CN102248522B - 动力工具 - Google Patents

动力工具 Download PDF

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CN102248522B
CN102248522B CN201110135415.6A CN201110135415A CN102248522B CN 102248522 B CN102248522 B CN 102248522B CN 201110135415 A CN201110135415 A CN 201110135415A CN 102248522 B CN102248522 B CN 102248522B
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motor
power supply
speed
control module
described motor
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CN102248522A (zh
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岩田和隆
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Koki Holdings Co Ltd
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Hitachi Koki Co Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25F—COMBINATION OR MULTI-PURPOSE TOOLS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DETAILS OR COMPONENTS OF PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS NOT PARTICULARLY RELATED TO THE OPERATIONS PERFORMED AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B25F5/00—Details or components of portable power-driven tools not particularly related to the operations performed and not otherwise provided for

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Abstract

一种动力工具具有电机、动力供给单元、触发器单元、控制单元和电机负载检测单元。动力供给单元将动力供给至电机。触发器单元使动力供给单元开始将电压施加至电机。控制单元控制动力供给单元用于以恒定的增加速率增加给电机的电压。电机负载检测单元检测电机负载。所述控制单元根据电机负载来改变恒定的增加速率。

Description

动力工具
技术领域
本发明涉及一种动力工具，且尤其涉及一种执行软启动控制的动力工具。
背景技术
当电机在电机驱动装置中启动时，与所施加的电压的有效值成正比的启动电流从电机中通过。然而，流过电机的非常大的启动电流会造成可能导致电机或其它电路部件烧坏的温升。因此，本领域已知的一些动力工具进行软启动控制，用于逐渐地增加在启动时施加于电机的电压。
由于启动电流的大小依赖于关于电机的转速所施加至电机的有效电压，所以如前所述，当负载小时小量的启动电流在电机中通过，而当负载大时大启动电流在电机中通过。因此，装置不能为小负载生成大的启动电流，例如在驱动小螺钉时产生的负载。
