CN102164946A - 血管紧张素转换酶抑制肽 - Google Patents
血管紧张素转换酶抑制肽 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102164946A CN102164946A CN2009801374625A CN200980137462A CN102164946A CN 102164946 A CN102164946 A CN 102164946A CN 2009801374625 A CN2009801374625 A CN 2009801374625A CN 200980137462 A CN200980137462 A CN 200980137462A CN 102164946 A CN102164946 A CN 102164946A
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Abstract
本发明公开了ACE抑制肽,其可以在小剂量下有效抑制ACE,且没有副作用,高血压患者在日常生活期间容易经口摄取该ACE抑制肽。本发明还公开了包含所述肽的组合物。本发明特别公开了由如下结构式(1)~(9)中的任一个结构式表示的肽或其盐:(1)Asp-Arg-Pro,(2)Asn-Trp,(3)Val-Gly-Leu,(4)Ile-Gly-Val,(5)Gly-Val-Pro,(6)Ile-Pro-Tyr,(7)pyroGlu-Pro,(8)Tyr-Thr和(9)Pro-Trp。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及通过抑制血管紧张素转换酶而发挥降低血压作用的肽,包含这些肽的组合物及其生产方法。
背景技术
血管紧张素转换酶(在下文中被称为ACE)是存在于动物体内的一种羧基肽酶,且通过消化血管紧张素I的一个肽键来生成血管紧张素II。血管紧张素II是具有强血管加压活性的肽激素,且通过血管收缩、加速醛固酮分泌等引起高血压。因此,抑制ACE活性使得可以控制血管紧张素II生成并治疗高血压。到现在为止,已经将诸如卡托普利(captopril)等的药物投入实际使用并作为ACE抑制剂广泛应用。然而,因为这些药物具有强烈的作用,因此可能引起副作用,并且在许多ACE抑制剂的情况下,必须注意诸如干咳等的副作用。
另一方面,由于作为ACE底物的血管紧张素I是一种肽,已经对提供通过天然物来源的肽竞争性抑制ACE并且没有副作用的高血压治疗剂进行了研究(例如参见特许文献1~5)。因为这些肽作用温和,因此预期有高安全性。另一方面,问题在于肽或含有所述肽的组合物必须以比较大的量摄取方能摄取其有效量。另外,因为这些肽中的许多具有整体疏水性质,并且人们认为这类肽通常具有强烈的苦味(例如参见特许文献6、非特许文献1和2),所以还有一个问题是难以大量经口摄取。
特许文献1:特开平4-091097号公报
特许文献2:特开平5-262790号公报
特许文献3:特开平6-040944号公报
特许文献4:特开平7-188282号公报
特许文献5:特开平10-175997号公报
特许文献6:特开平2006-75064号公报
非特许文献1:Wenyi Wang等,Comprehensive Reviews in FoodScience and Food Safety(食品科学和食品安全性的综合报告),2005,(4),p.63-78
非特许文献2:藤卷正生等著,《改定新版食品化学》,朝仓书店,1976年3月,p117-118。
发明内容
本发明要解决的问题
本发明要解决的问题在于提供:ACE抑制肽,其少量摄取就有效抑制ACE,没有引起副作用的担忧,并且苦味较轻,且可以由高血压患者在日常生活期间容易地经口摄取;包含所述肽的组合物;及它们的生产方法。
