CN102746062B - Soilless culture substrate and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Soilless culture substrate and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102746062B CN102746062B CN201210229480XA CN201210229480A CN102746062B CN 102746062 B CN102746062 B CN 102746062B CN 201210229480X A CN201210229480X A CN 201210229480XA CN 201210229480 A CN201210229480 A CN 201210229480A CN 102746062 B CN102746062 B CN 102746062B
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- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 210000003608 Feces Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- HWKQNAWCHQMZHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trolnitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)OCCN(CCO[N+]([O-])=O)CCO[N+]([O-])=O HWKQNAWCHQMZHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000003899 bactericide agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000003077 lignite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Furfural Chemical group O=CC1=CC=CO1 HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- -1 silicon calcium magnesium Chemical compound 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-SCDXWVJYSA-N Xylitol Chemical group OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-SCDXWVJYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 235000012216 bentonite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000010903 husk Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229960002675 Xylitol Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000010447 xylitol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000811 xylitol Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005807 Metalaxyl Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- ZQEIXNIJLIKNTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Metalaxyl Chemical compound COCC(=O)N(C(C)C(=O)OC)C1=C(C)C=CC=C1C ZQEIXNIJLIKNTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 abstract description 8
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000002154 agricultural waste Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 240000000218 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011785 micronutrient Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 235000013369 micronutrients Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000001488 breeding Effects 0.000 abstract 4
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009313 farming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002269 spontaneous Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 2
- VTPFBKSJLIUDRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-amino-N-(3-methylphenyl)-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxamide Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(NC(=O)C=2SC(N)=NC=2)=C1 VTPFBKSJLIUDRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000193738 Bacillus anthracis Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000002804 Calluna vulgaris Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007575 Calluna vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000001366 Gouania lupuloides Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000000292 Gouania lupuloides Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000004080 Milk Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000005842 Thiophanate-methyl Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005843 Thiram Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003698 anagen phase Effects 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007405 data analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009114 investigational therapy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- UWVQIROCRJWDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxadixyl Chemical compound CC=1C=CC=C(C)C=1N(C(=O)COC)N1CCOC1=O UWVQIROCRJWDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005070 ripening Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- QGHREAKMXXNCOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiophanate-methyl Chemical compound COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC QGHREAKMXXNCOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004563 wettable powder Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
Abstract
The invention relates to a soilless culture substrate which is mainly applicable to seedling breeding of paddy rice and also applicable to seedling breeding of plants like flowers, grass and vegetables. The soilless culture substrate is characterized by containing any one selected from the group consisting of crushed rice hulls, furfural residues and xylitol residues, any one selected from the group consisting of brown coal powder, silicon calcium magnesium fertilizer and mushroom residues, dried cow dung, bentonite and insecticide-fertilizer. According to the invention, the soilless culture substrate contains a variety of micronutrient elements needed in growth of plants in a seedling stage and bactericides, has the characteristics of richness in nutrients, disease prevention, cold resistance, seedling strengthening, low cost, greenness, ecological environmental protection, convenient usage and the like, can create a good growing environment for the plants in a seedling stage, has good water retention performance, allows good consistency between a cover layer and a bottom layer to be obtained, can be directly used for bed paving, sowing, covering, thorough watering and mulching so as to breed standard seedlings, enables a high breeding rate of standard seedlings to be achieved, is beneficial for protection of ecological environment of farmlands and can realize recycling of agricultural wastes and standardized seedling breeding of plants; a preparation method for the substrate is scientific and reasonable, can be easily mastered and is convenient to operate.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the arviculture technical field, is a kind of soilless culture substrate and preparation method thereof, is mainly used in seedling cultivation of rice, also can be used for botanical seedling culturing and cultivations such as flower, grass, vegetables.
