CN102746062A - Soilless culture substrate and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Soilless culture substrate and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102746062A CN102746062A CN201210229480XA CN201210229480A CN102746062A CN 102746062 A CN102746062 A CN 102746062A CN 201210229480X A CN201210229480X A CN 201210229480XA CN 201210229480 A CN201210229480 A CN 201210229480A CN 102746062 A CN102746062 A CN 102746062A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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Abstract
The invention relates to a soilless culture substrate which is mainly applicable to seedling breeding of paddy rice and also applicable to seedling breeding of plants like flowers, grass and vegetables. The soilless culture substrate is characterized by containing any one selected from the group consisting of crushed rice hulls, furfural residues and xylitol residues, any one selected from the group consisting of brown coal powder, silicon calcium magnesium fertilizer and mushroom residues, dried cow dung, bentonite and insecticide-fertilizer. According to the invention, the soilless culture substrate contains a variety of micronutrient elements needed in growth of plants in a seedling stage and bactericides, has the characteristics of richness in nutrients, disease prevention, cold resistance, seedling strengthening, low cost, greenness, ecological environmental protection, convenient usage and the like, can create a good growing environment for the plants in a seedling stage, has good water retention performance, allows good consistency between a cover layer and a bottom layer to be obtained, can be directly used for bed paving, sowing, covering, thorough watering and mulching so as to breed standard seedlings, enables a high breeding rate of standard seedlings to be achieved, is beneficial for protection of ecological environment of farmlands and can realize recycling of agricultural wastes and standardized seedling breeding of plants; a preparation method for the substrate is scientific and reasonable, can be easily mastered and is convenient to operate.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the arviculture technical field, is a kind of soilless culture substrate and preparation method thereof, is mainly used in seedling cultivation of rice, also can be used for botanical seedling culturing and cultivations such as flower, grass, vegetables.
Background technology
Paddy rice non-soil culture research in recent years is many to be the matrix main raw material with straw or stalk; Chinese invention patent publication number: CN101869048A disclosed " soilless seedling raising and strengthening plate " and Chinese invention patent publication number: CN102010259A disclosed " a kind of straw substrate and working method thereof "; Its matrix proportion is lighter, has that the water retention capacity of growing seedlings when watering is poor, rice shoot was prone to problems such as floating when straw and stalk were prone to floating, rice transplanting.Simultaneously, its manufacture craft is relatively complicated, and cost is higher.Chinese invention patent publication number: CN102177836A disclosed " method of paddy rice non-soil culture " is though solved floating, the not problem of packing poor with quality of rice shoot; But its complex manufacturing technology; Increased fertilizer application frequency between nursery stage, made its complicated operation, these all do not meet current peasant's farming succinctly, theory efficiently; Therefore, be difficult for promoting the use of.Chinese invention patent publication number: CN1582622A disclosed " paddy rice that with the rice husk is matrix does not have native rice seedling on upland field method "; It is to be the main raw material of matrix to pulverize rice husk, but this matrix poor water retention property, the seedling raising process water consumption is bigger; And tectum matrix is different with bottom matrix; Peasant's inconvenience that operates, simultaneously, this matrix manufacture craft in early stage is also complicated.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is: prior art is carried out substantial improvements and innovation; A kind of soilless culture substrate is provided, and matrix has good water-retaining property, the tectum of matrix and bottom high conformity; Integrate multiple functions such as nutrition, diseases prevention, strong seedling; Be convenient to peasant operation, can be directly make the bed, sow, cover, water permeable, overlay film with matrix and can bring out the standard rice shoot, it is high to bring out standard seedling rate; Help the ecotope that protects the fields, can realize that utilization again and the paddy rice of agricultural wastes and other plant stdn grow seedlings.And provide scientific and reasonable, be prone to grasp the preparation method of being convenient to operate.
The technical scheme that solves its technical problem employing is; A kind of soilless culture substrate; It is characterized in that it includes the raw material of following quality component and processes: pulverize any one 20～50 parts in rice husk, furfural dregs, the Xylitol slag, 20～30 parts of any one in brown coal powder, silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer, the mushroom slag; Do 10～15 parts of cow dungs, fertile 2～4 parts of 20～40 parts of wilkinites and medicine.
Described medicine fertilizer comprises by the raw material of quality component to be processed: 1～2 part in sterilant, N6～8 part, P
2O
52～4 parts, K
2O1～3 part, Z
nO0.15～0.23 part.
