CN101622117B - 装饰板 - Google Patents

装饰板 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101622117B
CN101622117B CN200880006015.1A CN200880006015A CN101622117B CN 101622117 B CN101622117 B CN 101622117B CN 200880006015 A CN200880006015 A CN 200880006015A CN 101622117 B CN101622117 B CN 101622117B
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substrate
laminated product
shell
mould
preformed
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CN101622117A (zh
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T·M·波科兹恩斯基
H·R·施普林格
N·R·史密斯
B·W·福克斯
J·C·欣肯
J·T·斯托特
J·M·希普施尔
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Johnson Controls Technology Co
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/68Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts by incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or layers, e.g. foam blocks
    • B29C70/78Moulding material on one side only of the preformed part
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C43/00Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C43/02Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C43/18Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. compression moulding around inserts or for coating articles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/14Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/14Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles
    • B29C45/1418Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles the inserts being deformed or preformed, e.g. by the injection pressure
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/14Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles
    • B29C45/14467Joining articles or parts of a single article
    • B29C45/14508Joining juxtaposed sheet-like articles, e.g. for making trim panels
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/06Fibrous reinforcements only
    • B29C70/08Fibrous reinforcements only comprising combinations of different forms of fibrous reinforcements incorporated in matrix material, forming one or more layers, and with or without non-reinforced layers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/68Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts by incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or layers, e.g. foam blocks
    • B29C70/84Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts by incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or layers, e.g. foam blocks by moulding material on preformed parts to be joined
