CN102362315B - 新电介质氧化膜及其制造方法 - Google Patents

新电介质氧化膜及其制造方法 Download PDF

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CN102362315B
CN102362315B CN201080013309.4A CN201080013309A CN102362315B CN 102362315 B CN102362315 B CN 102362315B CN 201080013309 A CN201080013309 A CN 201080013309A CN 102362315 B CN102362315 B CN 102362315B
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metal
film
metal oxide
precursor
oxide
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CN102362315A (zh
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马克·菲利普斯
特拉维斯·托马斯
所罗·弗格森
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SBA Materials Inc
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Abstract

通过从金属氧化物前体、溶剂和环氧化物的混合物生产溶胶以及由该溶胶制备金属氧化物材料来制备电介质氧化物材料。在各种变型中,该混合物还可以包括共溶剂、一种或多种其他金属氧化物前体、水、或玻璃形成氧化物的前体或其任意组合。所制备的电介质氧化物材料可以是具有高K值、低漏电以及低介电损耗角正切值的薄膜的形式。

Description

新电介质氧化膜及其制造方法
相关申请的交叉参考
本申请要求2009年3月23日提交的美国临时专利申请第61/162,549号的优先权,其通过引用结合于此。
技术领域
本发明一般地涉及电介质氧化物材料。
背景技术
在相同或更小的占用空间中具有更大容量的集成电路正在被开发。在这样的电路中,通过使用高介电常数膜产生具有更高电容的栅氧化物绝缘子,可以增加晶体管驱动电流。
发明内容
提供了一种新电介质氧化物族,以及通过溶液化学途径制造这些氧化物的新工艺。该工艺可应用于将这些材料制造为大体积物体或膜或纤维。材料作为薄膜(<10μm)可找到立即应用,其可以被用在期望中等或高介电常数(κ>10)的应用中,或可以被用在期望与低色散结合的高折射率或中等折射率的应用中。
在一个方面,提供了一种制造金属氧化物材料的方法。该方法包括:a)从包括环氧化物、金属氧化物的前体、以及溶剂的混合物产生溶胶,以及b)从该溶胶制备金属氧化物材料。该前体可以是包括d0过渡金属离子的任何过渡金属离子的氧化物的前体,以及在具体实施例中,该前体是Ti(IV)、Zr(IV)、Hf(IV)、Nb(V)或Ta(V)的氧化物的前体。该前体可以是期望金属的醇盐或金属盐或与无机或有机配位体结合的金属离子。混合物还可以包括一种或多种其他金属氧化物的一种或多种前体,也被称作“改性剂”。在各种实施例中,一种或多种其他金属氧化物(或改性剂)可以是二价金属离子(例如Sr、Ba、Zn或Pb)的氧化物;一价离子(例如Li、Na、Cs或Tl)的氧化物;三价离子(例如Al、Bi或Ce)的氧化物;或四价离子(例如Sn(IV)、Th(IV)、Ce(IV)或U(IV))的氧化物;或其任意组合。改性剂的前体可以是期望金属的醇盐、或金属盐或与无机或有机配位体结合的金属离子。具有或不具有其他金属氧化物的前体,混合物还可以包括共溶剂、水或玻璃形成氧化物的前体、或其组合。因此,在包括环氧化物、金属氧化物前体和溶剂的任何实施例中,混合物还可以包括至少一种改性剂、共溶剂、水或玻璃形成氧化物的前体、或其任意组合。在特定实施例中,玻璃形成氧化物前体可以是无机玻璃形成氧化物前体、或有机玻璃形成氧化物前体。在特定实施例中,玻璃形成氧化物是SiO2、B2O3、P2O5、GeO2、As2O3或TeO2
