CN102362587B - Artificial soilless leech hatching method - Google Patents
Artificial soilless leech hatching method Download PDFInfo
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- CN102362587B CN102362587B CN 201110078535 CN201110078535A CN102362587B CN 102362587 B CN102362587 B CN 102362587B CN 201110078535 CN201110078535 CN 201110078535 CN 201110078535 A CN201110078535 A CN 201110078535A CN 102362587 B CN102362587 B CN 102362587B
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- 241000545744 Hirudinea Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- 230000012447 hatching Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 241000258623 Whitmania pigra Species 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 240000005528 Arctium lappa Species 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000003020 moisturizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002352 surface water Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 102000002322 Egg Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 33
- 108010000912 Egg Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 33
- 210000004681 ovum Anatomy 0.000 description 33
- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 4
- 241000243818 Annelida Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241001123468 Arhynchobdellida Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000024172 Cardiovascular disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000146385 Hirudo nipponia Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000124033 Salix Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000964941 Whitmania Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000026106 cerebrovascular disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000002526 effect on cardiovascular system Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009318 large scale farming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
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- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of culture, particularly relates to an artificial soilless leech hatching method and provides the artificial soilless leech hatching method aiming at improving leech hatching speed and hatching quantity. The artificial soilless leech hatching method comprises the steps of: A) collecting leech egg cocoons; B) preparing an incubator: 1) using materials with water absorbing and moisture preserving performance as mediums and flatly laying the mediums at the bottom of the incubator, wherein the surface water content of the mediums is 9-12 percent; 2) laying a latticed water absorbing and moisture preserving layer on the mediums, wherein the size of the lattices of the water absorbing and moisture preserving layer is suitable for putting a leech egg cocoon and the water content of the water absorbing and moisture preserving layer is 121-130 percent; 3) putting the leech egg cocoons in the lattices of sponge; and 4) conducting sunshade treatment to the incubator; and C) hatching: controlling the internal temperature of the incubator to be 18-22 DEG C and the relative humidity to be 83-88 percent. By adopting the method to hatch leeches, the restrictions of natural environments are avoided, the leech egg cocoons can be hatched intensively in a large scale, the hatching rate is greatly improved, the fry collection cost is saved and the effective utilization ratio of resources is improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the cultivation field, be specifically related to the method for artificial soilless leech hatching.
Background technology
Leech is the general designation of Annelida on animal classification (Annelida) Hirudinea (Hirrdinea).Known in the world approximately have more than 500 to plant, minute 4 orders.Have 2 orders, 8 sections, 33 genus in China, have nearly 100 kinds.Wherein Partial Species and the human being's production life close relation of Arhynchobdellae, doctor leech section, yellow leech section and mountain leech section.
Recorded this traditional Chinese medicine material of leech in one one of " Chinese people's republicanism pharmacopeia " version in 2010, stipulated that wherein leech is the dry all of the doctor leech animal leech Hirudo nipponia Whitman of section, the yellow leech animal whitmania Whitmania pigra Whitman of section or willow leaf leech Whitmania acranulate Whitman.Leech belongs to important traditional Chinese medicine material, Chinese patent drug especially for preparation treatment cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, in recent years, along with medical science deepening continuously and developing leech research, medical value is embodied gradually, leech one of the well sold and in short supply traditional Chinese medicine that become international also has broad application prospects in modern medicine and pharmacology.But the living environment of leech is subject to severe contamination in recent years, adds predatory the seizure, causes wild resource day by day exhausted, and imbalance between supply and demand is very outstanding, and the leech market demand increases gradually both at home and abroad, and the artificial feeding leech is imperative.
The leech strong adaptability, anti-hungry ability is strong, has extremely strong premunition, and the artificial feeding leech is not subjected to regional condition restriction, but support in the pond, support in the hole, cylinder is supported, bucket is supported etc., and it has characteristics such as not accounting for labour, feed cost are low, small investment, instant effect.At present, the cultural method of relevant leech is to carry out in rice field, pond mostly, and the pond is raised less.And due to factors such as natural environment and natural enemies, the hatching speed of leech is 15-25 days, and incubation rate is lower, has seriously limited the degree of large-scale farming leech.