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60RVEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R13/00Elements for body-finishing, identifying, or decorating; Arrangements or adaptations for advertising purposes
    • B60R13/02Internal Trim mouldings ; Internal Ledges; Wall liners for passenger compartments; Roof liners
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/14Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles
    • B29C45/14778Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles the article consisting of a material with particular properties, e.g. porous, brittle
    • B29C45/14811Multilayered articles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2715/00Condition, form or state of preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29K2715/003Cellular or porous
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29LINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/30Vehicles, e.g. ships or aircraft, or body parts thereof
    • B29L2031/3005Body finishings
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29LINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/30Vehicles, e.g. ships or aircraft, or body parts thereof
    • B29L2031/3005Body finishings
    • B29L2031/3038Air bag covers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29LINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/30Vehicles, e.g. ships or aircraft, or body parts thereof
    • B29L2031/3005Body finishings
    • B29L2031/3041Trim panels
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60RVEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R13/00Elements for body-finishing, identifying, or decorating; Arrangements or adaptations for advertising purposes
    • B60R13/02Internal Trim mouldings ; Internal Ledges; Wall liners for passenger compartments; Roof liners
    • B60R13/0237Side or rear panels
    • B60R13/0243Doors
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60RVEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R13/00Elements for body-finishing, identifying, or decorating; Arrangements or adaptations for advertising purposes
    • B60R13/02Internal Trim mouldings ; Internal Ledges; Wall liners for passenger compartments; Roof liners
    • B60R2013/0281Internal Trim mouldings ; Internal Ledges; Wall liners for passenger compartments; Roof liners made of a plurality of visible parts
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60RVEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R13/00Elements for body-finishing, identifying, or decorating; Arrangements or adaptations for advertising purposes