Described sterilant is a metaxanin.
A kind of preparation method of soilless culture substrate is characterized in that, it comprises step has:
1) be any one 20～50 parts in the rice husk, furfural dregs, Xylitol of 3 mm by the mass metrology powder particle diameter respectively; 20～30 parts of in brown coal powder, silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer, the mushroom slag any one; Particle diameter is 10～15 parts of the dried cow dungs of 3 mm; Wilkinite mixes for 20～40 parts, stacks spontaneous fermentation 25～30 days;
2) fertile 2～4 parts of fermentation materials that obtain with step 1) of medicine of metering are sent in the mixer together, puddled 15～30min, the packing pack is finished product.
Soilless culture substrate of the present invention contains grow needed various micronutrient element and sterilant of paddy rice and other plantling phase; Have that nutrition, diseases prevention, cold-resistant, strong sprout, cost are low, green ecological environmental protection, characteristics such as easy to use; Can be paddy rice and the good growing environment of other plantling phase growth creation, the good water-retaining property of matrix, the tectum of matrix and bottom high conformity; Can be directly make the bed, sow, cover, water permeable, overlay film and can bring out the standard rice shoot with matrix; It is high to bring out standard seedling rate, helps the ecotope that protects the fields, and can realize that utilization again, paddy rice and other plant stdn of agricultural wastes grown seedlings.
It is scientific and reasonable to have the preparation method, is prone to grasp, and is convenient to advantages such as operation.
Embodiment
The soilless culture substrate of embodiment 1 includes pulverizes rice husk 20 ㎏, and brown coal powder 20 ㎏ do cow dung 10 ㎏, fertile 2 ㎏ of wilkinite 20 ㎏ and medicine.
The soilless culture substrate of embodiment 2 includes pulverizes rice husk 35 ㎏, and brown coal powder 25 ㎏ do cow dung 13 ㎏, fertile 3 ㎏ of wilkinite 30 ㎏ and medicine.
The soilless culture substrate of embodiment 3 includes pulverizes rice husk 50 ㎏, and brown coal powder 30 ㎏ do cow dung 15 ㎏, fertile 4 ㎏ of wilkinite 40 ㎏ and medicine.
The soilless culture substrate of embodiment 4 includes furfural dregs 28 ㎏, and silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer 23 ㎏ do cow dung 12 ㎏, fertile 2.5 ㎏ of wilkinite 25 ㎏ and medicine.
The soilless culture substrate of embodiment 5 includes furfural dregs 35 ㎏, and silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer 25 ㎏ do cow dung 13 ㎏, fertile 3 ㎏ of wilkinite 30 ㎏ and medicine.
The soilless culture substrate of embodiment 6 includes furfural dregs 43 ㎏, and silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer 28 ㎏ do cow dung 14 ㎏, fertile 3.5 ㎏ of wilkinite 35 ㎏ and medicine.
The soilless culture substrate of embodiment 7 includes Xylitol slag 43 ㎏, and mushroom slag 25 ㎏ do cow dung 13 ㎏, fertile 3 ㎏ of wilkinite 30 ㎏ and medicine.
The soilless culture substrate of embodiment 8 includes Xylitol slag 35 ㎏, and mushroom slag 28 ㎏ do cow dung 14 ㎏, fertile 3.5 ㎏ of wilkinite 35 ㎏ and medicine.
Embodiment 1～8 used medicine fertilizer includes by the raw material of quality component to be processed: 1～2 part in sterilant, N6～8 part, P
2O
52～4 parts, K
2O1～3 part, Z
nO0.15～0.23 part.
According to the preparation method of the soilless culture substrate of embodiment 2, the step that comprises has: other implementation step is similar,
1) be respectively the rice husk of 3 mm by the mass metrology powder particle diameter, brown coal powder, particle diameter are the dried cow dung of 3 mm, and wilkinite mixes, and stack spontaneous fermentation 25～30 days;
2) medicine of the metering fermentation materials that obtains fertile and step 1) is sent in the mixer together, puddled 15～30min, the packing pack is finished product.Every bag of net weight of present embodiment 40 ㎏.
Soilless culture substrate of the present invention is raw materials used to be easy to get, and constitutes said medicine fertile sterilant, N6～8, P
2O
5, K
2O, Z
nO is marketable material.Wherein: sterilant is best to adopt commercially available metaxanin, also can adopt the commercially available disease prestige of going out, " shuang xiao ling ", anthrax good fortune U.S.A, Sandofan M8, the white copper of first, DT sterilant, metalaxyl-mn-zn, amicarthiazol MnZn, thiophanate_methyl MnZn, extensively sterilize milk powder, metaxanin-thiram wettable powder etc. all can.
