CN102167631A - Plug seedling matrix and application thereof - Google Patents
Plug seedling matrix and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102167631A CN102167631A CN2010106023992A CN201010602399A CN102167631A CN 102167631 A CN102167631 A CN 102167631A CN 2010106023992 A CN2010106023992 A CN 2010106023992A CN 201010602399 A CN201010602399 A CN 201010602399A CN 102167631 A CN102167631 A CN 102167631A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The invention discloses a plug seedling matrix and application thereof. The plug seedling matrix is formed by mixing edible mushroom residual fertilizer, turf and vermiculite. The preparation method of the edible mushroom residual fertilizer comprises the steps of mixing edible mushroom residuals with agricultural waste to obtain a mixture; and composting the mixture to obtain a composting product, i.e. the fertilizer. The edible mushroom residual is taken as a fertilizer source of the seedling matrix and is mixed with the turf, the vermiculite and the like according to different proportions to develop the manual matrix which is suitable for plant plug seedling. The matrix improves the growth index of tomato seedlings, is more beneficial to the growth of the seedlings, and has economic benefits. Meanwhile, some turf is replaced by the matrix, the problem of shortage of turf resource quantity is solved, and the production waste edible mushroom residual is effectively taken as the fertilizer source for reuse, so that the environment pressure is reduced, and the invention is good in both economic benefit and environmental benefit.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to plug seedling substrate and application thereof in the cultivation field.
Background technology
The organic ecological soilless culture technology is meant without natural soil, and use matrix; Nutrition liquid irrigation root system of plant that need not be traditional, organic solid-state is fertile also directly to come a kind of cultivation technique without soil of irrigated crop with clear water and use.The unique distinction of organic ecological soilless culture technology is with the traditional nutritive medium of the fertile replacement of organic solid-state, thereby the organic ecological soilless culture technology is except the advantage that possesses general soilless culture, also have characteristics such as disposable operating cost is low, operational administrative simple, liquid effluent environmentally safe, superior product quality, be fit to very much the present national conditions of China.
In recent years, the rapid propagation in factory technology becomes the gordian technique that scale vegetable is produced, and vegetables are pollution-free, safety, high quality seedling produce to producing the important assurance of pollution-free vegetable.The key of industrial seedling rearing is exactly the artificial substratum technology, industrial seedling rearing mainly adopts the peat composed of rotten mosses as organic materials at present, because the peat composed of rotten mosses is Nonrenewable resources, reserves are limited, a large amount of exploitations cause serious destruction to the ecotope of acquisition zone, therefore utilize organic waste to replace the peat composed of rotten mosses and nutritional formula technology to become the focus that countries in the world are paid close attention to.
Edible fungi residues is the tankage that produce after edible fungus culturing is gathered, and according to statistics, all kinds of edible fungi residues of China's generation in 2008 because the edible fungi residues utilization is difficult, very easily cause environmental pollution near more than 3,000 ten thousand tons.He result of investigation according to the 2009-2010 of China Agricultural University shows, the utilization ratio less than 50% of waste bacterial slag, and the efficient circulation utilization of waste bacterial slag becomes the subject matter that solution is badly in need of in the planting edible mushroom district.Contain the nutritive element and the active substance that are of value to plant-growth in a large number in the edible fungi residues, also contain a large amount of trace elements simultaneously.Therefore, rationally utilize edible fungi residues not only can bring economic benefit, but also have social benefit.
Summary of the invention
An object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method for preparing fertilizer.
The method for preparing fertilizer provided by the present invention comprises the steps:
The edible mushrooms residue is mixed with agricultural wastes, obtain mixture, mixture is carried out compost, obtain the compost product, promptly obtain fertilizer.
Described agricultural wastes are agricultural crop straw, feces of livestock and poultry and/or branch;
Before the described compost, comprise in described mixture, adding the step of compost with microbial inoculum;
The carbon-nitrogen ratio of described mixture is C: N=(15-20): 1 or 15: 1 or 18: 1 or 20: 1.
Described compost is 3 with the mass ratio of microbial inoculum and described mixture: 1000-5: 1000 or 3: 1000 or 4: 1000 or 5: 1000;
Described compost is yeast and/or subtilis with the activeconstituents of microbial inoculum;
Described compost microbial inoculum is a VT-1000 compost Inoculant, available from Beijing Voto Sky ﹠ Land Biotech Co., Ltd.;
Described compost carries out under the temperature of 20 ℃-30 ℃ or 20 ℃ or 25 ℃ or 30 ℃;
The time of described compost is 15 days-40 days or 15 days or 30 days or 40 days;
In the described composting process, twice, twice pitch time of turning every day is 6 hours-8 hours or 6 hours or 7 hours or 8 hours;
The germination index of described compost product is 60%-80% or 60% or 70% or 80%.
