CN1025336C - 3-挂亚甲基头孢烷亚砜酯的制备方法 - Google Patents
3-挂亚甲基头孢烷亚砜酯的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D501/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 5-thia-1-azabicyclo [4.2.0] octane ring systems, i.e. compounds containing a ring system of the formula:, e.g. cephalosporins; Such ring systems being further condensed, e.g. 2,3-condensed with an oxygen-, nitrogen- or sulfur-containing hetero ring
- C07D501/02—Preparation
- C07D501/08—Preparation by forming the ring or condensed ring systems
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D501/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 5-thia-1-azabicyclo [4.2.0] octane ring systems, i.e. compounds containing a ring system of the formula:, e.g. cephalosporins; Such ring systems being further condensed, e.g. 2,3-condensed with an oxygen-, nitrogen- or sulfur-containing hetero ring
- C07D501/14—Compounds having a nitrogen atom directly attached in position 7
- C07D501/16—Compounds having a nitrogen atom directly attached in position 7 with a double bond between positions 2 and 3
- C07D501/20—7-Acylaminocephalosporanic or substituted 7-acylaminocephalosporanic acids in which the acyl radicals are derived from carboxylic acids
- C07D501/22—7-Acylaminocephalosporanic or substituted 7-acylaminocephalosporanic acids in which the acyl radicals are derived from carboxylic acids with radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms, attached in position 3
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Cephalosporin Compounds (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
- Diaphragms For Electromechanical Transducers (AREA)
- Magnetic Record Carriers (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了在无水条件下,在一种氧代化合物和一种不饱和化合物同时存在下,用四氯化锡使3-甲基-2-(4-氯亚硫酰基-2-氧代-3-酰氨基-1-氮杂环丁基)-3-丁烯酸酯发生环化,制得具改进产率的3-挂亚甲基头孢烷亚砜酯的方法。上述氧代化合物例如是一种醚如乙醚、一种酮如丙酮或甲基·乙基酮;上述不饱和化合物例如是一种链烯烃如1-己烯或2-己烯,一种非共轭二烯烃如1,4-己二烯,一种环烯烃如环己烯,丙二烯类或一种非共轭环二烯烃如1,4-环己二烯。
