CN102264542A - 隔离结构及其制造方法 - Google Patents

隔离结构及其制造方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102264542A
CN102264542A CN2009801525396A CN200980152539A CN102264542A CN 102264542 A CN102264542 A CN 102264542A CN 2009801525396 A CN2009801525396 A CN 2009801525396A CN 200980152539 A CN200980152539 A CN 200980152539A CN 102264542 A CN102264542 A CN 102264542A
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China
Prior art keywords
layer
isolation structure
polymer
fluoroplymer
type surface
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CN2009801525396A
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English (en)
Inventor
P·A·科克二世
R·A·詹姆克
R·G·伯利顿
J·G·道尼
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Saint Gobain Performance Plastics Corp
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Saint Gobain Performance Plastics Corp
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Application filed by Saint Gobain Performance Plastics Corp filed Critical Saint Gobain Performance Plastics Corp
Priority to CN201510711903.5A priority Critical patent/CN105172293A/zh
Publication of CN102264542A publication Critical patent/CN102264542A/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Abstract

本发明是针对一种隔离结构，该隔离结构包括一个氟聚合物层以及一个聚合体层。这种隔离结构按照ASTM F739测量对于危险化学药品具有大于约一个小时的化学品渗透贯穿检测时间。本披露进一步是针对一种形成上述隔离结构的方法。这种隔离材料被设计为适合于建造掩蔽体、服装、容器以及要求隔离特性的其他物品。

Description

隔离结构及其制造方法
技术领域
本披露总体上涉及隔离结构和用于制造这种结构的方法，以及由这些隔离结构制造的物品和用于生产这种物品的方法。
背景技术
低表面能的聚合物如氟聚合物展现出了良好的化学隔离特性、展现出了对由暴露于化学药品而导致的损伤的耐受性、具有对污斑的耐受性、表现了对由暴露于环境条件而导致的损伤的耐受性、并且典型地形成了一种释放表面。虽然对此种低表面能的聚合物有需求，但是这些聚合物倾向于是价格昂贵的。此外，这类聚合物展现出了低润湿特征，并且鉴于它们有形成释放表面的趋势，与其他聚合物基底的粘附是不良的。
对于特定的多层物品应用，制造商们已经转向高温处理以及高温接缝。例如，典型地使用超过350°F的温度。不幸的是，这些高温经常超过许多所希望的基底和涂层的熔化温度、或者甚至超过其降解温度。因此，在商业上典型地已经将氟聚合物粘附在高熔化温度的基底上。这些多层物品典型地是昂贵的，因为它们受限于高熔化温度的基底。在商业上，将氟聚合物粘附在通常更有成本效益的、低熔化温度的基底上一直存在相当的困难。
因此，将令人希望的是提供一种改进的多层物品连同用于制造这样一种多层物品的方法两者。
发明内容
在一个实施方案中，提供了一种隔离结构。这种隔离结构包括一个氟聚合物层以及一个聚合体层。该氟聚合物层具有一个C-处理的主表面。该聚合体层覆盖在该氟聚合物层的主表面上。按照ASTM F739测量，对于危险化学药品，这种隔离结构具有的化学品渗透贯穿检测时间大于约一个小时。