The artificial incubation Whitmania pigra Whitman spawns is the key of cultivation leech, and incubation rate and speed directly affect the output of leech, is the critical stage of artificial aquaculture water leech.The artificial incubation leech normally passes through the Artificial Control temperature and humidity, or by creating artificially the environment that is fit to hatching, with the raising incubation rate.The report of artificial incubation has: the matrix of Chinese patent application CN101627747A method for hatching leeche and raising seedling of leeche and a CN101849530A hatching Whitmania pigra Whitman spawns, employing soil or special matrix are wherein disclosed, and hatch Whitmania pigra Whitman spawns under specific temperature and humidity conditions.
The present invention wants on the basis of above-mentioned technology, provides a kind of more easy, can improve the hatching speed of artificial incubation leech and the hatching m of hatching quantity.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem solved by the invention is to provide a kind of method of artificial soilless leech hatching, and the method can improve hatching speed and the hatching quantity of leech.Hatching m of the present invention is realized by the following technical solutions:
A, collection Whitmania pigra Whitman spawns;
B, preparation incubator box:
The material that (1) will have the suction performance of keeping humidity is tiled in bottom incubator box as matrix, and the stromal surface moisture is 9%～12%;
(2) lay latticed suction moisturizing layer on matrix, the sizing grid of suction moisturizing layer is the suitable one piece of Whitmania pigra Whitman spawns of putting into again, and controlling suction moisturizing layer water content is 121%-130% (percentage by weight);
(3) Whitmania pigra Whitman spawns is placed in the grid of sponge;
(4) incubator box is done shading treatment;
C, hatching: controlling hatching the temperature inside the box is 18-22 ℃, and relative moisture is 83-88%.
Step B prepares in incubator box, material with water absorbing properties can adopt at least a in newspaper, cardboard, foam, selecting newspaper, cardboard, foam is that its water absorbing properties is good as the reason of matrix, be beneficial to the damp condition that needs when keeping the hatching of ovum cocoon, be better than the existing moistening effect of incubator box take soil as matrix.
That grid in the latticed suction moisturizing of step B layer can be is square, square, rhombus or circle, puts into one piece of ovum cocoon and is advisable with suitable.This suction moisturizing layer is by at least a making in newspaper, cardboard, foam, sponge, is preferably made by sponge.Adopt the latticed material (especially latticed sponge) of suction moisturizing, both solved between the ovum cocoon and may collide with each other, push due to the variation of temperature in hatching process, caused the problem of damaging, solved again the problem that keeps incubator box humidity, and it is very convenient to operate.
And adopt young leech after said method more is conducive to collect hatching, and at first adopt newspaper, cardboard, foam to replace soil as matrix, directly pierce in soil in the time of can avoiding young leech to hatch shell, be unfavorable for concentrating the transfer of gathering; Moreover, because latticed sponge itself just has a lot of pores not of uniform size, and keep moisture state always, add leech and detest light, so after young leech hatches shell, for lucifuge, can select the pore of suitable size to pierce the very first time, be more conducive to like this concentrated of young leech and gather.
The shading treatment of step B in (4) step hides incubator box for the employing light screening material, or case lid is set on incubator box.Light screening material can adopt gobo or dark-brown glass.When using gobo, should keep gobo moistening.
For fear of too much such environmental effects hatching, also be beneficial to temperature and humidity conditions and the hatching cost of controlling hatching, incubator box can be placed in the indoor of normal temperature.
For simulating natural condition, heating light source simulated solar irradiation is set directly over incubator box, as adopting the incandescent lamp of 200-500 watt, is arranged on apart from incubator box 30-40cm, simulated solar irradiation is radiated at directly over incubator box, and the position of heating light source can intensity luminous according to it and heating be set.
After 7-10 days, leech hatches from the ovum cocoon.Key condition between the incubation period is: make hatching the temperature inside the box remain on 18-22 ℃; Because the ovum cocoon can not be exposed under high light for a long time, so will cover with gobo or dark-brown glass, adopt gobo to hide, in time spray water when needing to begin on its surface to dry up, keep the moistening of gobo, if adopt dark-brown glass to hide, the relative moisture that need control incubator box remains on 83-88%; Whitmania pigra Whitman spawns be must guard against and can not be soaked, otherwise can Whitmania pigra Whitman spawns is drowned.
The beneficial effect of hatching m of the present invention is:
1, broken the restriction of natural conditions, utilized the manual simulation to be conducive to the environment of hatching Whitmania pigra Whitman spawns, improved hatching speed, brooding time has shortened 8 days at least, and young leech hatching quantity obviously improves.
