CN102316964A - 纳米多孔膜及其制备方法 - Google Patents
纳米多孔膜及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102316964A CN102316964A CN2010800080222A CN201080008022A CN102316964A CN 102316964 A CN102316964 A CN 102316964A CN 2010800080222 A CN2010800080222 A CN 2010800080222A CN 201080008022 A CN201080008022 A CN 201080008022A CN 102316964 A CN102316964 A CN 102316964A
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种碳纳米结构体-金属复合纳米多孔膜,其是在具有微米或纳米级气孔的分离膜支撑体的一面或两面涂布碳纳米结构体-金属的复合体。本发明还涉及一种碳纳米结构体-金属复合纳米多孔膜的制备方法。该方法包括在表面活性剂存在下,将碳纳米结构体-金属的复合体进行分散后,涂布于分离膜支撑体的一面或两面的步骤;以及将上述涂布的分离膜支撑体进行热处理,从而使上述金属熔接于上述分离膜支撑体的步骤。根据本发明的碳纳米结构体-金属复合纳米多孔膜,由于上述碳纳米结构体-金属的复合体中金属为数纳米-数百纳米级,因此具有在低温下熔融的特点。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种在具有微米或纳米级气孔的分离膜支撑体的一面或两面涂布碳纳米结构体-金属的复合体的碳纳米结构体-金属复合纳米多孔膜及其制备方法。此外,本发明还涉及一种碳纳米结构体-金属复合纳米多孔膜及其制备方法,所述多孔膜及其制备方法用于水处理用分离膜的制备、场致发射显示器的制备、储氢装置粘结剂的制备、电极制备、超级电容器的制备、电磁屏蔽体的制备、轻量高强度应用制品的制备等。
背景技术
最近随着工业高度化,具有高纯度分离能力的分离膜技术被认为是非常重要的领域。从化学工业、食品工业、药品工业、医疗、生物化学到环境领域的广泛领域中,分离膜技术的重要性变得日趋重要,尤其是在环境领域中对于清洁用水的要求和水不足的认识加强。利用分离膜的技术作为解决该问题的方法之一,正受到高度关注。
同时,最近发现了碳纳米结构体。根据其形态可分为碳纳米管,碳纳米角,碳纳米纤维等。特别地,碳纳米管由于其优异的机械强度、导热系数、电导率及化学稳定性,从而可以能够应用于能源、环境及电子材料等多个领域。
碳纳米结构体-金属的复合体是在碳纳米管中引入官能团,将引入的官能团与金属(钴、铜、镍、银等)进行反应经化学结合而获得。因含有的金属成分,使得其在场致发射显示器的制备、储氢装置粘结剂的制备、电极制备、超级电容器的制备、电磁屏蔽体的制备、轻量高强度应用制品的制备等结构体成形制备方面具有优异的特性。
关于这些碳纳米结构体-金属的复合体的材料,韩国授权专利0558966,韩国申请专利2007-0072669及韩国申请专利2008-0049464公开了制备方法。
特别是在水处理领域,分离膜作为微滤(MF;Micro Filtration)膜、超滤(UF;Ultra Filtration)膜、纳米滤(NF;Nano Filtration)膜、反渗透(RO;Reverse Osmosis)膜、离子交换膜正在被使用,应用于工业排水处理,净水处理,污水处理,废水处理和海水淡化。水处理厂使用微过滤膜,微过滤膜还用于利用MBR(膜生物反应器)的污水处理中。超过滤膜能够去除细菌,因此应用于净水处理中,反渗透膜用于海水淡化设备。离子交换膜用于脱盐工艺。静冈(Shizuoka)技术中心开发了纳米过滤膜,在分离绿茶成分方面取得了成功,东京大学山本(Yamamoto)组织开发了用于超高度水处理的MBR,超高度废水处理技术正处于实用化阶段。
但是,这些分离膜存在的最大问题是膜污染。特别是由于微生物引起的膜污染会使得分离性能下降,对分离膜的寿命造成很大的障碍。这些由于微生物引起的膜污染存在降低分离膜性能及寿命的问题。因此,为了解决上述问题,正在对具有多种功能的分离膜进行持续性的研究。
发明内容
要解决的技术问题
本发明是为了解决上述问题而完成,发现在现有的分离膜上涂布碳纳米结构体-金属的复合体能够解决上述问题,从而提供了本发明。即、本发明涉及涂布有新的形态的碳纳米结构体-金属的复合体的纳米多孔膜。
并且,本发明涉及具有催化剂效果、微生物去除效果的新型纳米多孔膜。并且,本发明还涉及纳米多孔膜,所述纳米多孔膜具有根据碳纳米结构体-金属的复合体来调节气孔大小的微多孔性。本发明涉及一种碳纳米结构体-金属复合纳米多孔膜及其制备方法,所述多孔膜及其制备方法用于水处理的分离膜制备、场致发射显示器的制备、储氢装置粘结剂的制备、电极制备、超级电容器的制备、电磁屏蔽体的制备、轻量高强度应用制品的制备等方面。
