15 days, the seedlings grow red roots, and at the moment, 0.5mg/L NAA is sprayed. And removing the rear sunshade net after 3 days, increasing the illumination, promoting the growth of seedlings, and enabling the plant height to be 10-12 cm at the age of 40 days to reach the optimal transplanting standard.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the simple direct seeding and seedling raising matrix suitable for the rhodiola plumbizincicola, which specifically comprises the following steps:
uniformly mixing cow dung type wormcast, sawdust and grass peat according to a volume ratio of 3:4:2, stacking and fermenting for 3-5 weeks after watering is thoroughly wetted, and using the sawdust after fermentation, sterilization and egg killing, wherein the diameter of the sawdust is 0.1-0.5 mm.
Preferably, the sunshade rate of the sunshade net in the step 3 is 50%.
Preferably, the NAA spraying concentration in the step 4 is 0.5-0.6 mg/L, the NAA spraying is carried out in 3 rd to 4 th days after the direct seeding is finished, the NAA spraying is carried out at least twice, and the NAA spraying is carried out once again after one week after the first spraying.
Preferably, in the step 5, the film covering time is 3-4 days after direct seeding, the film covering and the moisture preservation are carried out after NAA is sprayed, and the temperature in the seedbed film is controlled at 15-25 ℃.
Preferably, the air humidity is maintained at 40% in step 7.
Preferably, the concentration of 6-BA in step 8 is 0.5 mg/L.
Preferably, NAA is sprayed to induce the rapid growth of the root system after the scion wound is healed and the root system is germinated in the step 9.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: the matrix utilizes the sawmill waste, has the advantages of low price, light weight and high porosity, can effectively increase the air permeability of the matrix, reduce the density of the matrix and is beneficial to the germination and growth of the root system of the direct seeding stem; simultaneously realizes benign biomass energy circulation and reduces the cost of the rhodiola rosea seedling substrate. The method combines the throwing direct seeding seedling raising mode with the special seedling raising substrate, can ensure the rooting efficiency of the seedlings and effectively reduce the seedling raising cost of the sedum plumbizincicola, saves the link of artificial cuttage, reduces the mechanical damage to the sprouts during cuttage, greatly improves the seedling raising efficiency and the survival rate, greatly reduces the seedling raising cost, is used as technical reserve for rapidly breeding the sedum plumbizincicola seedlings in a large scale in a short period, and provides powerful guarantee for the environmental remediation application.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail by referring to the following examples.
The formula of the substrate suitable for the simple direct seeding and seedling raising of the rhodiola rosea is characterized in that the substrate for the direct seeding and seedling raising of the rhodiola rosea comprises the following components in volume ratio: wood chip sawing: the peat is 3:4:2, and the water content of the substrate is preferably 30-40% when the substrate is used.
The preparation method of the simple direct seeding and seedling raising matrix suitable for the rhodiola plumbata comprises the following steps:
mixing the cow dung type wormcast, the sawdust and the grass peat uniformly according to the volume ratio of 3:4:2, watering, stacking for 3-5 weeks after the earthworms are thoroughly wetted, and using the mixture after the sawdust is fermented, sterilized and killed.
The earthworm cast is prepared by composting fermented cow dung with earthworms, and other livestock and poultry manure has too high nutrient content and low pH value, is not suitable for earthworm growth, and is easy to burn during seedling culture.
The sawdust is small in diameter, about 0.1-0.5 cm, and large sawdust cannot achieve the effects of fluffy matrix and porosity increase.
A method for simply and easily direct seeding and seedling raising of Sedum plumbizincicola comprises the following steps:
1, arranging a seedbed, paving grass prevention cloth in a greenhouse, building a simple seedbed by using a wood board with the width of 10cm, wherein the width of the seedbed is 1.2m, the depth of the seedbed is 10cm, the length of the seedbed is not limited, and the seedbed is laid with a matrix for later use.
2, selecting strong and disease and insect pest-free Sedum plumbizincicola as a mother seedling, cutting the overground part, removing large leaves after topping, and then shearing the large leaves into stem sections of 3-5 cm.
3 soaking the stem sections for 3 minutes by using 1200 times of liquid carbendazim, uniformly throwing the stem sections on a substrate seedbed after the stem sections are slightly dried, and arranging a sunshade net to avoid direct sunlight.