在特定实施例中,金属氧化物的前体可以是异丙氧基钛、乙醇钽、正丙醇锆、乙氧醇铌、乙醇铪或Ti、Nb、Ta、Hf或Zr的其他盐或螯合物或醇盐。在包括玻璃形成氧化物的前体的任何实施例中,玻璃形成氧化物前体的示例包括但不限于:a)用于氧化物B2O3的H3BO3或硼酸三乙酯;用于氧化物SiO2的原硅酸四乙酯或其他硅酸酯;用于氧化物P2O5的H3PO4;用于氧化物GeO2的异丙醇锗或其他Ge(IV)酯;用于氧化物As2O5的H3AsO4;用于氧化物As2O3的AsCl3;以及用于氧化物TeO2的乙醇碲或TeBr4
在各种实施例中,可以通过干燥溶胶来产生膜,然后烘焙该膜,退火该膜,或者既烘焙又退火该膜来由溶胶制备金属氧化物材料。在一些实施例中,退火可以涉及使用激光来加热该膜。
在多个方面,该方法可以提供:金属氧化物或包括玻璃态的金属和非金属氧化物的混合物;金属氧化物材料,包括被玻璃态(其在特定实施例中可以是顺电玻璃态)环绕的晶态氧化物的纳米级颗粒的金属氧化物材料;环绕玻璃态,包括形成具有为10或更高至300或两者之间的任意值或值的范围的介电常数κ的材料的金属氧化物或金属和非金属氧化物的混合物,实际κ值是应用相关的,例如,蓄能电容器可以具有κ值300,而透明栅氧化物可以仅具有κ值10;具有在大约从1.45至大约2.6的范围内或两者之间的任意值或值的范围的折射率n的金属氧化物材料;或其任意组合。
同样,该方法可以提供铁电的、磁性的或多铁性的金属氧化物材料。
在各种实施例中,金属氧化物材料可以是薄层膜、糊状物、单块或纤维的形式。此外,在各种实施例中,金属氧化物材料可以通过旋涂、浸渍涂布、辊式涂布、拉涂或喷涂;或通过印刷技术;或通过铸造单块;或通过拉纤维来制备。
在特定实施例中,金属氧化物材料包括Ti(IV)、Zr(IV)、Hf(IV)、Nb(V)、Ta(V)的氧化物;二价金属离子(例如Sr、Ba、或Pb)的氧化物;一价离子(例如Li、Na、或Tl)的氧化物;三价离子(例如Al、Ce或Bi)的氧化物;或其组合。
在另一方面,提供了使用在此描述的任意方法制备的溶胶。还提供了通过将溶胶应用至表面,然后干燥所应用的溶胶来由该溶胶产生任何干燥膜。还可以提供通过烘焙干燥膜来去除掉溶剂以由干燥膜产生的任何膜,如同通过在大约250℃至800℃的温度范围内退火干燥膜来由干燥膜产生任何退火膜一样。在各种实施例中,退火膜可以是非结晶的或可以是部分结晶的。
在另一方面,提供了根据在此描述的方法制备的任何金属氧化物材料。
附图说明
为了更完整地理解本发明,现在结合附图参考下面的描述,附图中:
图1是Ta2O5:GeO2膜的I-V曲线,其中Tox=115nm,以及κ=90;
图2是PZT:玻璃膜的I-V曲线,示出了最高级泄露特性,其中在1MHz,氧化物厚度是119nm,κ=19.4,以及损耗角正切=1.3%;
图3是Bi2O3·ZrO2·TiO2·GeO2膜的I-V曲线,在1MHz具有κ=88;
图4是示出了具有高色散系数的两个高n膜和一个n~1.5膜的色散曲线的曲线;
图5是示出了由钛醇盐和环氧丙醇组成的在295°K旋转干燥的高折射膜的色散曲线的曲线;
图6是列出了膜的成分的表;
图7是列出了其他示例性膜及其属性的表。
具体实施方式