    • B60R13/02Internal Trim mouldings ; Internal Ledges; Wall liners for passenger compartments; Roof liners
    • B60R2013/0293Connection or positioning of adjacent panels
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/15Sheet, web, or layer weakened to permit separation through thickness
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24033Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including stitching and discrete fastener[s], coating or bond
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/2419Fold at edge
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24355Continuous and nonuniform or irregular surface on layer or component [e.g., roofing, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24446Wrinkled, creased, crinkled or creped
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24628Nonplanar uniform thickness material

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Vehicle Interior And Exterior Ornaments, Soundproofing, And Insulation (AREA)
  • Casting Or Compression Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

一种用来制造装饰板的设备和方法。该方法包括:提供预成型层压制品,该预成型层压制品包括夹在柔性外壳和背部外壳之间的可压缩材料并且限定台阶。将预成型层压制品定位于模具中。将插入件与预成型层压制品一起置于模具中以产生台阶,以建立接缝位置和在预成型层压制品上限定次要区域。通过将熔化聚合材料引入到模具中以形成衬底而压缩可压缩材料,并使得衬底结合到预成型层压制品上以形成装饰部件,其中,预成型层压制品在其自身上折叠,并沿台阶产生折痕以模拟缝,并通过次要区域中的加衬垫外观而提供轮廓变化;以及从模具中移除装饰部件。

Description

装饰板
相关申请的交叉引用 
本申请是PCT国际申请,其要求2007年1月5日提交的第60/878,933号美国临时专利申请以及2007年6月19日提交的第60/936,261号美国临时专利申请的优先权和权益,在此以引用的方式加入这两篇文献的全文。 
技术领域
本申请涉及成型制品领域,该成型制品具有带缝合部、刺绣和/或其它缝制部分(这些总称为“缝合部”)的软部分。更具体地,本申请进一步涉及用于车辆(例如,机动车,如汽车、卡车等;飞机、船只等)的内装饰板或结构或者其它产品,该产品包括至少一个由背式局部成型(PMB)过程形成的相对局部化的深软区域(例如软垫或衬垫)部分,该深软区域部分可具有缝合部(装饰性或功能性的)并配置成与产品的主体分离。 
背景技术
软垫或衬垫的车内部件可包括缝合部。这种缝合部可以是装饰性的/装潢性的和/或功能性的。软垫或衬垫的车内部件可采用装饰板(例如仪表板、门板等)的形式。这种面板典型地包括由相对刚硬的材料制成的衬底、相对软的芯(例如泡沫层)和外表面或外壳。在本领域中提供这种衬垫和缝合部的不同方法是已知的,尽管这种已知的方法不提供某些有利的特征和/或特征的组合。例如,已知的是,将缝合部添加到车内部件或外壳(或外壳和泡沫层压制品),然后用手或手工包装技术将外壳连接到衬底。同样已知的是,在车内部件形成之后(例如在外壳、泡沫和衬底已经连接之后)应用缝合部。这种软垫或衬垫部件也可与位于仪表盘或门板等的设备(例如安全气囊)协力使用。然而,应用装饰缝合部的已知方法是劳动密集型的或不提供期望的深度可视效果,而这种可视效果可通过凹进的缝合部(例如,在软表面中提供轮廓变化的“绗缝”或衬垫效果)提供。因此,这种 由已知的昂贵制造工艺所提供的凹进的缝合部通常仅仅在高级或豪华车辆中提供。 
本申请进一步涉及公开实施例所示出和所描述的不同特征和特征的组合。 
提供了一种在模具中形成装饰部件的方法。该方法包括提供预成型层压制品(laminate),该预成型层压制品包括夹在柔性外壳和背部外壳之间的可压缩材料,预成型层压制品在预定位置处限定台阶,当在该柔性外壳上观看时,该台阶在该预成型层压制品上将主要区域和次要区域分开;将预成型层压制品定位于模具中。将插入件与预成型层压制品一起置于模具中,从而该插入件被安装在该次要区域中;通过将熔化聚合材料引入到模具中以形成衬底来压缩可压缩材料,并且使得衬底结合到预成型层压制品上以形成装饰部件,而该背部外壳在该衬底上。其中,预成型层压制品在该台阶处在其自身上折叠,并沿台阶产生折痕以便模拟缝,并通过次要区域中的加衬垫外观而提供在该次要区域和该主要区域之间的轮廓变化;以及从模具中移除装饰部件。 