2, adopt the pattern of artificial concentrated hatching, the brooding time of unified ovum cocoon, the favourable difference that reduces to hatch between rear individuality, and easily concentrate collection, cultivation.
Embodiment
Below by specific description of embodiments of the present invention the explanation but do not limit the present invention.
One, the excavation of Whitmania pigra Whitman spawns, collection: slowly excavate ridge with little scoop, find as the egg size, when bulk off-white color foam-like or cotton-shaped ovum cocoon, noting setting about must be light, in order to avoid injure Whitmania pigra Whitman spawns, collection ovum cocoon.
Two, the making of hatching Whitmania pigra Whitman spawns case of the present invention: at wooden case or bubble chamber from 6-8cm place, top, surrounding is respectively opened 2 holes, between Kong Yukong, distance is advisable for 8-10cm, facilitate circulation of air, newspaper, cardboard, foam as matrix, are tiled in bottom incubator box, and thickness is 5-7cm, the stromal surface moisture is 9%～12%, and the gobo that utilization can cover whole incubator box fully or dark-brown glass hide on incubator box.
Can hatch collecting good ovum cocoon after finishing above-mentioned preparation.
For investigating the beneficial effect of hatching m of the present invention, the inventor filters out close nearly 200 of size with the Whitmania pigra Whitman spawns that collects, according to the content hatching Whitmania pigra Whitman spawns of crossing patent application CN101627747A and CN101849530A record in hatching m of the present invention and existing report.Three groups of hatching ms of the present invention, one group of CN101627747A, one group of CN101849530A, gets at random 30 ovum cocoons for every group and hatches according to method separately by totally five groups.
The comparative example 1: the method hatching Whitmania pigra Whitman spawns of pressing the CN101627747A record:
The first case: hatch 10 ovum cocoons, temperature is controlled at 24-30 ℃, and humidity 70-80% after 12 days, hatches 152 young leech altogether.
The second case: hatch 10 ovum cocoons, temperature is controlled at 24-30 ℃, and humidity 70-80% after 12 days, hatches 161 young leech altogether.
The 3rd case: hatch 10 ovum cocoons, temperature is controlled at 24-30 ℃, and humidity 70-80% after 12 days, hatches 156 young leech altogether.
The comparative example 2: the content hatching Whitmania pigra Whitman spawns of pressing the CN101849530A record.
The first case: hatch 10 ovum cocoons, temperature is controlled at 25-28 ℃, and humidity 75-80% after 10 days, hatches 167 young leech altogether.
The second case: hatch 10 ovum cocoons, temperature is controlled at 25-28 ℃, and humidity 75-80% after 10 days, hatches 153 young leech altogether.
The 3rd case: hatch 10 ovum cocoons, temperature is controlled at 25-28 ℃, and humidity 75-80% after 10 days, hatches 134 young leech altogether.
Embodiment 1 is hatched in the present invention
(1) preparation of incubator box: with the moistening matrix made from newspaper, cardboard and foam, be tiled in bottom chest, thickness is 6cm approximately, must guard against moisture too many, the stromal surface moisture is that 10.5%-10.8% has the moistening sponge of 10 grids to be tiled on matrix with one again, the fresh Whitmania pigra Whitman spawns that then will excavate out, put into gently the grid of sponge, then with gobo, incubator box is covered every case hatching 10 ovum cocoons, totally three casees;
(2) artificial incubation process: incubator box is put into the indoor of normal temperature, gobo is soaked with clear water, cover fully on incubator box again, be radiated at directly over incubator box with the incandescent lamp simulated solars of 200 watts, after half an hour, carefully insert in case with Hygrothermograph, note the thermometer bottom can not contact case at the bottom of and tank wall, measure temp. and humidity in case, must make the temperature inside the box remain on 18-22 ℃, relative moisture remains on 83-88% and is advisable, and finds that the sponge surface begins to have dried up, to in time spray water, keep the moistening of sponge.
The first case, after 7 days, 10 ovum cocoons hatch approximately 210 young leech altogether, can shorten at least 8 days than natural brooding time, and it are concentrated to emerge.
The second case, after 7 days, 10 ovum cocoons hatch approximately 223 young leech altogether, can shorten at least 8 days than natural brooding time, and it are concentrated to emerge.
The 3rd case, after 7 days, 10 ovum cocoons hatch approximately 209 young leech altogether, can shorten at least 8 days than natural brooding time, and it are concentrated to emerge.