并且,本发明提供新的碳纳米结构体-金属复合纳米多孔膜及其制备方法,所述方法使用均匀分散有数纳米-数百纳米的金属微粒的碳纳米结构体-金属的复合体。
技术方案
本发明人为了实现上述目的,不断进行了研究,结果发现使用新材料碳纳米结构体-金属的复合体能够制备碳纳米结构体-金属复合纳米多孔膜,并且制备得到的纳米多孔膜具有抗菌性。下面对本发明进行说明。
本发明涉及一种碳纳米结构体-金属复合纳米多孔膜。其在具有微米或纳米级气孔的分离膜支撑体的一面或两面涂布有碳纳米结构体-金属的复合体。
此外,本发明还提供一种碳纳米结构体-金属复合纳米多孔膜的制备方法。该方法包括将碳纳米结构体-金属的复合体分散在溶剂及表面活性剂中,然后将其涂布于分离膜支撑体的一面或两面的步骤;以及将上述涂布的分离膜支撑体进行热处理,从而使上述金属熔接于上述分离膜支撑体的步骤。
上述碳纳米结构体-金属的复合体的纳米金属或金属氧化物在低温下能够熔融或烧结,由于上述金属的熔融或烧结使碳纳米结构体呈网状结构连接,从而能够制备得到纳米多孔膜。上述碳纳米结构体及金属大小为数纳米-数百纳米,更具体地,是由1纳米-500纳米大小的球形金属微粒及碳纳米结构体组成。由于上述金属的大小单位为纳米,因此与通常大小的金属相比,金属的熔点降低。因此,即使在比较低的温度下进行热处理,也能够使得上述金属熔融或烧结,使碳纳米结构体-金属复合体呈网状结构连接,并使得碳纳米结构体-金属的复合体和分离膜支撑体能够很好地进行结合。此外,由于上述制备得到的纳米多孔膜的大小,微生物不会被过滤,因此将上述纳米多孔膜作为水处理分离膜使用时能够有效地去除微生物。
本发明的特征在于,上述碳纳米结构体-金属的复合体是将碳纳米结构体和金属或金属氧化物结合或混合。更详细地说,本发明中的上述碳纳米结构体-金属复合体包括将碳纳米结构体和金属或金属氧化物混合而得的混合物。混合碳纳米结构体和金属或金属氧化物利用加热或压缩等方法结合的混合物也能够制备碳纳米结构体-金属复合纳米多孔膜。
此外,本发明的特征在于,根据碳纳米结构体的直径大小来控制碳纳米结构体-金属复合纳米多孔膜的气孔大小。根据上述碳纳米结构体的种类的不同,碳纳米结构体的直径也有所不同,因此可以根据碳纳米结构体的种类来控制气孔的大小。本发明的特征在于,纳米多孔膜的碳纳米结构体之间具有气孔,上述气孔为0.1-500纳米。并且,本发明的纳米多孔膜能够应用于分离膜。
下面对上述碳纳米结构体-金属的复合体进行详细说明。
上述碳纳米结构体-金属的复合体的特征在于,是将分散在还原性溶剂中的碳纳米结构体的分散液和金属前体混合并进行热处理后制备得到。
上述碳纳米结构体-金属的复合体通过在上述分散液中再添加稳定剂,进行混合后进行热处理制备得到。
本发明中,上述碳纳米结构体-金属的复合体是将碳纳米结构体和金属或金属氧化物进行结合,上述碳纳米结构体可以选自单壁碳纳米管(single wall carbon nanotube)、双壁碳纳米管(double wall carbonnanotube)、多壁碳纳米管(multi wall carbon nanotube)、碳纳米角(carbon nano horn)、碳石墨烯(carbon graphene),碳纳米纤维(carbonnano fiber)或它们的混合物。更优选为使用单壁碳纳米管、双壁碳纳米管、多壁碳纳米管。根据上述碳纳米结构体种类的不同,能够控制本发明制备得到的纳米多孔膜气孔的大小。
上述金属可以选自下组中的一种或一种以上的金属,Mg、Al、K、Ca、Sc、Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Ga、Rb、Sr、Y、Zr、Mo、Ru、Rh、Pd、Ag、Cd、In、Sn、Cs、Ba、La、Ce、Nd、Sm、Eu、Gd、Tb、Hf、Ir、Pt、Tl、Pb及Bi。
上述碳纳米结构体-金属的复合体可以通过将上述碳纳米结构体分散在选自多元醇、乙二醇醚类或它们的混合物的还原性溶剂中,然后添加稳定剂和金属前体并进行热处理制备得到。
更具体地,上述碳纳米结构体-金属等复合体可以包括下述步骤制备得到。将碳纳米结构体分散在还原性溶剂中,制备分散液的步骤;在上述分散液中添加金属前体,制备混合液的步骤;以及将上述混合液进行热处理还原金属前体的步骤。并且,上述分散液中还可以添加稳定剂来制备得到。
上述多元醇选自用下列化学式1表示的如下组,乙二醇类、甘油、苏糖醇、阿糖醇、葡萄糖、甘露醇、半乳糖醇以及山梨醇;上述乙二醇醚类选自用下列化学式2表示的化合物,进而进行制备。
[化学式1]
H-(OR1)n-OH
[化学式2]
R4-(OR2)m-OR3
(上述化学式中R1及R2独立地选自C2-C10的直链或支链的亚烷基;R3为氢原子、烯丙基、C1-C10的烷基、C5-C20的芳基、C6-C30的芳烷基;R4选自烯丙基、C1-C10的烷基、C5-C20的芳基、C6-C30的芳烷基或C2-C10的烷基羰基;上述烷基羰基中的烷基的碳链上可以含有双键;n及m独立地为1-100的整数)。