然而，由于常规的动力工具以固定的速率逐渐增加施加至电机上的电压，所以即使在负载小时，完成电机的启动阶段所需要的时间段比必须的时间更长，于是恶化了动力工具响应于触发器操作将动力供给至电机的能力。动力工具的性能在将小螺钉通过重复接通/断开触发器操作上紧时会使用户感觉尤其差。另一方面，当负载大于预期时，常规的动力工具可能尝试使相当大量的启动电流通过以驱动电机，即使在软启动控制过程中，造成可以导致电机或电路部件烧坏的温升。
发明内容
鉴于上述，本发明的目的在于提供一种能够执行适合于电机负载的软启动控制的动力工具。
本发明提供一种动力工具，所述动力工具具有电机、动力供给单元、触发器单元、控制单元和电机负载检测单元。所述动力供给单元将动力供给至所述电机。所述触发器单元使得所述动力供给单元启动将电压施加给所述电机。所述控制单元控制所述动力供给单元，用于以恒定的增加速率增加给电机的电压。所述电机负载检测单元检测电机负载。所述控制单元根据电机负载改变所述恒定的增加速率。
优选地，所述控制单元包括确定单元，所述确定单元确定电机负载是大还是小。如果所述确定单元确定所述电机负载小，则所述控制单元增加所述恒定的增加速率。
优选地，所述动力工具还包括检测单元和确定单元。所述检测单元检测电机的转速。确定单元确定电机的转速在开始对电机的动力供给之后的第一时间段内是否超过阈值。如果所述确定单元确定电机的转速超过阈值，则所述控制单元增加所述恒定的增加速率。
优选地，所述控制单元具有多个阈值。每次所检测到的转速以升序超过所述多个阈值时，所述控制单元增加所述恒定的增加速率。
优选地，动力供给单元包括切换单元，所述切换单元由脉宽调制(PWM)来控制以将动力供给至电机。
优选地，电压施加单元包括切换单元，所述切换单元由闸流晶体管相位控制器来控制以将动力供给至电机。
优选地，施加至电机的电压是有效值。
优选地，所述阈值用于确定电机负载是大还是小。如果转速在第一时间段内超过阈值，则控制单元确定电机负载小。如果转速在第一时间段内没有超过阈值，则控制单元确定电机负载大。
优选地，所述电机负载检测单元在从开始对电机的电力供给起的第一时间段内检测电机转速。所述控制单元根据所检测到的电机负载来确定电机负载是大还是小。如果所检测到的转速在第一时间段内超过阈值，则控制单元确定电机负载小并之后增加所述恒定的增加速率。如果所检测到的转速未超过阈值，则控制单元确定电机负载大并之后保持所述恒定的增加速率。
对于上述构造，所述动力工具可以基于负载的幅度来改变所施加至电机的电压的增加速率，由此执行适合于负载幅度的软启动控制。
具有这一构造的动力工具在负载幅度不大于指定的阈值时(即在负载小时)增加电压的速率，由此缩短将供给至电机的动力增加至目标值需要的时间。提供具有将电机在短时间内从静止状态加速至高转速的能力的动力工具可以极大地提高动力工具响应于触发器操作将动力供给至电机的能力。
应当注意，除非进行特殊的解释，电压通常是指有效电压。另外，应当注意，电机负载是大还是小根据在从启动电机的旋转开始起的预定时间段内的电机转速来确定。
对于上述构造，所述动力工具可以容易地通过检测电机转速和流过其中的电流来确定电机负载的大小。
对于上述构造，所述动力工具可以执行适合于负载大小的软启动控制。
附图说明
将从结合附图进行的以下描述明白本发明的特定的特征和优点以及其它目的，其中：
图1是根据本发明的作为动力工具的电钻(drill driver)的部分剖视图；
图2是沿着图1中的线II-II切割的电机的剖视图；
图3是示出控制电路部、逆变器电路部和电机的电路图；
图4示出在电机旋转时从霍尔集成电路(Hall IC)输出的信号的波形；
图5A-5C是示出电钻的常规的软启动控制过程的图表；
图6A-6C是示出在电机负载小时根据本发明的软启动控制的图表；
图7A-7C是示出在电机负载大时根据本发明的软启动控制的图表；和
图8是示出根据本发明的在软启动控制过程中的控制电路部的操作的流程图。
具体实施方式
将参照图1至8描述本发明的实施例，其中具有类似的功能的零件和部件以相同的附图标记来表示以避免重复描述。表达“前”、“后”、“上”和“下”在整个描述中是用于在打印机被设置在其所要使用所遵循的方向上时限定各个零件。另外，在本发明中电压通常表示有效电压，除非进行另外的解释。
参照图1，电钻1包括电池组2、壳体3和卡盘4。