在各种实施例中,根据此处的膜和其他结构一般地包括与诸如SiO2的主族“玻璃形成体”金属离子结合的具有d0或d10电子结构的金属离子。对于κ>10的材料,这些离子可以是d0过渡金属离子,例如在传统高κ氧化物中通常能找到的Ti(IV)、Zr(IV)、Hf(IV)、Nb(V)和Ta(V)。这些离子被单独使用或与一种或多种改性剂离子结合使用,改性剂是典型的二价金属离子,例如Sr、Ba、Zn或Pb,但是也可以是一价(例如Li、Na、Cs、Tl)或三价(例如Al、Ce、Bi)或其组合。金属离子也可以与诸如SiO2、B2O3、P2O5、GeO2、As2O3和TeO3的主族“玻璃形成体”氧化物结合使用。
通常,金属离子可以是任何过渡金属的离子。在涉及高k电介质的特定实施例中,金属可以是Ti、Zr、Nb、Ta或Hf。
改性剂离子可以是任何碱金属、碱土金属、镧系元素、锕类、或主族金属(例如Al、Ga、In、Sn、Sb、Tl、Pb或Bi)。
在一些实施例(例如光学膜或透明导电氧化物)中,在缺少过渡金属时,单独或与其他改性剂或玻璃形成体结合使用改性剂可以是有利的。
膜和其他结构可以通过使用传统溶胶-凝胶化学的衍生物的工艺来制造,其中金属氧化物的源可以是盐或醇盐。在此描述的配方和先前已知的溶胶-凝胶配方之间的主要区别是包括环氧化物部分,在一些实施例中具有包含环氧化物部分的共溶剂。这具有从金属盐(在被干燥或沉积时可以复原为固态盐)产生形成凝胶的溶胶的效果。包括环氧化物部分还通过允许将更高浓度的水包括在使用金属醇盐的配方中而不引入沉积或过快的胶凝,对传统溶胶-凝胶化学进行了改进。结果是更高质量的膜,可以被均匀地旋转在300mm直径的衬底上,并且高厚的膜(300nm-10um)更不易泄漏。
在一些实施例中,中等至高κ膜通过以类似于那些已知的高κ态(例如钛酸钡、锆钛酸铅、氧化钽、和二氧化铪)金属的比例结合金属离子来合成。在缺少玻璃形成体时,如在此所述制成的溶胶形成具有与高κ氧化物类似或相同的合成物的电介质膜。这样的膜可以具有高κ值,但是可能漏电,并且具有高耗散因数(损耗角正切)。在与玻璃形成体种类的结合中,金属离子可以形成玻璃或具有被玻璃态环绕的晶体氧化物的纳米级颗粒的颗粒合成物。玻璃态可以被描述为顺电(PE)膜,因为其高度极化,但是没有被组织为晶畴,类似于铁电体加热至超过其居里温度。PE玻璃膜的介电常数可以等于、小于或大于成分上类似“母”铁电态的介电常数。然而,漏电和介电损耗角正切与类似制备的FE膜相比可以大大减少。这可能由于缺少环绕其发生泄漏发生的颗粒或畴(domain),并且在PE膜中缺少矫顽磁场。
具有减少泄漏和介电损失的薄高κ膜可以具有在用于能量存储的薄膜或多层电容器中或在晶片上或在电介质堆(在CMOS器件中)中的去耦电容器中的应用,或作为栅氧化物,尤其是在透明电子中。
在一些实施例中,通过在溶胶中搁置退火时形成PE玻璃态的这些颗粒,可以有利地将纳米级铁电(FE)颗粒与玻璃态结合。这样的聚合体膜可以将来自FE颗粒的增加的κ与来自玻璃态的改进的绝缘特性的降低泄漏相结合。溶胶被用作用于肉眼可见的FE粉的粘合剂的情况也是这样。在前者的情况中,合成物可以被用作薄膜,例如通过浸渍涂布或旋涂。在后者的情况中,产生糊状物,其可以被用于大块或厚膜电容器,包括嵌入在印刷线路板上的电容器。
在各种实施例中,合成高折射率(高n)膜(或大块玻璃)的有效策略是将作为氧化物(例如Ti(V)或Ta(V))的以高折射率(高n)闻名的d0过渡金属离子与诸如GeO2或TeO2的高折射玻璃形成体离子结合。TeO2玻璃的典型低玻璃转变温度使该平台非常适于需要低退火或回流温度的应用。诸如Ba2+、Tl+和/或Pb2+的重金属改进剂离子还可以稳定该膜,降低Tg,并增加折射率。这样的光学膜具有在数字成像和电信元件中的应用。