解决问题的手段
为了解决上述问题,本发明者进行了深入的研究,结果发现了具有至今不知道存在ACE抑制作用的化学结构(氨基酸序列)并且具有明显强烈作用的肽,从而实现了本发明。
也就是说,根据本发明,提供了
[1]由如下结构式(1)~(9)表示的血管紧张素转换酶抑制肽:
(1)Asp-Arg-Pro,(2)Asn-Trp,(3)Val-Gly-Leu,(4)Ile-Gly-Val,(5)Gly-Val-Pro,(6)Ile-Pro-Tyr,(7)pyroGlu-Pro,(8)Tyr-Thr和(9)Pro-Trp及其盐;
[2]血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂,其包含上项[1]中所述肽的至少一种;
[3]组合物,其包含上项[1]中所述肽的至少一种且减缓高血压症状;和
[4]生产上面项[1]中所述肽的方法,其中将大豆在25℃以上与曲霉属真菌培养物混合并搅拌。
发明效果
通过本发明,提供了:ACE抑制肽,其少量摄取即有效抑制ACE,没有引起副作用的担忧,并且苦味较轻,且可以高血压者在日常生活期间容易地经口摄取;包含这些肽的组合物;及它们的生产方法。
附图说明
[图1]图1为展示当将Asp-Arg-Pro从组合物l中分离出时的UV峰的图。
[图2]图2为展示当将组合物1长期施用于高血压大鼠时血压值变化的图。
具体实施方式
以下详细地描述本发明。
本发明的肽(1)Asp-Arg-Pro、(2)Asn-Trp、(3)Val-Gly-Leu、(4)Ile-Gly-Val、(5)Gly-Val-Pro、(6)Ile-Pro-Tyr、(7)pyroGlu-Pro、(8)Tyr-Thr和(9)Pro-Trp是二肽或三肽,其中各氨基酸残基由通常使用的三字母代码表示,且pyroGlu代表焦谷氨酸残基。这些肽可以例如通过化学合成方法生成。众所周知的方法有,例如,液相方法,其中氨基末端侧氨基酸的氨基用苄氧基羰基保护,且羧基用对硝基苯酯基活化并在三乙胺存在下与羧基末端侧氨基酸缩合、接着通过催化还原或用三氟乙酸除去保护基团;和固相方法,其中羧基末端侧氨基酸结合到聚合固相载体上,且氨基酸在进行氨基保护和羧基活化之后通过肽键顺次结合到聚合固相载体上,接着通过使用三氟乙酸、氟化氢等从固相载体切断而除去氨基酸侧链保护基团。可以通过这两种方法进行生产。在这方面,可以预期不仅可以由单纯肽物质,而且可以由其与生理学可接受离子的盐得到类似效果。
另外,本发明的肽也可以使用柱色谱等通过从用适当蛋白酶试剂水解含所述氨基酸序列的蛋白质而制备的组合物中分离并纯化来生产。在那种情况下,即使以含有所述肽的组合物的形式摄取时,也可以获得目的效果。与上述化学合成方法相比较,这更加合乎需要,因为易于大量生产且生产成本低。
关于在通过水解蛋白质而获得本发明的肽的情况下的蛋白质源,虽然可以使用任何材料,只要可以实现本发明的目的即可,但是优选适合使用豆科植物。更优选的是,从栽培量大、成本低、蛋白质含量大、食用经验丰富和水解后组合物的味道良好的观点来看,适宜使用大豆。大豆的种类包括黄豆、红豆、黑豆等,且黄豆特别适宜。关于大豆的形式,可以使用整粒大豆(整粒全脂大豆)、脱脂大豆、纯化大豆蛋白等本身或者可以在压碎和粉碎之后施加任选的蛋白质变性处理来使用。关于蛋白质变性处理,优选工业上广泛使用的加压蒸煮。