电池组2设置有多个二次电池，并能够在壳体3连接至其上时将动力供给至壳体3。在该实施例中，电池组2设置有串联连接的四个锂离子电池单元。锂离子电池中的每个具有额定的3.6V的输出电压。尽管镍镉电池或镍金属混合电池也可以用作二次电池单元，但是优选的是锂离子电池，这是因为锂离子电池小、轻，且具有接近镍镉电池单元或镍金属混合电池单元的能量密度的三倍的能量密度。替代地，商业销售的动力源可以替代电池组2，用于将动力供给至壳体3。
壳体3由手持部5和主体部6构成，所述手持部5和主体部6由合成树脂材料一体模制而成。
电池组2可拆卸地安装在手持部5的底端上。手持部5也容装控制电路部51和触发器单元52。
进口61形成在主体部6的后端部中。所述主体部6从后侧向前侧依次地容装逆变器电路部62、电机63、防尘罩64、冷却风扇65、前向/反向切换杆66、减速齿轮机构67、离合器机构68和主轴(spindle)69。
控制电路部51设置在手持部5中且在其的底端，并在前后和左右方向上展开。控制电路部51用于控制逆变器电路部62。
触发器单元52设置有触发器操作部分52a。触发器操作部分52a从手持部5突出且在手持部5的上端附近，并由弹簧(未示出)向前推动。触发器单元52将信号输出至控制电路部51，指定对应于触发器操作部分52a向内按压的程度的动力输出的目标值。基于该目标值信号，控制电路部51生成用于驱动逆变器电路部62的脉宽调制(PWM)驱动信号。控制电路部51生成PWM驱动信号的过程将之后进行描述。
逆变器电路部62包括盘形电路板，在所述盘形电路板上安装有开关元件Q1-Q6(见图3)，所述开关元件Q1-Q6由绝缘栅极型功率管(IGBT)构成。开关元件Q1-Q6的栅极连接至控制电路部51(之后描述的控制信号输出电路518)，而开关元件Q1-Q6的集电极和发射极连接至电机63(定子线圈63b)。通过根据从控制电路部51输出的PWM驱动信号来接通和关断开关元件Q1-Q6，逆变器电路部62将从电池组2供给的DC电压转换成AC电压，并将该AC电压输出至电机63。尽管在该实施例中IGBT用作开关元件Q1-Q6，但是所述开关元件也可以由场效应晶体管(MOSFET)等构成。
接下来，电机63的结构将参照图2进行描述。图2示出作为具有内部磁体布置的三相无刷DC电机的电机63的剖视图。电机63包括定子63a、三相(U相、V相和W相)定子线圈63b和转子63c。
定子63a具有圆柱外形，并由圆柱部分63d和从所述圆柱部分63d径向内突出的六个齿部分63e构成。
三相(U、V、W)定子线圈63b连接成Y构成(或“星形”构成)。每一相U、V和W的定子线圈63b围绕两个相对的齿部分63e缠绕，在其间插入由树脂材料形成的绝缘层63f(见图1)。转子63c设置在齿部分63e的径向向内的位置上。转子63c包括输出轴63g和永磁体63h。永磁体63h沿着输出轴63g的轴向延伸，以使得永磁体63h的南(S)极和北(N)极在旋转方向上每90度进行交替。
三个霍尔集成电路63i-63k沿着其旋转方向以60度的间隔布置在转子63c附近。
每个霍尔集成电路63i-63k检测由永磁体63h生成的磁场。永磁体63h的位置根据霍尔集成电路63i-63k的输出信号来确定。作为提供霍尔集成电路63i-63k的一种替代方案，电钻1可以采用用于检测转子63c的旋转位置的无传感器的方法，其中滤波器用于将定子线圈63b的感应电磁力(反电动势)作为逻辑信号来检测。
如图1所示，定子63a的后端整体地被逆变器电路部62的盘形电路板覆盖，而前端被防尘罩64覆盖。于是，逆变器电路部62、定子63a和防尘罩64一起形成防尘结构(全密封的结构)，用于封闭或密封转子63c以防止渗透灰尘。
手持部5和主体部6可以被分隔成沿着横贯于电机63的输出轴63g的垂直平面的左半部和右半部。多个定子保持部分(未示出)形成在主体部6上。当装配主体部6和手持部5的左半部和右半部(此后称为“壳体构件”)时，电机63等被安装在壳体构件的左半部和右半部两者中任一个中，而另一半部被与第一半部装配，以使得定子63a被保持在定子保持构件中。随后，壳体构件的两个半部被用螺钉等固定。