在此描述的用于制造高κ或高n氧化物的实施例从在有机液体中散布溶胶开始,然后被应用至衬底并热硫化。该溶胶包括以下:
1.至少一金属氧化物的前体。该前体可以是,但不限于,金属醇盐、盐或螯合物。唯一要求是该前体是在期望溶剂(见下面)中可溶的。
2.溶剂,例如但不限于,类似甲醇的醇,或类似2-甲氧基乙醇的乙二醇醚。特定金属受益于与诸如醋酸的羧酸或诸如乙酰乙酸乙酯的β-二酮的稳定性。总之,该溶剂应与溶液中的金属离子兼容,并且还产生很好满足期望的沉积处理的溶胶。溶剂的这些特性通常根据经验来确定。低分子量醇、醚以及乙二醇醚可以是好的溶剂候选者。
3.环氧化物,例如环氧乙烷、环氧丙烷、环氧丙醇、或烷基缩水甘油醚或酯、或包括至少一环氧化物族的其他化合物。
溶胶可以可选地包括下面的任意组合:
4.共溶剂,通常具有比(2)中的溶剂低的蒸发率。共溶剂可以代表性地选自较高分子量乙二醇醚,例如二甘醇二甲醚或二丙二醇单甲醚。根据将被稳定的金属离子,可以优选其他化学物质(例如酶蛋白)。
5.一种或多种其他金属氧化物前体(或改性剂),作为盐、醇盐、螯合物或类似物。
6.水,其可以作为液体H2O被添加或在使用水合金属的情况下作为结晶水被添加。
7.非金属玻璃形成氧化物的前体,例如SiO2,B2O3,P2O5,GeO2,As2O3,或TeO2
在一些实施例中,溶胶配方的所有成分作为液体被添加。该金属和玻璃形成体氧化物前体本身在环境温度下可以是固体或液体,不过他们在与其他成分组合之前,与有机溶剂混合。这些成分可以以所涉及的氧化物前体特有的顺序被组合,示例在下面提供。
一旦混合的溶胶通过旋涂、浸渍涂布、辊式涂布、拉涂或喷涂;或通过使用诸如喷墨、凹版印刷、丝网、或刻版印刷的印刷技术;或通过其他已知技术被沉积在衬底上。还可以浇铸单块或从溶胶中拉出纤维。根据特定溶胶的贮存期,可能期望立刻沉积该材料,或者该材料可以被存储并在以后使用。
一旦被沉积,溶胶被干燥以产生非晶形膜。干燥可以在环境温度或升高温度下发生,通常温度在大约50℃至200℃的范围内,或者任何温度或温度子范围落在该范围内。根据该膜还可能被退火的应用,通常在大约250℃至800℃,或任何温度或落在该范围内的温度子范围。得到的膜可以是非晶体的、部分结晶的或完全结晶的。在特定应用中,部分结晶或非晶体膜是有利的,因为这样的膜可以对漏电不敏感。
对于需要非常低泄漏但是介电常数不需要非常高(10<κ<300)的诸如栅氧化物或去耦电容器的应用,可以有利地促进玻璃或部分结晶(乳白色的)态的形成。在这些配方中玻璃形成体的角色是促进玻璃或乳白色态的形成,并且抑制退火时膜的完全结晶。以该方式使用金属氧化物和改性剂前体制成的电介质将代替在退火后产生铁电态,产生玻璃或半结晶或乳白顺电(PE)态。这些态可以具有比类似铁电态更低的介电常数,但是可以产生具有低泄漏的薄膜。
尽管非金属玻璃氧化物可以被用作由下面一些示例所示的玻璃体种类,在此所述的方法不局限于使用无机氧化物前体。例如,可以有利地使用烷基化前体,例如甲基三乙氧甲硅烷,来增加贮存期,如示例13。还可以有利地使用氢或甲基倍半硅氧烷或硅酮作为玻璃形成体种类,以增加诸如模数、硬度和/或灵活性的退火膜的特定机械特性。
同样,有用的环氧化物的范围不限于在示例中描述的环氧丙烷和缩水甘油的示例。可以被使用的其他环氧化物包括但不限于环氧乙烷、环氧丙烷、乙基环氧乙烷、1,2二甲基环氧乙烷、表氯醇、环氧丙醇、环氧丙基、包括环氧丙醇甲基醚、环氧丙醇异丙基醚、二环氧甘油醚、乙二醇二环氧甘油醚的环氧丙醇醚、缩水甘油基三乙氧基硅烷、或其它的环氧化物及其衍生物。