The specific examples of seedling cultivation of rice
Use soilless culture substrate of the present invention to grow seedlings with existing seedling implement:
1, adopt bowl plate seeding: the soilless culture substrate of 0.4～0.6 ㎏ is filled in the alms bowl, waters permeablely, broadcast the rice seed, the last 0.4～0.6cm of covering left and right sides soilless culture substrate does not leak till the seed again, after cover film;
2, adopt vinyl disc to grow seedlings or paper disc is grown seedlings: soilless culture substrate is tiled, and 1.5～2.0cm is thick on vinyl disc or the paper disc get final product, waters permeablely, broadcasts the rice seed, and the last 0.4～0.6cm soilless culture substrate of covering does not leak till the seed again, after cover film.
3, lid rice seed must cover with soilless culture substrate, and thin and thick is even.
4, do not need to mix again other any fertilizer, diseases prevention medicament and soil.
2010, soilless culture substrate of the present invention carried out small area and has promoted demonstration in experimental plot, academy of agricultural sciences, Jilin, suburbs, Jilin, Panshi City, Jilin Province and Nongan County, Jilin Province; Demonstration pilot project has been arranged in the villages (towns) in counties (city) such as the suburbs, Jilin in Jilin Province in 2011, Jilin Province's huge rock, Jiaohe City, Jilin Province, Dehui City, Jilin Province, Nongan County, Jilin Province, 5 constant virtues, Heilongjiang Province, Longjiang, demonstration area 1000m
2, can insert 10 hectares of rice fields; The demonstration area was produced 50 tons in 2012, nearly 100 hectares of demonstration areas.Obvious through the demonstration promotion effect in 3 years, use the soilless culture substrate saving of labor, laborsaving, rob farming season, not only quality is good, seedling is neat, seedling is strong for the rice shoot that brings out, resistance against diseases is strong; Disease does not take place in the whole growth phase, and standard rice shoot rate reaches more than 95%, on average increases production more than 5%; Pure increasing benefit more than 1000 yuan/hectare; Soilless culture substrate of the present invention meets agriculture prodn reality, has solved that present seedling cultivation of rice amendment is lack of standardization, diseases prevention is poor, seedling quality does not reach many difficult problems such as standard, is the substitute of present seedling cultivation of rice amendment and soil; Simultaneously; Kept soil and whole ecological environment not contaminated,, had wide development and application market promotion prospect for agricultural sustainable development plays a good role.
The enquiry data analysis is promoted in soilless culture substrate demonstration of the present invention:
Substrate seedling does not have weeds, disease-free, and the height of seedling of substrate seedling is starkly lower than seedlings and soil, and white root rate is higher than seedlings and soil, and the band evil rate of rice shoot significantly increases (seeing table 1).
The investigation of table 1 soilless culture substrate demonstration test of the present invention seedling quality proterties
Use on average about in advance 3 days of the growth period duration of rice of substrate seedling, full ripe stage, is 2～3 days (seeing table 2) in advance.
Table 2 matrix is to the influence of growth period duration of rice
The total points evil number of substrate seedling, ratio of productive tiller are all apparently higher than seedlings and soil, and stimulation ratio reaches 5.0%～6.5%, and the paddy rice white rice yield reaches about 67.5%, improve 4.4 percentage points (seeing table 3) approximately.
Table 3 matrix is to the influence of rice tillering, output and paddy white rice yield
Soilless culture substrate of the present invention and preparation method thereof does not limit to this embodiment, the enlightenment that is obtained according to the present invention, and those skilled in the art still belong to the scope of claim protection of the present invention without the simple copy and the improvement of creative work.
Claims (4)
1. soilless culture substrate; It is characterized in that; It includes the raw material of following quality component and processes: pulverize any one 20～50 parts in rice husk, furfural dregs, the Xylitol slag; 20～30 parts of in brown coal powder, silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer, the mushroom slag any one are done 10～15 parts of cow dungs, fertile 2～4 parts of 20～40 parts of wilkinites and medicine.
2. soilless culture substrate according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described medicine fertilizer comprises by the raw material of quality component to be processed: 1～2 part in sterilant, N6～8 part, P
2O
52～4 parts, K
2O1～3 part, Z
nO0.15～0.23 part.