冷却风扇65在电机63的前侧上同轴地设置有输出轴63g。出口(未示出)形成在主体部6中且在冷却风扇65的附近，进口61形成在主体部6的后侧中。由进口61到出口形成的路径构成流动路径P。流过流动路径P的空气抑制开关元件Q1-Q6和定子线圈63b的温升。当开关元件Q1-Q6生成大量热量时，冷却风扇65将冷却空气供给到流动路径P中，以强迫冷却开关元件Q1-Q6。
减速齿轮机构67例如由本领域中公知的两级行星齿轮减速机构(未示出)构成。减速齿轮机构67用于减小从电机63的输出轴63g输出的扭矩(转速)。
离合器机构68用于将主轴69与减速齿轮机构67的输出轴接合，和与之分离。离合器机构68设置有用于切换操作模式和调整扭矩的拨盘(dial)68a。在该实施例中通过旋转拨盘68a，操作者可以在驱动器模式和钻削模式之间选择，且在驱动器模式中，可以将工件施加至主轴69(滑移扭矩)的可允许负载进一步调整到十个不同水平中的一个上。
当在驱动器模式下将大于所选择的滑移扭矩的负载施加至主轴69时，离合器机构68将主轴69与减速齿轮机构67的输出轴分开。通过该配置，减速齿轮机构67的输出轴(即电机63)空载旋转，这防止电机63由于过大的负载而锁住。
然而，当选择钻削模式时，离合器机构68不将主轴69与减速齿轮机构67的输出轴分开，即使当过大的负载被施加至主轴69时也是如此。于是，当在钻削模式中负载过大时，在主轴69中保持的尖端工具锁住，随后电机63也锁住。因此，可以设置普通的冲击机构，来代替离合器机构68。
卡盘4安装在主轴69上，用于可拆卸地保持尖端工具(未示出)，例如钻头或驱动器头。当尖端工具安装在卡盘4中时，主轴69可以将扭矩传递至所述尖端工具。
前向/反向切换杆66从主体部6的中部向外突出，并用于切换电机63(转子63c)的旋转方向。当进行操作时，前向/反向切换杆66输出对应于所选择的旋转方向的旋转方向信号。
接下来，上述控制电路部51、逆变器电路部62和电机63的电路将参照图3进行描述。图3是示出用于控制电路部51、逆变器电路部62和电机63的电路配置的视图。
控制电路部51包括电流检测电路511、开关操作检测电路512、施加的电压设定电路513、转子位置检测电路514、转速检测电路515、旋转方向设定电路516、计算单元517和控制信号输出电路518。
电流检测电路511检测流过电机63(定子线圈63b)的电流，并将所检测到的电流输出至计算单元517。开关操作检测电路512检测触发器单元52上的向内的压力，并将所检测到的结果输出至计算单元517。施加的电压设定电路513根据从触发器单元52输出的目标值信号设定用于驱动逆变器电路部62的开关元件Q1-Q6的PWM驱动信号的PWM的占空比(duty cycle)，并将所设定的占空比输出至计算单元517。
转子位置检测电路514根据从霍尔集成电路63i-63k输出的检测信号检测转子63c的位置，并将所检测到的位置输出至计算单元517。转速检测电路515根据在从霍尔集成电路63i-63k输出的旋转到的位置的检测信号之间的时间间隔来检测电机63的转速，并将该转速输出至计算单元517。旋转方向设定电路516根据从前向/反向切换杆66输出的信号来设定电机63(转子63c)的旋转方向，并将对应的信号输出至计算单元517。
接下来，将参照图4描述转速检测电路515检测电机63的转速的方法。图4示出从霍尔集成电路63i-63k输出的信号波形的一个示例，其表示当电机63在旋转时所检测到的电机63的位置。
转速检测电路515根据从霍尔集成电路63i-63k输出的检测信号的前沿和随后的后沿之间的间隔来检测电机63的转速。
具体地，对于电机63的所旋转到的位置的检测信号在对应的霍尔集成电路(63i-63k)沿着旋转方向与永磁体63h的一端相对时上升，在所述霍尔集成电路(63i-63k)与同一永磁体63h的另一端相对时下降。在该实施例中，霍尔集成电路63i-63k沿着旋转方向以60度的间隔设置，永磁体63h以90度的间隔设置，同时在N极和S极之间交替。因此，每次转子63c旋转30度时，检测信号就上升或下降。由于在前沿和后沿之间的时间间隔Ta(msec)是电机63旋转30度所需要的时间段，所以电机63的转速N(rpm)可以由以下等式算出：N(rpm)＝(1000/(Ta(msec)×12))×60。