在另一个示例性实施方案中，提供了一种防护性物品。该防护性物品包括具有一个主表面的一种氟聚合物层，其中该主表面是C-处理的。一个聚合体层覆盖在该氟聚合物层的主表面上。按照ASTM F739测量，对于危险化学药品，这种防护性物品具有的化学品渗透贯穿检测时间大于约一个小时；该物品还具有抗燃性，当根据ASTM F1358测试时，该防护性物品在暴露于火焰三秒的过程中没有被点燃。
在另一个示例性实施方案中，提供了一种包容系统。该包容系统包括具有一个主表面的一种氟聚合物层以及覆盖在该氟聚合物层的主表面上的一个聚氨酯层，其中该主表面是C-处理的。
提供了一种形成隔离结构的方法。该方法包括提供具有一个第一主表面和一个第二主表面的一种氟聚合物层，其中至少该氟聚合物的第一主表面是C-处理的。该方法进一步包括提供覆盖在该氟聚合物层的第一主表面上的一个聚合体层。
附图说明
通过参见附图可以更好地理解本披露，并且使其许多特征和优点对于本领域的普通技术人员变得清楚。
图1、图2和图3包括一种示例性的隔离结构的图示。
具体实施方式
在一个具体的实施方案中，一种隔离结构包括具有一个主表面的一种氟聚合物。这种隔离结构进一步包括覆盖在该主表面上的一个聚合体层。在一个实施方案中，可以将该氟聚合物直接置于该聚合体层的第一主要表面上，并且与之直接接触，而没有任何一个或多个插入层。
用于形成该氟聚合物层的一种示例性氟聚合物包括由一种单体形成的一种均聚物、共聚物、三聚物、或聚合物共混物，该单体是例如四氟乙烯、六氟丙烯、氯三氟乙烯、三氟乙烯、偏二氟乙烯、氟乙烯、全氟丙基乙烯基醚、全氟甲基乙烯醚、或它们的任何组合。例如，该氟聚合物是聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)。示例性的氟聚合物膜可以是浇注、片削、或挤出的。在一个实施方案中，浇注和挤出的薄膜可以包括层状结构，从而使得薄膜表面的组合物可以与内部或者与彼此相匹配或不相匹配。
另外的示例性的氟聚合物包括一种氟化的乙烯-丙烯共聚物(FEP)；四氟乙烯和全氟丙基乙烯基醚的一种共聚物(PFA)；四氟乙烯和全氟甲基乙烯基醚的一种共聚物(MFA)；乙烯和四氟乙烯的一种共聚物(ETFE)；乙烯和氯三氟乙烯的一种共聚物(ECTFE)、聚氯三氟乙烯(PCTFE)、聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)；一种包括四氟乙烯、六氟丙稀、以及偏二氟乙烯的一种三聚物(THV)，或它们的任何共混物或任何合金。例如，该氟聚合物可以包括FEP。在一个另外的实例中，该氟聚合物可以包括四氟乙烯与全氟丙基乙烯基醚的共聚物(PFA)。在一个示例性实施方案中，该氟聚合物可以是通过辐射(如电子束)可交联的一种聚合物。一种示例性的可交联的氟聚合物可以包括ETFE、THV、PVDF、或它们的任何组合。一种THV树脂从Dyneon 3MCorporation Minneapolis，Minn可得到。一种ECTFE聚合物从AusimontCorporation(意大利)在商品名Halar下可得到。其他氟聚合物可以从Daikin(日本)和DuPont(美国)获得。具体地讲，FEP氟聚合物类是从Daikin可商购的，如NP-12X。
在一个实施方案中，该氟聚合物的至少一个表面可以包括一种可C-处理的氟聚合物。示例性的可C-处理的氟聚合物包括：氟化的乙烯-丙烯共聚物(FEP)、乙烯与四氟乙烯的共聚物(ETFE)、四氟乙烯与全氟丙基乙烯基醚的共聚物(PFA)、乙烯与氯三氟乙烯的共聚物(ECTFE)、四氟乙烯与全氟甲基乙烯基醚的共聚物(MFA)、聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)，以及包括四氟乙烯、六氟丙稀、以及偏二氟乙烯的三聚物(THV)。在一个实施方案中，该氟聚合物具有一个第一主表面以及一个第二主表面，其中该第一和第二主表面包括相同或不同的可C-处理的氟聚合物。一种示例性的PTFE可以从Saint Gobain得到，如DF1700DB。
在一个实施方案中，可以将该氟聚合物层进行处理以改进氟聚合物层对其直接接触的层的粘附性。在一个实施方案中，该处理可以包括表面处理、化学处理、钠蚀刻、使用底料、或它们的任何组合。在一个实施方案中，该处理可以包括电晕处理、UV处理、电子束处理、火焰处理、塑性变形(scuffing)、钠萘表面处理、或它们的任何组合。在一个实施方案中，该处理包括C-处理。对于C-处理，将该氟聚合物层暴露于有机气体气氛中的电晕放电，其中该有机气体气氛包括例如丙酮或一种醇。在一个实施方案中，该醇包括四个或更少的碳原子。在一个实施方案中，该有机气体是丙酮。在一个实施方案中，将该有机气体与一种惰性气体如氮气进行混合。该丙酮/氮气气氛造成了该氟聚合物层对其直接接触的层的粘附性增大。在一个实施方案中，该处理造成了该氟聚合物层对该聚合体层的粘附性增大。在一个示例性实施方案中，该处理包括一种可C-处理的氟聚合物的C-处理。该C-处理的一个实例披露在美国专利6,726,976中，该专利通过引用结合在此。