另外,在实例中采用的退火温度不应当被当作限制的实例。如果需要更短的退火时间,也可以使用很多化合物采用更高的退火温度,以获取改进或期望的属性。更低的退火温度也是可用的,特别是如果与UV照明或阴极射线照射结合。如果将电介质氧化膜应用至例如塑料、铜或钢的热敏衬底上,这样将是特别有用的。另外,不同于空气的大气可以被用来提高性能或防止对衬底或其它元件的损害。
另外,在其它实施例中,如果该电介质被涂覆到不能经受住长时间的高温的衬底上时,使用激光的退火是有效和有用的。激光能够发射出膜或衬底容易吸收的波长。典型地,膜将吸收在250至350nm之间的UV光;示例性的激光波长包括355nm和266nm(例如,来自三台或四台YAG:Nd或YVO4:Nd激光器)。脉冲CO2激光(10.6微米)将被特定衬底吸收,引起强烈的局部加热,这因此造成膜退火。
显然地,下面的例子中描述的合成化学实践并不被限定为d0过渡金属和主族氧化物。例如,除了上述用于制造电介质的膜合成技术的应用之外,磁性氧化物材料和膜(例如铁酸盐)或多铁性材料和膜也可以采用类似的化学来制造。通过在PE玻璃膜基体中包含铁磁性或反铁磁性的毫微粒(纳米微粒),可以制造这样的材料。结果是具备高磁化率区域的绝缘中等κ膜。其可被用在在其中外部电场调制FM或AF粒子的磁性共振的设备中,产生可调制的高频振荡器或滤波器。可选地,施加的磁场可以产生PE玻璃的局部有序,以通过由于磁弹性产生的张力形成FE畴(domains,又称域)。这一概念可以被转化为制造包含磁性玻璃主体中FE毫微粒的多铁性膜。
这里描述的化学方法还可以被用来制造具有诸如高折射和/或低散射的有用光学属性的玻璃。
用于制造玻璃PE膜的工艺可以采用包含单金属氧化物膜的前体的、具有和不具有非金属玻璃形成体氧化物种类的膜来说明。下面的实例仅用作解释目的,而不应当在任何意义上被解释为限定本发明的范围。
实例
单金属氧化物膜
实例1
TiO2膜:1g的1-甲氧基-2-丙醇中的1mol/L的异丙氧基钛溶液与每个0.5g的环氧丙烷和2-(2-乙氧基)乙氧基乙醇的混合物结合。该溶胶然后在Si晶片上以1500rpm旋涂1分钟。在140℃软烘焙5分钟之后,在空气中以400℃为该芯片退火30分钟。得到的膜在光学上稍微模糊,具有大约105nm的氧化物厚度(TOX)。在1Mhz的介电常数κ为32.7,以及损耗τ为23%。
实例2
TiO2:GeO2膜:0.8g的1-甲氧基-2-丙醇中的1mol/L的异丙氧基钛溶液与0.2g的1-甲氧基-2-丙醇中的1mol/L的异丙醇锗结合。该溶液与每个0.5g的环氧丙烷和2-(2-乙氧基)乙氧基乙醇的混合物结合。该溶胶然后在Si晶片上以1500rpm旋涂1分钟。在140℃软烘焙5分钟之后,在空气中以400℃为该芯片退火30分钟。得到的膜在光学上是清楚的,具有大约110nm的TOX。κ为26.1,以及损耗τ为16%。
实例3
Ta2O5膜:1g的2-乙氧基中的1mol/L的乙醇钽溶液与1g的环氧丙醇混合。在数分钟后,0.5g的1-甲氧基-2-丙醇中的10mol/L的H2O溶液被边搅动边逐滴地加入。该溶胶然后在Si晶片上以1500rpm旋涂1分钟。在140℃软烘焙5分钟之后,在600℃为该芯片退火60分钟。得到的膜在光学上是稍微朦胧的,具有大约160nm的TOX。在1Mhz的介电常数κ为23,以及损耗τ为25%。
实例4
Ta2O5:GeO2膜:1g的2-乙氧基中的1mol/L的乙醇钽(V)溶液与0.2g的1-甲氧基-2-丙醇中的1mol/L异丙醇锗溶液和1g的环氧丙醇结合。在数分钟后,0.5g的1-甲氧基-2-丙醇中的10mol/L的H2O溶液被边搅动边逐滴地加入。该溶胶然后在Si晶片上以1500rpm旋涂1分钟。在140℃软烘焙5分钟之后,以600℃为该芯片退火60分钟。得到的膜在光学上是清晰的,具有大约115nm的TOX。在1Mhz的介电常数κ为90,以及损耗τ为25%。
