CN102131637B - 装潢性的装饰及其制造方法 - Google Patents

装潢性的装饰及其制造方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102131637B
CN102131637B CN200980133034.5A CN200980133034A CN102131637B CN 102131637 B CN102131637 B CN 102131637B CN 200980133034 A CN200980133034 A CN 200980133034A CN 102131637 B CN102131637 B CN 102131637B
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China
Prior art keywords
epidermis
seal
back sheet
foam
isolation layer
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Expired - Fee Related
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CN200980133034.5A
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CN102131637A (zh
Inventor
O·布瓦奈斯
R·R·奇迈莱克
R·J·沙达克
A·S·维希涅夫斯基
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Faurecia Interior Systems Inc
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Faurecia Interior Systems Inc
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Abstract

本发明涉及制造物品和方法,其可包括:表皮,其包括模制槽,所述表皮具有暴露表面和下表面,所述表皮形成材料片材;密封件,其具有设置成与所述表皮的所述下表面相邻的上表面并且覆盖所述表皮的所述下表面的包括所述模制槽的区域;至少一个缝合材料股线,其在所述表皮的暴露表面和泡沫背衬层之间穿过;以及背衬层,其形成用于所述表皮和所述密封件的背衬,所述背衬层具有下表面和固定到所述表皮和所述密封件上的上表面。

Description

装潢性的装饰及其制造方法
技术领域
本发明总体上涉及汽车装饰表面,具体地,本发明涉及提供期望感觉和外观的装饰表面。
背景技术
已有的汽车装饰表面采用各种装饰效果来增强汽车内部表面的外观和感觉。一种已有的方法涉在对内部装饰表面的表皮的暴露表面上的真空成型压印,仿造接缝/针脚或其它特征,以提供期望的外观和/或期望的感觉。在真空成型表皮之前,通常借助材料供给机将泡沫层压到表皮上。然后,表皮被组装到聚丙烯(PP)基底或丙烯睛-丁二烯-苯乙烯(ABS)基底上。在选择性的情况下,通过真空成型所形成的表面能够提供与诸如皮革的较高品质材料类似的表面特征。然而,来自ABS或PP材料的触觉特征通常不如想象的好。
另一个已有的方法涉及在表皮的暴露表面上的真空成型接缝压印,由此仿造真实缝合表面的压印。这个过程可以与表皮上的真实接缝结合使用。然后,表皮一般附接到由PP或ABS制成的基底上。然而,这个方法不会为传统的TPO材料提供额外的美学和触觉特征。
另一个现有技术的方法采用皮革作为汽车装饰的表皮,并且将泡沫背衬层附接到皮革表皮上。虽然皮革表皮将为内部装饰提供美感外观和感觉,但是这种方法的成本对于许多汽车设计而言可能是过高的。
因此,现有技术中需要改进的表皮/泡沫组件,其以合理的成本提供期望的美学和触觉特征。
发明内容