在另一个示例性实施方案中，该氟聚合物层的至少一个主表面包括胶体二氧化硅。该胶体二氧化硅典型地以一个量值存在于一种分散体中，以便在该氟聚合物层与其直接接触的层之间提供粘附性。在一个实施方案中，该胶体二氧化硅是存在于一种不会不利地影响该胶体二氧化硅的粘连特性的分散体中。一种示例性的胶体二氧化硅分散体描述在美国专利号6,930,063中，该专利通过引用结合在此。
典型地，该氟聚合物层具有至少大约0.01毫米(mm)的厚度。例如，该氟聚合物层可能具有大约0.02毫米至大约0.3毫米的厚度。在一个实施方案中，该氟聚合物层可能具有大约0.01毫米至0.05毫米的厚度。在另一个实施方案中，该氟聚合物层可能具有大约0.1毫米至大约0.3毫米的厚度。
该聚合体层覆盖了该氟聚合物层。在一个实施方案中，该聚合体层直接接触该氟聚合物层。聚合体层包括聚合材料，如热塑性塑料以及热固性材料。一种示例性聚合材料可以包括：聚酰胺、聚芳酰胺、聚酰亚胺、聚烯烃、聚氯乙烯(PVC)、丙烯酸酯聚合物、二烯烃单体聚合物、聚碳酸酯(PC)、聚醚醚酮(PEEK)、氟聚合物、聚酯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氨酯、热塑性共混物、或它们的任意组合。另外的聚合材料可以包括硅酮类、酚醛树脂类、尼龙、环氧树脂类或它们的任何组合。在一个实施方案中，该聚合体层包括聚氯乙烯。在一个实施方案中，该聚合体层包括聚氨酯。在一个实施方案中，该聚合材料具有与PVC或聚氨酯相似的特性，包括例如机械特性、可燃性特性、可粘合特性、等等。在此设想的是任何适合于与一种所包含的流体或其他材料相接触的聚合体层。
针对具体的预期用途，该聚合体层可以拥有其他特性。例如，该聚合体层可以包含聚合物填充剂、矿物填充剂、金属填充剂、或者它们的任何组合，从而改变该聚合体层的外观、耐磨性或其他物理特性。在一个具体的实施方案中，该聚合体层可以拥有特别地旨在用于以下实施方案的特性，即当(这个或这些)聚合体层是隔离结构的(一个或多个)表面层时。例如，它可以被染上任何希望的颜色。可以为了外观或低表面摩擦而将它进行纹理构造。在一个实施方案中，该聚合材料可以是比下方的氟聚合物薄膜更坚固或更耐磨的，因此它在面对物理应力时维持了隔离的完整性。
典型地，该聚合体层具有至少大约0.1毫米的厚度。例如，该聚合体层可以具有约0.2毫米至约2.0毫米的厚度，如约0.2毫米至约1.5毫米，如约0.2毫米至约1.0毫米。
在一个实施方案中，还可以使用一个增强层。可以将增强层置于该隔离结构内的任何位置，以便为该结构提供强化。在一个实施方案中，可以将一个增强层置于该氟聚合物层与该聚合体层之间。在另一个实施方案中，该增强层可以覆盖该聚合体层。在一个实施方案中，该增强层可以实质性地包埋在该聚合体层中。如在此使用的“实质性地包埋的”是指一种增强层，其中该增强层的总表面积的至少25％、如至少约50％、或甚至100％包埋在该聚合体层中。在一个实施方案中，聚合体层的至少大约25％、甚至大约50％、甚至大约100％直接地与氟聚合物层相接触。该增强层可以是提高该隔离结构的增强特性的任何材料。例如，该增强层可以包括天然纤维、合成纤维、或它们的组合。在一个实施方案中，这些纤维可以处于一种针织物、铺设纱网(laid scrim)、编织物、织造或非织造织物的形式。示例性的增强物纤维包括玻璃、芳族聚酰胺类、聚酰胺类、聚酯类等等。在一个实施方案中，可以部分地因其在所形成的隔离结构的表面纹理上的影响来选择该增强层。该增强层可以具有小于约5.0mm的厚度，如不大于约2.0mm。
可任选地，该隔离结构进一步包括置于该氟聚合物层与该聚合体层之间的一个粘合剂层。一种示例性的粘合剂层改进了与它直接接触的多个层的粘附性。在一个实施方案中，可以将粘合剂层置于该氟聚合物层与该聚合体层之间而没有任何插入层。在一个实施方案中，可以将粘合剂层置于该氟聚合物层与该增强层之间。在一个实施方案中，该增强层可以实质性地包埋在粘合剂层中。在一个实施方案中，可以将粘合剂层置于该增强物层与该聚合体层之间。在一个实施方案中，可以将多个粘合剂层置于该聚合体层与该增强层之间以及该增强层与该氟聚合物层之间。