计算单元517根据从开关操作检测电路512、施加的电压设定电路513和转速检测电路515的输出来生成PWM驱动信号H4-H6，根据转子位置检测电路514和旋转方向设定电路516的输出来生成输出切换信号H1-H3。更具体地，当开关操作检测电路512检测到触发器单元52上的向内的压力时，计算单元517根据施加的电压设定电路513的输出设定PWM的占空比的目标值，并根据转速检测电路515的输出来设定PWM的占空比的增加速率(之后描述)。
控制信号输出电路518将由计算单元517生成的输出切换信号H1-H3和PWM驱动信号H4-H6输出至逆变器电路部62。具体地，控制信号输出电路518将PWM驱动信号H4-H6输出至在负压侧上的开关元件Q4-Q6，并将输出切换信号H1-H3输出至在正压侧上的开关元件Q1-Q3。
逆变器电路部62根据PWM驱动信号H4-H6输出对应于触发器操作部分52a的压缩量的电压(PWM的占空比的目标值)，并根据输出切换信号H1-H3来设定由该电压所被施加至的定子线圈63b(U、V、W)。通过该过程，逆变器电路部62以120度的导通角将三相AC电压Vu、Vv和Vw顺序地施加至三相定子线圈63b(U、V、W)。可选地，控制信号输出电路518可以配置成将PWM驱动信号H4-H6输出至开关元件Q1-Q3，并将输出切换信号H1-H3输出至开关元件Q4-Q6。
计算单元517生成用于接通在负压侧上的开关元件Q4-Q6和切断在正压侧上的开关元件Q1-Q3的中断信号，以停止电机63的旋转。在仅仅切断在正压侧上的开关元件Q1-Q3将允许电机63由其惯性继续旋转时，接通在负压侧上的开关元件Q4-Q6将使定子线圈63b短路，从而形成电流路径。因此，由其惯性所产生的旋转电机63的动能被转换成分岔到该电流路径(短路制动)上的电能，从而将对由惯性造成的电机63的旋转进行制动。
如上所述，电钻1始终控制电机63的转速。然而，在该实施例中，电钻1也根据触发器单元52被压进时(当电机63启动时)施加给电机63的负载的大小来进行软启动控制。
接下来，将参照图5-8来描述根据本发明的软启动控制。
图5A-5C、6A-6C和7A-7C示出PWM的占空比随时间的变化、电机的转速随时间的变化以及被供给电机的电流随时间的变化。
采用软启动控制以逐渐地将PWM的占空比增加到目标值，以便防止在启动电机时生成过大的启动电流。由于启动电流的大小依赖于在电机的转速下施加给电机的电压，所以通常启动电流在PWM的占空比达到100％时到达最大量。在该实施例中，假定PWM的占空比的目标值是100％，但是可以对于不同的目标值类似地进行软启动控制。另外，存在许多种设定PWM的占空比的目标值的方法。例如，在触发器单元52被甚至略微按压时，可以将电钻1配置成把目标值设定成100％。
如图5所示，PWM的占空比在常规的软启动控制中以固定的速率增加。因此，动力工具花费比在施加给电机的负载小时启动电机所必须的时间更多的时间，因此呈现出很小的产生大的启动电流的风险。在本发明中，施加给电机的负载被指定成电机负载。
另外，动力工具对于将动力供给至电机的触发器操作的响应很差。这种类型的动力工具看上去具有很差的手持和操作性能，尤其是当用户通过反复接通/断开触发器操作来紧固小螺钉时。另一方面，当所述负载高于预期时，所述常规动力工具将生成大的启动电流(过载电流)，即使当进行软启动控制时。过大的电流增加了部件的温度，潜在地导致电机、逆变器电路等的烧坏。
在本发明中，大的电机负载意味着电机的转速相对慢，这是因为通过流过电机63的电流而电连接至电机63的大负载相对大。另一方面，小的电机负载意味着电机的转速相对高，这是因为通过流过电机63的电流而电连接至电机63的小负载相对小。相应地，对电机的转速的检测导致确定电机负载的是大还是小。