关于在通过水解蛋白质而获得本发明的肽的情况下的蛋白酶试剂,虽然可以使用任何材料,只要可以实现本发明的目的即可,但是从蛋白酶活性高、成本低、食用经验丰富、安全性有保证和水解后组合物的味道良好的观点来看,适合使用曲霉属真菌培养物。关于曲霉属真菌,特别合适的是米曲霉(Aspergillus oryzae)和/或酱油曲霉(Aspergillus sojae)。这些微生物自古已用于在发酵生产酱油和味增中进行蛋白质降解,且其安全性也已经在GRAS(公认为安全的,GernerallyRecognized As Safe)列表中记载并经美国食品和药品管理局(FDA)批准。曲霉属真菌培养物是通过使用大豆、小麦、稻米等作为培养基接种并培养曲霉属真菌而获得的产物。根据培养方法的不同,将其分类为液体曲霉属真菌培养物和固体曲霉属真菌培养物,且两种情况都可以用于本发明。例如,液体曲霉属真菌培养物可以通过将曲霉属真菌接种到含有1%~5%的大豆、小麦、麦麸等的液体培养基中并在25℃~40℃下将其培养24小时~120小时来获得。同样,固体曲霉属真菌培养物混合物可以通过将曲霉属真菌接种在含有大豆、小麦等的固体培养基上并在25℃~40℃下将其培养24小时~120小时来获得。
关于上述水解反应的条件,将最终浓度为10%~70%、优选30%~50%的曲霉属真菌培养物与最终浓度为5%~40%、优选15%~30%的大豆、最终浓度为0%~25%、优选6%~18%的盐,还有最终浓度为0%~85%的水混合,且将大豆和盐的最终浓度调整到上述范围,接着在25℃~60℃、优选30℃~55℃下,在10rpm~150rpm的搅拌速率下反应12小时~240小时、优选24小时~168小时。为了任选地改善香味,可以加入属于接合酵母属的酵母菌株等,同时进行发酵。
不管是否含有本发明的肽,通过上述生产方法制备的组合物都可作为食物美味地摄取,因为几乎不能感觉到苦味且其具有甘美、醇厚稳定优良的香味,这明显不同于通常已知的含ACE抑制肽的组合物。
用于从上述组合物中分离并纯化本发明的肽的方法包括可以列举的超滤、渗析、各种类型的色谱法等。这些是一般广泛使用的方法。特别地讲,从样品处理量和纯化效率的观点来看,阳离子交换色谱法和反相色谱法是有效的。
以此方式获得的本发明的肽可通过经口或肠胃外施用作为ACE抑制剂、即血压上升抑制/降低剂使用。根据常用方式,在经口施用的情况下,可将其制成诸如片剂、颗粒剂、粉末、胶囊等形式,且在肠胃外施用的情况下,可将其制成诸如注射制剂、经皮制剂、栓剂等形式。
另外,为了预防和/或治疗高血压,可将其用于食品和饮料(例如健康食品、注重健康的食品、功能性食品、特定健康用途的食品等)中。本发明的肽可以通过将其加入各种类型的食品和饮料中来生产,且因为即使是在上述含肽组合物的形式下,其味道也良好,所以可以容易地将其加入各种类型的食品和饮料中。此外,也容易摄取组合物本身。以此方式获得的食品和饮料的实例包括酱油、含酱油产品、酱油粉、味增、面汁和汤类、肉汤、豆浆、发酵乳、清凉饮料、饮料浓缩原液和调整用粉末、酒、含油脂食品、面条、水产加工食品、肉类加工食品、半固体食品、糊状食品、固体食品等。
虽然这些肽的剂量根据预防或治疗用途和方法而异,但是每天适宜在0.01mg~100mg范围内的肽。另外,在其作为各种类型的食品和饮料摄取的情况下,IC50表示的ACE抑制活性总体上成为1mg/ml以下是相宜的。
下文参考实施例说明性地描述本发明,本发明的技术范围不受这些实施例限制。
实施例1
<通过化学合成方法生产肽>
在下文中举例说明Asn-Trp的生产。在这方面,关于试剂,除了特别提到的试剂以外,使用由和光纯药生产的试剂。首先,将120mg L-色氨酸盐酸盐溶解于2ml二甲基甲酰胺中,并加入150μl三乙胺和300mg Z-Asn-Onp(由国产化学社制造),且在室温下搅拌24小时。接着,加入20ml 1%氨水并使其在-10℃下静置1小时。形成的沉淀物通过过滤收集并用冷水洗涤沉淀物。将沉淀物溶解于20ml甲醇中;向其中加入20mg活性碳钯;且在氮气密封之后,进行催化还原反应。反应在室温、大气压下与氢气接触下进行3天。