CN101928230B - 改进的拉科酰胺的合成方法 - Google Patents
改进的拉科酰胺的合成方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101928230B CN101928230B CN2010101835217A CN201010183521A CN101928230B CN 101928230 B CN101928230 B CN 101928230B CN 2010101835217 A CN2010101835217 A CN 2010101835217A CN 201010183521 A CN201010183521 A CN 201010183521A CN 101928230 B CN101928230 B CN 101928230B
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- amino
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- VPPJLAIAVCUEMN-GFCCVEGCSA-N lacosamide Chemical compound COC[C@@H](NC(C)=O)C(=O)NCC1=CC=CC=C1 VPPJLAIAVCUEMN-GFCCVEGCSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 229960002623 lacosamide Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 title description 6
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 title 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- -1 alkyl chloroformate Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 29
- MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butyllithium Chemical compound [Li]CCCC MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000012022 methylating agents Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000002900 organolithium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- FHOAKXBXYSJBGX-RXMQYKEDSA-N (2r)-3-hydroxy-2-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxycarbonylamino]propanoic acid Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)N[C@H](CO)C(O)=O FHOAKXBXYSJBGX-RXMQYKEDSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic anhydride Chemical compound CC(=O)OC(C)=O WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims description 8
- LMBFAGIMSUYTBN-MPZNNTNKSA-N teixobactin Chemical compound C([C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@H]1C(N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](C[C@@H]2NC(=N)NC2)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)O[C@H]1C)[C@@H](C)CC)=O)NC)C1=CC=CC=C1 LMBFAGIMSUYTBN-MPZNNTNKSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- SJRJJKPEHAURKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylmorpholine Chemical compound CN1CCOCC1 SJRJJKPEHAURKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- WGQKYBSKWIADBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzylamine Chemical compound NCC1=CC=CC=C1 WGQKYBSKWIADBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- MTCFGRXMJLQNBG-UWTATZPHSA-N D-Serine Chemical compound OC[C@@H](N)C(O)=O MTCFGRXMJLQNBG-UWTATZPHSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229930195711 D-Serine Natural products 0.000 claims description 6
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- JZMJDSHXVKJFKW-UHFFFAOYSA-M methyl sulfate(1-) Chemical compound COS([O-])(=O)=O JZMJDSHXVKJFKW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005580 one pot reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- JGFZNNIVVJXRND-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) Chemical compound CCN(C(C)C)C(C)C JGFZNNIVVJXRND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium on carbon Substances [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- MFPWEWYKQYMWRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl carboxy carbonate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)OC(O)=O MFPWEWYKQYMWRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006276 transfer reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001718 carbodiimides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000546 pharmaceutical excipient Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005931 tert-butyloxycarbonyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(OC(*)=O)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004674 methylcarbonyl group Chemical group CC(=O)* 0.000 claims 3