因此，在根据本发明的软启动控制中，电钻1根据电机负载的大小来改变PWM的占空比的增加速率。如图6所示，电钻1使用PWM的占空比的增加速率Da来开始软启动控制。如果电机63的转速在PWM的占空比到达100％之前越过阈值Nth，则电钻1确定所述负载小，并将增加速率调整至比速率Da更大的速率Db。假定常规的增加速率Dc是0.5％/msec，则在该实施例中，增加速率Da被设定成0.3％/msec，增加速率Db被设定成1.2％/msec，阈值Nth设定成4000rpm。该配置允许电钻1缩短用于将PWM的占空比增加至目标值所需要的启动时间段。另外，由于电钻1将电机63在较短的时间段内从其静止状态加速到高速旋转，即使在通过重复触发器单元52的接通/断开操作来紧固小螺钉时，该配置极大地改善了电钻1响应于用于将动力供给至电机63的触发器单元52的操作的能力。
另一方面，如果电机63的转速直到PWM的占空比到达100％时没有超过阈值Nth，则电钻1确定所述负载大，且不改变增加速率，由此防止在电机63以低速旋转时由将大电压施加至电机63而造成的大启动电流的生成。由于所述速率Da被设定成比在常规的软启动控制过程中的增加速率Dc小，所以电钻1在不生成足够大到进入过载电流区域中的启动电流的情况下完成软启动控制，如图7所示。这样，上述控制过程防止由温升造成的电机、逆变器电路等的烧坏，由此提高了产品的可靠性。
接下来，在软启动过程中控制电路部51的操作将参照图8中的流程图进行描述。所述控制电路部51在对电钻1的电力供应接通时开始该过程。
在图8中的过程的起始处的步骤S101中，控制电路部51确定触发器单元52是否已经接通。如果触发器单元52被接通(S101：是)，则在步骤S102中，控制电路部51激励电机63，并以速率Da增加PWM的占空比。随后，在步骤S103中，控制电路部51确定所述占空比是否低于100％。如果所述占空比小于100％(S103：是)，则控制电路部51转到步骤S104，并确定电机63的转速N是否大于阈值Nth。如果所述转速N大于阈值Nth(S104：是)，则在步骤S105中，控制电路部51将PWM的占空比的增加速率改变成速率Db。在步骤S106中，控制电路部51确定触发器单元52是否已经被切断。
另一方面，如果所述占空比是100％(S103：否)，控制电路部51跳到步骤S106，并确定触发器单元52是否已经被切断。且如果控制电路部51确定转速N在预定时间段内没有超过阈值Nth(S104：否)，则所述控制电路部51跳到步骤S106并确定触发器单元52是否已经被切断。如果触发器单元52还没有被切断(S106：否)，则控制电路部51返回至步骤S103，重新确定所述占空比是否小于100％。然而，如果触发器单元52已经被切断(S106：是)，则在步骤S107中控制电路部51使电机63的旋转停止。随后，所述控制电路部51返回至步骤S101，并重新确定触发器单元52是否已经接通。
如上所述，电钻1在启动电机时根据电机63的转速(施加至电机63的负载的幅度)来修改施加至电机的电压的占空比的增加速率。相应地，电钻1可以进行适合于负载的幅度的软启动控制。
接下来，将描述设定阈值Nth和增加速率Da和Db的方法。在该实施例中，阈值Nth和增加速率Da通过对最大预期负载进行操作来设定，而速率Db通过对最小预期负载进行操作来设定。具体地，所述速率Da被设定成防止在以最大负载进行操作时启动电流进入过载电流区域的值。假定PWM的占空比增加的速率Da不变，阈值Nth被设定成大于电机在PWM的占空比到达100％的时刻的电机的转速的值。另外阈值Nth被设定成小于在稳态下的电机的正常转速。在电机的转速到达阈值Nth且所施加的电压的占空比的增加速率是从速率Da切换时，速率Db被设定成防止启动电流进入过载电流区域的值。
尽管根据本发明的动力工具已经参照其具体的实施例进行了详细描述，但是本领域技术人员应当理解，在不背离本发明的精神的情况下可以对其进行许多修改和变化，本发明的保护范围由所附的权利要求所限定。
例如，尽管在上述实施例中设定单个阈值Nth，但是可以设定两个或更多个阈值以便PWM的占空比的增加速率以多个台阶变化。另外，当在软启动控制过程中经过预定时间之后电机63的转速没有上升到预定值时，电钻1可以确定负载大于预期，并可以降低施加至电机的电压的增加速率。该方法可以进一步提高产品的可靠性。
在上述实施例中，电钻1根据电机的转速来确定负载，但是负载可以使用由电流检测电路511检测到的用于在电机63中流动的电流的值来确定。
