CN102875207B - Method for preparing light matrix by using ageratina adenophora - Google Patents
Method for preparing light matrix by using ageratina adenophora Download PDFInfo
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- CN102875207B CN102875207B CN201210396689.5A CN201210396689A CN102875207B CN 102875207 B CN102875207 B CN 102875207B CN 201210396689 A CN201210396689 A CN 201210396689A CN 102875207 B CN102875207 B CN 102875207B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for preparing a light matrix by using ageratina adenophora, belonging to the field of a forestry biotechnology and aiming to provide the method for preparing the light matrix by using the ageratina adenophora. The technical scheme is that the method for preparing the light matrix by using the ageratina adenophora comprises the following steps of: a, mixing; and b, fermenting. According to the method, the ageratina adenophora is prepared into the light matrix for plant cultivation, and a new approach is provided for effective utilization of the ageratina adenophora.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of utilizing Hemp Eupatorium to prepare light matrix, belong to forestry biological technical field.
Background technology
Hemp Eupatorium (Ageratinaadenophora) is composite family perennial herb or undershrub, in originating in, Mexico to Costa Rica one of South America is with.Import the most southern Cang Yuan in Lincang Prefecture of Yunnan Province, Geng Madeng county in the forties in 20th century into by Burma, now in Yunnan of southwest, the provinces and regions such as Guizhou, Sichuan, Guangxi, Chongqing, Hubei, Tibet extensively distribute, and with southwester eastwards, north spreads.Up to the present, the soil of southwest 80% area has Hemp Eupatorium to distribute, and only the distribution area in Yunnan Province just reaches more than 250 ten thousand hectares.Due to the fecundity of Hemp Eupatorium, extremely strong to the adaptive faculty of environment, in the barren barren hill unoccupied place of arid, the top of a wall, Yan Kan, crack of stone all can grow, velocity of diffusion was about for 60 km/years.But Hemp Eupatorium has stronger toxicity, not even a blade of grass grows in place of arrival, and cattle and sheep are poisoning, havoc Vegetation community, and influence ecological environment, garden landscape and agriculture production, be called as " killer ", " No.1 instruction plant " in vegitabilia.
Carry out the comprehensive utilization of Hemp Eupatorium, realize becoming and dislike as precious, can control to a certain extent wantonly spreading of its wild resource, alleviate the destructiveness of Hemp Eupatorium to ecotope.For this reason, Chinese scholars is excavated the potentiality to be exploited of Hemp Eupatorium, as is developed to shaving board, gac, feed, fertilizer, dyestuff, agrochemical, but at present, does not also relate to the exploitation that utilizes Hemp Eupatorium to prepare light matrix.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of method of utilizing Hemp Eupatorium to prepare light matrix.
Technical scheme of the present invention is to utilize Hemp Eupatorium to prepare the method for light matrix, comprises the steps:
A, batch mixing: by Hemp Eupatorium crushed stalk to length the broken end in 1cm, mix with fertilizer, short rotten agent, add water and stir, make the water content of mixture 60～65%;
B, fermentation: the material that step a is mixed piles long strip shape heap body wide 1.5～2 meters, high 1～1.2 meter and ferments, after reaching 60～70 DEG C, heap temperature continues 7～15 days, when heap temperature drops to≤heap body spread out 40 DEG C time, dried material to water content is 20～40%, obtains light matrix; Wherein, between yeast phase, every 4～5 days stirrings once.
Wherein, the consumption of short rotten agent accounts for 0.01～0.02% of Hemp Eupatorium quality.
Wherein, the composition of described short rotten agent is the proteolytic enzyme of cellulase, the 55～65U/g of aspergillus tubigensis Aspergillusflavus, the 65～75U/g of Bacillus subtilis, 0.08～0.1 hundred million/gram of 75～9,500,000,000/gram, by weight containing 13～15% water, surplus is Semen Maydis powder, pH is 6.5-6.8, before using, short rotten agent is mixed by the mass ratio of 1 ︰ 10～15 with Grain Powder; Described Grain Powder is at least one in Semen Maydis powder, wheat flour, Fructus Hordei Vulgaris powder or rice meal.