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007069 methylation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 18
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 16
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 150000002902 organometallic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 230000006340 racemization Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 6
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000031709 bromination Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005893 bromination reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 6
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000003408 phase transfer catalysis Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000003444 phase transfer catalyst Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000004702 methyl esters Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Substances N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-O triphenylphosphanium Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1[PH+](C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 5
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000008550 L-serines Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 4
- INQOMBQAUSQDDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodomethane Chemical compound IC INQOMBQAUSQDDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- OCBHHZMJRVXXQK-UHFFFAOYSA-M benzyl-dimethyl-tetradecylazanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 OCBHHZMJRVXXQK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005660 chlorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 3
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- CYTQBVOFDCPGCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl phosphite Chemical compound COP(OC)OC CYTQBVOFDCPGCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000004191 (C1-C6) alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000004169 (C1-C6) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- YOETUEMZNOLGDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpropyl carbonochloridate Chemical compound CC(C)COC(Cl)=O YOETUEMZNOLGDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Natural products CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical class S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKIZCWYLBDKLSU-UHFFFAOYSA-M N,N,N-Trimethylmethanaminium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C[N+](C)(C)C OKIZCWYLBDKLSU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- FIWILGQIZHDAQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N NC1=C(C(=O)NCC2=CC=C(C=C2)OCC(F)(F)F)C=C(C(=N1)N)N1N=C(N=C1)C1(CC1)C(F)(F)F Chemical compound NC1=C(C(=O)NCC2=CC=C(C=C2)OCC(F)(F)F)C=C(C(=N1)N)N1N=C(N=C1)C1(CC1)C(F)(F)F FIWILGQIZHDAQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010533 azeotropic distillation Methods 0.000 description 2
- HTZCNXWZYVXIMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M benzyl(triethyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC1=CC=CC=C1 HTZCNXWZYVXIMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- RLGQACBPNDBWTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cetyltrimethylammonium ion Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C RLGQACBPNDBWTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VAYGXNSJCAHWJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl sulfate Chemical compound COS(=O)(=O)OC VAYGXNSJCAHWJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000026030 halogenation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005658 halogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 2
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- ICIWUVCWSCSTAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M iodate Chemical compound [O-]I(=O)=O ICIWUVCWSCSTAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001035 methylating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000007096 poisonous effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- JRMUNVKIHCOMHV-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylammonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC JRMUNVKIHCOMHV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiocyanic acid Chemical compound SC#N ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007738 vacuum evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- RNLJMWQXJBUUMG-SQKCAUCHSA-N (3S)-2-benzyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-2-ium-3-carboxylic acid chloride hydrate Chemical compound O.[Cl-].OC(=O)[C@@H]1Cc2ccccc2C[NH+]1Cc1ccccc1 RNLJMWQXJBUUMG-SQKCAUCHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 0 *C[C@@](*)C(NCc1ccccc1)=O Chemical compound *C[C@@](*)C(NCc1ccccc1)=O 0.000 description 1
- YJTKZCDBKVTVBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Diphenylbenzene Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 YJTKZCDBKVTVBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAQSNXHKHKONNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethyl-2-hydroxy-4-methyl-6-oxopyridine-3-carboxamide Chemical compound CCN1C(O)=C(C(N)=O)C(C)=CC1=O QAQSNXHKHKONNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VHPYGFNKOLLRQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(diethylamino)ethyl-triphenylphosphanium Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1[P+](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(CCN(CC)CC)C1=CC=CC=C1 VHPYGFNKOLLRQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ICPWFHKNYYRBSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxypropanoic acid Chemical compound COC(C)C(O)=O ICPWFHKNYYRBSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HBAQYPYDRFILMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 8-[3-(1-cyclopropylpyrazol-4-yl)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-3-methyl-3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one Chemical class C1(CC1)N1N=CC(=C1)C1=NNC2=C1N=C(N=C2)N1C2C(N(CC1CC2)C)=O HBAQYPYDRFILMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical group CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WCZARGGWJGUCOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C)N(CC)CC[N+](CCCCCCCC)(CCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCC Chemical compound C(C)N(CC)CC[N+](CCCCCCCC)(CCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCC WCZARGGWJGUCOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000882 C2-C6 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003601 C2-C6 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- AUCVMXYVKNCUAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCCC[P+](C)(CCCC)CCCC.N Chemical compound CCCC[P+](C)(CCCC)CCCC.N AUCVMXYVKNCUAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YEPWUNPDTPPECS-LLVKDONJSA-N COC[C@@H](CNCC1=CC=CC=C1)N Chemical compound COC[C@@H](CNCC1=CC=CC=C1)N YEPWUNPDTPPECS-LLVKDONJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000008569 D-serines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 241000272184 Falconiformes Species 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl tert-butyl ether Chemical compound COC(C)(C)C BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WYCNJBXJCACFCM-SECBINFHSA-N N[C@H](CO)C(NCc1ccccc1)=O Chemical compound N[C@H](CO)C(NCc1ccccc1)=O WYCNJBXJCACFCM-SECBINFHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical group [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Thiocyanate anion Chemical compound [S-]C#N ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DPDMMXDBJGCCQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Na].[Cl] Chemical compound [Na].[Cl] DPDMMXDBJGCCQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012675 alcoholic extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001961 anticonvulsive agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 150000003939 benzylamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002619 bicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000002051 biphasic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HQABUPZFAYXKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCN HQABUPZFAYXKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- MPDDDPYHTMZBMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl(triethyl)azanium Chemical compound CCCC[N+](CC)(CC)CC MPDDDPYHTMZBMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- PAFZNILMFXTMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexylamine Chemical class NC1CCCCC1 PAFZNILMFXTMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOC SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 206010015037 epilepsy Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003187 heptyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- MBAKFIZHTUAVJN-UHFFFAOYSA-I hexafluoroantimony(1-);hydron Chemical compound F.F[Sb](F)(F)(F)F MBAKFIZHTUAVJN-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydrogensulfate Chemical compound OS([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- ARRNBPCNZJXHRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydron;tetrabutylazanium;phosphate Chemical compound OP(O)([O-])=O.CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC ARRNBPCNZJXHRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- UBJFKNSINUCEAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;2-methylpropane Chemical compound [Li+].C[C-](C)C UBJFKNSINUCEAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IHLVCKWPAMTVTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;carbanide Chemical compound [Li+].[CH3-] IHLVCKWPAMTVTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CETVQRFGPOGIQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;hexane Chemical compound [Li+].CCCCC[CH2-] CETVQRFGPOGIQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000005527 methyl sulfate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002780 morpholines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- NHKJPPKXDNZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyllithium Chemical compound [Li]C1=CC=CC=C1 NHKJPPKXDNZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000004714 phosphonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 229920005547 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910000108 silver(I,III) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- DZLFLBLQUQXARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrabutylammonium Chemical compound CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC DZLFLBLQUQXARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- LRGJRHZIDJQFCL-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraethylazanium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC LRGJRHZIDJQFCL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ANCWWFAROKLXRF-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraethylazanium;iodate Chemical compound [O-]I(=O)=O.CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC ANCWWFAROKLXRF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- ZRVXFJFFJZFRLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetramethylazanium;iodate Chemical compound [O-]I(=O)=O.C[N+](C)(C)C ZRVXFJFFJZFRLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- LPSKDVINWQNWFE-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrapropylazanium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].CCC[N+](CCC)(CCC)CCC LPSKDVINWQNWFE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- IGVWFPZXBUTUCG-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrapropylazanium;trifluoromethanesulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F.CCC[N+](CCC)(CCC)CCC IGVWFPZXBUTUCG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000001544 thienyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triflic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003752 zinc compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种改进的制备(R)-2-乙酰胺基-N-苄基-3-甲氧基丙酰胺(拉科酰胺)的方法,包括以单步反应使式(I)的化合物O-甲基化制得式(II)的化合物。
Description
本申请是中国发明专利申请200580024175.5的分案申请,母案申请日为2005年9月30日,发明名称为改进的拉科酰胺的合成方法。
(R)-2-乙酰胺基-N-苄基-3-甲氧基丙酰胺(推荐的INN:拉科酰胺(lacosamide))是可用于治疗癫痫症和疼痛的抗惊厥药。US 6,048,899中公开了两种制备该化合物的方法。
US 6,048,899的方法2包括形成苄酰胺然后O-甲基化。然而,该反应方法产生各种杂质,它们必需通过色谱法除去,这在工业规模是不实用的。而且,单个步骤的产率仅为80-85%。
US 6,048,899的方法1包括将N-保护的D-丝氨酸O-甲基化然后形成苄酰胺、N-去保护和N-乙酰化。尽管该制备方法对高标准而言是一种比较有前途的起点,然而它具有较大缺陷。最重要的是,使用氧化银(I)和甲基碘将N-保护的D-丝氨酸O-甲基化不实用,成本昂贵,并且导致部分外消旋化(约15%),使得该步骤的产率降低至79%。而且,极难将(R)-2-乙酰胺基-N-苄基-3-甲氧基丙酰胺制备期间的S-对映体除去。
现已出人意料地发现,使用另一O-甲基化方法,例如使用相转移催化作用进行O-甲基化或使用有机锂和适宜的甲基化剂,例如硫酸二甲酯,进行O-甲基化,可以避免外消旋化。
而且,本发明提供了一种改进的拉科酰胺合成路线,其中O-甲基化方法对N-保护的D-丝氨酸的醇羟基具有选择性。因此,与US 6,048,899的方法1中建议的非特定甲基化相比,它也导致羧基酯化,但是本发明获得更短、更有效的合成,其中避免了接下来水解中间体的甲酯基团的步骤。
因此,本发明涉及一种改进的制备(R)-2-乙酰胺基-N-苄基-3-甲氧基丙酰胺的方法,包括使式I的化合物的O-甲基化