根据一个方面,本发明涉及一种制造物品,其可包括:表皮,其包括模制槽,所述表皮具有暴露表面和下表面,所述表皮形成材料片材;密封件,其具有设置成与所述表皮的所述下表面相邻的上表面并且覆盖所述表皮的所述下表面的包括所述模制槽的区域;至少一个缝合材料股线,其同时穿过所述表皮和所述密封件;以及背衬层,其形成用于所述表皮和所述密封件的背衬,所述背衬层具有下表面和固定到所述表皮和所述密封件上的上表面。然而,在可替代实施例中,可以省略缝合材料股线。
当结合附图参考本文的对本发明的优选实施例的说明时,其它的方面、特征、优点等对于本领域技术人员而言将变得明显。
附图说明
为了图示说明本发明的各个方面,在附图中示出了当前优选的形式,然而,应当理解,本发明并不限于所示的精确布置和结构。
图1是根据本发明实施例的车辆内部装饰部分的表皮层内表面的透视图;
图2是根据本发明实施例的车辆的内部装饰的一部分的剖视图;
图3是根据本发明实施例的具有热塑性膜的车辆的内部装饰的一部分的剖视图;
图4是根据本发明可替代实施例的具有热塑性膜的车辆的内部装饰的一部分的剖视图;
图5是根据本发明另一个可替代实施例的具有热塑性膜的车辆的内部装饰的一部分的剖视图;
图6是根据本发明可替代实施例的在密封件的每侧上各具有一个热塑性膜的车辆的内部装饰的一部分的剖视图;
图7A、7B、7C和7D示出了根据本发明实施例的图3的内部装饰部分的制造阶段的顺序;
图8是根据本发明实施例的车辆的内部装饰的一部分的平面图,其示出了嵌在装饰中的刻字,该刻字可以包括但不限于标识;以及
图9是根据本发明另一个实施例的车辆的内部装饰的一部分的平面图,其示出了嵌在装饰中的刻字。
具体实施方式
在以下的说明中,为了解释的目的,列出了特定的数字、材料和构造,以彻底理解本发明。然而,对于本领域技术人员而言显而易见的是,本发明可以在没有这些特定细节的情况下实施。在某些实例中,公知的特征可能被省略或简化,而不会使本发明不清楚。此外,说明书中涉及诸如“一个实施例”或“实施例”的用语意思是,根据实施例所述的特定特征、结构或特性包含在本发明的至少一个实施例中。说明书各个地方的诸如“在一个实施例中”或“在实施例中”的用语不必全部都指的是同一个实施例。
由于各种类型的泡沫和形成相应泡沫类型的原始泡沫材料的特征,当试图优化汽车内部装饰的审美和触觉特征时遇到了难题。以下说明有关的难题。
如背景技术部分中所述的诸如ABS和PP的材料在制造过程期间更容易加工,这是因为熔化的ABS和PP材料的高粘性将抑制这样的材料通过未覆盖的区域泄漏,未覆盖的区域为例如本发明的实施例中期望的缝合孔。
然而,当用在内部装饰中时,ABS和PP在其最终固化状态下具有不期望的触觉特征。具体地,这些材料对于人的感触而言较为坚硬,并且对汽车内部而言通常呈现比软的泡沫材料粗糙和品质较低的感觉。
开口蜂窝聚氨酯(PUR)泡沫具有的优点在于,在其最终的处理后的形式中提供比ABS或PP更期望的触觉特征,例如柔软度。然而,PUR泡沫在其未处理状态下为十足的液体,即完全是非粘性的。观察到的是,当灌注在表皮100和合适的基底之间时,未处理的PUR泡沫材料将通过缝合线102的缝合孔泄漏。因此,发明人面临两种方案的选择,每个都具有优点和缺陷。
第一个选择涉及在表皮和ABS或PP基底中的可靠缝合的使用,其提供了可靠缝合的具有美感的外观,但是导致的缺陷是具有ABS或PP材料的不期望的触觉特征。第二个选择可包括采用PUR泡沫用于背衬层,以获得期望的触觉特性PU泡沫。然而,该第二个选择将需要使用不具有孔且由此不具有缝合的表皮100,以避免泡沫在处理过程期间泄漏的问题。从而,该第二个选择导致的缺陷是其具有的外观不如可靠缝合的外观美观。因此,发明人设法提供既具有美感外观又具有期望触觉特性的内部装饰。
图1-6的实施例优选地能够操作成提供汽车装饰10,其具有期望的美学和触觉特征,同时不会导致泡沫材料通过用于缝合线102的孔泄漏。
图1是根据本发明实施例的车辆的内部装饰段10的表皮层100的内部表面的透视图。图1示出了表皮100,其可包括接缝104、和/或缝合线102-a和/或102-b。可以通过实施以下所述的实施例的一个或多个特征来获得装饰段10的期望的美学和触觉特征。接缝104可以结合许多可能的形状中的一种或多种,例如但不限于模制槽、搭接头、法式接缝、甲板接缝和/或双甲板接缝。缝合线102可以结合装潢性缝合的一种或多种类型,包括但不限于法式缝合、垒球缝合和/或双交叉缝合。