也提供了一种用于车辆的装饰部件,该装饰部件包括预成型层压制品件,该预成型层压制品件包括夹在柔性外壳和背部外壳之间的可压缩材料并且限定台阶,当在该柔性外壳上观看时,该台阶在该预成型层压制品上将主要区域和次要区域分开。安装在该次要区域中和联接到预成型层压制品的插入件,其中该插入件邻接该台阶。联接到预成型层压制品的衬底,而该背部外壳在该衬底上,其中该台阶在其自身上折叠并且沿该台阶产生折痕来模拟缝和在该次要区域和该主要区域之间产生轮廓变化。 
图1是具有安全气囊系统和无缝合线的背式局部成型(PMB)内部面板的车辆的透视图; 
图2是包括人工装饰缝合线的车辆门板的图示; 
图3是现有技术中的门板的图示; 
图4图示了使用PMB制造的无缝门板,其包括硬部分和软部分,且该软部分包括具有模拟缝的插入件; 
图5图示了用于门板的预成型件,其包括热塑性聚烯烃(TPO)和聚氯乙烯顶部外壳、聚烯烃泡沫中心层和热塑性聚烯烃(TPO)背部外壳中的一个; 
图6图示了用于门板的预成型件,其包括由放入阴性成型工具的插入件所形成的台阶; 
图7是面板的预成型件的一部分的横截面视图,该预成型件包括热塑性聚烯烃(TPO)和聚氯乙烯顶部外壳、聚烯烃泡沫中心层和热塑性聚烯烃(TPO)背部外壳中的一个; 
图8是图7所示的预成型件的横截面视图,该预成型件具有安装在次要区域的次要布料(插入件); 
图9是图7所示的预成型件的横截面视图,该预成型件具有安装在次要区域的次要皮革材料(插入件); 
图10是预成型件的横截面视图,该预成型件具有安装在次要区域中的次要材料,并且具有额外的成型在预成型件之后的注射成型材料; 
图11是图2所示的门板的横截面视图,该门板具有模拟装饰缝和邻近次要区域中的皮革插入件的缝合部; 
图12是图8中的预成型件的横截面视图,该预成型件具有通过刻痕注射成型材料、背部外壳、泡沫区域和顶部外壳形成的撕裂缝; 
图13是图12中的预成型件在设备(例如提供在预成型件后面的安全气囊)展开后的横截面视图。 
具体实施方式
参考图1,其示出了包括安全气囊系统和门板的车辆10。该安全气囊系统包括可配置成在冲击中充气和展开以保护车辆乘员的安全气囊。安全气囊可为车辆的驾驶员和/或乘客提供,且可布置在各种车内部件例如座位、面板或其它结构中。当起动时,安全气囊一般地可配置成从内部面板或结构通过展开门或部分从内部面板或结构展开,该展开门或部分与内部面板或结构的主体分开。尽管车辆10作为四门轿车示出,应该明白的是, 本申请所描述的内部面板可在各种各样的车辆(例如,机动车,如汽车、卡车、公共汽车等;飞机、船只等)中使用。 
安全气囊典型地安装在方向盘或仪表板或另一个内部面板或结构(例如门板)内的壳体中。安全气囊典型地位于一对门或一部分面板的后面,该部分面板被配置成在安全气囊展开时从面板的主体分开。展开门或部分被配置成安全地允许安全气囊通过内部面板或结构展开。展开门或部分可设计成与车辆的装饰主题相匹配。 
展开门或部分通过铰链联接到内部面板或结构的主体,且典型地配置成沿撕撕裂缝分开。撕裂缝相对内部面板的周围部分具有减小的拉伸强度,并在内部面板中提供弱化的地方,以允许展开的安全气囊冲破。当安全气囊展开时,撕裂缝裂开且允许安全气囊完全充气。撕裂缝可在面板的前面或“A”侧上或在面板的后面或“B”侧上形成。撕裂缝优选地在“B”侧上提供,从而其被“A”侧上相应的缝隐藏。 
图2图示了用于车辆(例如,机动车,如汽车、卡车、公共汽车等;飞机、船只等)的装饰板、部件或组件(例如门板或其它结构)的一个示例性实施例。这种部件可根据不同示例性实施例提供各种各样的大小、形状和配置。例如,这种部件可在车辆的内部客厢中使用,并可发现以门板、仪表盘、仪表板、控制台、侧壁装饰,头顶线或其它车辆部件或其部分的形式使用。该示例性部件是装饰板100,示出了门板,但其它内部部件可包括以下描述的特征。这些部件可包括例如仪表板。门板100包括一个或多个软的或加衬垫的局部化或离散部分112(例如,区域,部位等),其具有缝合部113(例如,缝、刺绣和/或其它缝制部分,这些总称为“缝合部”113)。门板在部分112中设有衬垫,在该处乘客身体的一部分可以或可能接触门(例如,在扶手上、邻近窗槛,等)。门板100也可以在通常不接触乘客的区域包括硬塑料的一个或多个部分118(例如,区域、部位、岛状物等)。缝合部113可提供各种装饰、装潢和/或功能目的任何组合。 
以本文所描述方式提供局部软垫部分112或加衬垫的方法可用来提供具有多种配置和用途的部件。部分118可包括仪表前盖、显著部位(accents)、补饰、推杯、复杂的几何结构(例如,球状扶手,x、y、z边界等)、用于增加审美学的衬垫涨出(例如凸起)或凹进部位或类似物。 
参考图2和4,门板100包括处于相对刚硬的衬底、底部或层(本文指的是“衬底”120)的形式的构件或元件。衬垫部分112邻近或接近至少一部分衬底120,且包括联接到衬底120的表面材料(coverstock)110(本文也指的是预成型件134)。根据示例性实施例,预成型件134包括外壳122、设置在中间的或在外壳122和背部外壳125之间的填料或可压缩材料124。根据示例性实施例,部分的外壳122可直接与衬底120接触(也就是说,在外壳122和衬底120之间没有可压缩材料124),而外壳122的其它部分可由可压缩材料124和背部外壳125与衬底120分开。以该方式,在一个或多个局部化区域可提供柔软或衬垫的选择地变化量或程度,同时保持外壳的外观和手感,甚至是在那些不具有可压缩材料124的额外缓冲部位。特定的设计选择可依赖于多种因素,包括面板外表面的期望外观和手感、材料成本、容易制造等中的任何一种。 
根据示例性实施例,作为预成型件134的部件的衬垫部分112布置在至少一部分衬底120上或上方。外壳122形成部件的至少一部分外部表面(例如,自客厢可视的部分,其典型地指的是“A”表面或侧面)。根据示例性实施例,没有被表面材料110覆盖的衬底120的部分126也可形成外部表面(“A”表面)的一部分。 
预成型件134典型地通过成型过程制备为三层预成型件。顶部外壳122可由聚氯乙烯(PVC)或热塑性聚烯烃组成。中心层124典型地是可压缩的聚烯烃泡沫。背部外壳125典型地是热塑性聚烯烃。该三层引入到模具内且热成型到期望配置。 