图1示出了得到的Ta2O5:GeO2膜的电流对电压(I-V)的曲线,其中TOX=115nm,以及κ=90。
多成分金属氧化物膜
多成分金属氧化物膜还显示了该合成技术的范围。在每种情况下,增加玻璃形成体氧化物前体仅仅或组合地增加了κ,降低了损耗τ或降低漏电。
实例5
PZT(PbO·ZrO2·TiO2)膜:制备包含每个1g的2-(2-乙氧基)乙氧基乙醇和环氧丙烷的溶液。在该溶液中增加都在1-甲氧基-2-丙醇中的0.48g的1mol/L的异丙氧基钛和0.52g的1mol/L的正丙醇锆。在甲醇中的1g乙酸铅(II)、Pb(OAc)2被逐滴加入。该溶胶然后在Si晶片上以1500rpm旋涂1分钟。在140℃软烘焙5分钟之后,以400℃为该芯片退火10分钟。得到的膜在光学上是清晰的,具有大约110nm的厚度,κ为25.5,以及损耗τ为20%。
实例6
PZT:Ge(PbO·ZrO2·TiO2·GeO2)膜:制备包含每个1g的2-(2-乙氧基)乙氧基乙醇和环氧丙烷的溶液。在该溶液中添加都在1-甲氧基-2-丙醇中的0.48g的1mol/L的异丙氧基钛和0.52g的1mol/L的正丙醇锆,以及0.2g的1mol/L的异丙醇锗。在甲醇中的1mol/L的1g乙酸铅(II)、Pb(OAc)2被逐滴加入。该溶胶然后在Si晶片上以1500rpm旋涂1分钟。在140℃软烘焙5分钟之后,以400℃为该芯片退火10分钟。得到的膜在光学上是清晰的,具有大约120nm的厚度。κ为19.4,以及损耗τ为1.3%。
如图2的I-V曲线所示,得到的膜显示出相对低的漏电。
实例7
钛酸钡(BaO·TiO2)膜:制备包含每个0.5g的2-(2-乙氧基)乙氧基乙醇和环氧丙烷的溶液。在该溶液中加入在1-甲氧基-2-丙醇中的0.33g的1mol/L的异丙氧基钛,接着边搅拌边逐滴加入在甲醇中的0.33g的1mol/L的Ba(CLO4)2,以及在1-甲氧基-2-丙醇中的0.05g的10mol/L的H2O。该溶胶然后在Si晶片上1000rpm旋涂1分钟。在140℃软烘焙5分钟之后,600℃为该芯片退火16小时。得到的膜在光学上是清晰的,具有大约110nm的厚度,κ为16.6,以及损耗τ为19%。
实例8
BaO·TiO2·TeO2膜:制备包含每个0.5g的2-(2-乙氧基)乙氧基乙醇和环氧丙烷的溶液。在该溶液中加入在1-甲氧基-2-丙醇中的0.35g的1mol/L的异丙氧基钛。边搅拌边逐滴加入在2-甲氧乙醇中的0.2g的0.5mol/L的TeBr4,接着是甲醇中的1mol/L的0.2g的Ba(ClO4)2。该溶胶然后在涂有Pt的Si晶片上1000rpm旋涂1分钟。在140℃软烘焙5分钟之后,以400℃为该芯片退火30分钟。得到的膜在光学上是清晰的,具有大约140nm的厚度,κ为40,以及损耗τ为1.8%。
实例9
BaO·TiO2·GeO2膜:在1-甲氧基-2-丙醇中的0.7g的1mol/L的异丙氧基钛逐滴加入1g的环氧丙醇。在1-甲氧基-2-丙醇中的0.4g的1mol/L的异丙醇锗逐滴加入该溶液,其被冷却至5℃。边搅拌边逐滴加入在1-甲氧基-2-丙醇中的0.4g的1mol/L的Ba(ClO4)2溶液。该溶胶然后在Si晶片上1000rpm旋涂1分钟。在140℃软烘焙5分钟之后,400℃为该芯片退火10分钟。得到的膜在光学上是清晰的,具有大约98nm的厚度,κ为11,以及损耗τ为1.8%。
实例10
Bi2O3·TiO2·GeO2膜:将在1∶1的醋酸/2-乙氧基乙醇中的1g的1mol/L的Bi(NO3)3溶液边搅动边逐滴加入1g的环氧丙醇。在1-甲氧基-2-丙醇中的1g的1mol/L的异丙氧基钛被加入该溶液,接着加入1-甲氧基-2-丙醇中的0.2g的1mol/L的异丙醇锗。该溶胶然后在Si晶片上以1000rpm旋涂1分钟。在140℃软烘焙5分钟之后,在600℃为该芯片退火10分钟。得到的膜在光学上是清晰的,具有大约130nm的厚度,κ为21,以及损耗τ为0.8%。