Dry and the pulverizing with described compost product; Described exsiccant method is for being 60 ℃-70 ℃ or 60 ℃ or 65 ℃ or 70 ℃ of oven dry in temperature, and the water content that makes described compost product is smaller or equal to 15%.
Described edible mushrooms residue is mushroom residue, flat mushroom residue or mushroom residue;
Described agricultural crop straw is maize straw, wheat stalk or rice straw.
The fertilizer that is obtained by method for preparing also belongs to protection scope of the present invention.
Another purpose of the present invention provides a kind of vegetable plug seedling substrate.
Vegetable plug seedling substrate provided by the present invention is to be mixed by described fertilizer, the peat composed of rotten mosses and vermiculite.
The pH value of described vegetable plug seedling substrate is 5.5-6.5 or 5.5 or 6.0 or 6.5;
The EC value of described vegetable plug seedling substrate is 6ms/cm-7ms/cm or 6ms/cm or 6.5ms/cm or 7ms/cm;
The organic content of described vegetable plug seedling substrate is 25%-35% or 25% or 30% or 35%;
Total nitrogen content is 1.0%-2.0% or 1.0% or 1.5% or 2.0% in the described vegetable plug seedling substrate;
Content of tatal phosphorus is 4.0%-5.0% or 4.0% or 4.5% or 5.0% in the described vegetable plug seedling substrate;
Full potassium content is 1.0%-2.0% or 1.0% or 1.5% or 2.0% in the described vegetable plug seedling substrate.
Described vegetables are tomato.
Described fertilizer provided by the present invention or the application of described vegetable plug seedling substrate in grow seedlings of vegetable also belong to protection scope of the present invention.
The present invention utilizes the source of manure of edible mushrooms residue as seedling medium, presses the different ratios preparation with the peat composed of rotten mosses, vermiculite etc., has developed suitable plant plug seedling substrate.Edible mushrooms residue fertilizer not only can improve the quality of plantling, and can also reduce nitrate to a certain extent in the intravital accumulation of plant, improves quality; Can also reduce simultaneously the incidence of plant pest, and then reduce the input of agrochemicals such as agricultural chemicals, for Gao You, high-quality vegetables provide support.This matrix is easy to use, has reduced processes such as adding nutritive medium in the seedling raising process, has improved breeding efficiency greatly; This matrix has improved the growth indexes of tomato seedling, more is of value to growth of seedlings, has economic benefit.This matrix has replaced the part peat composed of rotten mosses simultaneously, can reduce the production cost of artificial substratum and seedling; This matrix has also been protected the on-site ecotope of peat composed of rotten mosses resource effectively; solved peat composed of rotten mosses stock number problem of shortage; effectively will produce refuse edible mushrooms residue again and utilize once more, thereby alleviate environmental stress, realize the doulbe-sides' victory of economy and environmental benefit as a kind of source of manure.
Embodiment
Employed experimental technique is ordinary method if no special instructions among the following embodiment.
Used material, reagent etc. if no special instructions, all can obtain from commercial channels among the following embodiment.
Embodiment 1, preparation flat mushroom residue fertilizer
Method I
Prepare flat mushroom residue fertilizer according to the method that comprises the steps:
Is 1: 1 mixed with flat mushroom residue (being provided by prosperous Xing Hanyao agricultural biotechnology limited liability company) and maize straw according to mass ratio, obtains mixture, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio of mixture is 15: 1; Add VT-1000 compost Inoculant (available from Beijing Voto Sky ﹠ Land Biotech Co., Ltd.) in this mixture, the mass ratio of described VT-1000 compost Inoculant and described mixture is 3: 1000, and the adding method is for evenly being sprayed at the surface of mixture; The mixture that will add VT-1000 compost Inoculant is then banked up under 20 ℃ temperature; Twice, twice pitch time of turning every day is 6 hours; The time of banking up obtains the compost product 15 days (this moment, the germination index of composting production was 60%), promptly obtains fertilizer.
The above-mentioned compost product that obtains is carried out drying, and being specially in temperature is 60 ℃ of oven dry, and the water content of described compost product is reduced to below 15%, pulverizes with pulverizer then, after the 1mm square hole sieve, promptly obtains flat mushroom residue fertilizer after stirring evenly.