如在附图所示,预成型件134是车辆门板100的一部分。在预成型件134的成型过程期间,插入件(未示出)放置在模具的阴性成型工具中以在预选位置处产生锐利折痕构造136。备选地,台阶可通过配置阴性成型工具来产生。预成型件的横截面视图在图7、8、9、10、11和12中示出,预成型件134可包括折痕136以及三层结构。如图7所示,预成型件134上的主要区域140和次要区域138由折痕136限制。如图8和9所示,在预成型件134的成型过程期间,次要材料128(也指的是插入件)可安装在次要区域138中。在图8中,次要材料是布,且在图9中,次要材料是皮革。次要区域138也可包括涂层,例如涂料。 
通过将插入件安装在阴性成型工具中,例如3mm深的锐利台阶可在预成型件134中产生。该构造产生在如外壳122上所见的预成型件中。在成型过程期间,当外壳后面的材料注入模具内时,失配的台阶折叠在它自身上且沿台阶产生折痕136。成型部件中的折痕给出折叠在另一个外壳上的一个外壳的外观。顶部外壳122中的不同纹理特征在主要区域和次要区域中能给出不同材料的外观,而事实上它是相同的材料。也可预期的是,能对次要区域着色或涂覆以便给出不同材料的外观。如图10所示,在成型过程期间,施加在预成型件134上的压力关闭折痕136并制成非常紧的缝。 
如图11所示,在形成过程期间,可通过增加缝合结构113将次要结构增加到预成型件134。在预成型件134形成之后,衬底118可被成型以完成面板100。这种结构的横截面视图在图10和11中示出。 
多种配置中的任何一种可用于外壳和衬底的边缘界面。根据示例性实施例,凸缘通过在真空模具中形成而在外壳122上形成(例如,为外壳边缘提供“向后折叠”配置以形成突出部)。然后,衬底120在外壳122(和可压缩材料124)的凸缘周围成型。根据优选实施例,将预成型件134和衬底120联接在一起,以提供相对气密和/或水密的密封。 
衬底120为预成型件134提供底部或支撑层,该预成型件134包括外壳122、可压缩材料124和背部外壳125。衬底120可由任何合适的材料制成,包括多种聚合体(聚丙烯、聚乙烯、共聚物、压缩纤维、TPO、填充塑料、聚碳酸酯ABS混合物、ABS或多种其它材料中的任何一个)中的任何一个。衬底120可以以多种形状、大小和配置中的任何一种中形成(参见,例如图2,根据示例性实施例示出了具有局部化缓冲区域的门板100),且可包括多种其它结构(例如,用于门锁和把手的孔径,模件造型内设计等)。衬底120可通过多种方法(包括注射成型、热成型等)中的任何一种形成。形成“A”表面一部分的衬底120的一部分可具有多种质地、颜色、标记、特征等中的任何一种。衬底120可以是独立的部件或可以是在较大组件中的部件(例如,衬底可以是整个门板或可以是其一部分,等)。 
根据示例性实施例,外壳122由包括聚合物材料的相对软的或柔软材料(例如,热塑性烯烃(TPO)、聚氨酯、聚氯乙烯(PVC)等)制成。根据其它示例性实施例,外壳122可由其它材料制成,包括例如是布的纺织品、 皮革、合成材料、例如是次要材料128的层压材料,也指的是插入件(例如,应用到聚合材料层上的皮革层)等。预成型件134(例如,PVC或TPO顶部外壳122、可压缩材料124和TPO背部外壳125)可具有大小、形状和适于或配置成包含在衬底120中的特征的配置。外壳122可使用多种过程中的任何一种制造或生产。根据实施例,外壳122(例如,TPO片)是热成型的(例如,真空成型、压力成型等),然后剪切成期望的形状或配置。在真空成型过程中,在模具中提供预切或成形的聚合物材料片,且加热以软化材料。向模具应用真空,其朝着模具的壁拖拉软化的聚合物材料。然后聚合物材料冷却并且保持模具壁所限定的形状。成形片也可剪切成所期望的大小。根据备选实施例,外壳由沥铸成型过程形成,其中,液体或粉末形式的热塑性材料被引入到温度控制的模具内,以形成邻近模具壁的粘外壳;一旦外壳形成,剩余材料从模具中移除,且外壳允许固化和冷却,在这之后外壳从模具中移除。根据其它的备选实施例,根据不同的其它方法制造预成型件134。例如,预成型件134可在注射成型过程、挤压过程、铸造过程(例如,重力浇注)或任何其它用于形成聚合物外壳的合适过程中形成。 
根据示例性实施例,可压缩材料124联接(例如,结合、熔合、粘附、紧固、连接等)到外壳122,并位于外壳122和背部外壳125之间以起“填充料”或软层的作用。希望这种材料起相对软的或缓冲材料的作用,以便为衬垫构件提供至少一部分其相对软的或衬垫特征。根据优选实施例,可压缩材料是例如泡沫材料的聚合物材料(例如,聚氨酯泡沫、闭孔泡沫、开放发泡体等)。背部外壳125可以是与可压缩材料124和衬底材料120相容的任何合适的材料。根据备选实施例,缝合部113被应用到不具有可压缩材料124的外壳(也就是,提供不同等级的柔软度)。像这样的,可将缝合部113提供给具有可压缩材料的外壳122、不具有可压缩材料124的外壳122;并且外壳层的厚度、可压缩材料层和背部外壳可根据期望的柔软度得以变化。 
缝合部113应用到外壳122或(优选地)应用到外壳122的层压制品、可压缩材料124和邻近折痕构造136的背部外壳125。可通过多种传统技术(手工缝制、机器缝制等)中的任何一种来应用缝合部113。缝合部113 可由多种材料,例如织物、纺织品(例如棉)、聚合物(例如尼龙等)中的任何一种,或在热应用时可以或不可以熔化或液化的其它材料制成。在衬底120成型之前,将缝合部113应用到包括插入件128的预成型件134是旨在使缝合部113凹入到外壳122和/或可压缩材料124中。在衬底120的成型期间,通过形成衬底120的熔化树脂的注射来压缩可压缩材料124(见图9和10)。缝合部113的压缩少于(且优选地实质上少于)可压缩材料124和/或外壳122,从而迫使外壳122和可压缩材料124在缝合部113的周围。在成型过程期间,衬底120结合(例如机械地和/或化学地(例如用热方法地或熔合))到预成型件134。当成型制品从模具工具或夹具上移除时,可压缩材料124膨胀(且在缝合部113周围),以提供缝合部113被凹进的视觉效应(例如,使得装饰板的所述部分具有加衬垫的外观,以提供“绗缝”效果或轮廓变化)。 
