A kind of Chinese medicinal materials plantation substrate and application thereof
Technical field
The invention belongs to Chinese medicinal materials cultivation field, be specifically related to a kind of Chinese medicinal materials plantation substrate and application.
Background technology
Along with social progress, people more and more profoundly recognize the long-term a large amount of harm of chemical pesticide to ecotope and human health that uses.Biological control is more and more subject to people's attention owing to can effectively overcoming these drawbacks, wherein extremely people's concern of the application of biological antagonist in disease flocking biocontrol.
Biological antagonist refers to the mutual resistance between microorganism, mutually exclusive, even internecine struggle.The advantage of biological antagonist is: 1. good to disease-controlling effect, nontoxic to person poultry safety, free from environmental pollution, and noresidue; 2. disease is killed and wounded to high specificity, do not injure natural enemy and beneficial organism, be conducive to keep balance of nature; 3. raw materials for production and effective constituent belong to natural product, can keep environment sustainable development; 4. many factors and composition play a role jointly, make insect and pathogenic bacteria be difficult to develop immunity to drugs; 5. production technique is simple, and expense is lower than chemical pesticide.In the antagonistic microbe of having found at present, Trichoderma (Trichodermaspp) has good biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion activity.
Trichoderma, in Deuteromycotina, hyphomycetes, hyphomycetales, sticky spore mushroom, is the ubiquitous fungi of a class.Wherein, viride is extensive in distributed in nature, normal saprophytic on timber, seed and plant residue.Viride can produce the multiple bioactive enzyme system that has, as cellulase, chitinase, zytase etc.Viride is one of bacterial strain that cellulase-producing activity is the highest, and the cellulase producing has high degrading activity.Viride is again a kind of resourceful antagonistic microbe, can prevent and treat crop root disease, has important effect in plant pathology biological control.
In recent years, along with the development of the research methods such as genetics, molecular biology, biological chemistry and ecology, research to Trichoderma is deepened continuously, make Trichoderma and meta-bolites thereof at Promoting plant growth, the material absorbing utilization ratio that has additional nutrients, raising crop yield, and strengthen the aspects such as corps diseases defense and there is more wide application prospect, particularly, under the overall background of advocating green agriculture, the large scale application of Trichoderma has become an indispensable part in structure modern times, high-performance bio prevention and elimination of disease and pests system.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of Chinese medicinal materials plantation substrate and application thereof, not only can the Ant agonism by Trichoderma suppress pathogenic bacteria growth, breed and infect, inducing plant produces egodefense ability, also can promote the accumulation of Chinese medicinal materials plant-growth, Effective Component of Chinese Medicine, the disease control in centering the planting of medicinal materials process has good result.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A kind of Chinese medicinal materials plantation substrate, be by Trichoderma through bacterial classification female plant prepare, the preparation of fermented substrate and the preparation of cultivation matrix, obtain described Chinese medicinal materials plantation substrate.
Its preparation method comprises the following steps:
1) the female preparation of planting of bacterial classification: get the waste mushroom stick after the wood-decay fungi such as weedtree mushroom culture, black fungus and glossy ganoderma, remove plastics bag, after fragmentation as strain raw material; Add brown sugar, 3-10% wheat bran, 2-8% Semen Maydis powder, 1-7% bicarbonate of ammonia, the 3-15% calcium superphosphate of strain raw material weight 0.5-3%, after stirring in stirrer as bacterial classification compound material; The former powder of Trichoderma spore alive is fully mixed by weight 1:1000-1500 with bacterial classification compound material, with white plastic sealed by film covering fermentation 15-20 days, spore is with mucus conglomerate or subglobose spore head, bacterium colony stretches rapidly, be flocculence or fine and close clump pencil, it is green that color is, and bacterium colony surface obtains the female kind of bacterial classification while being concentric wheel stripe shape; Fermentation condition is: pH value 7-8, CO
2concentration is 0.5%, and culture temperature is 20-28 DEG C, humidity 65-70%;
2) preparation of fermented substrate: get the waste mushroom stick after the wood-decay fungi such as weedtree mushroom culture, black fungus and glossy ganoderma, remove plastics bag, broken rear and calcium superphosphate 100-200:1 mixing and stirring by weight, obtains compound; Plant and compound 1:100-250 mixing and stirring by weight female the bacterial classification after fermentation,, pile fermentation 20-30 days airtight with plastic film, obtain fermented substrate for subsequent use again;
3) preparation of cultivation matrix: before cultivation, add 150-250 times of liquid of dimethomorph mancozeb and amino acid SODm in fermented substrate, mix, making amino acid concentration in matrix is 100-200g/L, and MnZn total amount is 20-40g/L, SODm
'smassfraction is 2-10%; Add again matrix volume 300-600 doubly, the massfraction mould cellulose solution of spring flower bud that is 4%, or matrix volume 400-800 doubly, the massfraction carbendazim solution that is 50%, or matrix volume 500-800 doubly, the massfraction thiophanate_methyl solution that is 70%, mix rear adjustment water content of substrate at 25-30%, obtain described Chinese medicinal materials plantation substrate, pack sealing is preserved, and can store 90 days under normal temperature.