实例11
Bi2O3·ZrO2·TiO2膜:将在醋酸中的1g的1mol/L的Bi(NO3)3溶液边搅动边逐滴加入每个都是1g的2-(2-乙氧基)乙氧基乙醇和环氧丙醇。都在1-甲氧基-2-丙醇中的0.48g的1mol/L的异丙氧基钛和0.52g 1mol/L的正丙醇锆被加入该溶液。该溶胶然后在Si晶片上以1000rpm旋涂1分钟。在140℃软烘焙5分钟之后,以400℃为该芯片退火30分钟。得到的膜在光学上是朦胧的,具有大约155nm的厚度,κ为35.3,以及损耗τ为6.3%。
实例12
Bi2O3·ZrO2·TiO2·GeO2膜:将在1∶1的醋酸/2-乙氧基乙醇中的1g的1mol/L的Bi(NO3)3溶液边搅动边逐滴加入2g的环氧丙醇。所有都在1-甲氧基-2-丙醇中的0.48g的1mol/L的异丙氧基钛、0.52g1mol/L的正丙醇锆以及0.2g的异丙醇锗被加入该溶液。该溶胶然后在Si晶片上以1000rpm旋涂1分钟。在140℃软烘焙5分钟之后,以400℃为该芯片退火60分钟。得到的膜在光学上是清晰的,具有大约145nm的厚度,κ为88,以及损耗τ为20%。
图3示出了得到的Bi2O3·ZrO2·TiO2·GeO2膜的I-V曲线。
实例13
SiO2·Al2O3·ThO2膜:将在2-甲氧基乙醇中的1g的1mol/L的Al(NO3)3·9H2O边搅动边逐滴加入2g的环氧丙醇。接下来是1g的纯甲基三乙氧甲硅烷和在甲醇中的0.5g的1mol/L的Th(NO3)4溶液。该溶胶然后在Si晶片上以1000rpm旋涂1分钟。在140℃软烘焙5分钟之后,以400℃在空气中为该芯片退火10分钟。得到的膜具有大约570nm的Tox,以及色散系数τ为46.5。
实例14
图4示出了通过在此描述的合成工艺制造的三种测试膜的色散曲线。膜mp245-2如上面实例12所示制备。膜mp248-1使用上面实例8中所述的工艺制造,除了其涂覆在裸Si晶片上。膜248-3如在实例13所示制造。
显然,该技术可用于合成任何数量的光学玻璃组合物,其中很多类似于上面图4中所示的膜,使用传统玻璃制造方法都是难以甚至不可能被制备的。
实例15
11.7g的异丙氧基钛溶液(97%)与1-甲氧基-2-丙醇结合来制造每克溶液包含1.5mmol Ti的溶液。接下来,4.93g环氧丙醇(96%)搅拌地加入,接下来是加入通过将3.6g的H2O和16.4g的1-甲氧基-2-丙醇结合制成的0.5g溶液。一天后,10g得到的溶胶与4g 2-(2-乙氧基)乙氧基乙醇混合。该溶液可以通过旋涂、浸渍涂布、或喷涂被配发以产生涂层,其在室温下被干燥成为大约1-3μm厚的膜。这种高折射率膜的色散曲线在图5中示出。
实例16
高κ电介质氧化物配方的其他实例在表1(图6)和表2(图7)中列出。表1和2表示相同的采样。在表1中,每个采样的合成物通过组成氧化物前体相对于其他氧化物成分的原子百分比来限定。例如,采样8包含40%的Ti,20%的B以及40%的Ce,从而退火后的氧化物膜中的最终摩尔比将是4TiO2∶1B2O3∶2Ce2O3。原子百分比不影响其他加入的成分,例如环氧化物、溶剂或水等。
在该实例中,所有采样包含1-甲氧基-2-丙醇作为溶剂,2,2-(乙氧基)乙氧基乙醇作为共溶剂,以及异丙基缩水甘油醚作为环氧化物。包含Li或Bi的溶胶还包含醋酸。
所有膜通过以1000rpm旋涂90秒来沉积。膜然后在130℃被软烘焙10分钟,然后在空气中以400℃退火30分钟。
用于各种成分的前体是:异丙氧基钛(IV);乙醇钽(V);乙氧醇铌(V);乙醇铪(IV);正丙醇锆(IV);硼酸;原硅酸四乙酯;异丙醇锗(IV);磷酸;高氯酸铅;硝酸铈(III);醋酸锂;醋酸锌;以及硝酸铋(III)。