制得式II的化合物
式II
其中Rx是N-保护基团,
特征在于O-甲基化是以单步反应进行的并且其中避免了外消旋化,从而以至少88%,优选至少90%,甚至更优选至少95、96、97、98或99%对映体纯度的R-对映体获得式II的化合物。
本专利申请所用的术语“单步反应”是指当将式I的化合物转变成式II的化合物时没有形成显著量(即5Mol%或更大的量)的需要在单独的步骤中水解的羧基酯。通常,形成甚至小于1Mol%的酯时,在如下所说的对拉科酰胺的进一步加工期间不需要任意额外的水解步骤将其除去。
本发明的O-甲基化可以在有机金属化合物,优选有机锂化合物的存在下通过向式I的化合物,例如N-Boc-D-丝氨酸中,加入甲基化剂实现。合适的甲基化剂例如有硫酸二甲酯、磷酸三甲酯或甲基碘,其中特别优选硫酸二甲酯。有机锂化合物优选是烷基锂化合物,例如丁基锂、甲基锂或己基锂或芳基锂化合物,例如苯基锂。更优选有机锂化合物是叔丁基锂或正丁基锂,特别优选正丁基锂。另外,可以使用含有金属-碳键的其它有机金属化合物,例如包括有机锌卤化物的有机锌化合物、包括有机铝卤化物的有机铝化合物、包括有机锡卤化物的有机锡化合物和/或包括有机镁卤化物的有机镁化合物(Grignard化合物)、其中卤素包括Cl、Br或/和I。有机部分可以是芳基或烷基。优选Grignard化合物烷基-Mg-Y或芳基-Mg-Y,其中Y是Cl、Br或I。可以使用THF/2-甲氧基乙基醚混合物、二乙氧基甲烷,或者优选THF,作为溶剂。通常使该反应在0-10℃下进行至少5小时,并优选在0-10℃下进行7-24小时,最优选在0-5℃下进行9-18小时。而且,该反应可以在较高或者较低温度例如从-10至+25℃的任意温度下进行,反应时间相应地适当调整。
如果式I的化合物的N-保护基团Rx是N-Boc,那么典型反应可以通过下述流程(步骤1-A)举例说明:
N-Boc-D-丝氨酸 (R)-2-((叔丁氧基)羰基氨基)-3-
甲氧基丙酸C936
出人意料地,本方法不导致形成甲基酯或者形成大量外消旋产物。试验产率是91%,其中主要杂质是N-甲基化物(例如实施例1)。因此,使用有机金属化合物的本发明的方法的甲基化的产率可以是至少85%,优选至少90%。
典型地,在使用有机金属或者优选有机锂化合物的甲基化之后,特别是步骤1a之后,酯杂质的量显著低于1Mol%,优选低于0.1Mol%,以及常规低于检测限。
在另一可供选择的路线中,N-保护的D-丝氨酸的醇基的选择性O-甲基化是通过相转移催化(“PTC”)进行的。PTC是一种使用非均相的两相系统的方法--一个相是含水或固体相以及反应阴离子或产生有机阴离子的碱的贮器,而有机反应物位于第二相-有机相中。
通常,季铵、鏻或锍盐,例如卤化四烷基铵,用作相转移催化剂。适宜的催化剂和PTC试剂可以从许多商家购买,例如从Sigma-Aldrich或Hawks Chemical购买。
因此,本发明的一个实施方式涉及一种制备拉科酰胺的方法,特征在于式I的化合物通过相转移催化作用的反应O-甲基化为式II的化合物。
典型地,该方法包括向含式I的化合物、水相、有机相和相转移催化剂的相转移反应体系中添加例如硫酸二甲酯、甲基碘或磷酸三甲酯的甲基化剂。
在本发明的PTC中,优选
(a)甲基化剂选自硫酸二甲酯、甲基碘或磷酸三甲酯,其中特别优选硫酸二甲酯;
(b)第一(含水)相是碱性水溶液,例如氢氧化钠水溶液、氢氧化锂水溶液、氢氧化钾水溶液、碳酸钠水溶液或碳酸钾水溶液,其中特别优选氢氧化钠水溶液;
(c)第二(有机)相选自甲苯、己烷、二氯甲烷或甲基叔丁基醚、其中特别优选甲苯;和
(d)相转移催化剂是式IV的铵或鏻盐、式V的锍盐或式VI的吡啶鎓盐
式V
其中R、R′、R″和R″′可以独立地选自烷基、芳基或芳烷基,Q是氮或磷,以及X是卤离子、乙酸根、对-甲苯磺酸根、三氟甲磺酸根、六氟锑酸根、氢氧根、高氯酸根、硫酸氢根、硫氰酸根或四氟硼酸根。
适宜的相转移催化剂的实例有对-甲苯磺酸四乙基铵、三氟甲磺酸四丙基铵、六氟锑酸四苯基鏻、溴化鲸蜡基吡啶鎓、氯化三苯基甲基三苯基鏻、氯化苄基三乙基铵、氯化苄基三甲基铵、氯化苄基三苯基鏻、氯化苄基三丁基铵、溴化丁基三乙基铵、溴化丁基三苯基鏻、溴化鲸蜡基三甲基铵、氯化鲸蜡基三甲基铵、溴化乙基三苯基鏻、碘化乙基三苯基鏻、溴化甲基三辛基铵、溴化甲基三苯基鏻、碘化甲基三苯基鏻、氯化苯基三甲基铵、氢氧化四丁基铵、高氯酸四丁基铵、溴化四丁基铵、硫酸氢四丁基铵、碘化四丁基铵、四氟硼酸四丁基铵、硫氰酸四丁基铵、氢氧化四乙基铵、碘化四乙基铵、溴化四乙基铵、氯化四甲基铵、碘化四甲基铵、氯化四甲基铵、溴化四辛基铵、溴化四苯基鏻、氢氧化四丙基铵、溴化四丙基铵和氯化三丁基甲基铵,其中特别优选四丁基铵盐,特别是卤化四丁基铵,例如尤其优选溴化物。
在本发明的PTC中,如上所述组分(a)-(d)的合适浓度如下
(a)相对于式I的化合物,甲基化剂的量是1-5摩尔当量
(b)碱性水溶液以5-50%w/w溶液提供,并且相对于式I的化合物其量为1.1-10摩尔当量
(c)相对于式I的化合物,有机溶剂的量优选是3-20体积,特别是3-201/kg式I化合物
(d)相对于式I的化合物,相转移催化剂的量是0.01-0.1摩尔当量。
在本发明中,特别是在式IV至VI中,“芳基”是指芳族基团,被一个或多个取代基取代或者未取代,含有6至18个环碳原子和至多总共25个碳原子并且包括多核芳族烃。这些芳基可以是单环、双环、三环或多环并且可以是稠合环。本文所述的多核芳族化合物,意指包括含有10-18个环碳原子和至多总共25个碳原子的双环稠合芳族环体系。在芳基中,1-6个碳原子可以被杂原子,例如氧、硫和/或氮取代。“芳基”包括未取代的苯基;未取代的萘基;被一个或多个选自例如羟基、羧基、卤素、硝基、C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基、氨基的取代基取代的苯基或萘基;取代或未取代的杂芳基例如吡咯基;噻吩基、吲哚基等。在本发明中,特别是在式IV中,“芳基”优选选自未取代的苯基或取代的苯基,例如2,6-二氟苯基、对-硝基苯基或对-甲苯基。特别优选未取代的苯基。
在本发明中,特别是在式IV至VI中,“烷基”包括支链或直链饱和烃链。优选“烷基”是具有至多20个碳原子,更优选具有至多6个碳原子;最优选具有至多4个碳原子的支链或直链烃。该烃可以被一个或多个取代基取代或者未被取代。“烷基”的优选实例有鲸蜡基、辛基、庚基、戊基、丁基、丙基、乙基和甲基。
在本发明中,特别是在式IV至VI中,“芳烷基”是指基团芳基-烷基,其中“芳基”和“烷基”定义如上。优选“芳烷基”是苄基。
在本发明中,取代是指H原子被例如羟基、羧基、卤素、硝基、C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基、氨基替换。
通常使所述PTC反应在0-10℃下进行至少30分钟,例如0.5-24小时,优选进行至少45分钟,甚至更优选进行至少1小时。
本发明的PTC在例如实施例2(步骤1-B)的具体条件下产率为96%。本发明的PTC的产率因此可以是至少85%,优选至少90%,甚至更优选至少91%、92%、93%、94%、95%或96%。
式I的化合物可以从许多销售商获得,例如可从Sigma-Aldrich或Lancaster获得。N-Boc-D-丝氨酸也可以通过D-丝氨酸与二碳酸二叔丁酯向N-Boc-D-丝氨酸的反应以相转移催化反应用基本上与上述相同的条件(例如碱、溶剂、PCT-催化剂、温度、反应时间等的选择和浓度/量)获得,只是使用二碳酸二叔丁酯作为代替甲基化剂的试剂。
如果式I的化合物的N-保护基团是Boc(叔丁氧基羰基),那么优选PTC反应可以通过下面的流程(步骤1-B)举例说明。