Description
本发明涉及生产β-内酰胺抗菌素的中间体的方法,尤其是涉及生产7-取代的氨基-3-挂亚甲基头孢烷酯亚砜的改进方法。
3-挂亚甲基头孢烷亚砜酯的制备是通过已知的两步反应程序进行的,该两步反应程序包括:先将青霉素亚砜酯转化为氯亚硫酰基氮杂环丁酮,接着再使氯亚硫酰基氮杂环丁酮环化为3-挂亚甲基头孢烷亚砜酯。按Kukolja在美国专利4,165,315中所述,用N-氯卤化剂将青霉素亚砜酯转化为氯亚硫酰基氮杂环丁酮中间体,他又在美国专利4,081,440中介绍并要求保护4-氯亚硫酰基氮杂环丁酮中间体。Chou在美国专利4,075,203中介绍了通过在第一步程序中,在烯化氧和氧化钙的存在下,用N-氯卤化剂将青霉素亚砜酯转化为4-氯亚硫酰基氮杂环丁酮来制备3-挂亚甲基头孢烷亚砜酯,以后他又在美国专利4,289,695中介绍了一种改进方法,即通过在第一步程序中采用一种酸清洗剂交联聚合物聚乙烯吡啶来制备3-挂亚甲基头孢烷亚砜酯。
Kukolja在美国专利4,052,387中介绍了用一种路易斯酸型弗瑞德-克来福特催化剂、一种布朗斯台德质子酸型弗瑞德-克来福特催化剂或用一种复分解的形成阳离子剂使4-氯亚硫酰基氮杂环丁酮环化。其后,Chou在美国专利4,190,724中介绍并要求保护一种改进方法,该改进方法包括在氧代化合物如醚类、酮类或氧化膦存在下使4-氯亚硫酰基氮杂环丁酮进行Kukolja弗瑞德-克来福特催化环化。本发明对Kukolja方法提供了一种进一步的改进,该进一步改进包括在一种Chou氧代化合物和一种下文所定义的不饱和化合物同时存在下进行弗瑞德-
克来福特环化。
按照本发明的方法,氯亚硫酰基氮杂环丁酮同下述类型的弗瑞德-克来福特催化剂在惰性溶剂中起反应,所述弗瑞德-克来福特催化剂是在一种氧代化合物如醚、酮或氧化膦的存在下和在一种链烯烃、环烯烃、二烯烃、烃基丙二烯或环二烯烃的存在下能同氯亚硫酰基氮杂环丁酮形成一种配合物的一类催化剂,最好是四氯化锡。所制得的3-挂亚甲基头孢烷亚砜酯产物的改进产率一般约为分离产物的2%-5%。
本发明方法提供了一种由式1表示的3-挂亚甲基头孢烷亚砜酯,
其中,R是羧酸RCOOH残基,R1是羧基保护基。它是通过使由式2表示的4-氯亚硫酰基氮杂环丁-2-酮在一种氧化化合物和一种不饱和化合物的存在下以四氯化锡为催化剂发生环化而制得。所述不饱和化合物选自一种链烯、环烯、非共轭二烯或环二烯或一种丙二烯。式2为:
实施本发明方法是通过在约1-2摩尔的氧代化合物(以每摩尔式(2)计)
和不饱和化合物的存在下,将约1.5-3摩尔的四氯化锡(以每摩尔式(2)计)加到4-氯亚硫酰基氮杂环丁酮(2)的无水溶液中。
本发明方法是于约-15℃至约45℃,在惰性有机溶剂中进行的,所用的溶剂可以是本文收入参考的并在其中介绍了碱性环化法的美国专利4,052,387中由Kukolja所介绍的那些溶剂。优选的溶剂为质子惰性溶剂,它包括芳烃如苯、甲苯、二甲苯、氯苯等;卤代烃如氯仿、二氯甲烷、四氯化碳、1,2-二氯乙烷、1,1,2-三氯乙烷等,其中优选的溶剂为苯和甲苯。
如上所述,本方法是在无水条件下进行的、痕量的水是可以允许的,但是在本方法中需使反应混合物尽可能保持干燥。
本方法中所用的不饱和化合物的含量相当于为约1-2摩尔(以每摩尔亚硫酰氯(2)计),优选用量为约1-1.5摩尔不饱和化合物(以每摩尔亚硫酰氯(2)计),如每摩尔(2)用1摩尔不饱和化合物则可得到最佳的效果。
可用于本方法的不饱和化合物选自C2-C10链烯、C5-C10环烯、非共轭C5-C10二烯、C3-C10丙二烯类以及非共轭C6-C10环二烯。这类链烯烃、二烯烃、环烯烃、丙二烯类和环二烯烃的实例包括:链烯烃如乙烯、丙烯、1-丁烯、2-丁烯、1-戊烯、2-戊烯、1-己烯、3-己烯、1-庚烯、3-庚烯、1-辛烯、2-壬烯、3-壬烯、1-癸烯、5-癸烯等末端和非末端链烯烃;非共轭二烯烃如1,4-戊二烯、1,4-己二烯、3-甲基-1,4-己二烯、1,5-己二烯、1,5-庚二烯、1,6-庚二烯等二烯类;非共轭环二烯如1,4-环己二烯、1,4-环庚二烯等;丙二烯类如丙二烯、甲基丙二烯(1,2-丁二烯)、二甲基丙二烯(2,3-戊二烯)等;环烯烃如环戊烯、1-甲基环戊-2-烯、环己烯、环庚烯、环辛烯等。链烯烃、链二烯烃或丙二烯烃类可以是直链的或支链的并可被一个惰性基团所取代,最好在该链烯烃的饱和碳原子上取代。该不饱和化合物可被下述各基团所取代,这些