The germination index of composting production (GI value) measuring method is: get the bright sample of 5g compost and add 50ml distilled water, vibration 1h, filter, draw 5ml filtrate, be added in the 9cm culture dish that is covered with 2 filter paper, each culture dish is evenly put 20 wheat seeds, behind 30 ℃ of following cultivation 48h, it is long to measure percentage of germination and root, and each is handled and repeats 3 times.With distilled water is contrast.
Germination index (GI value) calculation formula:
Method II
Prepare flat mushroom residue fertilizer according to the method that comprises the steps:
Is 1.5: 1 mixed with flat mushroom residue and wheat stalk according to mass ratio, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio of mixture is 18: 1; Add VT-1000 compost Inoculant in this mixture, the mass ratio of described VT-1000 compost Inoculant and described mixture is 4: 1000, and the adding method is for evenly being sprayed at the surface of mixture; The mixture that will add VT-1000 compost Inoculant is then banked up under 25 ℃ temperature; Twice, twice pitch time of turning every day is 7 hours; The time of banking up obtains the compost product at 30 days (germination index 70% of composting production at this moment), promptly obtains fertilizer.
The above-mentioned compost product that obtains is carried out drying, and being specially in temperature is 65 ℃ of oven dry, and the water content of described compost product is reduced to below 15%, pulverizes with pulverizer then, after the 1mm square hole sieve, promptly obtains flat mushroom residue fertilizer after stirring evenly.
Method III
Prepare flat mushroom residue fertilizer according to the method that comprises the steps:
Is 2: 1 mixed with flat mushroom residue and rice straw according to mass ratio, obtains mixture, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio of mixture is 20: 1; Add VT-1000 compost Inoculant in this mixture, the mass ratio of described VT-1000 compost Inoculant and described mixture is 4: 1000, and the adding method is for evenly being sprayed at the surface of mixture; The mixture that will add VT-1000 compost Inoculant is then banked up under 30 ℃ temperature; Twice, twice pitch time of turning every day is 8 hours; The time of banking up obtains the compost product at 40 days (germination index 80% of composting production at this moment), promptly obtains fertilizer.
The above-mentioned compost product that obtains is carried out drying, and being specially in temperature is 70 ℃ of oven dry, and the water content of described compost product is reduced to below 15%, pulverizes with pulverizer then, after the 1mm square hole sieve, promptly obtains flat mushroom residue fertilizer after stirring evenly.
Embodiment 2, preparation mushroom residue fertilizer
Method I
Prepare mushroom residue fertilizer according to the method that comprises the steps:
Is 1: 1.5 mixed with mushroom residue (being provided by prosperous Xing Hanyao agricultural biotechnology limited liability company) and pig manure according to mass ratio, obtains mixture, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio of mixture is 15: 1; Add VT-1000 compost Inoculant in this mixture, the mass ratio of described VT-1000 compost Inoculant and described mixture is 3: 1000, and the adding method is for evenly being sprayed at the surface of mixture; The mixture that will add VT-1000 compost Inoculant is then banked up under 20 ℃ temperature; Twice, twice pitch time of turning every day is 6 hours; The time of banking up obtains the compost product 15 days (this moment, the germination index of composting production was 60%), promptly obtains fertilizer.
The above-mentioned compost product that obtains is carried out drying, and being specially in temperature is 60 ℃ of oven dry, and the water content of described compost product is reduced to below 15%, pulverizes with pulverizer then, after the 1mm square hole sieve, promptly obtains mushroom residue fertilizer after stirring evenly.
Method II
Prepare mushroom residue fertilizer according to the method that comprises the steps:
Except that being 1: 1.8 the mixed according to mass ratio with mushroom residue and pig manure, all the other methods are all identical with method II among the embodiment 1.
Method III
Prepare mushroom residue fertilizer according to the method that comprises the steps:
Except that being 1: 2 the mixed according to mass ratio with mushroom residue and pig manure, all the other methods are all identical with method III among the embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3, preparation dried mushroom residue fertilizer
Method I
Prepare mushroom residue fertilizer according to the method that comprises the steps:
Is 1: 1 mixed with mushroom residue (being provided by prosperous Xing Hanyao agricultural biotechnology limited liability company) and branch according to mass ratio, obtains mixture, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio of mixture is 15: 1; Add VT-1000 compost Inoculant in this mixture, the mass ratio of described VT-1000 compost Inoculant and described mixture is 3: 1000, and the adding method is for evenly being sprayed at the surface of mixture; The mixture that will add VT-1000 compost Inoculant is then banked up under 20 ℃ temperature; Twice, twice pitch time of turning every day is 6 hours; The time of banking up obtains the compost product 15 days (this moment, the germination index of composting production was 60%), promptly obtains fertilizer.