Wherein, described fertilizer is at least one in urea, cinder powder or feces of livestock and poultry.
Concrete, described urea quality is 1～2% of Hemp Eupatorium quality.
Concrete, described feces of livestock and poultry quality is 10～40% of Hemp Eupatorium quality.
Concrete, described cinder opaque amount is 10～40% of Hemp Eupatorium quality.
Concrete, after fermentation to add in light matrix in cinder powder, 5～15% vegetable mould, 5～15% perlite or 5～15% the zeolite that accounts for light matrix quality 10～40% at least one.
Further, aforesaid method also comprises step c pack: light matrix is put into the mesh bag of being worked out by non-woven fabrics.
The present invention also provides the light matrix being prepared by aforesaid method.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
The inventive method adopts the short rotten agent taking high temperature microbe as main raw material to ferment, and Hemp Eupatorium is prepared as to light matrix, for plant growing, for effectively utilizing Hemp Eupatorium that a kind of new way is provided.The method is simple to operate, and cost is low, can also realize becoming and dislike as precious.The present invention, by the determining of Hemp Eupatorium seed fatal temperature, and then carries out choice and optimization to preparation process, provides new method and thinking for utilizing Hemp Eupatorium to prepare light matrix.Preparation method of the present invention has effectively controlled the allelopathy active ingredient (dihexyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, hydroxyl Herba Lycopi ketone, total flavones etc.) in Hemp Eupatorium raw material; Kill the seed in Hemp Eupatorium raw material; Keep the fertility composition (organic matter, N, P, K) in Hemp Eupatorium raw material.Show by experiment in cultivation, light substrate seedling efficiency that the inventive method is developed is high, seedling quality good, has broad application prospects.
Brief description of the drawings
Lower seed germination situation between Fig. 1,50～90 DEG C
Seed germination situation between Fig. 2,50～60 DEG C
Fig. 3, be followed successively by the soybean seedling of growing from left to right in the light matrix of embodiment 1, embodiment 2, embodiment 3
Fig. 4, be followed successively by the corn seedling of growing from left to right in the light matrix of embodiment 1, embodiment 2, embodiment 3
Embodiment
The Herba Lycopi of utilization of the present invention prepares the method for the light matrix of mesh bag, comprises the steps:
A, batch mixing: by Hemp Eupatorium crushed stalk to length the broken end in 1cm, mix with fertilizer, short rotten agent, add water and stir, make the water content of mixture 60～65%;
B, fermentation: the material that step a is mixed piles long strip shape heap body wide 1.5～2 meters, high 1～1.2 meter and ferments, after reaching 60～70 DEG C, heap temperature continues 7～15 days, when heap temperature drops to≤heap body spread out 40 DEG C time, dried material to water content is 20～40%, obtains light matrix; Wherein, between yeast phase, every 4～5 days stirrings once.
Wherein, the consumption of short rotten agent accounts for 0.01～0.02% of Hemp Eupatorium quality.
Wherein, the composition of described short rotten agent is the proteolytic enzyme of cellulase, the 55～65U/g of aspergillus tubigensis Aspergillusflavus, the 65～75U/g of Bacillus subtilis, 0.08～0.1 hundred million/gram of 75～9,500,000,000/gram, by weight containing 13～15% water, surplus is Semen Maydis powder, pH is 6.5-6.8, before using, short rotten agent is mixed by the mass ratio of 1 ︰ 10～15 with Grain Powder; Described Grain Powder is at least one in Semen Maydis powder, wheat flour, Fructus Hordei Vulgaris powder or rice meal.
Wherein, described fertilizer is at least one in urea, cinder powder or feces of livestock and poultry.
Concrete, described urea quality is 1～2% of Hemp Eupatorium quality.
Concrete, described feces of livestock and poultry quality is 10～40% of Hemp Eupatorium quality.