Living bacteria count>=10 of Trichoderma in the former powder of step 1) Trichoderma spore alive
9cfu/g.
Described Chinese medicinal materials plantation substrate is directly added in decomposing agent, organic fertilizer or bacteria agent, for the cultivation of Chinese medicinal materials.
Described Chinese medicinal materials is the orchid family Herba Anoectochili roxburghii, Herba Dendrobii, Liliaceae Paris polyphylla, lily, Radix Apioris Fortunei (Radix Lespedezae Buergeri) and other can with the Chinese medicinal materials of Trichoderma symbiosis.
For disease and pest, biological control has following effect to Chinese medicinal materials plantation substrate of the present invention:
(1) antagonistic action: the Trichoderma in matrix of the present invention may, by producing micromolecular microbiotic, macromolecular antibacterial protein or cell-wall degrading enzyme class, suppress growth, the breeding of pathogenic bacteria; Meanwhile, antibacterial protein or the lyase of Trichoderma secretion also can suppress infecting of plant pathogenic fungi.
(2) Competition: the Trichoderma in matrix of the present invention is captured moisture and nutrient by Fast Growth, breeding, take up room, consume oxygen etc., suppress and disturb growth, the breeding of other pathogens in same living environment, for Chinese medicinal materials growth provides good ecotope, be particularly useful for that Chinese medicinal materials is wild fosters.
(3) induction of resistance: the Trichoderma in matrix of the present invention can not only directly suppress the Growth and reproduction of Botrytis cinerea, can also induce host plant to produce defensive raction, makes to do deposits yields IRCM Self-Defence System IRCM and obtains disease resistance.
(4) growth-promoting functions: find through field experiment, use matrix of the present invention can not only control disease and occur, can also increase the length of germination rate, root and seedling and the vigor of plant of seed.
(5) inrichment: matrix of the present invention can effectively decompose, activate and enrichment soil in the nutritive element that has been cured, reduce the mutual antagonism between element, the absorption rate of trace element in raising, make Chinese medicinal materials fully absorb various nutritive substances, be conducive to the raising of Chinese medicinal materials output and quality.
Embodiment
Embodiment mono-
A kind of Chinese medicinal materials plantation substrate, its preparation method comprises the following steps:
1) the female preparation of planting of bacterial classification: get the waste mushroom stick after weedtree mushroom culture, remove plastics bag, after fragmentation as strain raw material; Add brown sugar, 3% wheat bran, 2% Semen Maydis powder, 1% bicarbonate of ammonia, 3% calcium superphosphate of strain raw material weight 0.5%, after stirring in stirrer as bacterial classification compound material; Trichoderma is lived, and (living bacteria count of contained Trichoderma is 2.9 × 10 to the former powder of spore
9cfu/g) fully mix by weight 1:1000 with bacterial classification compound material, cover and ferment 15 days with white plastic sealed by film, spore is with mucus conglomerate or subglobose spore head, bacterium colony stretches rapidly, be flocculence or fine and close clump pencil, it is green that color is, and bacterium colony surface obtains the female kind of bacterial classification while being concentric wheel stripe shape; Fermentation condition is: pH value 7, CO
2concentration is 0.5%, and culture temperature is 20 DEG C, humidity 65%;
2) preparation of fermented substrate: get the waste mushroom stick after weedtree mushroom culture, remove plastics bag, broken rear and calcium superphosphate 100:1 mixing and stirring by weight, obtains compound; Plant with compound by weight 1:100 mixing and stirring female the bacterial classification after fermentation,, pile fermentation airtight with plastic film 20 days, obtains fermented substrate for subsequent use again;
3) preparation of cultivation matrix: before cultivation, add 150 times of liquid of dimethomorph mancozeb and amino acid SODm in fermented substrate, mix, making amino acid concentration in matrix is 100g/L, and MnZn total amount is 20g/L, and the massfraction of SODm is 2%; Add the mould cellulose solution of spring flower bud that 300 times of matrix volumes, massfraction are 4% again, mix rear adjustment water content of substrate 25%, obtain described Chinese medicinal materials plantation substrate, pack sealing is preserved, and can store 90 days under normal temperature.
Gained Chinese medicinal materials plantation substrate can directly add the cultivation for orchid Herba Anoectochili roxburghii in decomposing agent.