上述乙二醇类例如有乙烯乙二醇(Ethylene glycol)、二甘醇(Diethylene Glycol)、三甘醇(Triethylene Glycol)、四甘醇(Tetraethylene Glycol)、聚乙二醇(Polyethylene Glycol)、丙二醇(Propylene Glycol)、二丙二醇(Dipropylene Glycol)、聚丙二醇(Polypropylene Glycol)、己二醇(Hexylene Glycol)等,优选为乙烯乙二醇,但并不限于这些。
上述乙二醇醚类例如包括乙二醇甲醚(Methyl Glycol)、二乙二醇甲醚(Methyl Diglycol)、三乙二醇甲醚(Methyl Triglycol)、聚乙二醇单甲醚(Methyl Polyglycol)、乙二醇乙醚(Ethyl Glycol)、二乙二醇乙醚(Ethyl Diglycol)、乙二醇丁醚(Butyl Glycol)、二乙二醇丁醚(Butyl Diglycol)、三乙二醇丁醚(Butyl Triglycol)、聚乙二醇丁醚(Butyl Polyglycol)、乙二醇己醚(Hexyl Glycol)、二乙二醇己醚(Hexyl Diglycol)、乙二醇乙基己醚(Ethyl Hexyl Glycol)、二乙二醇乙基己醚(Ethyl Hexyl Diglycol)、乙二醇丙烯基醚(Allyl Glycol)、乙二醇苯醚(Phenyl Glycol)、二乙二醇苯醚(Phenyl Diglycol)、乙二醇苯偶酰醚(Benzil Glycol)、二乙二醇苯偶酰醚(Benzil Diglycol)、乙二醇甲基丙烯醚(Methyl Propylene Glycol)、二乙二醇甲基丙烯醚(Methyl Propylene Diglycol)、三乙二醇甲基丙烯醚(Methyl Propylene Triglycol)、乙二醇丙基丙烯醚(Propyl Propylene Glycol)、二乙二醇丙基丙烯醚(Propyl Propylene Diglycol)、乙二醇丁基丙烯醚(Butyl Propylene Glycol)、二乙二醇丁基丙烯醚(Butyl Propylene Diglycol)、乙二醇苯基丙烯醚(Phenyl Propylene Glycol)、甲基丙烯基乙二醇酯(Methyl Propylene Glycol Acetate),聚甲基乙二醇等化合物,但并不是必须限定于这些。作为本发明的还原性溶剂优选为使用上述的乙二醇类和乙二醇醚类混合使用,具体地,更优选为乙二醇类和聚乙二醇单甲醚混合使用。
上述稳定剂可以从表面活性剂、水溶性高分子、胺类以及它们的混合物中选择使用。上述水溶性高分子的具体例有聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮(polyvinyl pyrrolidone),胺类可以选自伯胺、仲胺、叔胺、芳香胺及它们的混合物,更具体的例子有油酰胺(Oleylamine)。
上述金属的前体可以从硝酸银(Silver Nitrate)、乙酰丙酮酸银(Silver Acetylacetonate)、醋酸银(Silver Acetate)、碳酸银(SilverCarbonate)、氯化银(Silver Chloride)、氢氧化铝(Aluminumhydroxide)、氯化铝(Aluminum Chloride)、乙酰丙酮铝(AluminumAcetylacetonate)、醋酸铝(Aluminum Acetate)、硝酸铝(AluminumNitrate)、碳酸锰(Manganese Carbonate)、氯化锰(ManganeseChloride)、硝酸锰(Manganese Nitrate)、乙酰丙酮锰(ManganeseAcetylacetonate)、醋酸锰(Manganese Acetate)、氯化锌(ZincChloride)、硝酸锌(Zinc Nitrate)、醋酸锌(Zinc Acetate)、乙酰丙酮锌(Zinc Acetylacetonate)、乙酰丙酮钴(Cobalt Acetylacetonate)、醋酸钴(Cobalt Acetate)、乙酰丙酮铜(Copper Acetylacetonate)、醋酸铜(Copper Acetate)、乙酰丙酮镍(Nickel Acetylacetonate)、醋酸镍(Nickel Acetate)、乙酰丙酮铁(Iron Acetylacetonate)、醋酸铁(IronAcetate)、醋酸钛(Titanium Acetate)、乙酰丙酮钛(TitaniumAcetylacetonate)及它们的水合物中选择使用。
如上所述,本发明的碳结构体-金属复合体可以使用由1-500纳米的球形金属微粒及碳纳米管组成的碳纳米结构体-金属复合体。
下面,对本发明的碳纳米结构体-金属复合纳米多孔膜更加详细地进行说明。