反应之后,过滤除去不溶物质且使甲醇蒸发,随后溶解在蒸馏水中。接着,通过连接HPLC(LC-8A,由岛津制作所制造)的ODS柱(Cosmosil 5C18-ARII 20×250mm,由Nakalai Tesque制造)进行分级纯化。通过使用超纯水+0.1%三氟乙酸(TFA)作为洗脱剂A,和乙腈+0.1%TFA作为洗脱剂B,根据常用方式进行梯度洗脱。各级分通过薄层色谱(TLC)分析,且从用茚三酮试剂显示斑点的级分获得87mg Asn-Trp。使用蛋白质测序仪(Procise 492,由Applied Biosystems制造)、NMR(ADVANCE 500,由Bruker制造)和LC-MS(1100,由Agilent Technologies制造;和QSTAR Elite,由Applied Biosystems制造,柱为Develosil RPAQUEOUS-AR,由野村化学社制造),根据常用方式证实其化学结构。
测量通过上述合成方法获得的肽的ACE抑制活性。关于测量方法,通过将Yamamoto等的方法(山本节子等,日胸疾会志,1980,18,p.297~302)加以部分改变的方法来实行。也就是说,将140μl样品溶液、10μl酶溶液(0.3U/ml的ACE(得自兔肺,由SIGMA制造)和50mM硼酸盐缓冲液(pH 8.3)加到100μl底物溶液(12.5mM Hippuryl-His-Leu(由SIGMA制造)、100mM硼酸盐缓冲液pH 8.3、1M NaCl)中,且使反应在37℃下进行30分钟。随后,通过加入250μl 1N盐酸且搅拌后加入1.5ml乙酸乙酯使反应停止,随后离心,将1ml乙酸乙酯层通过离心浓缩进行浓缩和干燥,随后将其溶解于1ml超纯水中以测量在228nm下的吸光度。ACE抑制比由下式表示。
ACE抑制比(%)={1-(ODs-ODsb)/(ODc-ODcb)}×100
在这方面,ODs是当向如上所述的样品中加入酶溶液而进行反应时的吸光度;ODsb是当超纯水代替酶溶液加入时的吸光度;ODc是当超纯水代替样品溶液加入时的吸光度;且ODcb是当超纯水代替酶溶液和样品溶液加入时的吸光度。另外,将在该反应系统中提供50%的酶活性抑制比的样品浓度视为IC50值。
本发明的肽的ACE抑制活性见表1。在这方面,至今所记录的约400种主要ACE抑制肽的IC50值为约1μM~1000μM(山田耕路编著,《食品科学丛书-3》“食品成分的作用”,朝仓书店,2004年3月,p.63~67)。因为与常规已知的肽相比,本发明的肽具有充分强的活性,所以认为它们在产业上有用。
表1
氨基酸序列 | ACE抑制活性(IC50,μM) |
Asp-Arg-Pro | 79 |
Asn-Trp | 25 |
Val-Gly-Leu | 257 |
Ile-Gly-Val | 212 |
Gly-Val-Pro | 100 |
Ile-Pro-Tyr | 79 |
pyroGlu-Pro | 106 |
Tyr-Thr | 35 |
Pro-Trp | 186 |
实施例2
<通过将大豆用曲霉属真菌培养混合物降解的方法生产肽>
将曲霉属真菌酱油曲霉的孢子加到含有等量的热变性的整粒大豆和小麦的固体培养基中,并在25℃~40℃下培养72小时以获得曲霉属真菌培养物。接着,将14kg热变性的整粒大豆、2kg曲霉属真菌培养物、16升水和3kg盐混合,并在100rpm下且在45℃下,搅拌5天以获得酱醪。接着,将酵母菌株:鲁氏接合酵母与其以1.5×106个细胞/毫升的比率混合,并使其在25℃下静置7天。接着,使用液压式压滤机从酱醪中除去不溶性固体物质以获得上清液。使用HS杀菌机(由日阪制作所制造)在117℃下加热5秒,进一步进行酶失活和杀菌,在50℃下静置3天后,收集20升不含沉渣的单纯上清液(组合物1)。