在示例性实施例中,设备150(例如安全气囊系统)安装在装饰板100后面的容积空间内,例如在仪表板或门板中。装饰板100可配置成裂开以允许设备展开。 
如图12所示,撕裂缝142沿主要区域140和次要区域138之间的缝136形成。通过对衬底118、背部外壳125、填充料124和外壳122刻痕或裁剪可形成撕裂缝142。根据示例性实施例,撕裂缝142由激光刻痕过程形成,但可通过任何合适的刻痕过程(例如,机械刻痕等)形成。撕裂缝142是在次要区域138和主要区域140之间的区域,其在设备150(例如安全气囊系统)的展开期间允许次要区域138(例如,展开门或部分)相对于主要部分140移动。次要部分138的展开允许安全气囊充气或展开到车辆内部,如图13所示。缝136提供隐藏撕裂缝142的突出部和由次要区域138相对于主要区域140轻微地移动所引起的外壳122的任何变形。次要区域138可配置成以多种方式展开以允许安全气囊膨胀进入车辆内部。例如撕裂缝142可配置成起铰链的作用或可配置成在充气安全气囊的力量作用下裂开。可为安全气囊在面板100上设置单个展开门,或者可以设置两个或多个展开门,其配合以允许安全气囊膨胀到车辆内部。 
为了本公开的目的,述语“联接”意思是两个部件(电动的或机械的)直接或间接地彼此连接。这种连接可以实质上是固定的或可移动的。这种 连接可用两个部件(电动的或机械的)与任何额外的中间部件彼此整体地形成为单个单元体而获得,或由两个部件或两个部件与任何额外的中间部件彼此连接而获得。这种连接可以实质上是永久的,或可选择地实质上是可移除的或可释放的。 
也需重点注意的是,优选的和其它示例性实施例中所示的车辆装饰板的元件的结构和布置仅仅是说明性的。尽管仅仅少数的实施例在本公开中得到详细地描述,审阅过本公开的本领域技术人员容易理解到,在本质上不背离新颖性教导和权利要求中所引述主题的优势下,许多修改是可能的(例如,大小变化、尺寸、结构、不同元件的外形和比例、参数值、安装布置、材料、颜色、方向等)。例如,可压缩材料可联接到外壳并将外壳和可压缩材料定位于模具中;并在外壳和提供第一软部位的可压缩材料周围形成刚硬衬底,其中,压缩材料布置在外壳和衬底之间,使得第一软部位由压缩材料限定。缝合部可在邻近第一注射件(shot)或第二注射件或第三注射件或类似物的外壳部分提供。衬底可包括例如是热塑性塑料的成型聚合物材料。外壳可包括热塑性烯烃并可通过真空成型和剪切片来形成。可压缩材料可包括泡沫材料,例如闭孔泡沫。外壳可包括凸缘,使得衬底可成型成至少部分地封装凸缘。第二软部位可由与衬底直接接触的外壳的一部分来限定(例如,可压缩材料不布置在外壳和衬底之间)。成型技术也可用于除车辆内部部件之外的其它应用中。因此,所有这样的修改旨在被包含在本申请的范围内。根据备选实施例,任何过程或方法步骤的顺序或次序可以变化或重新排序。其它代替、修改、变化和/或省略可以在优选和其它示例性实施例的设计、运行条件或布置中作出。 

Claims (6)

1.一种在模具中形成装饰部件的方法,包括:
提供预成型层压制品,该预成型层压制品包括夹在柔性外壳和背部外壳之间的可压缩材料并且限定台阶,当在该柔性外壳上观看时,该台阶在该预成型层压制品上将主要区域和次要区域分开;
将预成型层压制品定位于模具中;
将插入件与预成型层压制品一起置于模具中,从而该插入件被安装在该次要区域中;
通过将熔化聚合材料引入到模具中以形成衬底而压缩可压缩材料,并使得衬底结合到预成型层压制品上以形成装饰部件,而该背部外壳在该衬底上,其中,预成型层压制品在该台阶处在其自身上折叠,并沿台阶产生折痕以模拟缝,并通过次要区域中的加衬垫外观而提供在该次要区域和该主要区域之间的轮廓变化;以及
从模具中移除装饰部件。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,包括在预定位置将缝合结构增加到预成型层压制品的步骤。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法,包括在次要区域中的柔性外壳上提供粒化结构的步骤。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法,包括刻痕邻近缝位置的装饰部件以提供撕裂缝的步骤。
5.如权利要求4所述的方法,其中所述撕裂缝被配置为铰链和破裂线中的一个。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述插入件选自下列材料组成的组:布、皮革、复合材料、涂层和这些材料的组合。
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CN101622117A (zh) 2010-01-06
KR20090115124A (ko) 2009-11-04
CN103963717A (zh) 2014-08-06
DE602008005417D1 (de) 2011-04-21
CN103963717B (zh) 2016-06-29
US8343607B2 (en) 2013-01-01
US20100279051A1 (en) 2010-11-04
EP2117800A2 (en) 2009-11-18
ATE500948T1 (de) 2011-03-15
KR101424309B1 (ko) 2014-08-01
WO2008086081A3 (en) 2008-09-12
CA2674390A1 (en) 2008-07-17
WO2008086081A2 (en) 2008-07-17
EP2117800B1 (en) 2011-03-09

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