Background technology
Leech is the general designation of Annelida on the animal classification (Annelida) Hirudinea (Hirrdinea).Known in the world have 500 approximately surplus kind, divide 4 orders.Have 2 orders, 8 sections, 33 genus in China, have nearly 100 kinds.Wherein the part kind and the human being's production life of Arhynchobdellae, doctor leech section, yellow leech section and mountain leech section have substantial connection.
Recorded this traditional Chinese medicine material of leech in one one of " Chinese people's republicanism pharmacopeia " version in 2010, stipulated that wherein leech is the dry all of the doctor leech animal leech Hirudo nipponia Whitman of section, the yellow leech animal whitmania Whitmania pigra Whitman of section or willow leaf leech Whitmania acranulate Whitman.Leech belongs to important traditional Chinese medicine material; Chinese patent drug especially for preparation treatment cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease; In recent years, along with medical science to the deepening continuously and develop of leech research, medical value obtains embodying gradually; Leech one of the well sold and in short supply traditional Chinese medicine that become international also has broad application prospects in the medicine and pharmacology in modern times.But the living environment of leech receives severe contamination in recent years, adds predatory the seizure, causes wild resource exhausted day by day, and imbalance between supply and demand is very outstanding, and the leech market demand increases gradually both at home and abroad, and the artificial feeding leech is imperative.
Leech adaptability is strong, and anti-hungry ability is strong, has extremely strong premunition, and the artificial feeding leech does not receive regional condition restriction, but support in the pond, support in the hole, cylinder is supported, bucket is supported etc., and it has characteristics such as not accounting for labour, feed cost are low, small investment, instant effect.At present, the cultural method of relevant leech is in rice field, pond, to carry out mostly, and the pond is raised less.And because factors such as natural environment and natural enemies, the hatching speed of leech is 15-25 days, and incubation rate is lower, has seriously limited the degree of large-scale farming leech.
The artificial incubation Whitmania pigra Whitman spawns is the key of culturing leech, and incubation rate and speed directly influence the output of leech, for propagating the critical stage of leech artificially.The artificial incubation leech normally passes through the Artificial Control temperature and humidity, or through creating the environment that is fit to hatching artificially, with the raising incubation rate.The report of artificial incubation has: the matrix of an one Chinese patent application CN101627747A method for hatching leeche and raising seedling of leeche and a CN101849530A hatching Whitmania pigra Whitman spawns wherein discloses employing soil or special matrix, hatching Whitmania pigra Whitman spawns under specific temperature and humidity conditions.
The present invention desires on the basis of above-mentioned technology, provides a kind of more easy, can improve the hatching m of hatching speed with the hatching quantity of artificial incubation leech.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that the present invention solved provides a kind of artificial method of not having soil hatching leech, and this method can improve the hatching speed and hatching quantity of leech.Hatching m of the present invention is to adopt following technical scheme to realize:
A, collection Whitmania pigra Whitman spawns;
B, preparation incubator box:
The material that (1) will have the suction performance of keeping humidity is tiled in the incubator box bottom as matrix, and the stromal surface moisture is 9%~12%;
(2) on matrix, lay the latticed suction layer of preserving moisture again, the preserve moisture sizing grid of layer of suction is put into one piece of Whitmania pigra Whitman spawns for suitable, and the control suction layer water content of preserving moisture is 121%-130% (percentage by weight);
(3) Whitmania pigra Whitman spawns is placed the grid of sponge;
(4) incubator box is done shading treatment;
C, hatching: control hatching the temperature inside the box is 18-22 ℃, and relative moisture is 83-88%.
Step B prepares in the incubator box; Material with water absorbing properties can adopt at least a in newspaper, cardboard, the foam; Selecting newspaper, cardboard, foam is that its water absorbing properties is good as the reason of matrix; Be beneficial to the damp condition that needs when keeping the hatching of ovum cocoon, being superior to existing incubator box is the moistening effect of matrix with soil.
Preserve moisture grid in the layer of the latticed suction of step B can be square, square, rhombus or circle, puts into one piece of ovum cocoon and is advisable with suitable.This suction preserve moisture the layer be by at least a processing in newspaper, cardboard, foam, the sponge, preferably process by sponge.The latticed material (especially latticed sponge) that adopts suction to preserve moisture; Both solved between the ovum cocoon and possibly cause the problem of damaging because variation of temperature runs foul of each other, pushes in hatching process; Solved the problem that keeps incubator box humidity again, and it is very convenient to operate.
And adopt the young leech after said method more helps collecting hatching, and at first adopt newspaper, cardboard, foam to replace soil as matrix, directly pierce in the soil in the time of can avoiding young leech to hatch shell, be unfavorable for concentrating the transfer of gathering; Moreover, because of latticed sponge itself just has a lot of pores not of uniform size, and keep moisture state always; Add leech and detest light, so after young leech hatches shell, for lucifuge; Can the very first time select the pore of suitable size to pierce, be more conducive to the concentrated of young leech like this and gather.