Embodiment 2 is hatched in the present invention
(1) preparation of incubator box: with the moistening matrix made from newspaper, cardboard and foam, be tiled in bottom chest, thickness is 5cm approximately, must guard against moisture too many, the stromal surface moisture is about 9.1-9.7%,, then have the moistening sponge of 10 grids to be tiled on matrix with one, 10 fresh Whitmania pigra Whitman spawns that then will excavate out, put into gently the grid of sponge, with dark-brown glass, incubator box is covered at last every case hatching 10 ovum cocoons, totally three casees;
(2) artificial incubation process: incubator box is put into the indoor of normal temperature, be radiated at directly over incubator box with the incandescent lamp simulated solars of 300 watts, after half an hour, carefully insert in case with thermometer, note the Hygrothermograph bottom can not contact case at the bottom of and tank wall, measure temp. and humidity in case, must make the temperature inside the box remain on 18-22 ℃, relative moisture remains on 83-88% and is advisable, and finds that the sponge surface begins to have dried up, to in time spray water, keep the moistening of sponge.
The first case, after 7 days, 10 ovum cocoons hatch approximately 239 young leech altogether, and it is concentrated to emerge.
The second case, after 7 days, 10 ovum cocoons hatch approximately 243 young leech altogether, and it is concentrated to emerge.
The 3rd case, after 7 days, 10 ovum cocoons hatch approximately 256 young leech altogether, and it is concentrated to emerge.
Embodiment 3 is hatched in the present invention
(1) preparation of incubator box: with the moistening matrix made from newspaper, cardboard and foam, be tiled in bottom chest, thickness is 7cm approximately, must guard against moisture too many, and the stromal surface moisture is about 11.0-11.5%, there is the moistening sponge of 10 grids to be tiled on matrix with one again, 10 fresh Whitmania pigra Whitman spawns that then will excavate are out put into the grid of sponge gently, with dark-brown glass, incubator box are covered at last, every case hatching 10 ovum cocoons, totally three casees;
(2) artificial incubation process: incubator box is put into the indoor of normal temperature, be radiated at directly over incubator box with the incandescent lamp simulated solars of 500 watts, after half an hour, carefully insert in case with thermometer, note the thermometer bottom can not contact case at the bottom of and tank wall, measure the temperature inside the box, must make the temperature inside the box remain on 18-22 ℃, relative moisture remains on 83-88% and is advisable, and finds that the sponge surface begins to have dried up, to in time spray water, keep the moistening of sponge.
The first case, after 7 days, 10 ovum cocoons hatch approximately 213 young leech altogether, emerge concentrated.
The second case, after 7 days, 10 ovum cocoons hatch approximately 262 young leech altogether, and it is concentrated to emerge.
The 3rd case, after 7 days, 10 ovum cocoons hatch approximately 238 young leech altogether, and it is concentrated to emerge.
The inventor finds in the research artificial soilless leech hatching:
1, when preparing incubator box, if the stromal surface moisture lower than 9%, Whitmania pigra Whitman spawns can dry up because of lack of water, causes the dehydration of leech ovum and dead, may separate out moisture because of matrix and is drowned the ovum cocoon and surpass 17%.
2, when hatching, if temperature lower than 18 ℃ or higher than 22 ℃, ovum cocoon speed or hatching quantity can significantly reduce, if temperature during lower than 18 ℃, ovum cocoon hatching speed is 15-20 days; If temperature is during higher than 22 ℃, ovum cocoon hatching speed is 5-9 days, and temperature is higher than after 22 ℃, and along with incubation temperature raises, young leech hatching quantity reduces.
Therefore adopt the inventive method artificial soilless leech hatching, can no longer be subjected to the constraint of natural environment, can intensive, scale hatching Whitmania pigra Whitman spawns, greatly improve hatching quantity, save the cost of collecting seedling, improve the efficient utilization of resource rate.
Claims (11)
1. the method for artificial soilless leech hatching, it is characterized in that: it is to be completed by following steps:
A, collection Whitmania pigra Whitman spawns;
B, preparation incubator box:
The material that (1) will have the suction performance of keeping humidity is tiled in bottom incubator box as matrix, and the stromal surface moisture is 9%～12%;
(2) lay latticed suction moisturizing layer on matrix, the sizing grid of suction moisturizing layer is the suitable one piece of Whitmania pigra Whitman spawns of putting into again, and controlling suction moisturizing layer water content is 121%-130%;
(3) Whitmania pigra Whitman spawns is placed in the grid of sponge;
(4) incubator box is done shading treatment;
C, hatching:
Controlling hatching the temperature inside the box is 18-22 ℃, and relative moisture is 83-88%.