Background technology
Paddy rice soilless-cultivated seedling research in recent years is many to be the matrix primary raw material with straw or stalk, Chinese invention patent publication number: CN101869048A disclosed " soilless seedling raising and strengthening plate " and Chinese invention patent publication number: CN102010259A disclosed " a kind of straw substrate and production method thereof ", its matrix proportion is lighter, has that the water retention capacity of growing seedlings when watering is poor, an easy easy problem such as floating of rice shoot during floating, rice transplanting of straw and stalk.Simultaneously, its manufacture craft is relatively complicated, and cost is higher.Chinese invention patent publication number: CN102177836A disclosed " method of paddy rice soilless-cultivated seedling " is though solved poor, the problem of packing not of the floating and quality of rice shoot, but its complex manufacturing technology, increased fertilizer application frequency between nursery stage, make its complicated operation, these all do not meet current peasant's farming succinctly, theory efficiently, therefore, be difficult for promoting the use of.Chinese invention patent publication number: CN1582622A disclosed " paddy rice that with the rice husk is matrix does not have native rice seedling on upland field method ", it is to pulverize the primary raw material that rice husk is matrix, but this matrix poor water retention property, the seedling raising process water consumption is bigger, and cover layer matrix is different with bottom matrix, peasant's inconvenience that operates, simultaneously, this matrix manufacture craft in early stage is also complicated.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is: prior art is carried out substantial improvements and innovation; a kind of soilless culture substrate is provided; matrix has good water-retaining property; the cover layer of matrix and bottom high conformity; integrate multiple functions such as nutrition, diseases prevention, strong seedling; be convenient to peasant's operation; can be directly make the bed, sow, cover, water permeable, overlay film with matrix and can bring out the standard rice shoot; bring out standard seedling rate height; be conducive to the ecotope that protects the fields, can realize that the recycling of agricultural wastes and paddy rice and other plant standardization grow seedlings.And provide scientific and reasonable, easily grasp the preparation method of being convenient to operate.
The technical scheme that solves its technical problem employing is, a kind of soilless culture substrate, it is characterized in that, it includes the raw material of following quality component and makes: pulverize any one 20～50 parts in rice husk, furfural dregs, the xylitol slag, 20～30 parts of in brown coal powder, silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer, the mushroom slag any one, do 10～15 parts of cow dungs, 2～4 parts of 20～40 parts of bentonites and medicine fertilizer.
Described medicine fertilizer comprises by the raw material of quality component to be made: 1～2 part in bactericide, N6～8 part, P
2O
52～4 parts, K
2O1～3 part, Z
nO0.15～0.23 part.
Described bactericide is metalaxyl.
A kind of preparation method of soilless culture substrate is characterized in that, it comprises step has:
1) measures in rice husk that powder particle diameter is 3 mm, furfural dregs, the xylitol any one 20～50 parts respectively by mass, 20～30 parts of in brown coal powder, silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer, the mushroom slag any one, particle diameter is 10～15 parts of the dried cow dungs of 3 mm, bentonite mixes for 20～40 parts, stacks spontaneous fermentation 25～30 days;
2) 2～4 parts of the medicine fertilizer of metering and the fermentation materials that obtains of step 1) are sent in the mixer together, puddled 15～30min, the packing pack is finished product.
Soilless culture substrate of the present invention contains grow needed various micronutrient element and bactericide of paddy rice and other plantling phase; has nutrition; diseases prevention; cold-resistant; strong sprout; cost is low; the green ecological environmental protection; characteristics such as easy to use; can be paddy rice and the good growing environment of other plantling phase growth creation; the good water-retaining property of matrix; the cover layer of matrix and bottom high conformity; can directly make the bed with matrix; sowing; cover; water permeable; overlay film can bring out the standard rice shoot; bring out standard seedling rate height; be conducive to the ecotope that protects the fields, can realize the recycling of agricultural wastes; paddy rice and other plant standardization are grown seedlings.
It is scientific and reasonable to have the preparation method, easily grasps, and is convenient to advantages such as operation.
Embodiment
The soilless culture substrate of embodiment 1 includes pulverizes rice husk 20 ㎏, and brown coal powder 20 ㎏ do cow dung 10 ㎏, fertile 2 ㎏ of bentonite 20 ㎏ and medicine.
The soilless culture substrate of embodiment 2 includes pulverizes rice husk 35 ㎏, and brown coal powder 25 ㎏ do cow dung 13 ㎏, fertile 3 ㎏ of bentonite 30 ㎏ and medicine.