本发明是将上述碳纳米结构体-金属复合体涂布于上述分离膜支撑体上,通过压缩、加热或烧结制备,提供一种碳纳米结构体之间具有纳米气孔结构构成的碳纳米结构体-金属复合纳米多孔膜。上述纳米气孔为1纳米-500纳米,由于微生物不能够通过上述纳米多孔膜,因此能够具有去除微生物的效果。更具体地,本发明的纳米多孔膜可以作为抗菌水处理的分离膜使用。
本发明提供一种碳纳米结构体-金属复合纳米多孔膜的制备方法。包括将碳纳米结构体-金属的复合体分散在溶剂及表面活性剂中,然后将其涂布于分离膜支撑体的一面或两面的步骤;以及将上述涂布的分离膜支撑体进行热处理,从而使上述金属熔接于上述分离膜支撑体的步骤。
上述分离膜支撑体可以使用HEPA过滤器、ULPA过滤器、玻璃纤维过滤器、玻璃粉末烧结过滤器、高分子无纺布过滤器、聚四氟乙烯薄膜过滤器、金属粉末烧结过滤器及金属丝编织过滤器等,但并不是一定限于这些。
本发明中上述涂布的特征在于,将上述碳纳米结构体-金属的复合体用分离膜支撑体过滤,然后将上述分离膜支撑体上残留的碳纳米结构体-金属的复合体进行压缩。
本发明中上述金属为1-500纳米,上述金属微粒大小为纳米级时,具有在低温下熔融的特点。因此,本发明将热处理在100-700℃下进行,更优选为100-500℃下进行,当上述金属为银时,能够在100-300℃下进行热处理。将上述金属微粒熔融,使碳纳米结构体-金属的复合体相互连接,从而能够制备呈网状结构的碳纳米结构体-金属复合纳米多孔膜。并且,本发明是在上述温度下进行热处理,具有分离膜支撑体不会熔化的同时、还能够使碳纳米结构体-金属的复合体熔接于上述分离膜支撑体上的优点。
下面更加具体地进行说明。将碳纳米结构体-金属的复合体结合在分离膜支撑体上的原理如下。碳纳米结构体本身不具有相互间的结合力。但对于碳纳米结构体-金属的复合体,由于结合有金属,当金属微粒为纳米级时,具有在低温下熔融的特点。利用这种金属成分能够使碳纳米结构体-金属的复合体通过热处理而相互连接,并熔接于上述分离膜支撑体上,从而能够制备得到呈网状结构的碳纳米结构体-金属复合纳米多孔膜。
更具体地,本发明中的上述金属可以使用银,含有银的纳米多孔膜能够用于抗菌水处理的分离膜中。相对于碳纳米结构体上述银含量为5-70重量%时能够有效显现抗菌性。如果低于5重量%会很难使碳纳米管形成网状结构,如果高于70重量%银会将分离膜堵塞,会有液体流动不畅的问题。
下列图3、图4及图5的照片是能够确认碳纳米管-银复合纳米多孔膜具有抗菌效果的照片,对于图的说明将在下述实施例及试验例中更加具体地进行说明。将根据本发明制备得到的碳纳米管-银复合纳米多孔膜用作分离膜使用时,不会产生由于细菌引起的分离膜堵塞现象,能够提供一种延长分离膜更换周期的纳米分离膜。
相对于100重量份的表面活性剂可以混合10-50重量份的碳纳米结构体-金属的复合体进行分散,在上述范围内,碳纳米结构体-金属的复合体能够防止复合体缠结,能够有效地进行分散。
上述溶剂可选自水、一元醇、多元醇、乙二醇醚类及它们的混合物组成的组中选择使用。上述一元醇的具体例为可从甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、丁醇、戊醇、己醇、辛醇组成的组中选择使用,更优选为丙醇。
对于上述多元醇、乙二醇醚类的详细说明记载于上述有关碳纳米结构体-金属的复合体制备方法中,因此在这里进行省略。
本发明使用的表面活性剂可以选自非离子型表面活性剂、阳离子型表面活性剂、阴离子型表面活性剂及它们的混合物。更具体地说,上述表面活性剂例如包括十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide)、十六烷基三甲基氯化铵(Cetyltrimethylammonium chloride)、硬脂酸(Stearic Acid)、甲基葡萄糖苷(Methyl glucoside)、辛基葡萄糖苷(Octyl glucoside)、聚氧乙烯失水山梨醇单月桂酸酯(Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate)、聚氧乙烯失水山梨醇棕榈酸酯(Polyoxyethylene sorbitanmonopalmitate)、聚氧乙烯失水山梨醇单硬脂酸酯(Polyoxyethylenesorbitan monostearate)、聚氧乙烯失水山梨醇单油酸酯(Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate)、失水山梨醇单月桂酸酯(Sorbitan monolaurate)、乙二醇单月桂酸酯(Ethylene glycolmonolaurate)、丙二醇单月桂酸酯(Propylene glycol monolaurate)、三甘油单月桂酸酯(Triglycerol monostearate)或它们的混合物,更优选为,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵或十六烷基三甲基氯化铵,但并不一定是限于这些。