在一个示例性实施方案中，该粘合剂层包括一种热塑性材料或一种热固性材料。例如，该热塑性材料可以包括热塑性弹性体，如天然或合成来源的可交联的弹性体聚合物。例如，一种示例性弹性体材料可以包括硅酮、天然橡胶、氨基甲酸酯、烯属弹性体、二烯烃弹性体、烯属和二烯烃弹性体的共混物、氟弹性体、全氟弹性体、异氰酸酯、共混物、或它们的任意组合。在一个具体的实施方案中，该粘合剂层包括聚氨酯。可商购的热塑性粘合剂材料包括从Bemis Associates可得到的聚氨酯3206D和3410。在另一个实施方案中，该粘合剂层包括一种具有不大于约300°F的熔化温度的热塑性材料。在一个实施方案中，该粘合剂层包括一种具有不大于约350°F、如不大于约400°F、如不大于约450°F的熔化温度的热塑性材料。在一个实施方案中，该粘合剂层包括一种具有大于约500°F的熔化温度的热塑性材料。粘附到C-处理的氟聚合物表面上的示例性的粘合材料在美国专利号4,549,921中得到说明，该专利通过引用结合在此。
在另一个实施方案中，该粘合剂层包括聚偏二氟乙烯-聚氯乙烯(PVDF-PVC)。在一个实施方案中，该粘合剂层的PVDF和PVC存在的比率为按重量计大于约50/50，如按重量计大于约60/40，如按重量计约75/25到约90/10，或甚至按重量计75/25到约85/15。
典型地，该粘合剂层具有小于0.3mm的厚度，如约0.03mm。例如，该粘合剂层可能具有在大约0.01毫米至大约0.1毫米范围内的厚度。
在图1中展示了一种隔离结构100的一个示例性实施方案。这种隔离结构包括具有一个主表面104的氟聚合物层102。一个聚合体层106覆盖在氟聚合物层102的主表面104上。在一个实施方案中，隔离结构100可以包括置于氟聚合物层102与聚合体层106之间的一个增强层108。在一个实施方案中，隔离结构100可以包括置于氟聚合物层与增强层之间的一个粘合剂层(未示出)。
在图2中展示了一种隔离结构200的另一个实施方案。该隔离结构包括具有一个第一主表面204以及一个第二主表面206的一个氟聚合物层202。一个第一聚合体层208覆盖在氟聚合物层202的第一主表面204上。在一个实施方案中，一个第二聚合体层210覆盖在氟聚合物层202的第二主表面206上。第一聚合体层208和第二聚合体层210可以是相同的或不同的材料。在一个实施方案中，隔离结构200可以包括置于氟聚合物层202与第一聚合体层208之间的一个第一增强层212。在一个实施方案中，隔离结构可以进一步包括置于氟聚合物层202与第二聚合体层210之间的一个第二增强层214。第一增强层212和第二增强层214可以是相同的或不同的材料。在一个实施方案中，隔离结构200可以包括置于氟聚合物层与第一增强层212和/或第二增强层214之间的一个粘合剂层(未示出)。第一粘合剂层和第二粘合剂层可以是相同的或不同的材料。可以设想任何数目的层。
图3中展示了另一个示例性的隔离结构，并且将该隔离结构总体上指定为300。该隔离结构包括氟聚合物层302以及覆盖在氟聚合物层302的一个主表面306上的粘合剂层304。在一个实施方案中，氟聚合物层302直接接触粘合剂层304。如在图3中看到，增强层308直接接触粘合剂层304的一个主表面310。一个聚合体层312直接接触增强层308的一个主表面314。在一个另外的实施方案中，一个第二粘合剂层(未示出)可以接触氟聚合物层302的一个第二主表面316。第一粘合剂层和第二粘合剂层可以是相同的或不同的材料。在一个另外的实施方案中，该隔离结构可以包括与第二粘合剂层相接触的一个第二聚合体层(未示出)。第一聚合体层和第二聚合体层可以是相同的或不同的材料。在另一个另外的实施方案中，第二增强层(未示出)可以夹在第二粘合剂层与第二聚合体层之间。第一增强层和第二增强层可以是相同的或不同的材料。在一个实施方案中，可以设想任意数目的层。
在一个实施方案中，该隔离结构可以是通过一种方法形成的，该方法包括提供一个氟聚合物层。典型地，氟聚合物层可以是挤出、浇注、或片削的。此外，所提供的氟聚合物层具有一个可以被C-处理的主表面。在一个实施方案中，该方法进一步包括将氟聚合物的表面进行C-处理。如之前所述，C-处理包括将该氟聚合物层的至少一个表面暴露于有机气体气氛中的电晕放电。在一个实施方案中，该有机气体气氛包括丙酮(acteone)或一种醇。在一个实施方案中，该有机气体是丙酮。典型地，将该有机气体与一种惰性气体如氮气进行混合。该方法进一步包括提供聚合体层。在一个实施方案中，该聚合体层覆盖该氟聚合物层并与其直接接触，而没有任何一个或多个插入层。聚合体层可以被处理。聚合体层的处理、特别是热塑性塑料的处理，可以包括浇注、挤出或片削。在一个实施方案中，为了产生希望的表面特性，如低的摩擦面，可以将该聚合体层进行压纹、做纹理或以其他方式进行表面处理。可以部分地因其在表面纹理上的影响来选择该增强层(如果存在的话)，例如这可能降低有效的表面摩擦。在一个实施方案中，典型地将这些层加热到不大于约350°F的温度以形成该隔离结构。在一个实施方案中，典型地将这些层加热到不大于约300°F的温度以形成该隔离结构。