The soilless culture substrate of embodiment 3 includes pulverizes rice husk 50 ㎏, and brown coal powder 30 ㎏ do cow dung 15 ㎏, fertile 4 ㎏ of bentonite 40 ㎏ and medicine.
The soilless culture substrate of embodiment 4 includes furfural dregs 28 ㎏, and silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer 23 ㎏ do cow dung 12 ㎏, fertile 2.5 ㎏ of bentonite 25 ㎏ and medicine.
The soilless culture substrate of embodiment 5 includes furfural dregs 35 ㎏, and silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer 25 ㎏ do cow dung 13 ㎏, fertile 3 ㎏ of bentonite 30 ㎏ and medicine.
The soilless culture substrate of embodiment 6 includes furfural dregs 43 ㎏, and silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer 28 ㎏ do cow dung 14 ㎏, fertile 3.5 ㎏ of bentonite 35 ㎏ and medicine.
The soilless culture substrate of embodiment 7 includes xylitol slag 43 ㎏, and mushroom slag 25 ㎏ do cow dung 13 ㎏, fertile 3 ㎏ of bentonite 30 ㎏ and medicine.
The soilless culture substrate of embodiment 8 includes xylitol slag 35 ㎏, and mushroom slag 28 ㎏ do cow dung 14 ㎏, fertile 3.5 ㎏ of bentonite 35 ㎏ and medicine.
Embodiment 1～8 used medicine fertilizer includes by the raw material of quality component to be made: 1～2 part in bactericide, N6～8 part, P
2O
52～4 parts, K
2O1～3 part, Z
nO0.15～0.23 part.
According to the preparation method of the soilless culture substrate of embodiment 2, the step that comprises has: other implementation step is similar,
1) measure the rice husk that powder particle diameter is 3 mm respectively by mass, brown coal powder, particle diameter are the dried cow dung of 3 mm, and bentonite mixes, and stack spontaneous fermentation 25～30 days;
2) medicine of the metering fermentation materials that obtains fertile and step 1) is sent in the mixer together, puddled 15～30min, the packing pack is finished product.Every bag of net weight of present embodiment 40 ㎏.
Soilless culture substrate of the present invention is raw materials used to be easy to get, and constitutes bactericide, N6～8, the P of described medicine fertilizer
2O
5, K
2O, Z
nO is marketable material.Wherein: bactericide is best to adopt commercially available metalaxyl, also can adopt the commercially available disease prestige of going out, " shuang xiao ling ", anthrax good fortune U.S., Sandofan M8, first frost copper, DT bactericide, metalaxyl-mn-zn, Seedvax MnZn, thiophanate-methyl MnZn, extensively sterilize milk powder, metalaxyl-thiram wettable powder etc. all can.
The instantiation of seedling cultivation of rice
Use soilless culture substrate of the present invention to grow seedlings with existing seedling implement:
1, adopt bowl plate seeding: the soilless culture substrate of 0.4～0.6 ㎏ is filled in the alms bowl, waters permeablely, broadcast the rice seed, the last 0.4～0.6cm of covering left and right sides soilless culture substrate does not leak till the seed again, after cover film;
2, adopt vinyl disc to grow seedlings or paper disc is grown seedlings: soilless culture substrate is tiled, and 1.5～2.0cm is thick on vinyl disc or the paper disc get final product, waters permeablely, broadcasts the rice seed, and the last 0.4～0.6cm soilless culture substrate of covering does not leak till the seed again, after cover film.
3, lid rice seed must cover with soilless culture substrate, and thin and thick is even.
4, do not need to mix again other any fertilizer, diseases prevention medicament and soil.