Concrete, described cinder opaque amount is 10～40% of Hemp Eupatorium quality.
Concrete, after fermentation to add in light matrix in cinder powder, 5～15% vegetable mould, 5～25% perlite or 5～25% the zeolite that accounts for light matrix quality 10～40% at least one.
Further, aforesaid method also comprises step c pack: light matrix is put into the mesh bag of being worked out by non-woven fabrics.
The present invention also provides the light matrix being prepared by aforesaid method.
In Hemp Eupatorium, the biological activity main manifestations of toxic substance is desinsection, antibacterial and suppress the allelopathy (inhibition or promoter action that some chemical substance of plant secretion produces the growth of other plant) etc. of periphery plant-growth.Therefore, the allelopathy active ingredient (flavonoid compound such as dihexyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, hydroxyl Herba Lycopi ketone) that must suppress periphery plant-growth to it in preparation process is strictly controlled, to guarantee the security of light matrix.Meanwhile, if be mixed with mature seed in Hemp Eupatorium raw material, also can affect the result of use of light matrix, therefore in preparation process, Hemp Eupatorium seed need be killed, prevent seed germination.
Contriver studies discovery by experiment, and the fatal temperature of Hemp Eupatorium seed is 58 DEG C.Therefore, in the present invention, contriver has selected to be rich in the short rotten agent of high temperature microbe (subtilis, aspergillus tubigensis) and enzyme (cellulase and proteolytic enzyme).By the fermentative action of subtilis and aspergillus tubigensis, the enzymolysis of cellulase and proteolytic enzyme, thus make Hemp Eupatorium straw decomposing.Cellulase is the prozyme that has producing bacillus subtilis raw; Proteolytic enzyme is mainly produced by aspergillus tubigensis.
In addition, in the preparation process of light matrix, also must obtain the fertility compositions such as higher organic matter, N, P, K, guarantee the quality of light matrix.
Therefore, consider above-mentioned factor, contriver finds through many experiments research, leavening temperature is controlled to 60～70 DEG C, can kill the seed of Hemp Eupatorium, degraded dihexyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, hydroxyl Herba Lycopi ketone etc. cause the material of allelopathy, can ensure that again organic matter is not decomposed simultaneously, do not affect fertility composition.
What in the present invention, play a major role is subtilis and aspergillus tubigensis.Very little, fermentation calefaction speed is slow for the consumption of short rotten agent, and ferment effect is poor; Consumption not only can cause waste too much, and leavening temperature is too high, and the organic content in fermentation batch mixing is had a certain impact.
For proper environment being provided to the high temperature microbe in short rotten agent, contriver is further studied the control of water content in mixing of materials process.Contriver finds through overtesting, the water content of material be controlled at 60～65%(hand pinch agglomerating, finger seam water breakthrough, but do not drip, after loosing one's grip, one touch loose) be conducive to high temperature microbe most and play a role.In addition,, to the fertility of adding fertilizer (urea, cinder powder or feces of livestock and poultry) in material and can improve on the one hand the light matrix of gained, also help simultaneously and promote becoming thoroughly decomposed of Hemp Eupatorium.Contriver finds through many experiments, and urea guality control is 1～2% of Hemp Eupatorium quality, and feces of livestock and poultry quality is 10～40% of Hemp Eupatorium quality, and cinder opaque amount is the fertility that 10～40% of Hemp Eupatorium quality can ensure the light matrix of gained.
Contriver finds in test, and according to wide 1.5～2 meters, the specification of high 1～1.2 meter, by after the bank body in heaps mixing, generally, in 3 days, heap temperature can be increased to 60～70 DEG C.Because temperature-rise period is also the process of slowly fermenting, if heap body specification is excessive, may cause piling body centre temperature and raise fast so that exceed 70 DEG C, and peripheral temperature is inadequate, causes intensification inhomogeneous; Slow if heated up, can make the whole production cycle extend, increase production cost.