在一个实施方案中，该隔离结构可以包括一个增强层。将增强层置于氟聚合物层与聚合体层之间的方法取决于增强层的以及它直接接触的那些层的材料。可以设想任何适合的方法。例如，可以在提供聚合体层之前将一种可商购的材料放置在氟聚合物层与聚合体层之间。在一个实施方案中，可以在聚合体层之内提供一个增强层，例如一种可商购的材料可以包括实质性包埋在该聚合体层内的一个增强层。对隔离结构进行后续的加热可能将这些层粘合。
在一个实施方案中，该隔离结构可以包括一个粘合剂层。例如，可以将该粘合剂层施加到该氟聚合物层上、并且后续地施加到该聚合体层上。例如，可以将该粘合剂层施加到聚合体层以及增强层两者上、并且后续地施加到该氟聚合物层上。例如，可以将该粘合剂层直接挤出、熔融、或层压在该氟聚合物层上。例如，可以在任何数量的步骤中将粘合剂层熔化至使该粘合剂层熔化的温度、将其直接挤出、或者将其带式层叠。在另一个实施方案中，可以将该粘合剂层施加到该聚合体层上、并且随后施加到该氟聚合物层上。在一个实施方案中，该隔离结构可以通过一种方法形成，其中将该粘合剂层挤出在该聚合体层与氟聚合物层之间。
在一个实施方案中，可以将该粘合剂层以一种液体状态施加到该氟聚合物层上并进行干燥或固化。在一个实施方案中，该粘合剂层可以处于一种液体熔融的状态并且然后被冷却并固体化。干燥或固化可以在足以将该粘合剂层粘连到该聚合物层的温度下发生。例如，该粘合剂层可以是一种悬浮于水溶液中的聚合物材料。在另一个实施方案中，该粘合剂层可以是一种悬浮于水溶液中的胶体二氧化硅。然后可以将该粘合剂层与该氟聚合物层粘连到该聚合体层上。在另一个实施方案中，可以将该粘合剂层以一种液体状态施加到该聚合体层上并进行干燥或固化。然后可以将该粘合剂层与该聚合体层粘连到该氟聚合物层上。
粘合剂层的应用典型地取决于所用的材料。例如，可以在一个步骤中施加一种热塑性粘合剂，并且在之后很久施加聚合体层，或者这种组装可以在一次过程中完成。如果粘合剂层是一种热固性材料，那么这种组装典型地是在一次过程中完成的，其中将液态的粘合剂施加到一个层或之后被放到一起的多个层上，可以使用或不使用热来固化该热固性粘合剂。
一旦形成了该隔离结构，则可以使该结构经受一个接缝过程。在一个实施方案中，可以将两个或多个隔离结构进行接缝。例如，将两个结构的边缘末端区域进行重叠并且施加一个接缝过程典型地产生了一种接缝。设想会在多种聚合材料之间提供一种接缝的任何接缝过程。一种典型的接缝过程包括热处理。在一个实施方案中，该热致的接缝过程在使得该隔离结构不会降解的温度下发生。在一个实施方案中，该热致的接缝过程典型地在不大于约300°F的温度下发生。在一个实施方案中，该接缝过程在不大于约250°F的温度下发生。在一个实施方案中，该热处理是在从约250°F到约350°F的温度下。在一个实施方案中，该热处理是在不大于约350°F的温度下。在一个实施方案中，该热处理是在大于约180°F的温度下。在一个实施方案中，该热处理是在不大于约380°F的温度下，如在约180°F到约380°F的温度下。另外的示例性接缝构建方法包括搭接接缝或对接接缝，使用热空气接缝、高频率接缝、RF焊接、缝纫、热台板接缝、或胶带接缝方法。在一个实施方案中，该隔离结构是可热结合的。在一个示例性实施方案中，可以将两个或多个隔离结构进行热结合或热焊接。在一个实施方案中，隔离结构典型地是在不高于氟聚合物层的熔化温度的温度下进行热结合的。例如，隔离结构在不大于约350°F的温度下是可热结合的，如在不大于约300°F的温度下。在一个示例性实施方案中，将一种热塑性聚合物置于氟聚合物层的两个表面上，并且可以通过热的(接触、热空气、等等)或RF焊接方法将隔离结构结合到其自身上，以便生产制品。
一旦形成，以上披露的隔离结构的特定实施方案有利地展现出所希望的特性，如改进的化学隔离特性以及抗燃性。在一个实施方案中，如根据ASTMF739测量的，对于危险化学品，该隔离结构可以具有大于约一小时的化学品渗透贯穿时间。在一个实施方案中，如根据ASTM F739测量的，对于危险化学品，该隔离结构可以具有大于约三小时的化学品渗透贯穿时间。在一个另外的实施方案中，该隔离结构满足NFPA 1991设定的化学品渗透标准，如根据ASTM F 739测量的。例如，如根据ASTM F 739测量的，该隔离结构满足NFPA 1991在7.2.1部分对于以下危险化学品设定的化学品渗透标准：如丙酮、乙腈、氨气、1，3-丁二烯、二硫化碳、氯气、二氯甲烷、二乙胺、二甲基甲酰胺、乙酸乙酯、环氧乙烷、己烯、氯化氢气体、甲醇、氯甲烷气体、硝基苯、氢氧化钠、硫酸、四氯乙烯、四氢呋喃、以及甲苯。化学品贯穿时间被定义为渗透率达到或超过0.1μg/cm/min的那一点。