通过电渗析,使5L组合物1脱盐到约0%盐,并将其加载在柱容积为18升的ODS柱(SP-120-40/60-ODS-B,由大曹株式会社制造)上。使用含有0.1%TFA的蒸馏水作为洗脱剂A、含有0.1%TFA的30%乙腈作为洗脱剂B和含有0.1%TFA的乙腈作为洗脱剂C,从A到B进行线性梯度洗脱20小时,随后从B到C进行线性梯度洗脱5小时。流速设为45mL/min,获得各1600ml的级分。将其六个级分组合并通过蒸发器浓缩,和冷冻干燥以获得冻干的粉末。测量其ACE抑制活性(IC50值)。
将上述冻干的粉末溶解于超纯水中,随后加载在连接到高效液相色谱(HPLC,由岛津制作所制造)的ODS柱(Cosmosil 5C18-ARII 20×250mm,由Nakalai Tesque制造)上。通过使用含有0.1%TFA的超纯水作为洗脱剂A、含有0.1%TFA的70%乙腈作为洗脱剂B,且在用B:0%保持10分钟之后,从B:0%到B:30%进行线性梯度洗脱70分钟,随后直到B:100%进行线性梯度洗脱20分钟。流速设为5mL/min,获得各7.5ml的级分。在收集之后,从各级分收集100μl样品,进行离心浓缩,接着再次溶解于500μl超纯水中以测量ACE抑制活性。
此外,将具有ACE抑制活性的各级分加载在C30柱(DevelosilRPAQUEOUS-AR 20×250mm,由野村化学社制造)上。使用超纯水+0.1%TFA作为洗脱剂A,40%乙腈+0.1%TFA作为洗脱剂B,用6ml的级分量,以5mL/min的流速,在(A 100%:l0分钟)→(梯度直到B30%:60分钟)→(梯度直到B 100%:30分钟)的梯度条件下进行分级。其色谱示于图1中。当测量ACE抑制活性时,仅在箭头所示的峰上发现活性。当通过蒸发器浓缩级分并使用蛋白质测序仪进行结构分析时,进行NMR和LC-MS,其为Asp-Arg-Pro。以同样的方式,从其它级分中分离出Asn-Trp、Val-Gly-Leu、Ile-Gly-Val、Gly-Val-Pro、Ile-Pro-Tyr和pyroGIu-Pro。
使用上述LC-MS,测定包含在组合物1中的本发明的肽。首先,使用通过化学合成获得的肽作为标准物制作校准曲线。接着,组合物1通过电渗析脱盐并任选稀释以进行其分析,从来源于各肽的离子的检出的量来计算含量。结果示于表2中。
表2
氨基酸序列 | 组合物1中的含量(μg/ml) |
Asp-Arg-Pro | 154 |
Asn-Trp | 2 |
Val-Gly-Leu | 1 |
Ile-Gly-Val | 2 |
Gly-Val-Pro | 56 |
pyroGlu-Pro | 60 |
Tyr-Thr | 10 |
Pro-Trp | 127 |
以同样的方式,将在通过不同条件的生产方法获得的组合物中所含的本发明的肽的含量示于表3中。作为比较例,使用小麦代替大豆,且使用供食品用的蛋白酶试剂(碱性蛋白酶2.4L-FG,由NOVOZYMES制造)代替曲霉属真菌培养物。根据表3的结果,可以了解大豆是优良的材料;曲霉属真菌培养物是优良的酶制剂;且25℃以上是优良的反应温度。也就是说,可通过将大豆在25℃以上与曲霉属真菌培养物混合并搅拌,来特别有效地生产本发明的肽。
实施例3
<通过向大鼠长期施用混合饲料检查降血压作用>
在将35只5周龄的雄性盐敏感性高血压大鼠(Dahl-S)分成5组、每组7只动物后,进行长期的混合饲料施用试验30天。样品的盐浓度通过火焰分析来分析并通过加盐调整,使得饲料中的盐浓度在各组间变得相同。在试验期期间,虽然自由摄取饲料,但摄取量在各组之间大致相同。
第一组(对照)(图中▲):通过混合以饲料计25%v/w的低盐酱油(盐浓度7%w/v)制备的饲料(饲料中的盐浓度:3%w/w)。