3. soilless culture substrate according to claim 2 is characterized in that: described sterilant is a metaxanin.
4. the preparation method of soilless culture substrate according to claim 1 is characterized in that, it comprises step has:
1) be in the rice husk, furfural dregs, Xylitol slag of 3 mm any one with the powder particle diameter of metering respectively, any one in brown coal powder, silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer, the mushroom slag, particle diameter are the dried cow dung of 3 mm, and wilkinite mixes, and stacks naturally and ferments 25～30 days;
2) medicine of the metering fermentation materials that obtains fertile and step 1) is sent in the mixer together, puddled 15～30min, the packing pack is finished product.
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| CN201210229480XA CN102746062B (en) | 2012-07-04 | 2012-07-04 | Soilless culture substrate and preparation method thereof |
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| CN102746062B CN102746062B (en) | 2013-09-18 |
Family
ID=47026627
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Cited By (19)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102972232A (en) * | 2012-12-06 | 2013-03-20 | 湖南省湘晖农业技术开发有限公司 | Rice machine seedling transplanting matrix for chaff ash basis |
| CN103073362A (en) * | 2012-12-12 | 2013-05-01 | 四川农业大学 | Bentonite and fungal dreg compounded water-retention fertilizer-conservation cultivation matrix and its preparation method |
| CN103449929A (en) * | 2013-09-09 | 2013-12-18 | 南京市蔬菜科学研究所 | Ascendens mucronatum cutting medium and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN103483098A (en) * | 2013-10-15 | 2014-01-01 | 广西玉林宏江能源科技有限公司 | Special compound fertilizer for soilless water culture of rice |
| CN103588566A (en) * | 2013-11-10 | 2014-02-19 | 湖州艺萌城市农业发展有限公司 | Special environment-friendly culture soil for urban families |
| CN103588569A (en) * | 2013-11-10 | 2014-02-19 | 湖州艺萌城市农业发展有限公司 | Rhizome substrate soil for micro agriculture |
| CN103588565A (en) * | 2013-11-10 | 2014-02-19 | 湖州艺萌城市农业发展有限公司 | Seedling-cultivating substrate soil for micro agriculture |
| CN103964969A (en) * | 2014-05-28 | 2014-08-06 | 海峡（厦门）现代农业研究院有限公司 | Special culture substrate for traditional Chinese medicinal materials and application of special culture substrate |
| CN104255420A (en) * | 2014-10-22 | 2015-01-07 | 天津市植物保护研究所 | Melon disease prevention and growth promotion seedling cultivation matrix and preparation method thereof |
| CN104402581A (en) * | 2014-10-29 | 2015-03-11 | 宁夏共享生物化工有限公司 | Seedling-raising medium production method |
| CN105130564A (en) * | 2015-07-03 | 2015-12-09 | 江苏田娘农业科技有限公司 | Paddy-rice seedling substrate and preparation method thereof |
| CN105541515A (en) * | 2015-12-21 | 2016-05-04 | 全椒县志恒庄园 | Rice soilless seedling breeding matrix preparation method |
| CN106305392A (en) * | 2016-08-23 | 2017-01-11 | 柳州市欧亚农业发展有限公司 | Special substrate for loofah soilless culture |
| CN106888851A (en) * | 2017-03-24 | 2017-06-27 | 湖南农业大学 | Machine-transplanted rice is without plate seedling raising nutrient matrix raising rice seedling plate and method of raising seedling |
| CN107162832A (en) * | 2017-05-31 | 2017-09-15 | 柳州市盛顺种植场 | A kind of winter beauty prevents and treats aleyrodid fertilizer |
| CN107235777A (en) * | 2017-07-24 | 2017-10-10 | 彭鸿博 | Organic paddy rice seedling medium prepared by a kind of utilization waste edible fungus rejected material and its preparation method and application |
| CN107266202A (en) * | 2017-07-24 | 2017-10-20 | 彭鸿博 | Organic paddy rice seedling medium prepared by a kind of utilization furfural dregs and its preparation method and application |
| CN110012818A (en) * | 2019-04-24 | 2019-07-16 | 张建昌 | A kind of seedling medium and preparation method thereof |