在一个实施方案中，该隔离结构具有抗燃性，使得它在ASTM F1358的火焰暴露部分中3秒而没有被点燃。在一个另外的实施方案中，该隔离结构满足NFPA 1991设定的抗燃性标准。例如，如根据ASTM F1358测量的，该隔离结构满足NFPA 1991在7.2.2部分设定的抗燃性标准，其中适合的材料在初始的3秒暴露时间内不应该着火，不应该燃烧大于100mm(4英寸)的距离，不应该持续燃烧超过10秒，并且在随后的12秒暴露时间内不应该熔化(这通过流动或滴落证明，即没有熔化物)。
在一个示例性实施方案中，该隔离结构可以展现令人希望的破裂强度以及破洞薄膜抗蔓延撕裂性。例如，当根据ASTM D751的钳夹方法测试时，该隔离结构可以具有至少约200N的破裂强度。特别地，该破裂强度可以大于约200N，如大于约300N，如大于约500N，或甚至大于约600N。在一个实施方案中，当根据ASTM D2582测量时该隔离结构具有大于约49N的破洞薄膜抗蔓延撕裂性。具体地，如根据ASTM D2582测量的，该破洞薄膜抗蔓延撕裂性可以大于约60N，如大于约100N，或者甚至大于约150N。
在一个实施方案中，当被接缝后，该隔离结构可以展现令人希望的接缝强度。例如，当根据ASTM D751测试时，该隔离结构可以具有大于约151b/in的接缝强度，如大于约251b/in，或者甚至大于约401b/in。
在一个实施方案中，该隔离结构可以展现令人希望的冷弯矩。具体地，当根据ASTM D747测试时，在-25℃下，冷弯矩可以是不大于约0.050Nm，如不大于约0.025Nm，或者甚至不大于约0.010Nm。
在一个实施方案中，该隔离结构可以展现令人希望的拉伸强度。例如，当根据ASTM D751测试时，该隔离结构可以具有至少约1.5kN的拉伸强度，如至少约3.0kN/m。在一个示例性实施方案中，该隔离结构具有通过ASTMF739测量时大于约一小时的对危险化学品的抗化学品渗透性、以及通过ASTMD751测量时至少约200N的破裂强度两者。在一个示例性实施方案中，该隔离结构具有根据ASTM F739测量时大于约一小时的对危险化学品的抗化学品渗透性、以及根据ASTM D751测量时至少约3.0kN/m的拉伸强度两者。
由以上描述的层制成的隔离结构可以有众多的应用。在一个实施方案中，该隔离结构能够面对(be faced with)热塑性聚合物。如之前所述，可以容易地在隔离结构中制成接缝，从而使它适合于制成不同的物品，这些物品总体上能够利用它们的隔离特性。相对低温的接缝方法赋予了制造和材料选择上的灵活性，这种灵活性加上氟聚合物薄膜的化学隔离特性对许多潜在的市场造成了新的影响。
这些应用包括：例如当如以上提及的破裂强度、拉伸强度、抗撕裂强度、化学品渗透、和/或抗燃性的特性是所希望时的使用。例如，该隔离结构可以用于当希望一种化学的和/或生物的耐受性材料时。在一个实施方案中，示例性的隔离结构包括掩护物、衬里、保护性器具、衣服以及流体包含系统等。该结构还可以拥有对设想的任何具体应用而言是令人希望的其他特性。
在一个实施方案中，由这种隔离结构制造了多种防护性物品，如套装以及软掩蔽体。这些防护性物品利用了多个特定实施方案中的对危险化学品的低渗透性。在一个示例性实施方案中，该防护性物品具有通过ASTM F739测量的大于约一小时的对危险化学品的抗化学品渗透性、以及通过ASTM F1358测量时在3秒的火焰暴露中不点燃的抗燃性两者。典型地，其他特性如抗燃性和机械特性是令人希望的，如在像NFPA 1991的规范和工业标准中提出的。
包容物品，如便携式个人补水系统，可以由这些隔离结构而整体地或部分地生产。这类物品利用了化学隔离特性以保护其中的流体，同时表面的聚合体层可以根据对外观或性能的需要而进行选择，其附带条件是朝向内部的聚合体层必须是适合与饮用水接触的。
可以设想其他的包容物品，无论是在要求化学隔离特性还是生物隔离特性之处，如用于运输有潜在危险的化学或生物材料。
实例1
制造了一种示例性的隔离结构。该氟聚合物层是从Saint Gobain得到的一个约1.0密尔的薄膜，类似于产品DF1700DB。该氟聚合物层的两面都是C-处理的。在氟聚合物的第一主表面和第二主表面两者上，有大约1.0密耳厚度的、一个异氰酸酯粘合剂薄膜的一个粘合剂层。将一个防燃剂引经纬编聚酯(weft-inserted warp knit polyester)的增强层(大约3.0密耳厚)放置在一个粘合剂层上。在增强层和粘合剂层上有现成PVC的一个聚合体层。
测试了该隔离结构的、NFPA 1991所要求的关键机械特性中的一些(化学品渗透性、破裂强度、破洞撕裂扩散、接缝强度、以及抗燃性)，并且容易地合格了。结果可见于表1中。
表1
  测试   NPFA 1991规范   结果