图2是根据本发明实施例的车辆的内部装饰10的一部分的剖视图。装饰段10可包括表皮100、密封件200、背衬层300和/或基底400。如图1所述,表皮100可包括接缝104和/或针脚106。通过解释,每个缝合线102被认为包括多个单独的针脚106。
表皮100可由热塑性石蜡(TPO)、聚氨酯(PUR)表皮、热塑性聚氨酯弹性体(TPU)和/或聚氯乙烯(PVC)制成。在可替代实施例中,表皮100可由天然动物皮或者一种或多种前述材料的任何组合构成。此外,用于表皮100的材料并不限于以上所列的材料。用于缝合线102的缝合材料可由常规用于将室内装潢材料缝合在一起的任何材料构成。
密封件200可由开口蜂窝泡沫、闭合蜂窝泡沫(例如但不限于“8型泡沫”)、隔离膜、热熔性或前述中任意一种或多种的组合制成。然而,用于密封件200的材料并不限于以上所列的材料,因为可以采用任何合适的材料。隔离膜可由聚氨酯、聚乙烯、PVC和/或橡胶制成。热熔性材料可以是基于PUR的。
背衬层300可由聚氨酯(PUR)开口蜂窝泡沫制成。在其它的实施例中,背衬层300可由闭合蜂窝泡沫制成。然而,用于背衬层300的材料并不限于以上所列的材料。也可以采用其它的泡沫和/或非泡沫材料。例如,背衬层300可包括石蜡基泡沫。
基底400优选地由工程聚合物构成,例如聚碳酸酯-丙烯睛-丁二烯-苯乙烯(PCABS)。基底400可以包括其它的材料,包括但不限于PP、ABS、玻纤增强PP(GFPP)和/或尼龙。此外,基底400可由具有合适的刚度且与背衬层300化学地相容的任何材料制成。ABS、PCABS和尼龙优选地与背衬层300完全相容而不需要进行材料处理。GFPP和PP通常要在形成泡沫之前进行处理,这样的处理可包括火焰处理、电晕放电和等离子中的一种或多种。
根据上述目的,图2的实施例提供来自模制槽104和可靠缝合线102的美感印象,同时还提供来自高质量泡沫例如聚氨酯开口蜂窝泡沫(或其它合适的泡沫材料)的期望触觉感觉,而不会导致通过表皮100泄漏。此外,根据本发明的一个或多个实施例,使用TPO、PUR、TPU或PVC作为用于表皮100的材料的装饰部分10可以优选地以比采用真实皮革低的成本生产。
在图2的实施例中,密封件200优选地操作成防止背衬层300的原始泡沫材料在形成泡沫的过程期间通过缝合线102的孔泄漏。之后,密封件200优选地永久保持嵌在背衬层300中并且与表皮100相邻。一旦完成装饰段10的组装,背衬层300的材料特性优选地提供用于表皮100的具有期望感觉和坚固水平的衬垫。本文中后面将更详细地讨论用于制造装饰部分10的过程。
图3的实施例与图2的极为相似。在图3的实施例中,可由热塑性材料制成的膜500可以附着到密封件200的底表面上。这样,膜500可以补充由密封件200提供的保护,防止原始泡沫材料通过缝合孔泄漏。任何合适的热塑性材料都可以用于膜500。此外,代替热塑性材料的是,或者除了热塑性材料之外,其它的材料也可以包含在膜500中。可用于膜500的优选的热塑性材料可包括聚氨酯和/或聚酯(PE)。绉布纸(crape paper)还可以与其附接表面上的粘合剂一起使用。这里,术语“隔绝层”可指的是任何能够操作成抑制泡沫材料通过表皮100泄漏的材料层。从而,在本文中,膜500和密封件200都是隔绝层。
图4是根据本发明可替代实施例的具有热塑性膜500的车辆的内部装饰10的一部分的剖视图。在这个实施例中,膜500优选地直接联接至表皮100,而不具有密封件200。
图5是根据本发明可替代实施例的具有热塑性膜500的车辆的内部装饰10的一部分的剖视图。在图5的实施例中,膜500优选地直接联接至表皮100。密封件200优选地沿着膜500的底部表面设置。密封件200可以附着到膜500的底部表面上。或者,密封件200可以沿着膜500的底部表面放置,并且表皮100、膜500和密封件200可以利用缝合线102固定在一起。