2. the method for artificial soilless leech hatching according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the grid in latticed suction moisturizing layer is square, rhombus or circle.
3. the method for artificial soilless leech hatching according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: the described suction moisturizing of step B layer is by at least a making in newspaper, cardboard, foam, sponge.
4. the method for artificial soilless leech hatching according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: the described suction moisturizing of step B layer is to be made by sponge.
5. the method for artificial soilless leech hatching according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the described material with suction performance of keeping humidity of step B is at least a in newspaper, cardboard, foam.
6. the method for artificial soilless leech hatching according to claim 1 is characterized in that: step B described shading treatment of (4) step is for adopting light screening material to hide incubator box, or case lid is set on incubator box.
7. the method for artificial soilless leech hatching according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: described light screening material is gobo or dark-brown glass.
8. the method for artificial soilless leech hatching according to claim 7, is characterized in that: when adopting gobo to hide incubator box, keep gobo moistening.
9. the method for artificial soilless leech hatching according to claim 1, is characterized in that: heating light source simulated solar irradiation is set directly over incubator box in step C.
10. the method for artificial soilless leech hatching according to claim 9 is characterized in that: adopt the incandescent lamp of 200-500 watt, be arranged on apart from incubator box 30-40cm, simulated solar irradiation is radiated at the incubator box top.
11. the method for artificial soilless leech hatching according to claim 1 is characterized in that: incubator box is placed in the indoor hatching of normal temperature.
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| CN 201110078535 CN102362587B (en) | 2011-03-30 | 2011-03-30 | Artificial soilless leech hatching method |
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Families Citing this family (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103283686B (en) * | 2013-06-17 | 2015-02-25 | 抚州市水产科学研究所 | Leech soilless breeding method |
| CN103493786B (en) * | 2013-09-10 | 2015-05-27 | 江苏农林职业技术学院 | Method for improving leech larva culturing |
| CN103636564A (en) * | 2013-11-19 | 2014-03-19 | 靖江市明星水蛭养殖专业合作社 | Artificial soilless leech hatching method |
| CN103636568B (en) * | 2013-12-02 | 2016-06-29 | 安徽冠禅生物科技有限公司 | A kind of cultural method of Hirudo |
| CN103918619A (en) * | 2014-05-05 | 2014-07-16 | 徐加临 | Leech egg hatching medium |
| CN104304121B (en) * | 2014-10-24 | 2017-11-07 | 中国水产科学研究院黑龙江水产研究所 | A kind of method of the bionical hatching salmon embryonated egg in field |
| CN104365562A (en) * | 2014-11-07 | 2015-02-25 | 苏州大学 | Leech spawning breeding device and method |
| CN104351144A (en) * | 2014-11-07 | 2015-02-18 | 苏州大学 | Leech larva culture device and larva culture method |
| CN104304196A (en) * | 2014-11-17 | 2015-01-28 | 湖州南浔康利源特种水产专业合作社 | Leech seed production method |
| CN104381224A (en) * | 2014-12-20 | 2015-03-04 | 抚州市金地农业科技有限公司 | Leech egg hatching device and hatching method |
| CN104904674A (en) * | 2015-06-19 | 2015-09-16 | 广西复鑫益生物科技有限公司平南分公司 | Breeding method for young leeches |
| CN106035240A (en) * | 2016-06-01 | 2016-10-26 | 吴江市明星产业种养殖中心 | Leech incubating method |
| CN113940298A (en) * | 2021-12-08 | 2022-01-18 | 山东汶源生物科技有限公司 | 48-hour high-efficiency germination and launching method for leech egg cocoons |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| RU2070391C1 (en) * | 1992-07-24 | 1996-12-20 | Коллективная медицинская научно-внедренческая фирма "Биокон" | Method for rearing medicinal leeches |
| CN101720723B (en) * | 2009-12-11 | 2011-11-16 | 重庆时珍阁普生药业有限公司 | Cultivation method of leeches in drought environment |
| CN101766154B (en) * | 2010-01-20 | 2011-06-01 | 龚元 | Method for high-density green ecological culture of blood-sucking leeches |
| CN101849530B (en) * | 2010-06-23 | 2011-10-19 | 南京农业大学 | Substrate for hatching Whitmania pigra Whitman spawns |
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