  化学品渗透性   ＞1小时   ＞3小时
  破裂强度   200N   702N
  破洞撕裂扩散   49N   150N
  接缝强度   151b/inch   421b/inch
  抗燃性   未点燃   未熔化
氟聚合物的特性以及用于聚合体层的聚合材料的选择使得该结构通过了NPFA 1991中设定的可燃性要求。另外，氟聚合物的特性使得该结构通过了NPFA 1991中设定的化学品渗透要求。
实例2
制造了一种示例性的隔离结构。该氟聚合物层是从Saint Gobain得到的一个1.0(标称的)密尔(0.0010英寸)的膜，产品DF1700DB。该氟聚合物层是C-处理的。该粘合剂层是具有2密尔厚度的一种聚氨酯熔体粘性膜(Bemis 3206)。该聚合体层是具有清楚的、有光泽的最终处理的现成的PVC。
将这种组合在约50psi下在压机中组合60秒。为了在氟聚合物与粘合剂之间获得超过氟聚合物薄膜屈服强度的持久粘结强度，可以将粘合剂层加热到大约300°F(对于FEP侧)以及大约350°F(对于PFA侧)。(氟聚合物薄膜的屈服强度是大约2.01b/inch，这样在剥离时氟聚合物被不可逆地拉伸到较大程度或被撕裂。)从250°F观察到了至PVC的良好的粘合。层压可以在一个步骤中完成，因为PVC在这些条件下没有出现熔化。
实例3
使用实例2中的条件制造一种隔离结构，具有以下改变。“ST-3477聚氨酯”是聚合体层(从Stevens Urethane得到)，首先将Bemis 3206粘合剂粘连到如上的DF1700DB上，并且然后在单独的步骤中在更低的温度和压力(25psi)下将该聚氨酯聚合体层层压在该粘合剂上。在300°F的温度下的加热以及聚氨酯的部分熔化产生了一种良好的结合。
实例4
制备了以下材料的样品用于完全的力学试验。该氟聚合物层是1.0密尔的C-处理的DF1700DB。该粘合剂层是2.0密尔厚度的聚氨酯Bemis 3206。对于一个隔离结构，基底层是来自Plastic Film Corporation的聚氯乙烯(PVC)，重量12，硬度“3H”，具有无光的完成状态。对于第二个隔离结构，聚合体层是来自Plastic Film Corporation的聚氯乙烯(PVC)，重量12，硬度“2S”，具有无光的完成状态。这两个结构是在一个带件上制造的。条件是温度350°F；速度：3ft/min(在三个1英尺长的加热过的台板上)；在台板的下游施加了轻度的钳口压力。
测试了这两个隔离结构的NFPA 1991所要求的关键机械特性中的一些(破裂、破洞撕裂扩散、冷弯矩)，并且容易地合格了。结果可见于表2中。
表2
氟聚合物的特性以及用于聚合体层的聚合材料的选择使得这些结构通过了NPFA 1991中设定的可燃性要求。另外，氟聚合物的特性使得这些结构通过了NPFA 1991中设定的化学品渗透要求。
实例5
制造了两个示例性的结构。氟聚合物层是PVDF，其中80/20重量比的PVDF/PVC作为粘合剂层。该聚合体层是PVC，其中随后的PVC织物层涂覆有聚酯(Seaman 8028)。用于粘合剂层中并作为聚合体层的PVC对于第一个隔离结构是
Figure BDA0000071081940000132
552而对于第二个隔离结构是
Figure BDA0000071081940000133
576。将该PVDF膜浇注在2密尔厚的Melinex S载体上(大小：2x4英寸)。施加PVDF混合胶乳的两个包覆层，将其在250°F干燥2分钟并且在400°F下熔融30秒。将PVDF/PVC连接层施加在PVDF层上，将其干燥、并如上进行熔融。通过自由下落施加PVC层并将其在250°F下干燥2分钟。在干燥步骤中将该层熔融。在300°F下在脚踏压机中将该膜粘结到PVC涂覆的织物上(1分钟，40psig)。第一个隔离结构产生一种良好的结合。第二个隔离结构具有到PVC涂覆的织物上的优异的结合，然而，该PVC聚合体层裂开。
实例6
以不同的PVDF/PVC比率以及稀释的聚合体层制备了多个隔离结构。氟聚合物层是PVDF，粘合剂层是PVDF/PVC，并且聚合体层是来自
Figure BDA0000071081940000141
576的PVC。PVDF/PVC的比率是80/20、85/15、和90/10。通过使两个层自由下落、在250°F下干燥2分钟将该PVDF膜浇注在2密尔厚的Melinex S载体(大小：2x4英寸)上并且在390°-400°F下将其熔融30秒。将PVDF/PVC连接层施加在PVDF层上，将其干燥、并如上进行熔融。通过自由下落施加PVC层并将其在250°F下干燥2分钟。在干燥步骤中将该层熔融。在350°F下在脚踏压机中将该膜粘结到PVC涂覆的织物上(1分钟，40psig)并且将之放在两个5密尔厚的Kapton HN膜之间。在所有情况下，膜的结合超过了其拉伸强度。