图6是根据本发明可替代实施例的在密封件200的每侧上都具有一个热塑性膜500的车辆的内部装饰10的一部分的剖视图。在图6的实施例中,在靠近针脚106的区域中从顶部到底部的部件的顺序为表皮100、第一膜500、密封件200、第二膜500、背衬层300和基底400。在密封件200的任一侧上的膜500的配置优选地能够操作成补充由密封件200提供的保护,防止原始泡沫材料通过用于缝合线102的孔泄漏。
在下文中,列出图2-6所示的实施例中的部件的优选尺寸。然而,应当理解,本发明并不限于以下列出的具体尺寸。更具体地,能够用于本文的各种实施例的部件的尺寸可以比所列的尺寸小或者大。以下所列的尺寸可以应用于图2-6的实施例,除了膜500的数据不能应用于图2的实施例之外。
表皮100的厚度(如图3所示的顶部到底部的尺寸)可以为大约1毫米(mm)。模制槽104的从表皮100的顶部表面的最上侧点到槽104的上表面的最下侧点测量的深度可以为大约0.75mm。
密封件200的从密封件200的接触表皮100的上表面到密封件200的接触背衬层300的下表面的最下侧(如图3所示)点测量的厚度可以为大约5mm。密封件200的从在密封件200与表皮100之间接触的表面的左边缘到右边缘测量的宽度可以为大约14mm。膜500的厚度可以为大约0.08至0.10mm。膜500优选地能够高度延展并且优选地易于符合其在暴露于中等水平的热和压力时所施加到的任何形状。
缝合线102-a和102-b之间的分离距离可以为大约8mm。从而,密封件200(具有大约14mm的优选宽度)优选地比缝合线102之间的距离宽大约6mm。当相对于缝合线102基本上位于中间时,密封件200优选地在左侧延伸超过针脚106-a大约3mm并且在右侧延伸超过针脚106-b大约3mm,由此操作成防止背衬层300暴露于针脚106。
背衬层300在密封件200的左边缘的左侧区域中的厚度以及在密封件200的右边缘的右侧区域中的厚度可以分别为大约8mm。从而,这个距离对应于表皮100的下表面(如图2和3所示)与基底400的上表面之间的距离。背衬层300在密封件200或密封件200与膜500的组合在背衬层300之上所处的区域内的厚度可以为大约3mm。
基底400的厚度可以为大约3mm。如本文之前所述,本文所引用的尺寸仅仅是本发明的一个或多个优选实施例中相应部件的优选尺寸。然而,本发明并不限于采用本文所引用的尺寸。
图7A、7B、7C和7D示出了根据本发明实施例的图3的内部装饰段10的制造阶段的顺序。
表皮100可以经受模内颗粒化(in-mold graining,IMG),以整体产生用于表皮100的期望形状、在表皮100的表面上提供颗粒化、以及/或者沿着表皮100模制槽104。可以采用合适的工具来在槽104内产生印记,以在槽104内提供人工针脚(仿造针脚)。在可替代实施例中,真实的针脚可以设置在槽104内。图7A示出了在IMG过程之后的表皮100。
图7B示出了在将密封件200放置成与表皮100相邻之后的表皮100;以及图7C示出了穿过表皮100和密封件200两者的缝合线102。在一个实施例中,密封件200可以利用合适的粘合剂首先固定到表皮100的底部(未暴露的)表面上。根据背衬层300的特征,当连接密封件200和表皮100时可以使用或省略粘合剂。具体地,当开口灌注泡沫用于背衬层300时,通常在密封件200和表皮100之间不需要粘合剂。在这种情况下,缝合线102优选地独自就足以将密封件200固定至表皮100。当闭合灌注泡沫用于背衬层300时,除了缝合线102之外,粘合剂还优选地用来将密封件200固定至表皮100。
在图5和图6的实施例中,密封件200的上表面在形成装饰10的过程中被放置成与膜500的底部表面相邻。密封件200附接至表皮100的上述讨论同样应用于图5和6的实施例。具体地,粘合剂可以但不是必须地用来将密封件200固定至膜500。在某些情况下,采用还是不采用粘合剂的决定可能取决于背衬层300的特征。具体地,当开口灌注泡沫用于背衬层300时,通常在密封件200和膜500之间不需要粘合剂。在这种情况下,缝合线102独自就足以将密封件200固定至表皮100和膜500。当闭合灌注泡沫用于背衬层300时,除了利用缝合线102将表皮100、膜500和密封件200捆绑在一起之外,粘合剂还优选地用来将密封件200固定至膜500。在图6的实施例中,缝合线可以捆绑表皮100、第一膜500、密封件200和第二膜500。或者,在图6的实施例中,缝合线102仅仅可以延伸通过表皮100、第一膜500和密封件200,而不通过第二膜500(图6的视图的下部)。