The shading treatment of step B in (4) step hides incubator box for adopting light screening material, or case lid is set on incubator box.Light screening material can adopt gobo or dark-brown glass.When using gobo, should keep gobo moistening.
For fear of too much such environmental effects hatching, also be beneficial to the temperature and humidity conditions and the hatching cost of control hatching, can incubator box be placed the indoor of normal temperature.
For simulating natural condition; Heating light source simulated solar irradiation is set directly over incubator box,, is arranged on apart from incubator box 30-40cm as adopting 200-500 watt incandescent lamp; Simulated solar irradiation is radiated at directly over the incubator box, and the position of heating light source can intensity luminous according to it and heating be set.
After 7-10 days, leech then hatches from the ovum cocoon.Key condition between the incubation period is: make hatching the temperature inside the box remain on 18-22 ℃; Because the ovum cocoon can not be exposed under the high light for a long time,, adopt gobo to hide so will cover with gobo or dark-brown glass; In time spray water in the time of need beginning on its surface to dry up; Keep the moistening of gobo, if adopt dark-brown glass to hide, the relative moisture that then need control incubator box remains on 83-88%; Whitmania pigra Whitman spawns must guard against and can not be soaked, otherwise can Whitmania pigra Whitman spawns is drowned.
The beneficial effect of hatching m of the present invention is:
1, broken the restriction of natural conditions, utilized the manual simulation to help the environment of hatching Whitmania pigra Whitman spawns, improved hatching speed, brooding time has shortened 8 days at least, and young leech hatching quantity obviously improves.
2, adopt the artificial pattern of concentrating hatching, the brooding time of unified ovum cocoon, favourable reducing hatches the difference between the individuality of back, and concentrates easily and gather, culture.
Embodiment
Below through to the description of specific embodiment of the invention explanation but do not limit the present invention.
One, the excavation of Whitmania pigra Whitman spawns, collection: slowly excavate ridge with little scoop, find as the egg size, when bulk off-white color foam-like or cotton-shaped ovum cocoon, noting setting about must be light, in order to avoid injure Whitmania pigra Whitman spawns, collection ovum cocoon.
Two, the making of hatching Whitmania pigra Whitman spawns case of the present invention: leave 6-8cm place, top at wooden case or bubble chamber, respectively open 2 holes all around, distance is advisable for 8-10cm between the Kong Yukong; Make things convenient for circulation of air; Newspaper, cardboard, foam as matrix, are tiled in the incubator box bottom, and thickness is 5-7cm; The stromal surface moisture is 9%~12%, and utilization can hide gobo or the dark-brown glass that whole incubator box covers fully on incubator box.
Finish and to collect the ovum cocoon of getting well after the above-mentioned preparation and hatch.
For investigating the beneficial effect of hatching m of the present invention; The inventor filters out close nearly 200 of size with the Whitmania pigra Whitman spawns that collects, according to the content hatching Whitmania pigra Whitman spawns of crossing patent application CN101627747A and CN101849530A record in hatching m of the present invention and the existing report.Three groups of hatching ms of the present invention, one group of CN101627747A, one group of CN101849530A, gets 30 ovum cocoons at random for every group and hatches according to method separately by totally five groups.
The comparative example 1: the method hatching Whitmania pigra Whitman spawns of pressing the CN101627747A record:
First case: hatch 10 ovum cocoons, temperature is controlled at 24-30 ℃, and humidity 70-80% after 12 days, hatches 152 young leech altogether.
Second case: hatch 10 ovum cocoons, temperature is controlled at 24-30 ℃, and humidity 70-80% after 12 days, hatches 161 young leech altogether.
The 3rd case: hatch 10 ovum cocoons, temperature is controlled at 24-30 ℃, and humidity 70-80% after 12 days, hatches 156 young leech altogether.
The comparative example 2: the content hatching Whitmania pigra Whitman spawns of pressing the CN101849530A record.
First case: hatch 10 ovum cocoons, temperature is controlled at 25-28 ℃, and humidity 75-80% after 10 days, hatches 167 young leech altogether.
Second case: hatch 10 ovum cocoons, temperature is controlled at 25-28 ℃, and humidity 75-80% after 10 days, hatches 153 young leech altogether.
The 3rd case: hatch 10 ovum cocoons, temperature is controlled at 25-28 ℃, and humidity 75-80% after 10 days, hatches 134 young leech altogether.
Embodiment 1 is hatched in the present invention
(1) preparation of incubator box:, be tiled in the chest bottom, the about 6cm of thickness with the moistening matrix made from newspaper, cardboard and foam; It is too many to must guard against moisture, and the stromal surface moisture is that 10.5%-10.8% has the moistening sponge of 10 grids to be tiled on the matrix with one again, then with excavating the fresh Whitmania pigra Whitman spawns of coming out; Put into the grid of sponge gently; With gobo incubator box is covered every case hatching 10 ovum cocoons, totally three casees then;
(2) artificial incubation process: incubator box is put into the indoor of normal temperature, gobo is soaked with clear water, cover fully on incubator box again; Be radiated at directly over the incubator box with 200 watts incandescent lamp simulated solars, after half an hour, carefully insert in the case with Hygrothermograph; Notice that the thermometer bottom can not contact at the bottom of the case and tank wall, temp. and humidity in the measure case must make the temperature inside the box remain on 18-22 ℃; Relative moisture remains on 83-88% and is advisable; Find that the sponge surface begins to have dried up, in time spray water, keep the moistening of sponge.