在上述实施例中，电钻1用作根据本发明的动力工具的示例，但是本发明可以用于其它的动力工具，例如冲击钻或锤钻。
在上述实施例中，电机被描述为无刷DC电机63，其转速通过脉宽调制来控制。然而，本发明可以应用于TRIAC导通角使用闸流晶体管来进行相位控制的通用电机。
在上述实施例中，本发明的控制单元将脉宽调制(PWM)用于控制，但是也可以替代地使用脉幅调制(PAM)等。

Claims (14)

1.一种动力工具，包括：
电机；
动力供给单元，其将动力供给至所述电机；
触发器单元，其使所述动力供给单元开始将电压施加至所述电机；
控制单元，其控制所述动力供给单元用于以恒定的增加速率增加给所述电机的电压，其中所述控制单元包括确定单元，所述确定单元确定所述电机负载是大还是小，其中如果所述确定单元确定电机负载小，则所述控制单元增加所述恒定的增加速率；和
电机负载检测单元，其检测电机负载，其中所述控制单元根据所述电机负载来改变所述恒定的增加速率。
2.根据权利要求1所述的动力工具，其中所述动力供给单元包括切换单元，所述切换单元由脉宽调制(PWM)来控制以将动力供给至所述电机。
3.根据权利要求1所述的动力工具，其中所述动力供给单元包括切换单元，由闸流晶体管相位控制器来控制所述切换单元以将动力供给至所述电机。
4.根据权利要求1所述的动力工具，其中被施加至所述电机的电压是有效值。
5.一种动力工具，包括：
电机；
动力供给单元，其将动力供给至所述电机；
触发器单元，其使所述动力供给单元开始将电压施加至所述电机；
控制单元，其控制所述动力供给单元用于以恒定的增加速率增加给所述电机的电压；
电机负载检测单元，其检测电机负载，其中所述控制单元根据所述电机负载来改变所述恒定的增加速率；
检测单元，其检测所述电机的转速；和
确定单元，其确定所述电机的转速是否在开始动力供应至所述电机之后第一时间段内超过阈值，其中
如果所述确定单元确定所述电机的转速超过所述阈值，则控制单元增加所述恒定的增加速率。
6.根据权利要求5所述的动力工具，其中所述控制单元具有多个阈值，每次所述检测到的转速以升序超过所述多个阈值时，所述控制单元增加所述恒定的增加速率。
7.根据权利要求5所述的动力工具，其中所述动力供给单元包括切换单元，所述切换单元由脉宽调制(PWM)来控制以将动力供给至所述电机。
8.根据权利要求5所述的动力工具，其中所述动力供给单元包括切换单元，由闸流晶体管相位控制器来控制所述切换单元以将动力供给至所述电机。
9.根据权利要求5所述的动力工具，其中被施加至所述电机的电压是有效值。
10.根据权利要求5所述的动力工具，其中所述阈值用于确定所述电机负载是大还是小，
如果所述转速在所述第一时间段内超过所述阈值，则所述控制单元确定所述电机负载小，如果所述转速在所述第一时间段内没有超过所述阈值，则所述控制单元确定所述电机负载大。
11.一种动力工具，包括：
电机；
动力供给单元，其将动力供给至所述电机；
触发器单元，其使所述动力供给单元开始将电压施加至所述电机；
控制单元，其控制所述动力供给单元用于以恒定的增加速率增加给所述电机的电压；和
电机负载检测单元，其检测电机负载，其中所述控制单元根据所述电机负载来改变所述恒定的增加速率，
其中所述电机负载检测单元检测从开始供给动力至所述电机起第一时间段内的电机的转速，所述控制单元根据所检测到的电机负载来确定所述电机负载是大还是小，且其中
如果所检测到的转速在所述第一时间段内超过阈值，则所述控制单元确定所述电机负载小，并之后增加所述恒定的增加速率，且
如果所检测到的转速没有超过阈值，则所述控制单元确定所述电机负载大，并之后保持所述恒定的增加速率。
12.根据权利要求11所述的动力工具，其中所述动力供给单元包括切换单元，所述切换单元由脉宽调制(PWM)来控制以将动力供给至所述电机。
13.根据权利要求11所述的动力工具，其中所述动力供给单元包括切换单元，由闸流晶体管相位控制器来控制所述切换单元以将动力供给至所述电机。
14.根据权利要求11所述的动力工具，其中被施加至所述电机的电压是有效值。
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