The temperature of heap body is increased to 60～70 DEG C and maintains after 7～10 days, and heap temperature starts to decline, and enters slow fermentation.Temperature-fall period generally needs about one week.Treat that temperature is down to below 40 DEG C, fermentation completes.Material is paved, and thickness is 15～20cm, keeps ventilating, short its seasoning.After surperficial dry materials, turn over 1 time, make internal layer and outer field material transposition, make its dry fully to moisture content be 20～40%, water content is too low, in cultivation, water requirement is large, water content is too high, easy infection miscellaneous bacteria in preservation process.
During the fermentation, preferably heap temperature is monitored, can be at every mornings 10 point, afternoons 4 point, evenings 10 point measurement heap temperature.In the time measuring temperature, be preferably in same level position (piling 1/2 high place is advisable) and carry out, thermometer level is inserted in heap body, depth of penetration is in 15cm left and right.Guarantee in composting 3 days, temperature rise to 60～70 DEG C of heap body, and maintain more than 10 days.According to wide 1.5～2 meters, the specification of high 1～1.2 meter, by after the bank body in heaps mixing, generally, in 3 days, heap temperature can be increased to 60～70 DEG C.If heap body heats up slow or temperature is lower, can on heap body, cover gunnysack or heap body both sides coating film, and offer breather hole on heap body, promote the aerobic fermentation of heap body material.
In the present invention, stirring can adopt artificial or stack turner to carry out operation, its objective is the activity in order to ensure aerobic bacteria, improves the aeration status in heap body, regulates internal moisture, distributes waste gas, promotes the decomposition active of heap internal microorganism; Prevent that temperature from exceeding 70 DEG C, by organic matter decomposition, fertility composition reduces simultaneously.
Becoming thoroughly decomposed in material, add appropriate cinder powder, vegetable mould, perlite or zeolite etc., can play fertility slowly-releasing, supplement or reconcile the effect of the fertility composition of light matrix.
Light base material mesh bag seeding raising technology is a kind of Balanced Root System seeding raising technology.The major advantage of this technology is as follows: (1) seedling root is grown nature, there will not be around root, has improved resistance and the speed of growth of nursery stock.(2) transplanting survival rate of nursery stocks is high, because non-woven container seedling can loosely not come off, and has the matrix of higher fertilizer, and nursery stock also has longer phase buffer after transplanting, even if in arid or desert area, transplanting survival rate is also higher.(3) after transplanted seedling tree, do not restrain the growth of seedlings, direct growth, has improved benefit.(4) nursery stock transplanting efficiency is high.Common plastics bag seedling, must remove plastics bag when transplanting, when hard plastic tube container seedling is transplanted, also must reclaim, and workload is larger, and cost is higher.Light base material mesh bag seedling has saved container removal, has reclaimed supervisor in the time transplanting, and efficiency significantly improves.(5) in light matrix, can be furnished with slow-release fertilizer, can meet the growth of nursery stock about 3 months, be applicable to soilless culture.(6) can reduce environmental pollution, after nursery stock transplanting, non-woven fabrics can be degraded voluntarily, has reduced the environmental pollution that common plastics bag brings.Light base material mesh bag seeding raising technology can be applicable to breeding of farm crop, forest, fruit tree, vegetables and flowers, brings larger ecology and economic benefit.Because the wild resource of Hemp Eupatorium is quite sufficient, potential economic benefit and the ecological benefits of preparing the light matrix of mesh bag are very huge.Therefore, preferably dry light matrix is put in the mesh bag of being worked out by non-woven fabrics and used in the present invention.This non-woven fabrics mesh bag has pollution-free, degradable.In plant growing process, along with the growth of plant, mesh bag starts degraded, does not pollute the environment; Be conducive to plant root system development nature, there will not be around root, improved resistance and the speed of growth of nursery stock; It is convenient to transplant, and common plastics bag seedling, must remove plastics bag when transplanting, when hard plastic tube container seedling is transplanted, also must reclaim, and workload is larger, and cost is higher.