The above-mentioned compost product that obtains is carried out drying, and being specially in temperature is 60 ℃ of oven dry, and the water content of described compost product is reduced to below 15%, pulverizes with pulverizer then, after the 1mm square hole sieve, promptly obtains mushroom residue fertilizer after stirring evenly.
Method II
Prepare mushroom residue fertilizer according to the method that comprises the steps:
Except that being 1: 1.2 the mixed according to mass ratio with mushroom residue and branch, all the other methods are all identical with method II among the embodiment 1.
Method III
Prepare mushroom residue fertilizer according to the method that comprises the steps:
Except that being 1: 1.5 the mixed according to mass ratio with mushroom residue and pig manure, all the other methods are all identical with method III among the embodiment 1.
Embodiment 4, preparation vegetable plug seedling substrate
Method I
One, preparation vegetable plug seedling substrate
The flat mushroom residue fertilizer that the foregoing description 1 is obtained and the peat composed of rotten mosses and vermiculite (purchasing in flowers market, Beijing) are 2: 7: 1 mixed according to mass ratio, obtain vegetable plug seedling substrate.
Two, detect the physico-chemical property of the vegetable plug seedling substrate for preparing
1, matrix color and luster
The vegetable plug seedling substrate for preparing in the above step 1 is for being Vandyke brown dryness solid.
2, substrate pH
The pH value of the vegetable plug seedling substrate for preparing in the above step 1 is 5.5.
3, EC value
Measuring method: take by weighing matrix sample 5g, do not have CO in 25mL by the 1mm sieve
2In the water (the liquid sample was than 5: 1), stir 1min sample is fully disperseed, behind the placement 30min.EC meter (conductivity meter) electrode is inserted suspension liquid, read the EC value.Should calibrate EC meter (conductivity meter) once more after measuring 5-6 sample.
Mensuration obtains: the EC value of the vegetable plug seedling substrate for preparing in the above step 1 is 6ms/cm.
4, matrix organic matter
Measuring method: referring to organic fertilizer industry standard NY 525-2002.
Mensuration obtains: the matrix organic matter of the vegetable plug seedling substrate for preparing in the above step 1 is 25%.
5, matrix nutrition composition
(1) total nitrogen content
Measuring method: referring to organic fertilizer industry standard NY 525-2002.
Mensuration obtains: the total nitrogen content of the vegetable plug seedling substrate for preparing in the above step 1 is 1.0%.
(2) content of tatal phosphorus
Measuring method: referring to organic fertilizer industry standard NY 525-2002.
Mensuration obtains: the content of tatal phosphorus of the vegetable plug seedling substrate for preparing in the above step 1 is 4.0%.
(3) full potassium content
Measuring method: referring to organic fertilizer industry standard NY 525-2002.
Mensuration obtains: the full potassium content of the vegetable plug seedling substrate for preparing in the above step 1 is 1.0%.
6, matrix storage period
Storage procedures: sealing is preserved, and preserves better down for 10 ℃ in room temperature.Never degenerate and think that promptly matrix is good.Begin to be storage period from storage to the rotten time of matrix.
Judge whether that the standard and the method that go bad are:, illustrate that then matrix is rotten if matrix peculiar smell occurs or grows the disease worm.
The result: be 180 days storage period.
Method II
One, preparation vegetable plug seedling substrate
The flat mushroom bacterium residue fertilizer that embodiment 2 is obtained and the peat composed of rotten mosses and vermiculite are 5: 13: 2 mixed according to mass ratio, obtain vegetable plug seedling substrate.
Two, detect the physico-chemical property of the vegetable plug seedling substrate for preparing
1, matrix color and luster
The vegetable plug seedling substrate for preparing in the above step 1 is for being Vandyke brown dryness solid.
2, substrate pH
The pH value of the vegetable plug seedling substrate for preparing in the above step 1 is 6.0.
3, EC value
Identical among the measuring method of EC value and the method I.
The EC value of the vegetable plug seedling substrate for preparing in the above step 1 is 6.5ms/cm.
4, matrix organic matter
Identical among the measuring method of matrix organic matter and the method I.
The matrix organic matter of the vegetable plug seedling substrate for preparing in the above step 1 is 30%.
5, matrix nutrition composition
(1) total nitrogen content
Identical among the measuring method of full nitrogen and the method I.
The total nitrogen content of the vegetable plug seedling substrate for preparing in the above step 1 is 1.5%.
(2) content of tatal phosphorus
Identical among the measuring method of full phosphorus and the method I.