代,这些基团例如有烷基如甲基、乙基或异丙基;卤素(最好为非烯丙基位);酯化的羧基;芳基如苯基或甲苯基;硝基;氰基;和烷氧基如甲氧基或乙氧基;以及在本方法条件下为惰性的类似质子惰性取代基。
非末端链烯烃可用顺式或反式的。
本发明优选的不饱和化合物有链烯烃,如1-戊烯、2-戊烯、1-己烯、2-己烯、1-庚烯、1-辛烯和1-癸烯;环烯烃如环戊烯和环己烯。
实施本发明方法时,加入不饱和化合物的方式可以不同,例如可先将不饱和化合物加入在惰性溶剂中的亚硫酰氯(2)的溶液中,其后加入四氯化锡和氧代化合物的混合物。另一种方式是先将不饱和化合物同在惰性干燥溶剂中的四氯化锡和氧代化合物混合,再将该混合物加到(2)的溶液中。
本方法中所用的氧代化合物可以是在本文收入参考的文献,即美国专利4,190,724中由Chou所介绍的那些氧代化合物,它选自下列各基团:
其中,每个R2各为C1-C4烷基;每个R′ 2各为C1-C4烷基、C5-C6环烷基、苯基或被C1-C4烷基、C1-C4烷氧基或卤素所取代的苯基;Z为(-CH-)m、-CH2-CH2-O-CH2-CH2-或-CH2-O-CH2CH2CH2-;m为4或5;Z′为
其中,每个R0 2均为氢或C1-C4烷基,n为3-6,优选的氧代化合物为乙醚、二-正-丙醚、丙酮和甲基·乙基酮。
本发明方法按如下所述实施。将4-氯亚硫酰基氮杂环丁酮(2)溶于无水惰性有机溶剂中,使该溶液冷却至约10℃-15℃,并加入约1-2摩尔的不饱和化合物(以每摩尔(2)计)。搅拌该溶液约1-5分钟后迅速加入
在惰性溶剂中的四氯化锡和氧代化合物的冷浆(0-5℃),于约室温下搅拌所生成的复合物约6-12小时,经过滤或离心从反应混合物中分离该复合物,用惰性溶剂洗涤并用低级醇如甲醇使其分解,过滤、洗涤并干燥所生成的固体沉淀3-挂亚甲基头孢烷亚砜酯,以供继后使用。
本方法中所用的4-氯亚硫酰基氮杂环丁酮(2)为已知化合物,它在本文已收入参考的美国专利4,081,440中由Kukolja作过介绍。本方法中所用的起始原料的例子有3-甲基-2-(4-氯亚硫酰基-2-氧代-3-苯乙酰氨基-1-氮杂环丁基)-3-丁烯酸叔丁酯、3-甲基-2-(4-氯亚硫酰基-2-氧代-3-苯氧乙酰氨基-1-氮杂环丁基)-3-丁烯酸叔丁酯、3-甲基-2-(4-氯亚硫酰基-2-氧代-3-苯氧乙酰氨基-1-氮杂环丁基)-3-丁烯酸二苯甲酯、3-甲基-2-(4-氯亚硫酰基-2-氧代-3-苯乙酰氨基-1-氮杂环丁基)-3-丁烯酸对甲氧苄酯、3-甲基-2-(4-氯亚硫酰基-2-氧代-3-苯氧乙酰氨基-1-氮杂环丁基)-3-丁烯酸对硝基苄酯、3-甲基-2-(4-氯亚硫酰基-2-氧代-3-苯甲酰氨基-1-氮杂环丁基)-3-丁烯酸二苯甲酯、3-甲基-2-〔4-氯亚硫酰基-2-氧代-3-(α-叔丁氧羰基氨基苯乙酰氨基)-1-氮杂环丁基〕-3-丁烯酸对硝基苄酯、3-甲基-2-(4-氯亚硫酰基-2-氧代-3-苯氧乙酰氨基-1-氮杂环丁基)-3-丁烯酸苄酯和3-甲基-2-(4-氯亚硫酰基-2-氧代-3-乙酰氨基-1-氮杂环丁基)-3-丁烯酸二苯甲酯。当R为苄基、苯氧甲基或噻吩基甲基时,由式2表示的氮杂环丁酮(2)是优选的,式2的优选酯基R为苄基或取代的苄基,特别优选的R为对硝基苄基。
如上所述,将上述限定的那些不饱和化合物应用于已知环化方法中能改进3-挂亚甲基头孢烷亚砜酯的产率。一般所制得的亚砜酯的产率要比对照制备产率高2%-5%,该提高的产率对大量生产3-挂亚甲基头孢烷亚砜酯具有重大的经济价值。3-挂亚甲基头孢烷亚砜酯(1)用作用已知方法制备头孢菌素抗菌素,例如氯头孢菌素、7β-苯基甘氨酰氨基-3-
-头孢烯-4-羧酸的中间体,中间体(1)也可用于制备头孢菌素Ⅳ、7β-苯基甘氨酰氨基-3-甲基-3-头孢烯-4-羧酸。因此采用本发明方法提高了产率,也就能增加这些有价值抗菌素化合物的生产。
到目前为止,上述不饱和化合物究竟以什么方式起作用来提高式(1)的产率,尚不能确定。但一种可能性是存在的,即链烯烃、二烯烃和丙二烯烃起配位体的作用,使亚硫酰氯(2)和四氯化锡所形成的配合物比由Chou(同上文)用氧代化合物所形成的锡配合物进一步稳定。然而,不饱和化合物是否起配位体的作用,还是以某种其它方式起作用,目前都还不能确定。