In following embodiment, use short rotten agent for the short rotten agent (250g) of the sell goods Rw on market, producer is Hebi, Henan Ren Yuan biotech development company limited.
Test example 1 Hemp Eupatorium seed fatal temperature test
The seed of choosing Hemp Eupatorium boils 1h respectively in the water-bath of 50 DEG C, 60 DEG C, 70 DEG C, 80 DEG C, 90 DEG C, afterwards the seed of preheating is taken out and put into the seedling bed that soil is housed and cultivate, in cultivating process, observe seed germination situation every day, adds up the number of shoots of each group.Each temperature of test design is cultivated 50 seeds, repeats 3 tests (result shown in Fig. 1 is the mean value of 3 tests), and sprouting test observation time is 15 days.The results are shown in Figure 1.As can be seen from Figure 1, seed, 50 DEG C of sproutings, is not sprouted for 60 DEG C above, can show that Hemp Eupatorium seed fatal temperature is between 50～60 DEG C.
Show that according to above-mentioned test-results Hemp Eupatorium seed fatal temperature is between 50～60 DEG C, for more accurate fatal temperature, seed is placed in to water-bath and boils 1 hour, Temperature Setting is 52 DEG C, 54 DEG C, 56 DEG C, 58 DEG C.Afterwards the seed of preheating is taken out and put into the seedling bed that soil is housed and cultivate, in cultivating process, observe seed germination situation every day, adds up the number of shoots of each group.Each temperature of test design is cultivated 50 seeds, repeats 3 tests (result shown in Fig. 2 is the mean value of 3 tests), and sprouting test observation time is 15 days.The results are shown in Figure 2.As can be seen from Figure 2, seed also has and sprouts at 52 DEG C, 54 DEG C and 56 DEG C, does not sprout for 58 DEG C, can show that Hemp Eupatorium seed fatal temperature is 58 DEG C.
Embodiment 1 adopts the present invention to prepare the light matrix of Hemp Eupatorium
(1) pulverize: by Hemp Eupatorium crushed stalk to length the broken end in 1cm, be stacked on smooth concrete floor.
(2) batch mixing: 850kg Hemp Eupatorium comminuting matter is mixed with 100kg feces of livestock and poultry, then weigh the short rotten agent of 100g and mix with 1000g Semen Maydis powder, mix in the mixture of Hemp Eupatorium and feces of livestock and poultry.Then, add the about 50kg of clear water, make the water content of mixture reach 60～65%(grasp, hand is pinched agglomerating, finger seam water breakthrough, but do not drip, after loosing one's grip, one is tactile loose), finally the mixture preparing is fed to stirrer and stir.
(3) fermentation composting: the mixture being stirred is piled to wide 1.5 meters, high 1.2 meters rectangular, cover hessian cloth (or heap body both sides coating film) above and carry out aerobic fermentation composting.
(4) monitoring heap temperature: every mornings 10 point, afternoons 4 point, evenings 10 point measurement record heap temperature, composting the 3rd day, the temperature of heap body is increased to 60～70 DEG C and lasting 11 days, this process is the Hemp Eupatorium allelopathy active ingredient in degradation of mixture material effectively, can kill again the seed in Hemp Eupatorium material.After composting 2 weeks, heap temperature drops to below 40 DEG C, heap body can be spread out to dried material.
(5) turning: in the time of composting 4 days, heap temperature reaches 70 DEG C, carries out the 1st turning, to improve the aeration status in heap body, regulates internal moisture, distributes waste gas, promotes the decomposition active of heap internal microorganism, prevents excess Temperature simultaneously, and organic matter is decomposed.After this every turning in 4 days 1 time.When turning, the material (degree of becoming thoroughly decomposed is low) of being piled to surface the last time is placed in heap body middle part, and short its becomes thoroughly decomposed.
(6) dry: treat that heap temperature drops to below 40 DEG C, pave heap body material, thickness is 15cm left and right, keep ventilating, short its seasoning.After surperficial dry materials, turning 1 time, makes internal layer and outer field material transposition, make its dry fully to moisture content be 30% left and right, obtain light matrix.