尽管已经结合优选实施例描述了本发明,但是应该理解在不背离本发明的原理和范围的基础上可以使用各种修改和变型,如本领域技术人员容易理解的。因此,这样的修改可以在下面权利要求的范围内实施。

Claims (13)

1.一种制造金属氧化物材料的方法,包括:
a)从由环氧化物、金属氧化物前体、玻璃形成氧化物前体以及溶剂的液体成分构成的混合物中产生溶胶;
b)干燥所述溶胶来产生膜;以及
c)退火所述膜来产生包括玻璃态的金属和非金属氧化物的混合物,
其中,所述金属氧化物前体是过渡金属的醇盐,或者是与无机或有机配位体结合的过渡金属离子。
2.一种制造金属氧化物材料的方法,包括:
a)从由环氧化物、金属氧化物前体、玻璃形成氧化物前体、溶剂的液体成分以及至少一种改性剂的前体构成的混合物中产生溶胶;
b)干燥所述溶胶来产生膜;以及
c)退火所述膜来产生包括玻璃态的金属和非金属氧化物的混合物,
其中,所述金属氧化物前体是过渡金属的醇盐,或者是与无机或有机配位体结合的过渡金属离子。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其中所述改性剂包含碱金属、碱土金属、镧系元素、锕类、或主族金属的金属离子。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其中所述改性剂包含Pb、Ba、Bi或Al的金属离子。
5.一种制造金属氧化物材料的方法,包括:
a)从由环氧化物、金属氧化物前体、玻璃形成氧化物前体、溶剂的液体成分以及水构成的混合物中产生溶胶;
b)干燥所述溶胶来产生膜;以及
c)退火所述膜来产生包括玻璃态的金属和非金属氧化物的混合物,
其中,所述金属氧化物前体是过渡金属的醇盐,或者是与无机或有机配位体结合的过渡金属离子。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法,所述玻璃形成氧化物前体是无机玻璃形成氧化物前体或有机玻璃形成氧化物前体。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其中所述玻璃形成氧化物是SiO2、B2O3、P2O5、GeO2、As2O3或TeO2
8.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其中所述金属氧化物材料包括:金属氧化物或包括所述玻璃态的金属氧化物和非金属氧化物的混合物;或被所述玻璃态环绕的结晶氧化物的纳米级颗粒。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其中所述玻璃态包括形成具有10或更高的介电常数κ的材料的金属氧化物或金属氧化物和非金属氧化物的混合物。
10.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述金属氧化物材料是铁电的、磁性的或多铁性的。
11.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述金属氧化物材料是薄层膜、糊状物、单块或纤维的形式。
12.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中退火包括使用激光来加热所述膜。
13.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述金属氧化物材料通过旋涂、浸渍涂布、辊式涂布、拉涂或喷涂;或通过印刷技术;或通过铸造单块;或通过拉纤维来制备。
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