Embodiment bis-
A kind of Chinese medicinal materials plantation substrate, its preparation method comprises the following steps:
1) the female preparation of planting of bacterial classification: get the waste mushroom stick after weedtree cultivating black fungus, remove plastics bag, after fragmentation as strain raw material; Add brown sugar, 5% wheat bran, 4% Semen Maydis powder, 6% bicarbonate of ammonia, 8% calcium superphosphate of strain raw material weight 1.0%, after stirring in stirrer as bacterial classification compound material; Trichoderma is lived, and (living bacteria count of contained Trichoderma is 3.6 × 10 to the former powder of spore
9cfu/g) fully mix by weight 1:1000 with bacterial classification compound material, cover and ferment 17 days with white plastic sealed by film, spore is with mucus conglomerate or subglobose spore head, bacterium colony stretches rapidly, be flocculence or fine and close clump pencil, it is green that color is, and bacterium colony surface obtains the female kind of bacterial classification while being concentric wheel stripe shape; Fermentation condition is: pH value 7.5, CO
2concentration is 0.5%, and culture temperature is 22 DEG C, humidity 68%;
2) preparation of fermented substrate: get the waste mushroom stick after weedtree cultivating black fungus bacterium mushroom, remove plastics bag, broken rear and calcium superphosphate 150:1 mixing and stirring by weight, obtains compound; Plant with compound by weight 1:200 mixing and stirring female the bacterial classification after fermentation,, pile fermentation airtight with plastic film 25 days, obtains fermented substrate for subsequent use again;
3) preparation of cultivation matrix: before cultivation, add 200 times of liquid of dimethomorph mancozeb and amino acid SODm in fermented substrate, mix, making amino acid concentration in matrix is 100g/L, and MnZn total amount is 30g/L, and the massfraction of SODm is 6%; Add the carbendazim solution that 400 times of matrix volumes, massfraction are 50% again, mix rear adjustment water content of substrate 26%, obtain described Chinese medicinal materials plantation substrate, pack sealing is preserved, and can store 90 days under normal temperature.
Gained Chinese medicinal materials plantation substrate can directly add in organic fertilizer, for the cultivation of liliaceous plant Paris polyphylla.
Embodiment tri-
A kind of Chinese medicinal materials plantation substrate, its preparation method comprises the following steps:
1) the female preparation of planting of bacterial classification: get the waste mushroom stick after weedtree cultivating ganoderma, remove plastics bag, after fragmentation as strain raw material; Add brown sugar, 10% wheat bran, 8% Semen Maydis powder, 7% bicarbonate of ammonia, 10% calcium superphosphate of strain raw material weight 3%, after stirring in stirrer as bacterial classification compound material; Trichoderma is lived, and (living bacteria count of contained Trichoderma is 3.6 × 10 to the former powder of spore
9cfu/g) fully mix by weight 1:1500 with bacterial classification compound material, cover and ferment 20 days with white plastic sealed by film, spore is with mucus conglomerate or subglobose spore head, bacterium colony stretches rapidly, be flocculence or fine and close clump pencil, it is green that color is, and bacterium colony surface obtains the female kind of bacterial classification while being concentric wheel stripe shape; Fermentation condition is: pH value 8, CO
2concentration is 0.5%, and culture temperature is 28 DEG C, humidity 70%;
2) preparation of fermented substrate: get weedtree and plant the waste mushroom stick after glossy ganoderma, remove plastics bag, broken rear and calcium superphosphate 200:1 mixing and stirring by weight, obtains compound; Plant with compound by weight 1:250 mixing and stirring female the bacterial classification after fermentation,, pile fermentation airtight with plastic film 30 days, obtains fermented substrate for subsequent use again;
3) preparation of cultivation matrix: before cultivation, add 250 times of liquid of dimethomorph mancozeb and amino acid SODm in fermented substrate, mix, making amino acid concentration in matrix is 200g/L, and MnZn total amount is 40g/L, and the massfraction of SODm is 10%; Add the thiophanate_methyl solution that 600 times of matrix volumes, massfraction are 70% again, mix rear adjustment water content of substrate 30%, obtain described Chinese medicinal materials plantation substrate, pack sealing is preserved, and can store 90 days under normal temperature.
Gained Chinese medicinal materials plantation substrate can directly add the cultivation for Chinese medicinal materials Radix Apioris Fortunei (Radix Lespedezae Buergeri) in organic fertilizer.
Chinese medicinal materials plantation substrate of the present invention utilizes Trichoderma as microbial strains, by its secretion metabolite and with pathogenic bacteria competition for nutrients and growing space, suppress pathogenic bacteria growth, breed and infect, for plant growth provides good ecotope; Simultaneously Trichoderma also has and improves the defence capability of crop to disease, promotes seed growth, improves the effects such as plant vigor.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, all equalizations of doing according to the present patent application the scope of the claims change and modify, and all should belong to covering scope of the present invention.