(7) in light matrix, add the perlite that accounts for light matrix quality 15%, mix.
(8) pack: said mixture material is put into the mesh bag that the diameter of being worked out by non-woven fabrics is 45mm, complete the preparation of the light matrix of Hemp Eupatorium.
Embodiment 2 adopts the present invention to prepare the light matrix of Hemp Eupatorium
(1) pulverize: by Hemp Eupatorium crushed stalk to length the broken end in 1cm, be stacked on smooth concrete floor.
(2) batch mixing: 850kg Hemp Eupatorium comminuting matter is mixed with 90kg cinder powder, 10kg urea, then weigh the short rotten agent of 100g and mix with 1000g Semen Maydis powder, mix in the mixture of Hemp Eupatorium and cinder powder, urea.Then, add the about 50kg of clear water, make the water content of mixture reach 60～65%(grasp, hand is pinched agglomerating, finger seam water breakthrough, but do not drip, after loosing one's grip, one is tactile loose), finally the mixture preparing is fed to stirrer and stir.
(3) fermentation composting: the mixture being stirred is piled to wide 1.5 meters, high 1.2 meters rectangular, cover hessian cloth (or heap body both sides coating film) above and carry out aerobic fermentation composting.
(4) monitoring heap temperature: every mornings 10 point, afternoons 4 point, evenings 10 point measurement record heap temperature, composting the 3rd day, the temperature of heap body is increased to 60～70 DEG C and maintain 12 days, the Hemp Eupatorium allelopathy active ingredient in mixture can be effectively controlled, the seed in Hemp Eupatorium material can be killed again.After this, heap temperature starts to decline, and treats that heap temperature drops to below 40 DEG C, spreads heap body out dried material.
(5) turning: in the time of composting 5 days, carry out the 1st turning, to improve the aeration status in heap body, regulate internal moisture, distribute waste gas, promote the decomposition active of heap internal microorganism, prevent excess Temperature simultaneously, cause organic matter decomposition.After this every turning in 4 days 1 time.When turning, the material (degree of becoming thoroughly decomposed is low) of being piled to surface the last time is placed in heap body middle part, and short its becomes thoroughly decomposed.
(6) dry: in the time that heap temperature drops to 40 DEG C of left and right, pave heap body material, thickness is 15cm left and right, keep ventilating, short its seasoning.After surperficial dry materials, turning 1 time, makes internal layer and outer field material transposition, make its dry fully to moisture content be 36% left and right, obtain light matrix.
(7) in light matrix, add the zeolite that accounts for light matrix quality 20%, mix.
(8) pack: said mixture material is put into the mesh bag that the diameter of being worked out by non-woven fabrics is 35mm, complete the preparation of the light matrix of Hemp Eupatorium.
Embodiment 3 adopts the present invention to prepare the light matrix of Hemp Eupatorium
(1) pulverize: by Hemp Eupatorium crushed stalk to length the broken end in 2cm, be stacked on smooth concrete floor.
(2) batch mixing: 950kg Hemp Eupatorium comminuting matter is mixed with 10kg urea, then weigh the short rotten agent of 100g and mix with 1000g Semen Maydis powder, mix in the mixture of Hemp Eupatorium and urea.Then, add the about 40kg of clear water, make the water content of mixture reach 60～65%(grasp, hand is pinched agglomerating, finger seam water breakthrough, but do not drip, after loosing one's grip, one is tactile loose), finally the mixture preparing is fed to stirrer and stir.
(3) fermentation composting: the mixture being stirred is piled to the rectangular of wide 1.5 meters, high 1.2 meters of left and right, cover hessian cloth (or heap body both sides coating film) above and carry out aerobic fermentation composting.