本发明的制备方法中,可以采用任何公知的方法将碳纳米结构体-金属的复合体分散于溶剂中,但优选超声波处理分散的方法,这是因为该制备方法容易且分散性优异。碳纳米结构体-金属的复合体一般可以通过电子显微镜确认其缠结。在上述分离膜支撑体上进行涂布时,由于这种碳纳米结构体-金属的复合体的缠结会妨碍碳纳米结构体-金属的复合体均匀地分散,因此用制备碳纳米结构体-金属的复合体制备纳米分离膜时超声波处理是必须进行的工序。
本发明的制备方法中,在分离膜支撑体的一面或两面上进行涂布时,作为上述涂布的方法有旋涂(spin coating)、浸涂(dip coating),喷涂(spray coating)、棒涂(bar coating)及丝网印刷(screen printing)、经上述支撑体过滤来涂布的方法等,但并不是一定限于这些。通过将上述涂布的分离膜支撑体在100-700℃下进行3-10小时热处理,使金属熔融或烧结,从而能够制成网状结构。上述热处理有例如可以在一般的低温烤箱中进行热处理或采用通过热轧辊的方法、或在高温的电炉中进行热处理的方法等,但并不是一定限于这些。
下列图1及图2为本发明制备的碳纳米管-金属复合纳米多孔膜在扫描式电子显微镜下的照片,能够确认上述纳米多孔膜为金属微粒熔融形成网状结构、并且形成纳米级的气孔。
有益效果
本发明的碳纳米结构体-金属复合纳米多孔膜具有根据上述碳纳米结构体的大小来控制纳米多孔膜气孔大小的优点。
本发明的碳纳米结构体-金属复合纳米多孔膜的上述碳纳米结构体-金属的复合体的金属大小为数纳米-数百纳米,因此具有在低温下熔融的特点。并且,在低温下进行热处理使得上述金属和碳纳米结构体呈网状连接,从而提供一种将上述金属熔接于分离膜支撑体上制备得到的新的形态的纳米多孔膜及其制备方法。即使在较低的温度下进行热处理,也能够使上述金属熔融或烧结,使得碳纳米结构体-金属复合体呈网状连接,并使得上述碳纳米结构体很好地附着于分离膜支撑体上。并且上述制备得到的纳米多孔膜由于气孔的大小,不会使微生物滤过,因此将上述纳米多孔膜用作水处理分离膜时,能够有效地去除微生物。
并且,本发明的纳米多孔膜用作水处理分离膜时,能够解决由细菌引起的有关分离膜堵塞现象的分离膜寿命问题。并且,能够有效地去除引起水质污染及大气污染的物质,因此能够用作水质及大气净化的过滤器。
附图说明
图1为实施例1制备得到的碳纳米结构体-银复合纳米多孔膜在扫描式电子显微镜(SEM)下观察到的照片。
图2为实施例2制备得到的碳纳米结构体-钴复合纳米多孔膜在扫描式电子显微镜下观察到的照片。
图3为根据试验例1的a),对碳纳米管-银复合纳米多孔膜进行金黄色葡萄球菌(S.aureus)的抗菌试验结果照片。
图4为根据试验例1的b),对碳纳米管-银复合纳米多孔膜进行大肠杆菌(E.Coli)的抗菌试验结果照片。
图5为根据试验例2,用碳纳米管-银复合纳米多孔膜对金黄色葡萄球菌(S.aureus)进行过滤后的滤液的菌培养照片。
图6为根据试验例4的对照组(control)的实时PCR反应结果。
图7为根据试验例4,用碳纳米管-银复合纳米多孔膜对克沙奇病毒进行过滤后的滤液的实时PCR反应结果。
具体实施方式
下面,为了具体说明本发明,将举出一些实施例进行说明,但本发明并不被这些实施例所限定。
制备例1制备碳纳米管-银复合体
在500ml的圆底烧瓶中放入0.3g薄的多壁碳纳米管(纳米科技,薄的多壁碳纳米管CNT管级),然后将280ml乙烯乙二醇(EG)加入到圆底烧瓶反应器中。安装搅拌器搅拌30分钟,然后将反应器放入超声波清洗机中,利用超声波进行3小时超声波处理,使得碳纳米管分散在乙烯乙二醇中。此时,控制反应器的温度不超过50℃。超声波处理结束后重新安装搅拌器,并连接温度计和冷却用冷凝器。反应器进行搅拌的同时加入1.68g的PVP(聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,制造公司:Fluka,平均分子量(Mw):40,000)和5.6ml的油酰胺(Oleylamine),然后加入1.102g的硝酸银(Silver Nitrate;AgNO3)。将真空泵与反应器连接,去除反应器内部的空气,并置换成氮气。然后继续通入氮气,使氮气通过反应器内部向外部流动,阻碍了氧气的流入。在烧瓶底部设置覆盖物,将反应器内部温度经过40分钟升至200℃后,反应1小时。还原反应结束后,将反应器温度经过3个小时慢慢降至常温。将合成的碳纳米管-银复合体用滤纸过滤后,用乙酸乙酯(Ethylacetate)和己烷清洗数次,从而得到碳纳米管-银复合体。用扫描式电子显微镜(SEM)分析碳纳米管-银复合体的结果,确认银(Silver)微粒为球形,并以一定的大小均匀分散。
制备例2 制备碳纳米管-钴复合体