在将密封件200放置成与表皮100相邻和/或将密封件200和表皮100附着在一起之后,缝合线102可以通过表皮100和密封件200的组装进行缝制。在另一个实施例中,缝制引导件或其它合适的定位装置可以操作成从密封件200移除背衬材料(其可由纸张制成),由此使密封件200的表面上的附着材料暴露而面对表皮100,同时表皮100和密封件200缝合在一起。
在另一个实施例中,缝合线102可以单独穿入到表皮100中,然后密封件200可以固定到表皮100上。合适地构造的缝制机可以用来单独缝制表皮100、将表皮100和密封件200缝制在一起、或者缝制这些部件的任何其它期望的组合。
参考图3的实施例,一旦密封件200附接到表皮100上并且已经缝制了缝合线102,那么膜500就可以利用合适的粘合剂固定到密封件200的底部表面上。一旦膜500已经附接到密封件200上,那么装饰部分10就呈现为如图4C所示。如根据图3所讨论的,膜500可以由热塑性材料制成。膜500可以利用合适的机器施加到密封件200上,如下所述。
现在请注意根据实施例将膜500固定到表皮100或者密封件200上的方法。以下所述的过程可以用来将膜500固定到表皮100或者密封件200上。热风焊接机可以用来将膜500固定到表皮100或者密封件200上。该机器可以在膜500被进给到表皮100或者密封件200之上时采用热空气流以加热膜500。焊接机可以包括膜进给机构,以在密封件200或表皮100上进给或引导膜500。进给机构可以包括上部轮和下部轮,该上部轮和下部轮一起操作成在膜500被施加到其它部件(例如表皮100或密封件200)上时将膜和其它部件(例如表皮100或密封件200)压制在一起。热和压力的组合优选地能够操作成将膜500加热粘接到密封件200或表皮100上。一种这样的热风焊接机可以得自俄亥俄的Millerweldmaster。然而,本发明并不限于使用任何特定的焊接机或者任何一种用于将膜500固定到密封件200或表皮100上的过程。
在实施例中,基底400与图7C中所示的表皮-密封件组件优选相对于彼此固定地定位。之后,优选地进行泡沫就位操作,以形成背衬层300。更具体地,优选地利用容纳原始流体的合适壳体将原始泡沫材料灌注或喷射到基底400与图7C中所示的组件之间的空间中。然后,泡沫优选地在合适的时间段内固化。可以采用聚氨酯泡沫。然而,本发明并不限于使用聚氨酯。
优选地,对泡沫就位过程的参数的控制能够控制所获得的背衬层300的特性。例如,诸如泡沫厚度、固化时间和/或固化温度的过程变量可以被控制成为装饰部分10提供期望的硬度、硬度计的值和/或期望的触觉感觉。
当完成泡沫就位过程时,装饰部分10优选地呈现为图7D所示。在泡沫就位过程中,密封件200和一个或多个膜500优选地能够操作成防止十足的液体(即非粘性)泡沫材料从缝合线102的孔泄漏。
图8是根据本发明实施例的车辆的内部装饰10的一部分的平面图,其示出了嵌在装饰10中的刻字800。在这个实施例中,嵌入路径可以包括在中心处的标识和/或模制槽804以及在模制槽804的相应侧上的缝合线802-a和802-b(与本文之前讨论的缝合线102-a和102-b类似)。可以采用嵌入的刻字800来提供说明信息,例如图8中所示的术语“Airbag”。然而,代替这种说明信息的是,或者除了这种说明信息之外,可以设置标识或其它装潢性形状。尽管嵌入的刻字800已经添加到装饰部分10上,但是装饰部分10的防止泡沫泄漏的密封优选地以与本文图1-7的实施例所述的相同的方式实施。