(4) monitoring heap temperature: every mornings 10 point, afternoons 4 point, evenings 10 point measurement record heap temperature, in composting 3 days, the temperature of heap body can be increased to 60～70 DEG C, maintain 10 days, the Hemp Eupatorium allelopathy active ingredient in mixture can be effectively controlled, the seed in Hemp Eupatorium material can be killed again.After composting two weeks, heap temperature drops to below 40 DEG C, heap body can be spread out to dried material.
(5) turning: in the time of composting 5 days, carry out the 1st turning, to improve the aeration status in heap body, regulate internal moisture, distribute waste gas, promote the decomposition active of heap internal microorganism, prevent excess Temperature simultaneously, cause organic matter decomposition.After this every turning in 4～5 days 1 time.When turning, the material (degree of becoming thoroughly decomposed is low) of being piled to surface the last time is placed in heap body middle part, and short its becomes thoroughly decomposed.
(6) dry: in the time that heap temperature drops to below 40 DEG C, pave heap body material, thickness is 15～20cm, keeps ventilating, short its seasoning.After surperficial dry materials, turning 1 time, makes internal layer and outer field material transposition, make its dry fully to moisture content be 30% left and right, obtain light matrix.
(7) light matrix is mixed according to the ratio of 4 ︰ 1 with cinder powder.
(8) pack: said mixture material is put into the mesh bag that the diameter of being worked out by non-woven fabrics is 45mm, complete the preparation of the light matrix of Hemp Eupatorium.
Taking the Hemp Eupatorium raw material without the fermentation of becoming thoroughly decomposed as contrast, detect the chemical composition content of embodiment 1～3 preparation-obtained light matrix, the results are shown in Table 1.The measuring method of N, P, K, organic matter is with reference to " the agricultural industry criteria NY525-2012 of the People's Republic of China (PRC) ", Determination Method of Flavone Content reference be " the agricultural industry criteria NY1295-2007 of the People's Republic of China (PRC) ", dibutyl phthalate and dihexyl phthalate adopt gas chromatography to measure, what the assay of 9～hydroxyl Herba Lycopi ketone adopted is that efficient liquid-phase chromatography method (HPLC) is measured, and all measures in Institute of Analysis of Yunnan Province (institute) above.
9～hydroxyl Herba Lycopi ketone HPLC measuring method: sample thief 0.5g left and right, add 10mL methyl alcohol, ultrasonic extraction 20min, filters, and analyzes.Chromatographic condition: C
18post, detects wavelength UV254nm, moving phase: methyl alcohol/pure water=80:20(8min), 100:0(13min), flow velocity 1.0mL/min, sample size 10 μ L, 20 DEG C of temperature.
The Gas Chromatographic Method of phthalate content: sample thief 0.5g, add normal hexane 5mL, ultrasonic 20min, soaks 2h, and with membrane filtration, filtrate is analyzed for GC.Chromatographic condition: injection port: 250 DEG C of gasification temperatures, carrier gas N
2pressure 6.6psi, does not shunt; Chromatographic column: DA-5(30m × 0.32mm × 0.25 μ m), constant current mode 1.0mL/min; Column temperature: 120 DEG C of initial temperatures, keep 1min, be elevated to 220 DEG C with the heat-up rate of 10 DEG C/min, keep 12min, then be elevated to 260 DEG C with the heat-up rate of 20 DEG C/min, keep 3min, finally be elevated to 280 DEG C with the heat-up rate of 30 DEG C/min, keep 15min; Detector: FID, 300 DEG C, H
2flow velocity is 30mL/min, and air velocity is 300mL/min, and tail blows N
2flow velocity is 10mL/min.
Fertility composition and the toxic substance of the light matrix of table 1
Detected result shows (table 1), with without become thoroughly decomposed fermentation Hemp Eupatorium raw material compare, light matrix in embodiment has effectively been controlled the allelopathy active ingredient (content of dihexyl phthalate, total flavones, hydroxyl Herba Lycopi ketone obviously lowers, and dibutyl phthalate is eliminated completely) in Hemp Eupatorium raw material; Keep the fertility composition (organic matter, N, P, K) in Hemp Eupatorium raw material; Thoroughly kill the seed in Hemp Eupatorium raw material.