在500ml的圆底烧瓶中放入0.3g碳纳米管(韩华纳米科技,CM-95),然后将128ml三甘醇(TEG)加入到反应器中。安装搅拌器搅拌30分钟,然后将反应器放入超声波清洗机中,利用超声波进行3小时超声波处理,使得碳纳米管分散。此时,控制反应器的温度不超过50℃。超声波处理结束后重新安装搅拌器,并连接温度计和冷却用冷凝器。搅拌反应器溶液的同时将4.26ml聚乙二醇单甲醚(MPG,CH3(OCH2CH2)nOH,n=4-5,韩农化成,商品名:MPG)加入到烧瓶反应器中,然后再加入3.48g乙酰丙酮钴。将真空泵与反应器连接,去除反应器内部的空气,并置换成氮气。然后继续通入氮气,使氮气通过反应器内部向外部流动,阻碍了氧气流入。在烧瓶底部设置覆盖物,将反应器内部温度经过1个小时升至280℃后,并保持30分钟。还原反应结束后,将反应器温度经过3个小时慢慢降至常温。将合成的复合体用滤纸过滤后,用乙醇清洗数次,从而得到碳纳米管-钴复合体。用扫描式电子显微镜(SEM)分析碳纳米管-钴复合体的结果,确认钴微粒为球形,并以一定的大小均匀分散。
制备例3 制备碳纳米管-钴复合体
除了将金属盐替换为4.04g乙酰丙酮铜外,其余条件采用和实施例2相同的条件进行,从而得到碳纳米管-铜复合体。用扫描式电子显微镜(SEM)分析碳纳米管-铜复合体的结果,确认铜微粒接近于球形,并以一定的大小均匀分散。
制备例4制备碳纳米管-镍复合体
除了将金属盐替换为3.48g乙酰丙酮镍外,其余条件采用和实施例2相同的条件进行,从而得到碳纳米管-镍复合体。用扫描式电子显微镜(SEM)分析碳纳米管-镍复合体的结果,确认镍微粒接近于球形,并以一定的大小均匀分散。
实施例1 制备碳纳米管-银复合纳米多孔膜
在250ml的圆底烧瓶中加入上述制备例1制得的0.5g的碳纳米管-银复合体、100ml的超纯水、3ml十六烷基三甲基氯化铵(cetyltrimethylammonium chloride,28wt%),然后在25-30℃下,利用超声波分散处理2小时。将气孔大小为0.3μm的HERA滤纸剪成直径为6.2cm的圆形滤纸,并安装在过滤器上,然后加入30ml的利用上述超声波进行分散处理后得到的分散液,进行过滤。当没有通过滤纸的固体成份涂布在上述滤纸上后,将其放入均一的玻璃板之间进行压缩,然后在烤箱中,于150℃下进行8小时热处理,使上述银熔接在滤纸上。冷却至常温后,剪成直径为5cm的大小,并安装在过滤装置(宏宜仪器股份有限公司KR-47H)上后,用50ml乙醇、50ml超纯水,洗去表面活性剂(十六烷基三甲基氯化铵)和微细残余物。然后再次在烤箱中于150℃下进行两次热处理,从而制备得到碳纳米管-银复合纳米多孔膜。将制备得到的碳纳米管-银复合纳米多孔膜用扫描式电子显微镜(SEM)拍摄并显示在下图1中,能够确认银微粒分散在碳纳米管上。
实施例2 制备碳纳米管-钴复合纳米多孔膜
在250ml的圆底烧瓶中加入上述制备例2制得的0.5g的碳纳米管-钴复合体、100ml的超纯水、3ml十六烷基三甲基氯化铵(cetyltrimethylammonium chloride,28wt%),然后在25-30℃下,利用超声波分散处理2小时。将气孔大小为0.3μm的HERA滤纸剪成直径为6.2cm的圆形滤纸,并安装在过滤器上,然后加入30ml的利用上述超声波进行分散处理后得到的分散液,进行过滤。当没有通过滤纸的固形份涂布在上述滤纸上后,将其放入均一的玻璃板之间进行压缩,然后在烤箱中,于450℃下进行8小时热处理,使上述钴熔接在滤纸上。冷却至常温后,剪成直径为5cm的大小,并安装在过滤装置(宏宜仪器股份有限公司KR-47H)上后,用50ml乙醇、50ml超纯水,洗去表面活性剂(十六烷基三甲基氯化铵)和微量残余物。将制备得到的碳纳米管-钴复合纳米多孔膜用扫描式电子显微镜(SEM)拍摄并显示在下图2中,能够确认钴微粒分散在碳纳米管上。
实施例3 制备碳纳米管-铜复合纳米多孔膜
除了使用制备例3中合成的碳纳米管-铜复合体外,其余采用与实施例2相同的条件,制备得到碳纳米管-铜复合体纳米多孔膜。将制备得到的碳纳米管-铜复合纳米多孔膜用扫描式电子显微镜(SEM)进行分析的结果为:能够确认铜微粒分散在碳纳米管上。
实施例4 制备碳纳米管-镍复合纳米多孔膜
除了使用制备例4中合成的碳纳米管-镍复合体外,其余采用与实施例2相同的条件,制备得到碳纳米管-镍复合体纳米多孔膜。将制备得到的碳纳米管-镍复合纳米多孔膜用扫描式电子显微镜(SEM)进行分析的结果为:能够确认镍微粒分散在碳纳米管上。
试验例1 碳纳米管-银复合纳米多孔膜的抗菌试验
a)金黄色葡萄球菌抗菌性试验
利用BHI(脑心浸液,Brain Heart Infusion)液体培养基,在37℃下培养金黄色酿脓葡萄球菌(S.aureus,金黄色葡萄球菌)12小时。将得到的培养液稀释至菌数为103CFU/ml后,取其中的100μl涂布(smear)于BHI平板培养基上,然后将其放在实施例1制备得到的纳米分离膜上,于37℃下培养24小时。培养结束后观察放着分离膜的部分的菌落有没有增殖,从而来判断有无抗菌能力。下列图3是经过24小时培养后观察到的照片。
如下图3所示,对于实验的菌株,放上碳纳米管-银分离膜的板(plate)上没有菌落(colony)生长,从而能够确认碳纳米管-银纳米分离膜具有抗菌能力。
b)大肠杆菌抗菌性试验