The content of tatal phosphorus of the vegetable plug seedling substrate for preparing in the above step 1 is 4.5%.
(3) full potassium content
Identical among the measuring method of full potassium and the method I.
The full potassium content of the vegetable plug seedling substrate for preparing in the above step 1 is 1.5%.
6, matrix storage period
Storage procedures: with identical among the method I.
Be 180 days storage period.
Method III
One, preparation vegetable plug seedling substrate
The mushroom residue fertilizer that embodiment 3 is obtained and the peat composed of rotten mosses and vermiculite are 3: 13: 4 mixed according to mass ratio, obtain vegetable plug seedling substrate.
Two, detect the physico-chemical property of the vegetable plug seedling substrate for preparing
1, matrix color and luster
The vegetable plug seedling substrate for preparing in the above step 1 is for being Vandyke brown dryness solid.
2, substrate pH
The pH value of the vegetable plug seedling substrate for preparing in the above step 1 is 6.5.
3, EC value
Identical among the measuring method of EC value and the method I.
The EC value of the vegetable plug seedling substrate for preparing in the above step 1 is 7ms/cm.
4, matrix organic matter
Identical among the measuring method of matrix organic matter and the method I.
The matrix organic matter of the vegetable plug seedling substrate for preparing in the above step 1 is 35%.
5, matrix nutrition composition
(1) total nitrogen content
Identical among the measuring method of full nitrogen and the method I.
The total nitrogen content of the vegetable plug seedling substrate for preparing in the above step 1 is 2.0%.
(2) content of tatal phosphorus
Identical among the measuring method of full phosphorus and the method I.
The content of tatal phosphorus of the vegetable plug seedling substrate for preparing in the above step 1 is 5.0%.
(3) full potassium content
Identical among the measuring method of full potassium and the method I.
The full potassium content of the vegetable plug seedling substrate for preparing in the above step 1 is 2.0%.
6, matrix storage period
Storage procedures: with identical among the method I.
Be 180 days storage period.
The application of embodiment 5, vegetable plug seedling substrate
Method I
One, uses vegetable plug seedling substrate and cultivate tomato seedling
The vegetable plug seedling substrate of method I preparation is cultivated tomato seedling in the Application Example 4, and concrete grammar is as follows:
Used tomato seeds is red giant star winter early maturing variety (purchasing the special vegetable seedling company in Beijing), directly tomato seeds is broadcast the vegetable plug seedling substrate of method I preparation among the embodiment 4 during cultivation.Concrete steps are: tomato seeds through hot water treatment of seeds (be divided into for two steps, the first step is that temperature is scalded, and promptly adopts the warm water that makes 50 ℃-55 ℃ of the lethal temperature of most of seed dispersal germs to scald kind, keeps constant temperature 10min-15min, during constantly stir; Second step, soak seed 6 hours when treating that promptly water temperature is reduced to room temperature (20 ℃-25 ℃) for seed soaking) after the vernalization, be sowed in 72 holes coil, place the greenhouse to grow seedlings (20 ℃-25 ℃), the water supply index is for keeping the matrix relative moisture content about 60%.
Simultaneously, if contrast, be specially: establishing by the peat composed of rotten mosses and vermiculite is that the matrix that 2: 1 mixed obtains is contrast matrix with mass ratio, and the method for cultivating tomato is identical with above-mentioned method and culture condition with vegetable plug seedling substrate cultivation tomato seedling with culture condition.
Two, the result of tomato seedling growth
1, measures the growth indexes of tomato seedling
The measuring method of percentage of germination: get tomato seeds, 20 every part, each part put into different substrates, repeat 3 times, take out tomato seeds after 7 days, can determine percentage of germination, percentage of germination=regulation percentage of germination is measured the interior normal seeds germinated grain number of fate/confession and is planted experimentally seed and count * 100%.
The tomato seedling growth result that the vegetable plug seedling of method I preparation is cultivated in the Application Example 4 is as shown in table 1 below, and except that percentage of germination, all the other growth indexes were all measured at after planting 23 days.
The growth indexes of the tomato seedling that the vegetable plug seedling substrate of method I preparation is cultivated among table 1 embodiment 4
| Growth indexes | The vegetable plug seedling substrate of method I preparation among the embodiment 4 |
| Percentage of germination | 95.0％ |
| Plant height (cm) | 11.3±1.7a |
| Root long (cm) | 7.5±1.3a |
| Stem thick (mm) | 2.50±0.2a |
| Fresh weight (g) | 3.5±0.4a |
| The number of blade (sheet) | 4.7±0.4a |
Annotate: same letter represents there is not significant difference (P≤0.05, Duncan duncan's new multiple range method)
The tomato seedling growth result that contrast matrix is cultivated is as shown in table 2, and except that percentage of germination, all the other growth indexes were all measured at after planting 23 days.