Test example 2 experiments in cultivation
Cultivation process and data are as follows:
(1) cultivation process
Taking the seed of corn and soybean as sample, taking the Hemp Eupatorium bagging that do not become thoroughly decomposed as contrast, adopt the light matrix in embodiment 1～3 to do sprouting test, experiment duration is 15 days.The results are shown in Table 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4.
(2) cultivation data
Table 2 experiment in cultivation
After 15 days, the result that seed germination grows up has trial sheet data can obtain (table 2), soybean in embodiment 1～3 and Course of Corn Seed Germination rate are better, and the soybean and the corn seed that do not become thoroughly decomposed in Hemp Eupatorium bagging are not all sprouted, this is owing to containing a large amount of toxic substances with allelopathy in the Hemp Eupatorium of not becoming thoroughly decomposed, having suppressed the sprouting of seed.
Experiment in cultivation shows (Fig. 3 and Fig. 4), and the preparation-obtained light substrate seedling efficiency of embodiment 1～3 is high, seedling root quality is good, can realize becoming and dislike as precious, has great potentiality to be exploited.
Claims (4)
1. utilize Hemp Eupatorium to prepare the method for light matrix, it is characterized in that: comprise the steps:
A, batch mixing: by Hemp Eupatorium crushed stalk to length the broken end in 1cm, mix with fertilizer, short rotten agent, add water and stir, make the water content of mixture 60～65%; The composition of described short rotten agent is the proteolytic enzyme of cellulase, the 55～65U/g of aspergillus tubigensis Aspergillusflavus, the 65～75U/g of Bacillus subtilis, 0.08～0.1 hundred million/gram of 75～9,500,000,000/gram, by weight containing 13～15% water, surplus is Semen Maydis powder, pH is 6.5-6.8, before using, short rotten agent is mixed by the mass ratio of 1 ︰ 10～15 with Grain Powder; Described Grain Powder is at least one in Semen Maydis powder, wheat flour, Fructus Hordei Vulgaris powder or rice meal; The consumption of short rotten agent accounts for 0.01～0.02% of Hemp Eupatorium quality; Fertilizer is at least one in urea, cinder powder or feces of livestock and poultry, described urea quality is 1～2% of Hemp Eupatorium quality, described feces of livestock and poultry quality is 10～40% of Hemp Eupatorium quality, and described cinder opaque amount is 10～40% of Hemp Eupatorium quality;
B, fermentation: the material that step a is mixed piles heap body wide 1.5～2 meters, high 1～1.2 meter and ferments, after reaching 60～70 DEG C, heap temperature continues 7～15 days, when heap temperature drops to≤heap body spread out 40 DEG C time, dried material to water content is 20～40%, obtains light matrix; Wherein, between yeast phase, every 4～5 days stirrings once.
2. the method for utilizing Hemp Eupatorium to prepare light matrix according to claim 1, is characterized in that: after fermentation to add in light matrix in cinder powder, 5～15% vegetable mould, 5～25% perlite or 5～25% the zeolite that accounts for light matrix quality 10～40% at least one.
3. the method for utilizing Hemp Eupatorium to prepare light matrix according to claim 2, is characterized in that: aforesaid method also comprises step c pack: light matrix is put into the mesh bag of being worked out by non-woven fabrics.
4. light matrix, is characterized in that: prepared by the method described in claim 1～3 any one.
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| CN103694020B (en) * | 2013-12-11 | 2015-06-10 | 攀枝花市西宇生物科技有限公司 | Comprehensive utilization process for ageratina adenophora |
| CN104557272B (en) * | 2014-12-22 | 2017-06-13 | 攀枝花市西宇生物科技有限公司 | The method that packed Controlled Release Fertilizer is prepared using Eupatorium adenophorum |
| CN107867938A (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2018-04-03 | 融安县浪溪河谷金桔开发有限责任公司 | A kind of annual fleabane herb organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
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