| CN110463566A (en) * | 2019-09-05 | 2019-11-19 | 莘县益农育苗基质有限公司 | A kind of organic substrate and preparation method thereof for vegetables nursery |
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Cited By (24)
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| CN102972232B (en) * | 2012-12-06 | 2013-10-09 | 郭汉华 | Rice machine seedling transplanting matrix for chaff ash basis |
| CN102972232A (en) * | 2012-12-06 | 2013-03-20 | 湖南省湘晖农业技术开发有限公司 | Rice machine seedling transplanting matrix for chaff ash basis |
| CN103073362A (en) * | 2012-12-12 | 2013-05-01 | 四川农业大学 | Bentonite and fungal dreg compounded water-retention fertilizer-conservation cultivation matrix and its preparation method |
| CN103073362B (en) * | 2012-12-12 | 2015-07-29 | 四川农业大学 | Preserve moisture and fertility cultivation matrix of a kind of wilkinite and bacterium slag compound and preparation method thereof |
| CN103449929B (en) * | 2013-09-09 | 2015-07-15 | 南京市蔬菜科学研究所 | Ascendens mucronatum cutting medium and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN103449929A (en) * | 2013-09-09 | 2013-12-18 | 南京市蔬菜科学研究所 | Ascendens mucronatum cutting medium and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN103483098A (en) * | 2013-10-15 | 2014-01-01 | 广西玉林宏江能源科技有限公司 | Special compound fertilizer for soilless water culture of rice |
| CN103588569A (en) * | 2013-11-10 | 2014-02-19 | 湖州艺萌城市农业发展有限公司 | Rhizome substrate soil for micro agriculture |
| CN103588566A (en) * | 2013-11-10 | 2014-02-19 | 湖州艺萌城市农业发展有限公司 | Special environment-friendly culture soil for urban families |
| CN103588565A (en) * | 2013-11-10 | 2014-02-19 | 湖州艺萌城市农业发展有限公司 | Seedling-cultivating substrate soil for micro agriculture |
| CN103964969A (en) * | 2014-05-28 | 2014-08-06 | 海峡（厦门）现代农业研究院有限公司 | Special culture substrate for traditional Chinese medicinal materials and application of special culture substrate |
| CN103964969B (en) * | 2014-05-28 | 2016-01-27 | 海峡（厦门）现代农业研究院有限公司 | A kind of Chinese medicinal materials plantation substrate and application thereof |
| CN104255420B (en) * | 2014-10-22 | 2016-07-13 | 天津市植物保护研究所 | A kind of seedling medium of melon diseases prevention growth promoting and preparation method thereof |
| CN104255420A (en) * | 2014-10-22 | 2015-01-07 | 天津市植物保护研究所 | Melon disease prevention and growth promotion seedling cultivation matrix and preparation method thereof |
| CN104402581A (en) * | 2014-10-29 | 2015-03-11 | 宁夏共享生物化工有限公司 | Seedling-raising medium production method |
| CN105130564A (en) * | 2015-07-03 | 2015-12-09 | 江苏田娘农业科技有限公司 | Paddy-rice seedling substrate and preparation method thereof |
| CN105541515A (en) * | 2015-12-21 | 2016-05-04 | 全椒县志恒庄园 | Rice soilless seedling breeding matrix preparation method |
| CN106305392A (en) * | 2016-08-23 | 2017-01-11 | 柳州市欧亚农业发展有限公司 | Special substrate for loofah soilless culture |
| CN106888851A (en) * | 2017-03-24 | 2017-06-27 | 湖南农业大学 | Machine-transplanted rice is without plate seedling raising nutrient matrix raising rice seedling plate and method of raising seedling |
| CN107162832A (en) * | 2017-05-31 | 2017-09-15 | 柳州市盛顺种植场 | A kind of winter beauty prevents and treats aleyrodid fertilizer |
| CN107235777A (en) * | 2017-07-24 | 2017-10-10 | 彭鸿博 | Organic paddy rice seedling medium prepared by a kind of utilization waste edible fungus rejected material and its preparation method and application |
| CN107266202A (en) * | 2017-07-24 | 2017-10-20 | 彭鸿博 | Organic paddy rice seedling medium prepared by a kind of utilization furfural dregs and its preparation method and application |
| CN110012818A (en) * | 2019-04-24 | 2019-07-16 | 张建昌 | A kind of seedling medium and preparation method thereof |
| CN110463566A (en) * | 2019-09-05 | 2019-11-19 | 莘县益农育苗基质有限公司 | A kind of organic substrate and preparation method thereof for vegetables nursery |
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