实例7
在中试塔(pilot tower)上由PVDF的氟聚合物层、80/20重量比的PVDF/PVC粘合剂层、以及PVC聚合体层生产了一种隔离结构。使用的载体是10英寸宽的5密尔Kapton HN。运行条件是：干燥区设定点250°F；熔化区设定点400°F；网片速度(web speed)7fpm；棒尺寸28(开槽的)。然后将该隔离结构粘结至涂覆有聚酯的PVC(Seaman 8028)。在此情况下，膜到涂覆的PVC织物上的结合超过了该膜强度。
实例8
自Saint Gobain得到了在氟聚合物上使用C-处理的一种隔离结构，产品DF1100。该隔离结构显示了到如聚氨酯(Bemis 6329)以及液体硅酮橡胶的材料上的良好粘附性。
实例9
该氟聚合物层是可以从Saint Gobain得到的一个1.0(标称的)密尔的膜，DF1700DB。该氟聚合物层的一面或两面是C-处理的。将Adcote 331(可以从Rohm和Haas获得)的一个粘合剂层以3密耳的湿厚度涂覆到C-处理的(一个或多个)层上，并且在100℃下干燥5分钟。将ST-3447热塑性聚氨酯(可以从Stevens Urethane获得)的一个聚合体层压延到该粘合剂层上。在于120°F下将粘合剂层固化24小时然后老化一周之后，将聚氨酯从C-处理的氟聚合物表面剥离的强度超过21b/inch。
实例10
该氟聚合物层是可以从Saint Gobain得到的一个1.0(标称的)密尔的膜，DF1700DB。该氟聚合物层的一面或两面都是C-处理的。将Adcote 331(可以从Rohm和Haas获得)的一个粘合剂层涂覆到C-处理的(一个或多个)层上。在100℃下将粘合剂干燥5分钟，然后在120°F下固化24小时，从而留下一个非粘性的表面。一周之后，将ST-3447热塑性聚氨酯(可以从Stevens Urethane获得)的一个聚合体层在压力下(320°F，1分钟，50psi)层压到该固化的、粘合剂涂覆的表面上。次日测量的剥离强度是2.161b/inch。
以上披露的主题应当被认为是说明性的、而非限制性的，并且所附权利要求是旨在涵盖落在本发明的真正范围内的所有此类变更、增强以及其他实施方案。因此，在法律所允许的最大程度上，本发明的范围应由对以下权利要求和它们的等效物可容许的最宽解释来确定，并且不应受以上的详细的说明的约束或限制。

Claims (15)

1.一种隔离结构，包括：
具有一个主表面的一个氟聚合物层，其中该主表面是C-处理的；以及
覆盖在该氟聚合物层的主表面上的一个聚合体层；
其中按照ASTM F739测量，对于危险化学药品，这种隔离结构具有的化学品渗透贯穿检测时间大于约一个小时。
2.如权利要求1所述的隔离结构，其中，该可C-处理的氟聚合物的主表面包括：氟化乙烯丙烯(FEP)、全氟烷氧基改性的PTFE、四氟乙烯与全氟丙基乙烯基醚的一种共聚物(PFA)、或它们的共混物。
3.如权利要求1至2中任一项所述的隔离结构，其中该聚合体材料包括聚氯乙烯(PVC)。
4.如权利要求1至2中任一项所述的隔离结构，其中该聚合体材料包括聚氨酯。
5.如权利要求1至4中任一项所述的隔离结构，该隔离结构进一步包括置于该氟聚合物层与该聚合体层之间的一个增强层。
6.如权利要求1至5中任一项所述的隔离结构，该隔离结构进一步包括置于该氟聚合物层与该聚合体层之间的一个粘合剂层。
7.如权利要求1至4中任一项所述的隔离结构，其中该氟聚合物层直接与该聚合体层的主表面相接触。
8.如权利要求1至7中任一项所述的隔离结构，其中该隔离结构是可热结合的。
9.如权利要求1至8中任一项所述的隔离结构，其中该隔离结构是一种防护服、一种防护掩蔽体、或一种包容系统。
10.一种形成隔离结构的方法，该方法包括：
提供具有一个第一主表面和一个第二主表面的一个氟聚合物层，其中至少该氟聚合物的第一主表面是C-处理过的；并且
提供覆盖在该氟聚合物层的第一主表面上的一个聚合体层。
11.如权利要求10所述的方法，该方法进一步包括将该隔离结构加热至不大于约350°F的温度。
12.如权利要求10至11中任一项所述的方法，该方法进一步包括用C-处理对该氟聚合物的第一主表面进行处理。
13.如权利要求10至12中任一项所述的方法，该方法进一步包括提供置于该氟聚合物层与该聚合体层之间的一个增强层。
14.如权利要求10至13中任一项所述的方法，该方法进一步包括在提供该聚合体层之前提供一个粘合剂层。
15.如权利要求10至14中任一项所述的方法，进一步包括以下步骤：通过在不大于约300°F的温度下的热处理来将该物品进行接缝。
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