The growth indexes of the tomato seedling that table 2 contrast matrix is cultivated
| Growth indexes | Contrast matrix |
| Percentage of germination | 89.1％ |
| Plant height (cm) | 7.2±0.5b |
| Root long (cm) | 4.4±0.3b |
| Stem thick (mm) | 1.77±0.19b |
| Fresh weight (g) | 2.1±0.2b |
| The number of blade (sheet) | 3.1±0.2b |
Through data analysis, above result shows: the tomato seedling of growing on plug seedling substrate, with contrast matrix phase ratio, each growth indexes all has the significance advantage.
2, nitrate is at the intravital accumulation volume of tomato plant
The method of monitoring nitrate is a ultraviolet spectrophotometry, is specially tomato is smashed to even oar sample with pulverizer, takes by weighing 20g, put into the 200ml beaker, add people 80ml hot water (70--～80 ℃) and the saturated borax soln of 5ml, in boiling water bath, heat 15min, and stir frequently.Cooling, the 200ml volumetric flask is gone in flushing, adds the acetic acid zinc solution precipitating proteins of 10ml 0.25mol/L potassium ferrocyanide solution and 10ml 1mol/L, and 2g activated carbon powder adsorb organic compound matter whenever adds and a kind ofly all need shake up, and last water is settled to scale.Shake up after-filtration, get limpid liquid to be measured.Do omnidistance blank 3 with the 100ml deionized water simultaneously.Inhale liquid 10ml to be measured and be settled to 50ml, inhale blank solution 10ml simultaneously and be settled to 50ml, the extension rate that must make blank solution is identical with sample.Shake up the back on ultraviolet spectrophotometer, measure absorbance A in the 220nm place with the 1cm quartz cuvette
220, measure absorbance A again in the 275nm place
275, Δ A=A
220-A
275, A checks in respective concentration from typical curve according to Δ.According to sample amount of water and even oar sample weighting amount calculation sample nitrate content.Try to achieve treatment group nitrate content 84.2mg/kg at last, control group nitrate content 89.9mg/kg illustrates that treatment group can reduce nitrate content, improves Tomato Quality.
The detection method of plant pest incidence: investigate the state of an illness condition of getting a haircut behind the sowing 60d respectively everywhere, calculate disease index, calculate prevention effect according to disease index, root knot nematode state of an illness index is estimated by following grade scale.0 grade: health of root, no root knot;
1 grade: root system has a small amount of root knot, accounts for full root system 1%～25%;
2 grades: root system root knot quantity is medium, accounts for full root system 26%～50%;
3 grades: root system root knot quantity is a lot, accounts for full root system 51%～75%;
4 grades: root system root knot quantity spy is many, accounts for full root system 76%～100%.
Measurement result is: it is 2 that the control group root knot is counted grade, accounts for full root system 26.34%, and it is 1 that the root knot of processing experiment is counted grade, accounts for full root system 15.83%.The result shows that the prevention effect of treatment group is significantly better than control group.
3 repetitions, results averaged ± standard deviation are established in experiment.
Method II
One, uses vegetable plug seedling substrate and cultivate tomato seedling
The vegetable plug seedling substrate of method II preparation is cultivated tomato seedling with the cave dish in the Application Example 4, and concrete grammar is identical with aforesaid method I.
Simultaneously, if contrast, be specially: establishing by the peat composed of rotten mosses and vermiculite is that the matrix that 2: 1 mixed obtains is contrast matrix with mass ratio, and the method for cultivating tomato is identical with above-mentioned method and culture condition with vegetable plug seedling substrate cultivation tomato seedling with culture condition.
Two, the result of tomato seedling growth
The measuring method of percentage of germination: I is identical with method.
The tomato seedling growth result that the vegetable plug seedling substrate of method II preparation is cultivated in the Application Example 4 is as shown in table 3, and except that percentage of germination, all the other growth indexes were all measured at after planting 23 days.