First case, after 7 days, 10 ovum cocoons hatch about 210 young leech altogether, can shorten 8 days at least than natural brooding time, and it are concentrated to emerge.
Second case, after 7 days, 10 ovum cocoons hatch about 223 young leech altogether, can shorten 8 days at least than natural brooding time, and it are concentrated to emerge.
The 3rd case, after 7 days, 10 ovum cocoons hatch about 209 young leech altogether, can shorten 8 days at least than natural brooding time, and it are concentrated to emerge.
Embodiment 2 is hatched in the present invention
(1) preparation of incubator box:, be tiled in the chest bottom, the about 5cm of thickness with the moistening matrix made from newspaper, cardboard and foam; It is too many to must guard against moisture, and the stromal surface moisture is about 9.1-9.7%; There is the moistening sponge of 10 grids to be tiled on the matrix with one again, with excavating 10 fresh Whitmania pigra Whitman spawns of coming out, puts into the grid of sponge gently then; With dark-brown glass incubator box is covered every case hatching 10 ovum cocoons, totally three casees at last;
(2) artificial incubation process: incubator box is put into the indoor of normal temperature, be radiated at directly over the incubator box with 300 watts incandescent lamp simulated solars, after half an hour; Carefully insert in the case with thermometer, notice that the Hygrothermograph bottom can not contact at the bottom of the case and tank wall, temp. and humidity in the measure case; Must make the temperature inside the box remain on 18-22 ℃, relative moisture remains on 83-88% and is advisable, and finds that the sponge surface begins to have dried up; To in time spray water, keep the moistening of sponge.
First case, after 7 days, 10 ovum cocoons hatch about 239 young leech altogether, and it is concentrated to emerge.
Second case, after 7 days, 10 ovum cocoons hatch about 243 young leech altogether, and it is concentrated to emerge.
The 3rd case, after 7 days, 10 ovum cocoons hatch about 256 young leech altogether, and it is concentrated to emerge.
Embodiment 3 is hatched in the present invention
(1) preparation of incubator box:, be tiled in the chest bottom, the about 7cm of thickness with the moistening matrix made from newspaper, cardboard and foam; It is too many to must guard against moisture, and the stromal surface moisture is about 11.0-11.5%, has the moistening sponge of 10 grids to be tiled on the matrix with one again; With excavating 10 fresh Whitmania pigra Whitman spawns of coming out, put into the grid of sponge gently then, with dark-brown glass incubator box is covered at last; Every case hatching 10 ovum cocoons, totally three casees;
(2) artificial incubation process: incubator box is put into the indoor of normal temperature, be radiated at directly over the incubator box with 500 watts incandescent lamp simulated solars, after half an hour; Carefully insert in the case with thermometer, notice that the thermometer bottom can not contact at the bottom of the case and tank wall, measures the temperature inside the box; Must make the temperature inside the box remain on 18-22 ℃, relative moisture remains on 83-88% and is advisable, and finds that the sponge surface begins to have dried up; To in time spray water, keep the moistening of sponge.
First case, after 7 days, 10 ovum cocoons hatch about 213 young leech altogether, and it is concentrated to emerge.
Second case, after 7 days, 10 ovum cocoons hatch about 262 young leech altogether, and it is concentrated to emerge.
The 3rd case, after 7 days, 10 ovum cocoons hatch about 238 young leech altogether, and it is concentrated to emerge.
The inventor finds in the artificial nothing soil of research hatching leech:
1, when preparing incubator box, if the stromal surface moisture is lower than 9%, then Whitmania pigra Whitman spawns can dry up because of lack of water, causes the dehydration of leech ovum and death, and may separate out the drowned ovum cocoon of moisture because of matrix above 17%.
2, when hatching, if temperature is lower than 18 ℃ or be higher than 22 ℃, ovum cocoon speed or hatching quantity can significantly reduce, if when temperature is lower than 18 ℃, ovum cocoon hatching speed is 15-20 days; If temperature is when being higher than 22 ℃, ovum cocoon hatching speed is 5-9 days, and after temperature was higher than 22 ℃, along with incubation temperature raises, young leech hatching quantity reduced.
Therefore adopt that the inventive method is artificial does not have a soil hatching leech, can no longer receive the constraint of natural environment, can intensify, scale hatching Whitmania pigra Whitman spawns, improve hatching quantity greatly, practice thrift the cost of collecting seedling, improve effective utilization rate of resource.