除了用大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli;E.coli)代替金黄色酿脓葡萄球菌(S.aureus,金黄色葡萄球菌)外,其余均与上述试验1的a)相同。下图4是在试验例1的b)中经过24小时培养后观察到的照片。放上碳纳米管-银分离膜的板(plate)上没有菌落(colony)生长,从而能够确认碳纳米管-银纳米分离膜具有抗菌能力。
试验例2 碳纳米管-银复合纳米多孔膜细菌过滤试验
利用BHI(脑心浸液,Brain Heart Infusion)液体培养基,在37℃下培养金黄色酿脓葡萄球菌(S.aureus,金黄色葡萄球菌)12小时。
利用上述实施例1制备得到的碳纳米管-银复合纳米多孔膜进行过滤后,将过滤得到的液体涂布在BHI平板培养基上,于37℃下培养12小时后观察到的照片如图5所示。
采用如果菌生长,说明没有被过滤掉,如果没有菌生长,说明被过滤掉的方法进行判断。试验结果如下图5中所示,过滤金黄色酿脓葡萄球菌(S.aureus,金黄色葡萄球菌)得到的液体在平板培养基上没有检测出菌,因此显示为金黄色酿脓葡萄球菌(S.aureus,金黄色葡萄球菌)已经被过滤掉。
试验例3 碳纳米管-银复合纳米多孔膜细菌过滤试验
利用BHI(脑心浸液,Brain Heart Infusion)液体培养基,在37℃下培养大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli;E.colius)12小时。除了用大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli;E.coli)代替金黄色酿脓葡萄球菌(S.aureus,金黄色葡萄球菌)外,其余同上述试验例2。
利用上述实施例1制备得到的碳纳米管-银复合纳米多孔膜进行过滤后,将过滤得到的液体涂布在BHI平板培养基上,于37℃下培养12小时后进行观察。试验结果为过滤大肠杆菌(E.coli,大肠杆菌)液得到的液体在平板培养基上没有检测出菌,因此显示为大肠杆菌(E.coli,大肠杆菌)已经被过滤掉。
试验例4 碳纳米管-银复合纳米多孔膜病毒过滤试验
利用肠病毒进行了碳纳米管-银复合纳米多孔膜的病毒过滤试验。肠病毒为由28-30纳米大小的单链RNA基因组构成的无包膜病毒。克沙奇病毒(coxsackievirus)为肠病毒(enterovirus;EV)的一种,已知的血清型为29种,分为A组和B组。本实验采用克沙奇病毒A9型(ATCC-VR186)进行了过滤实验。
先将克沙奇病毒A9在100℃下加热20分钟,使其灭活后用于下述实验。使1000μl病毒液通过碳纳米管-银复合纳米多孔膜1个小时左右,然后取过滤得到的病毒液250μl,使用AccuPrep病毒RNA提取试剂盒(提取试剂盒;百奥尼(Bioneer),韩国)提取RNA的同时另取没有进行过滤的250μl病毒液作为对照组(control)使用。使RNA提取液的最后体积为50μl,将45μl用于实时PCR实验。在实时PCR实验中使用Accupower肠病毒实时RT-PCR试剂盒(增殖试剂盒;Bioneer,韩国)使沙克奇病毒RNA增殖,由此确认沙克奇病毒是否存在。
实验结果及对照组(control)的增殖结果如图6所示,纳米多孔膜过滤实验组结果如图7所示:沙克奇病毒A9没有增殖,IPC(Internalpositive control)进行了增殖,由此可知不存在沙克奇病毒。并且可确认结果为将沙克奇病毒液进行过滤后,病毒不能够通过过滤器。
Claims (23)
1.一种碳纳米结构体-金属复合纳米多孔膜,其特征在于,其是在具有微米或纳米级气孔的分离膜支撑体的一面或两面涂布碳纳米结构体-金属的复合体。
2.根据权利要求1所述的碳纳米结构体-金属复合纳米多孔膜,其特征在于,所述碳纳米结构体-金属的复合体为碳纳米结构体和金属或金属氧化物结合或混合。
3.根据权利要求2所述的碳纳米结构体-金属复合体纳米多孔膜,其特征在于,根据所述碳纳米结构体的直径大小来控制所述碳纳米结构体-金属复合纳米多孔膜的气孔大小。
4.根据权利要求3所述的碳纳米结构体-金属复合纳米多孔膜,其特征在于,所述气孔为0.1-500纳米。
5.根据权利要求2所述的碳纳米结构体-金属复合纳米多孔膜,其特征在于,所述碳纳米结构体-金属的复合体是将分散在还原性溶剂中的碳纳米结构体的分散液和金属前体混合并进行热处理后制备而得。
6.根据权利要求2所述的碳纳米结构体-金属复合纳米多孔膜,其特征在于,所述碳纳米结构体-金属的复合体通过在所述分散液中再加入稳定剂混合后,进行热处理制备得到。
7.根据权利要求5或6所述的碳纳米结构体-金属复合纳米多孔膜,其特征在于,所述还原性溶剂选自多元醇、乙二醇醚类或它们的混合物;所述多元醇选自用下列化学式1表示的乙二醇类、甘油、苏糖醇、阿糖醇、葡萄糖、甘露醇、半乳糖醇以及山梨醇构成的组;所述乙二醇醚类选自用下列化学式2表示的化合物;
[化学式1]
H-(OR1)n-OH
[化学式2]
R4-(OR2)m-OR3