2010, soilless culture substrate of the present invention carried out small size and has promoted demonstration in experimental field, academy of agricultural sciences, Jilin, suburbs, Jilin, Panshi City, Jilin Province and Nongan County, Jilin Province; Demonstration pilot project has been arranged in the villages (towns) in counties (city) such as the suburbs, Jilin in Jilin Province in 2011, Jilin Province's huge rock, Jiaohe City, Jilin Province, Dehui City, Jilin Province, Nongan County, Jilin Province, 5 constant virtues, Heilongjiang Province, Longjiang, demonstration area 1000m
2, can insert 10 hectares of rice fields; The demonstration area was produced 50 tons in 2012, nearly 100 hectares of demonstration areas.Demonstration promotion effect through 3 years is obvious, use the soilless culture substrate saving of labor, laborsaving, rob farming season, the rice shoot that brings out not only quality is good, Miao Qi, Miao Zhuan, resistance against diseases is strong, disease does not take place in the whole growth phase, standard rice shoot rate reaches more than 95%, on average increase production more than 5%, pure increasing benefit more than 1000 yuan/hectare, soilless culture substrate of the present invention meets agricultural production reality, it is lack of standardization to have solved present seedling cultivation of rice conditioner, diseases prevention is poor, seedling quality does not reach many difficult problems such as standard, it is the substitute of present seedling cultivation of rice conditioner and soil, simultaneously, keep soil and whole ecological environment not contaminated, for agricultural sustainable development plays a good role, had wide development and market application prospect.
The survey data analysis is promoted in soilless culture substrate demonstration of the present invention:
Substrate seedling does not have weeds, disease-free, and the height of seedling of substrate seedling is starkly lower than seedlings and soil, and white root rate is higher than seedlings and soil, and the band evil rate of rice shoot significantly increases (seeing Table 1).
The investigation of table 1 soilless culture substrate demonstration test of the present invention seedling quality proterties
Use the on average about 3 days in advance growth period duration of rice of substrate seedling, full ripening stage, is 2～3 days (seeing Table 2) in advance.
Table 2 matrix is to the influence of growth period duration of rice
The total points evil number of substrate seedling, ratio of productive tiller are all apparently higher than seedlings and soil, and rate of growth reaches 5.0%～6.5%, and the paddy rice milled rice rate reaches about 67.5%, improve 4.4 percentage points (seeing Table 3) approximately.
Table 3 matrix is to the influence of rice tillering, output and paddy milled rice rate
Soilless culture substrate of the present invention and preparation method thereof does not limit to this embodiment, the enlightenment that obtains according to the present invention, and those skilled in the art still belong to the scope of claim protection of the present invention without simple copy and the improvement of creative work.
Claims (3)
1. soilless culture substrate, it is characterized in that, it includes the raw material of following quality component and makes: pulverize any one 20～50 parts in rice husk, furfural dregs, the xylitol slag, 20～30 parts of in brown coal powder, silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer, the mushroom slag any one, do 10～15 parts of cow dungs, 2～4 parts of 20～40 parts of bentonites and medicine fertilizer; Described medicine fertilizer comprises by the raw material of quality component to be made: 1～2 part in bactericide, N6～8 part, P
2O
52～4 parts, K
2O1～3 part, ZnO0.15～0.23 part.
2. soilless culture substrate according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described bactericide is metalaxyl.
3. the preparation method of soilless culture substrate according to claim 1 is characterized in that, it comprises step has:
1) with the powder particle diameter of metering be in the rice husk, furfural dregs, xylitol slag of 3 mm any one respectively, any one in brown coal powder, silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer, the mushroom slag, particle diameter are the dried cow dung of 3 mm, and bentonite mixes, and stacks naturally and ferments 25～30 days;
2) medicine of the metering fermentation materials that obtains fertile and step 1) is sent in the mixer together, puddled 15～30min, the packing pack is finished product.
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| CN201210229480XA CN102746062B (en) | 2012-07-04 | 2012-07-04 | Soilless culture substrate and preparation method thereof |
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| CN201210229480XA CN102746062B (en) | 2012-07-04 | 2012-07-04 | Soilless culture substrate and preparation method thereof |
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| CN102746062A CN102746062A (en) | 2012-10-24 |
| CN102746062B true CN102746062B (en) | 2013-09-18 |
Family
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| CN110463566A (en) * | 2019-09-05 | 2019-11-19 | 莘县益农育苗基质有限公司 | A kind of organic substrate and preparation method thereof for vegetables nursery |
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