The growth indexes of the tomato seedling that the vegetable plug seedling substrate of method II preparation is cultivated among table 3 embodiment 4
| Growth indexes | The vegetable plug seedling substrate of method I preparation among the embodiment 4 |
| Percentage of germination | 95.1％ |
| Plant height (cm) | 12.1±1.4a |
| Root long (cm) | 6.9±0.4a |
| Stem thick (mm) | 2.61±0.11a |
| Fresh weight (g) | 3.8±0.3a |
| The number of blade (sheet) | 5.3±0.7a |
Annotate: same letter represents there is not significant difference (P≤0.05, Duncan duncan's new multiple range method)
The tomato seedling growth result that contrast matrix is cultivated is as shown in table 4, and except that percentage of germination, all the other growth indexes were all measured at after planting 23 days.
The growth indexes of the tomato seedling that table 4 contrast matrix is cultivated
| Growth indexes | Contrast matrix |
| Percentage of germination | 92.4％ |
| Plant height (cm) | 7.9±0.3b |
| Root long (cm) | 4.1±0.7b |
| Stem thick (mm) | 1.82±0.06b |
| Fresh weight (g) | 2.1±0.3b |
| The number of blade (sheet) | 3.0±0.3b |
Through data analysis, above result shows: the tomato seedling of growing on plug seedling substrate, with contrast matrix phase ratio, each growth indexes all has the significance advantage.
Nitrate is at the intravital accumulation volume of plant: detection method is identical with method I.Detected result and method I do not have significant difference.
The incidence of plant pest: detection method is identical with method I.Detected result and method I do not have significant difference.
3 repetitions, results averaged ± standard deviation are established in experiment.
Method III
One, uses vegetable plug seedling substrate and cultivate tomato seedling
The vegetable plug seedling substrate of method III preparation is cultivated tomato seedling with the cave dish in the Application Example 4, and concrete grammar is identical with aforesaid method I.
Simultaneously, if contrast, be specially: establishing by the peat composed of rotten mosses and vermiculite is that the matrix that 2: 1 mixed obtains is contrast matrix with mass ratio, and the method for cultivating tomato is identical with above-mentioned method and culture condition with vegetable plug seedling substrate cultivation tomato seedling with culture condition.
Two, the result of tomato seedling growth
The measuring method of percentage of germination: I is identical with method.
The vegetable plug seedling substrate of method III preparation is cultivated in the Application Example 4 tomato seedling growth result and method I do not have significant difference.
Nitrate is at the intravital accumulation volume of plant: detection method is identical with method I.Detected result and method I do not have significant difference.
The incidence of plant pest: detection method is identical with method I.Detected result and method I do not have significant difference.
3 repetitions, results averaged ± standard deviation are established in experiment.
Claims (10)
1. a method for preparing fertilizer comprises the steps:
The edible mushrooms residue is mixed with agricultural wastes, obtain mixture, mixture is carried out compost, obtain the compost product, promptly obtain fertilizer.
2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
Described agricultural wastes are agricultural crop straw, feces of livestock and poultry and/or branch;
Before the described compost, comprise in described mixture, adding the step of compost with microbial inoculum;
The carbon-nitrogen ratio of described mixture is C: N=(15-20): 1 or 15: 1 or 18: 1 or 20: 1.
3. method according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that:
Described compost is 3 with the mass ratio of microbial inoculum and described mixture: 1000-5: 1000 or 3: 1000 or 4: 1000 or 5: 1000;
Described compost is yeast and/or subtilis with the activeconstituents of microbial inoculum;
Described compost carries out under the temperature of 20 ℃-30 ℃ or 20 ℃ or 25 ℃ or 30 ℃;
The time of described compost is 15 days-40 days or 15 days or 30 days or 40 days;
In the described composting process, twice, twice pitch time of turning every day is 6 hours-8 hours or 6 hours or 7 hours or 8 hours;
The germination index of described compost product is 60%-80% or 60% or 70% or 80%.
4. according to arbitrary described method among the claim 1-3, it is characterized in that:
In the described method, after described compost finishes, comprise the steps: dry and pulverizing with described compost product; Described exsiccant method is for being 60 ℃-70 ℃ or 60 ℃ or 65 ℃ or 70 ℃ of oven dry in temperature, and the water content that makes described compost product is smaller or equal to 15%.
5. according to arbitrary described method among the claim 1-4, it is characterized in that:
Described edible mushrooms residue is mushroom residue, flat mushroom residue or mushroom residue;
Described agricultural crop straw is maize straw, wheat stalk or rice straw.
6. the fertilizer for preparing by arbitrary described method among the claim 1-5.
7. a vegetable plug seedling substrate is mixed by fertilizer described in the claim 6, the peat composed of rotten mosses and vermiculite.