(上述化学式中R1及R2独立地选自C2-C10的直链或支链的亚烷基;R3为氢原子、烯丙基、C1-C10的烷基、C5-C20的芳基、C6-C30的芳烷基;R4选自烯丙基、C1-C10的烷基、C5-C20的芳基、C6-C30的芳烷基或C2-C10的烷基羰基;上述烷基羰基中的烷基的碳链上可以含有双键;n及m独立地为1-100的整数)。
8.根据权利要求2所述的碳纳米结构体-金属复合纳米多孔膜,其特征在于,所述碳纳米结构体选自单壁碳纳米管、双壁碳纳米管、多壁碳纳米管、碳纳米角、碳石墨烯、碳纳米纤维或它们的混合物。
9.根据权利要求2所述的碳纳米结构体-金属复合纳米多孔膜,其特征在于,所述金属选自下组中的一种或一种以上:Mg、Al、K、Ca、Sc、Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Ga、Rb、Sr、Y、Zr、Mo、Ru、Rh、Pd、Ag、Cd、In、Sn、Cs、Ba、La、Ce、Nd、Sm、Eu、Gd、Tb、Hf、Ir、Pt、Tl、Pb及Bi。
10.根据权利要求1所述碳纳米结构体-金属复合纳米多孔膜,其特征在于,将碳纳米结构体-金属的复合体涂布于所述分离膜支撑体上,通过压缩、加热或烧结制备而得。
11.根据权利要求1所述的碳纳米结构体-金属复合纳米多孔膜,其特征在于,所述碳纳米结构体-金属复合纳米多孔膜用于抗菌水处理。
12.一种碳纳米结构体-金属复合纳米多孔膜的制备方法,其包括:在表面活性剂存在下,将碳纳米结构体-金属的复合体分散于溶剂中后,涂布于分离膜支撑体的一面或两面的步骤;以及将上述涂布的分离膜支撑体进行热处理,从而使上述金属熔接于上述分离膜支撑体的步骤。
13.根据权利要求12所述的碳纳米结构体-金属复合纳米多孔膜的制备方法,其特征在于,所述金属为1-500纳米。
14.根据权利要求13所述的碳纳米结构体-金属复合纳米多孔膜的制备方法,其特征在于,所述热处理是在100-700℃下进行。
15.根据权利要求13所述的碳纳米结构体-金属复合纳米多孔膜的制备方法,其特征在于,所述金属为银。
16.根据权利要求15所述的碳纳米结构体-金属复合纳米多孔膜的制备方法,其特征在于,所述热处理在100-300℃下进行。
17.根据权利要求15所述的碳纳米结构体-金属复合纳米多孔膜的制备方法,其特征在于,所述银相对于碳纳米结构体为5-70重量%。
18.根据权利要求14所述的碳纳米结构体-金属复合纳米多孔膜的制备方法,其特征在于,所述涂布为将上述碳纳米结构体-金属的复合体用分离膜支撑体过滤,然后对残留在上述分离膜支撑体上的碳纳米结构体-金属的复合体进行压缩。
19.根据权利要求12所述的碳纳米结构体-金属复合纳米多孔膜的制备方法,其特征在于,所述碳纳米结构体-金属的复合体是将分散在还原性溶剂中的碳纳米结构体的分散液和金属前体混合并进行热处理后制备得到。
20.根据权利要求12所述的碳纳米结构体-金属复合纳米多孔膜的制备方法,其特征在于,所述碳纳米结构体-金属的复合体通过在所述分散液中再添加稳定剂混合后,进行热处理制备得到。
21.根据权利要求12所述的碳纳米结构体-金属复合纳米多孔膜的制备方法,其特征在于,相对于100重量份的表面活性剂混合10-50重量份的所述碳纳米结构体-金属的复合体进行分散。
22.根据权利要求12所述的碳纳米结构体-金属复合纳米多孔膜的制备方法,其特征在于,所述溶剂选自水、酒精、多元醇、乙二醇醚类及它们混合物的组。
23.根据权利要求12所述的碳纳米结构体-金属复合纳米多孔膜的制备方法,其特征在于,所述表面活性剂选自非离子型表面活性剂、阳离子型表面活性剂、阴离子型表面活性剂及它们的混合物。
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JP2012517894A (ja) | 2012-08-09 |
JP5393809B2 (ja) | 2014-01-22 |
KR101118473B1 (ko) | 2012-03-12 |
EP2411128A4 (en) | 2013-11-20 |
US8887926B2 (en) | 2014-11-18 |
EP2411128A2 (en) | 2012-02-01 |
CN102316964B (zh) | 2015-08-05 |
BRPI1008710A2 (pt) | 2016-03-08 |
KR20100107960A (ko) | 2010-10-06 |
RU2470699C1 (ru) | 2012-12-27 |
WO2010110624A2 (en) | 2010-09-30 |
WO2010110624A3 (en) | 2011-01-06 |
US20120000845A1 (en) | 2012-01-05 |
EP2411128B1 (en) | 2020-08-05 |
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