The sun-shading net is suitable for shading rate of 50%, excessive illumination can affect rooting, and meanwhile, the photodecomposition of hormone medicines sprayed in the later period is accelerated, and the drug effect is reduced.
4, uniformly throwing and directly sowing the stem sections of the sedum aizoon on a seedbed, and spraying 0.2-1.0 mg/L NAA to promote the stem sections to rapidly root.
The rooting effect is the best when the NAA spraying concentration is 0.5-0.6 mg/kg, and the spraying is preferably carried out on the 3 rd to 4 th days after direct seeding is finished at the spraying time, so that the stem wound is prevented from being rotted due to excessive moisture.
NAA is sprayed at least twice, and is sprayed once again after one week after the first spraying, and a small amount of white or red root tips can be basically germinated on the stem segments.
And 5, after NAA is sprayed for the first time, covering a layer of mulching film for moisturizing, controlling the environmental humidity to be 60-70%, being beneficial to the absorption of the stem segments to the medicine, and being capable of quickly stimulating the adventitious roots to germinate.
The film covering time is 3-4 days after direct seeding, the wound of the stem section is basically healed at the moment, and the film covering and moisture preservation are carried out after NAA is sprayed, so that the drug absorption and the rapid rooting are facilitated.
The temperature in the seedbed film is preferably 15-25 ℃, stem lesions and rottenness can be easily caused by overhigh temperature, and the root system germination speed is slow when the temperature is overlow.
6 Induction from shoot initiation. After the stem segments basically all root in 12-15 days, removing the covering film, if the sunshade net can be removed in rainy season, keeping 2000-4000 Lux illumination, and spraying 0.2 mg/L6-BA solution once to promote the lateral bud germination and growth of the stem segments.
The spraying time is selected to be evening, which is favorable for medicine absorption at night, and the 6-BA is easily decomposed under illumination, thereby reducing the medicine effect.
7, carrying out twig pruning and rapid propagation. After 4-5 weeks of treatment, at least 6-8 lateral buds can be generated on each stem segment, and the stems can grow to form uniform lateral branches with the height of about 4-8 cm. At the moment, tender shoots with the upper parts of 3-4 cm are cut, all the tender shoots are soaked in 1200 times of carbendazim for 3-5 minutes and then are thrown on a seedbed, a thickened sunshade net is arranged to reduce illumination, NAA does not need to be sprayed, and the air humidity of 30-50% is kept.
The humidity of air is 40%, and too high air humidity easily causes bud diseases, and too low air humidity easily causes dehydration and withering.
After the stem sections of the 8 Sedum plumbizincicola mother seedlings are pruned once, the illumination can be properly enhanced, the environment humidity is reduced, the wound healing is promoted, 0.2-0.5 mg/L6-BA can be sprayed 3-4 days later to promote the lateral buds to sprout, each stem section can sprout more than 10 lateral buds after one month, and the lateral buds are repeatedly cut according to the above method to carry out direct seeding seedling.
The concentration of 6-BA is preferably 0.5mg/L, the lateral bud induction effect is optimal, and the abnormal seedlings are formed because of the chemical injury easily caused by overhigh concentration.
The survival rate of the seedlings of the sedum plumbizincicola which are directly sown is about 80-90%, and when the seedlings slowly grow red roots after 15 days, 0.5mg/L NAA is sprayed. And removing the rear sunshade net after 3 days, increasing the illumination, promoting the growth of seedlings, and under the condition of proper illumination, the plant height of 40-day seedlings is 10-12 cm, so that the optimum transplanting standard is reached.
NAA is sprayed after the cut wounds of the sprouts are healed and the roots germinate to induce the rapid growth of the roots, and if the NAA is sprayed too early, the sprouts are easy to rot.
Transplanting seedlings by 10-12 cm, wherein the transplanting survival rate is influenced by too small seedlings, the seedling density is reduced by too large seedlings, and the seedling cost is increased.