8. vegetable plug seedling substrate according to claim 7 is characterized in that:
The pH value of described vegetable plug seedling substrate is 5.5-6.5 or 5.5 or 6.0 or 6.5;
The EC value of described vegetable plug seedling substrate is 6ms/cm-7ms/cm or 6ms/cm or 6.5ms/cm or 7ms/cm;
The organic content of described vegetable plug seedling substrate is 25%-35% or 25% or 30% or 35%;
Total nitrogen content is 1.0%-2.0% or 1.0% or 1.5% or 2.0% in the described vegetable plug seedling substrate;
Content of tatal phosphorus is 4.0%-5.0% or 4.0% or 4.5% or 5.0% in the described vegetable plug seedling substrate;
Full potassium content is 1.0%-2.0% or 1.0% or 1.5% or 2.0% in the described vegetable plug seedling substrate.
9. according to claim 7 or 8 described vegetable plug seedling substrates, it is characterized in that: described vegetables are tomato.
10. the application of arbitrary described vegetable plug seedling substrate in grow seedlings of vegetable among described fertilizer of claim 6 or the claim 7-9.
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| CN102924174A (en) * | 2012-11-14 | 2013-02-13 | 河北省科学院生物研究所 | Cucumber growing medium using pig manures and biogas residues as fertilizer sources, and preparation method of cucumber growing medium |
| CN103553779A (en) * | 2013-10-28 | 2014-02-05 | 巴州海盛农业技术服务有限责任公司 | Vegetable seedling raising substrate |
| CN103650977A (en) * | 2013-12-06 | 2014-03-26 | 山东省林业科学研究院 | Method for improving survival rate of afforestation of non-woven fabric container seedlings in arid mountains |
| CN103907521A (en) * | 2014-04-14 | 2014-07-09 | 胡永军 | Cultivating method for preventing blossom-end rot of tomatoes |
| CN104206094A (en) * | 2014-09-10 | 2014-12-17 | 宁波市鄞州青林医疗器械技术咨询有限公司 | Processing technology of strain bag waste material |
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| CN105272414A (en) * | 2015-10-26 | 2016-01-27 | 重庆市林业科学研究院 | Method for producing light seedling culture medium from agricultural and forestry residues |
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| CN101889533A (en) * | 2010-06-28 | 2010-11-24 | 中国农业大学 | Artificial substratum for hole-tray tomato seedling cultivation |
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| CN101525254A (en) * | 2009-04-07 | 2009-09-09 | 华南农业大学 | Multifunctional biological compound fertilizer as well as preparation method and application thereof |
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| CN102924174A (en) * | 2012-11-14 | 2013-02-13 | 河北省科学院生物研究所 | Cucumber growing medium using pig manures and biogas residues as fertilizer sources, and preparation method of cucumber growing medium |
| CN102924174B (en) * | 2012-11-14 | 2014-07-02 | 河北省科学院生物研究所 | Cucumber growing medium using pig manures and biogas residues as fertilizer sources, and preparation method of cucumber growing medium |
| CN103553779A (en) * | 2013-10-28 | 2014-02-05 | 巴州海盛农业技术服务有限责任公司 | Vegetable seedling raising substrate |
| CN103650977A (en) * | 2013-12-06 | 2014-03-26 | 山东省林业科学研究院 | Method for improving survival rate of afforestation of non-woven fabric container seedlings in arid mountains |
| CN103650977B (en) * | 2013-12-06 | 2015-06-17 | 山东省林业科学研究院 | Method for improving survival rate of afforestation of non-woven fabric container seedlings in arid mountains |
| CN103828698B (en) * | 2014-01-21 | 2016-06-22 | 谭飞鸿 | A kind of substrate for preserved vegetable non-soil culture |
| CN103907521A (en) * | 2014-04-14 | 2014-07-09 | 胡永军 | Cultivating method for preventing blossom-end rot of tomatoes |
| CN103907521B (en) * | 2014-04-14 | 2015-11-25 | 山东省寿光蔬菜产业集团有限公司 | A kind of cultivation method preventing tomato blossom-end rot |
| CN104086243B (en) * | 2014-05-30 | 2016-05-25 | 杭州师范大学 | A kind of vegetable seedling substrate and preparation method thereof |
| CN104206094A (en) * | 2014-09-10 | 2014-12-17 | 宁波市鄞州青林医疗器械技术咨询有限公司 | Processing technology of strain bag waste material |
| CN104774047A (en) * | 2015-03-26 | 2015-07-15 | 广西大学 | Organic cucumber seedling growing matrix and preparation method thereof |
| CN105272414A (en) * | 2015-10-26 | 2016-01-27 | 重庆市林业科学研究院 | Method for producing light seedling culture medium from agricultural and forestry residues |
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