下面所提供的各实施例进一步说明本发明,但并不构成对本发明的限制。
实施例1
将0.096mole的在800ml无水甲苯中的3-甲基-2-(4-氯亚硫酰基-2-氧代-3-苯氧乙酰氨基-1-氮杂环丁基)-3-丁烯酸对硝基苄酯的溶液冷却至10℃并加入0.096mole1-己烯。搅拌该溶液约1分钟后快速加入在甲苯中的四氯化锡-乙醚冷浆(0-5℃)。
上述四氯化锡-乙醚冷浆可按如下方法制备。将甲苯(25ml)冷却至0℃后加入9.2ml(0.089mole)无水乙醚,当温度保持在20℃以下时,加入四氯化锡(19.0ml,0.164mole),先将所得到的浆冷却至0-5℃后,再将其加到亚硫酰氯-己烯反应混合物中。
在加入四氯化锡-乙醚混合物后,于25℃-30℃搅拌所形成的不溶性复合物6至约12小时。
过滤桔红色复合物并用80ml甲苯洗涤,用250ml甲醇处理滤饼,使该复合物分解,得到一浅黄色浆液,于25-30℃搅拌该浆液15分钟,然后再于0-5℃搅拌约3小时45分钟。过滤该产物7β-苯氧乙酰氨基-
3-挂亚甲基头孢烷-4-羧酸对硝基苄酯1-氧化物,用100ml甲醇洗涤并用一真空烘箱于50℃干燥过夜,按上述进行的典型制备可得到约36克灰白色固体产物(73%,测定值经校正过)。
用下表所指定的不饱和化合物代替实施例1中所用的1-己烯进行下面各实施例。
实施 不饱和 试验 与对照相比
例号 化合物 次数 产率增加的平均%
2 1-庚烯 7 2.8
3 1-戊烯 8 3.0
4 1-癸烯 6 4.8
5 1-辛烯 6 4.6
6 2-己烯 8 3.6
7 2-戊烯 8 2.4
8 1,5-己二烯 4 3.2
9 环己烯 7 3.6
10 环戊烯 7 3.3
实施例11
7β-苯乙酰氨基-3-挂亚甲基头孢烷-4-羧酸二苯甲酯。
按实施例1的条件,在1-癸烯的存在下,使3-甲基-2-(4-氯亚硫酰基-2-氧代-3-苯乙酰氨基-1-氮杂环丁基)-3-丁烯酸二苯甲酯环化,制得标题化合物。
Claims (9)
2、按权利要求1的方法,其中,不饱和化合物是1,5-己二烯。
3、按权利要求1的方法,其中,不饱和化合物是C5-C10环烯烃。
4、按权利要求3的方法,其中,环烯烃是环戊烯或环己烯。
5、按权利要求1的方法,其中,不饱和化合物是C2-C10链烯烃。
6、按权利要求5的方法,其中,链烯烃是C5-C10链烯烃。
7、按权利要求6的方法,其中,链烯烃是直链或支链烯烃。
8、按权利要求7的方法,其中,链烯烃是1-戊烯、1-己烯、2-己烯、1-庚烯或1-辛烯。
9、按权利要求1-8中任一项的方法,其中,不饱和化合物的含量相当于以每摩尔4-氯亚硫酰基氮杂环丁酮计的约1-2摩尔不饱和化合物。
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AU623771B2 (en) | 1992-05-21 |
HU903058D0 (en) | 1990-09-28 |
JP2951362B2 (ja) | 1999-09-20 |
CA2016513A1 (en) | 1990-11-17 |
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AU5506490A (en) | 1990-11-22 |
IL94356A0 (en) | 1991-03-10 |
CA2016513C (en) | 2000-11-21 |
EP0398670B1 (en) | 1997-10-29 |
KR0142871B1 (ko) | 1998-07-15 |
ZA903587B (en) | 1992-01-29 |
DE69031637T2 (de) | 1998-03-12 |
ES2108687T3 (es) | 1998-01-01 |
US4950753A (en) | 1990-08-21 |
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HU208140B (en) | 1993-08-30 |
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DK0398670T3 (da) | 1997-12-15 |
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