Table 1 shows the difference between the prior art cutting seedling and the present invention direct seeding seedling;
TABLE 1
It will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that the examples described herein are intended to assist the reader in understanding the manner in which the invention is practiced, and it is to be understood that the scope of the invention is not limited to such specifically recited statements and examples. Those skilled in the art can make various other specific changes and combinations based on the teachings of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the invention, and these changes and combinations are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A simple direct seeding and seedling raising method for Sedum plumbizincicola is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, arranging a seedbed, paving grass prevention cloth in a greenhouse, building a simple seedbed by using a wood board with the width of 10cm, wherein the width of the seedbed is 1.2m, the depth of the seedbed is 10cm, the length of the seedbed is not limited, and paving a matrix for later use; the formula of the matrix is recorded as follows according to volume ratio: cow dung type wormcast: wood chip sawing: the peat is 3:4:2, and the water content of the matrix is 30-40% when the matrix is used;
step 2, selecting strong and disease and insect pest-free Sedum plumbizincicola as a mother seedling, cutting the overground part, removing large leaves after topping, and shearing the large leaves into stem sections of 3-5 cm;
step 3, soaking the stem sections for 3 minutes by using 1200 times of liquid carbendazim, uniformly throwing the stem sections on a substrate seedbed after drying, and arranging a sunshade net to avoid direct sunlight;
step 4, after direct seeding is completed, uniformly spraying 0.2-1.0 mg/L NAA to promote stem segments to rapidly root;
step 5, after NAA is sprayed for the first time, covering a layer of mulching film for moisturizing, and controlling the environmental humidity to be 60-70%, so that the absorption of the stem segments to the medicine is facilitated;
step 6, inducing the emergence of secondary buds, removing the mulching film after the stem segments basically all root in 12-15 days, if a sunshade net can be removed in rainy season, keeping the illumination at 2000-4000 Lux, spraying 0.2 mg/L6-BA solution once, and selecting the spraying time as evening to promote the germination and growth of the lateral buds on the stem segments;
step 7, carrying out twig pruning and rapid propagation, cutting out tender shoots with the upper parts of 3-4 cm after 4-5 weeks, soaking all tender shoots in 1200 times of carbendazim for 3-5 minutes, then throwing the tender shoots on a seedbed, arranging a thickened sun-shading net to reduce illumination, spraying NAA (naphthalene acetic acid) without spraying, and keeping 30-50% of air humidity;
8, enhancing illumination after pruning the stem sections of the rhodiola plumbata mother seedlings once, reducing the environmental humidity and promoting wound healing, spraying 0.2-0.5 mg/L6-BA 3-4 days later to promote lateral bud germination, sprouting more than 10 lateral buds per stem section after one month, and repeatedly shearing the lateral buds for direct seeding and seedling culture;
9, after 15 days, the seedlings grow red root tips, and 0.5mg/L NAA is sprayed at the moment; and removing the rear sunshade net after 3 days, increasing the illumination, promoting the growth of seedlings, and enabling the plant height to be 10-12 cm at the age of 40 days to reach the optimal transplanting standard.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: the preparation method of the substrate comprises the steps of uniformly mixing cow dung type wormcast, sawdust and grass peat according to the volume ratio of 3:4:2, watering, stacking for 3-5 weeks after the mixture is thoroughly wetted, and using the sawdust after fermentation sterilization and insect killing, wherein the diameter of the sawdust is 0.1-0.5 cm.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein: and 3, the sun-shading rate of the sun-shading net is 50%.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein: in the step 4, the NAA spraying concentration is 0.5-0.6 mg/L, the spraying is carried out on the 3 rd to 4 th days after the direct seeding is finished, the NAA is sprayed at least twice, and the NAA is sprayed once again one week after the first spraying.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein: in the step 5, the film covering time is 3-4 days after direct seeding, the film covering and the moisture preservation are carried out after NAA is sprayed, and the temperature in the seedbed film is controlled at 15-25 ℃.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein: the air humidity was maintained at 40% in step 7.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein: the concentration of 6-BA in step 8 is 0.5 mg/L.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein: in the step 9, NAA is sprayed to induce the rapid growth of the root system after the scion cut wound is healed and the root tip is germinated.
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| CN110679308A (en) * | 2019-11-07 | 2020-01-14 | 湖南省农业环境生态研究所 | Method for promoting sedum plumbizincicola cutting seedlings to rapidly root in acidic environment |
| CN114158364A (en) * | 2020-09-09 | 2022-03-11 | 深圳文科园林股份有限公司 | Sedum alfredii cutting propagation method |
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