第二组(组合物1)(图中●):通过20%v/v的前述组合物1与低盐酱油混合并以饲料计将其混合25%v/w而制备的饲料(饲料中的盐浓度:3%w/w且组合物1浓度:1.5%w/w)。
第三组(通过从组合物1中除去肽获得的级分)(图中○):通过将前述ODS-A级分(几乎不含肽的级分,通过由ODS柱分级组合物1而制备)与低盐酱油混合并以饲料计将其混合25%v/w而制备的饲料(饲料中的盐浓度:3%w/w且ODS-A级分浓度:1.3%w/w)。
第四组(组合物1的肽级分)(图中□):通过将前述ODS-B级分和ODS-C级分(富含肽的级分,通过由ODS柱分级组合物1制备)与响应于重量比的低盐酱油混合并以饲料计将其混合25%v/w而制备的饲料(饲料中的盐浓度:3%w/w且ODS-B和ODS-C级分的总浓度:0.2%w/w)。
第五组(由盐酸降解的肽级分)(图中■):通过根据常用方式用盐酸降解而完全降解ODS-B级分和ODS-C级分并以与第4组相同的方式混合所得肽而制备的饲料(饲料中的盐浓度:3%w/w且ODS-B和ODS-C级分的总浓度:0.2%w/w)。
使用无创式血压计MK-2000,从试验开始的时间起,以一周的间隔进行收缩压测量。结果见图2。在这方面,采用施用后第30天的收缩压值,通过Tukey多重比较检验进行统计处理。
根据图2的结果,含有本发明的肽的组合物1明显抑制血压升高。另外,虽然在含肽的级分中见到了降血压作用,但是降血压作用因肽降解而消失。因此,表明组合物1的降血压作用源于肽。
实施例4
<感官评定>
使用组合物1和实施例2中描述的比较例1进行感官评定。由8个成员的小组,通过配对比较方法评定“苦味强度”和“味道合意度”。根据表4的结果,可以了解虽然本发明的发酵调味料富含肽,但其展示出较少苦味且具有合适的味道。虽然至今已公开了许多使用蛋白酶试剂的肽生产方法,但是认为本发明在其味道方面优于相关技术。
表4
展示强烈苦味的样品 | 具有较好味道的样品 | |
组合物1 | 1 | 8 |
比较例1 | 7 | 0 |
虽然已经详细地并参考本发明的具体实施方案描述了本发明,但是本领域的技术人员将明白的是,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的情况下可进行各种改变和修改。
本申请基于2009年1月19日提交的日本专利申请(特愿2009-008503),其全部内容通过参考并入本文中。另外,本文所引用的所有参考文献都是以整体并入。
工业实用性
通过本发明获得的血管紧张素转换酶抑制肽被少量摄取即有效地抑制ACE,没有引起副作用的担忧且可由高血压者在日常生活期间容易地经口摄取。另外,通过提供含有所述肽、具有优良的味道、具有高安全性且可作为食品容易地摄取的组合物的生产方法,有可能大大有助于改善高血压者的生活品质。
Claims (4)
1.由如下结构式(1)~(9)表示的血管紧张素转换酶抑制肽及其盐:
(1)Asp-Arg-Pro,(2)Asn-Trp,(3)Val-Gly-Leu,(4)Ile-Gly-Val,(5)Gly-Val-Pro,(6)Ile-Pro-Tyr,(7)pyroGlu-Pro,(8)Tyr-Thr和(9)Pro-Trp。
2.一种血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂,其包含如权利要求1所述的肽中的至少一种。
3.一种组合物,其包含如权利要求1所述的肽中的至少一种,并且减缓高血压的症状。
4.一种生产如权利要求1所述的肽的方法,其中在25℃以上将大豆与曲霉属真菌培养物混合并搅拌。
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