图9是根据本发明另一个实施例的车辆的内部装饰10的一部分的平面图,其示出了嵌在装饰中的刻字900。在这个实施例中,代替图8中所示的模制槽804与双缝合线802-a、802-b的组合的是,嵌入的刻字900包括单个缝合线902。和图8的实施例一样,可以采用图9中所示的嵌入刻字的类型来提供说明信息,例如词语“Airbag”和/或诸如标识或其它图像的装潢性信息。和图8的实施例一样,图9的装饰部分10的防止泡沫泄漏的密封优选地以与本文图1-7的实施例所述的相同的方式实施。
尽管本文已经参考特定实施例说明了本发明,但是应当理解,这些实施例仅仅只是说明本发明的原理和应用。因此应当理解,在不脱离由所附权利要求限定的本发明的精神和范围的情况下,可以对所示的实施例进行各种修改,并且可以提出其它的布置。

Claims (8)

1.一种装饰物品,其包括:
表皮,其包括模制槽,所述表皮具有暴露表面和下表面,所述表皮形成材料片材;
热塑性膜,其具有上表面和下表面,所述热塑性膜的上表面固定到所述表皮的下表面,并且覆盖所述表皮的所述下表面的包括所述模制槽的区域;
密封件,其具有设置成与所述热塑性膜的所述下表面相邻的上表面,其中所述密封件由闭合蜂窝泡沫制成;
至少一个缝合材料股线,其同时穿过所述表皮和所述密封件;以及
背衬层,其形成用于所述表皮和所述密封件的背衬,所述背衬层具有下表面和固定到所述表皮和所述密封件上的上表面。
2.根据权利要求1所述的装饰物品,其中,所述表皮包括至少一种选自由以下材料构成的组的材料:
热塑性石蜡(TPO);聚氨酯(PUR);热塑性聚氨酯弹性体(TPU);和聚氯乙烯(PVC)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的装饰物品,其中,所述模制槽包括模制在所述模制槽中的人工针脚。
4.根据权利要求1所述的装饰物品,其中,所述背衬层包括选自由以下材料构成的组的材料:a)开口蜂窝聚氨酯和b)闭合蜂窝聚氨酯。
5.根据权利要求1所述的装饰物品,其还包括:
基底,其附着到所述背衬层的所述下表面上。
6.一种装饰物品,其包括:
表皮,其包括模制槽,所述表皮具有暴露表面和下表面,所述表皮形成材料片材;
至少一个隔绝层,其具有与所述表皮的所述下表面相邻的上表面并且覆盖所述表皮的所述下表面的包括所述模制槽的区域,所述至少一个隔绝层至少包括第一层和第二层,其中所述第一层为固定到所述表皮上的热塑性膜,所述第二层为由联接到所述第一层上的闭合蜂窝泡沫制成的密封件;
至少一个缝合材料股线,其在所述表皮的所述暴露表面和所述至少一个隔绝层之间穿过;以及
背衬层,其形成用于所述表皮和所述至少一个隔绝层的背衬,所述背衬层具有下表面和固定到所述表皮和所述至少一个隔绝层上的上表面。
7.一种装饰物品,其包括:
表皮,其包括模制槽,所述表皮具有暴露表面和下表面,所述表皮形成材料片材;
至少一个隔绝层,其具有与所述表皮的所述下表面相邻的上表面并且覆盖所述表皮的所述下表面的包括所述模制槽的区域,其中,所述至少一个隔绝层包括第一层、第二层和第三层,
其中,所述第一层为固定到所述表皮上的第一热塑性膜,
其中,所述第二层为联接到所述第一层上的泡沫密封件,以及
其中,所述第三层为联接到所述泡沫密封件上的第二热塑性膜;
至少一个缝合材料股线,其在所述表皮的所述暴露表面和所述至少一个隔绝层之间穿过;以及
背衬层,其形成用于所述表皮和所述至少一个隔绝层的背衬,所述背衬层具有下表面和固定到所述表皮和所述至少一个隔绝层上的上表面。
8.一种装饰物品,其包括:
表皮,其包括模制槽,所述表皮具有暴露表面和下表面,所述表皮形成材料片材;
密封件,其具有上表面和下表面,所述密封件的上表面设置成与所述表皮的所述下表面相邻,并且覆盖所述表皮的所述下表面的包括所述模制槽的区域,其中所述密封件由泡沫制成并且固定到所述表皮的所述下表面上;
热塑性膜,其联接到所述密封件的下表面;
至少一个缝合材料股线,其同时穿过所述表皮和所述密封件;以及
背衬层,其形成用于所述表皮和所述密封件的背衬,所述背衬层具有下表面和固定到所述表皮和所述密封件上的上表面。
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