N-Boc-D-丝氨酸 (R)-2-((叔丁氧基)羰基氨基)-3-甲氧基丙酸
该反应不会导致产物的任何外消旋化或者酯化。同样,产率进一步提高,其中杂质量仅为约1%。
典型地经PTC甲基化之后,特别是步骤1-B之后,酯杂质的量都低于1Mol%,优选低于0.1Mol%,经常低于检测限。
本发明的方法还可以包括将式II的化合物加工成式III的化合物的步骤(步骤2)
通过向式II的化合物中加入一定量的苄胺在有下列物质存在下可以进行苄基酰胺形成
(a)碱例如三乙胺、二异丙基乙基胺、1,8-二氮杂双环[5.4.0]十一碳-7-烯、碳酸氢钾或吗啉衍生物,优选4-甲基吗啉,和
(b)羧基活化剂,例如碳化二亚胺或氯甲酸烷基酯,优选氯甲酸异丁酯。
试验上,在例如实施例3(步骤2)的条件下苄基酰胺形成的产率典型地为90%-99%。因此,本发明的苄基酰胺形成的产率可以在至少85%至99.9%的范围内,优选在至少90%至99%产物的范围内。
该步骤2基本上已描述于US 6,048,899中,通过引用将其包括在本文内。
本发明方法的合适的保护基团例如有叔丁氧基羰基(Boc)或苄氧羰基(Cbz),其中特别优选Boc基团。
在式III的化合物中,通过本领域已知的适宜方式可以使保护基团Rx裂解获得(R)-2-氨基-N-苄基-3-甲氧基丙酰胺。例如,如果保护基团Rx是苄氧羰基,可以如US 6,048,899中所述用H2、Pd/C将其裂解。如果保护基团是Boc基团,可以用酸,例如盐酸,例如在室温下将该基团方便地除去(步骤3)。
(R)-2-氨基-N-苄基-3-甲氧基丙酰胺
试验上,在例如实施例3,步骤3的条件下的胺形成典型地以95%-100%的量获得产物。因此,在本发明方法的胺形成步骤可以获得至少85%,优选至少90%,更优选至少95%产物。
然后,可以使用乙酸酐通过N-乙酰化将(R)-2-氨基-N-苄基-3-甲氧基丙酰胺转变成拉科酰胺(步骤4)
(R)-2-氨基-N-苄基-3-甲氧基丙酰胺 (R)-2-乙酰胺基-N-苄基-3-甲氧基丙酰胺
(拉科酰胺)
试验上,在例如实施例3,步骤4的条件下的乙酰化典型的产率是81%-95%。本发明方法的乙酰化步骤的产率因此可以在至少70%至99%的范围内,优选至少80%至95%的范围内。
该步骤也已描述于US 6,048,899。然而,US 6,048,899建议在有碱,例如吡啶的情况下使用乙酸酐。现已出人意料地发现如果从反应混合物中除去有毒吡啶,也可以获得纯(R)-对映体。
本发明的一个实施方式因此是拉科酰胺的制备,包括在没有碱,特别是没有吡啶存在的情况下用乙酸酐将(R)-2-氨基-N-苄基-3-甲氧基丙酰胺N-乙酰化的步骤。无碱反应的益处在于可以排除有毒碱,例如吡啶的存在。
最后,通过在适当溶剂,例如乙酸乙酯中结晶可以提高纯度将拉科酰胺与步骤4的反应混合物分离。
试验上,在实施例1-4的特定条件下以典型地63%-70%(在步骤1-A中使用丁基锂)或66%-75%(在步骤1-B中使用PTC)的产率获得拉科酰胺。因此,通过本发明的方法可以至少50%至90%,优选至少60%至80%的总产率获得拉科酰胺。如果使用有机金属化合物,那么拉科酰胺的总产率可以更优选在至少60%至70%的范围内,最优选在至少63%至70%的范围内。如果使用PTC,那么拉科酰胺的总产率可以更优选在至少60%至75%的范围内,最优选至少66%至75%。
如上所述的拉科酰胺合成方法包括由式I的化合物形成式II的化合物。本发明的目的因此是一种由式(I)的化合物通过如上所述的O-甲基化制备式(II)的化合物的方法,其中基本上没有形成甲基酯或者显著的外消旋化。
D-丝氨酸衍生物或L-丝氨酸衍生物或者D-和L-丝氨酸衍生物的混合物可以任意比例用于本发明的方法中。
由于在本发明的方法中在D-和/或L-丝氨酸衍生物的醇OH-基的O-甲基化期间,实质上没有形成甲基酯并且产物没有明显的外消旋化,因此本发明制备式(II)的化合物和/或拉科酰胺的方法使得产率提高并且产物的对映体纯度提高。
本发明还涉及本方法的重要中间体。
最重要的中间体(R)-2-N-Boc-氨基-3-甲氧基丙酸(C-936)是由本发明的改进的O-甲基化步骤获得的(参见图1)。该化合物可以游离酸或者通过形成盐,例如环己基铵盐,与反应混合物容易地分离。合适的C-936盐也是本发明的一部分。
同样,来自苄基酰胺形成(图1的步骤2)的(R)-N-苄基-2-N-Boc-氨基-3-甲氧基丙酰胺(C-937)也构成本发明的一部分。
本发明另一方面涉及C-936或C-937或其任意盐用作(R)-2-乙酰胺基-N-苄基-3-甲氧基丙酰胺(拉科酰胺)的制备方法的加合物或中间体的用途。本发明再一方面涉及通过以下步骤制备药剂的方法
(a)通过本发明的方法制备拉科酰胺,和
(b)将拉科酰胺与药用可接受的赋形剂混合。
本发明的另一方面是式VIII的化合物的制备方法,包括将式VII的化合物O-甲基化,
式VII
制得式VIII的化合物,
式VIII
其中R4是H、N-保护基团、和/或具有0-30个碳原子的基团,并且
其中R1、R2和R3独立地选自H和具有0-30个碳原子的基团,
特征在于O-甲基化是以单步反应进行的并且其中式VIII的化合物是以化合物VII相同的构型,以至少88%,优选至少90%,更优选至少95%、96%、97%、98%或99%对映体纯度获得的。
优选,R1、R2和R3独立地是氢、-OH、-SH、-NH2、-NO2、-CN、-COOH、-SOH、-SO2H、-SO3H、卤素、-OR10、-SR10、-NR10R11、-SOR10、-SO2R10、-SO3R10、上面定义的取代或未取代的烷基、取代或未取代的C2-C6-链烯基、取代或未取代的C2-C6-炔基、-(CO)-R10、-(CO)-O-R10、-O-(CO)-R10、上面定义的取代或未取代的芳基、具有1-3个独立地选自N、S、O的杂原子的取代或未取代的C3-C13-杂芳基、上面定义的取代或未取代的芳烷基、取代或未取代的C7-C15-烷芳基、具有1-3个独立地选自N、S、O的杂原子的取代或未取代的C4-C14-杂芳烷基;具有1-3个独立地选自N、S、O的杂原子的取代或未取代的C4-C14-烷杂芳基;或具有0-3个独立地选自N、S、O的杂原子的取代或未取代的C3-C12-环烷基。
更优选R1是H、R2是H或/和R3是H。最优选R1是H、R2是H和R3是H。
优选,R4选自R1和N-保护基团。更优选,R4是上面定义的N-保护基团Rx。
甚至更优选R1是H、R2是H、R3是H和R4是上面定义的Rx。
在取代基R4、R1、R2、R3中,基团R10和R11独立地是氢、上面定义的取代或未取代的烷基、取代或未取代的C2-C6-链烯基、取代或未取代的C2-C6-炔基、上面定义的取代或未取代的芳基、具有1-3个独立地选自N、S、O的杂原子的取代或未取代的C3-C13-杂芳基、上面定义的取代或未取代的芳烷基、取代或未取代的C7-C15-烷芳基、具有1-3个独立地选自N、S、O的杂原子的取代或未取代的C4-C14-杂芳烷基;具有1-3个独立地选自N、S、O的杂原子的取代或未取代的C4-C14-烷杂芳基;或具有0-3个独立地选自N、S、O的杂原子的取代或未取代的C3-C12-环烷基。
基团R4、R1、R2、R3、R10和R11中的取代是指被上面定义的一个或多个取代基,例如羟基、羧基、卤素、硝基、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷氧基、氨基等取代。
化合物VIII相对化合物VII的“相同构型”是指基本上没有发生外消旋化,或者化合物VIII是以与具有上面定义的的对映体纯度的化合物VII相同的构型获得的。如果化合物VII是R构型,那么化合物VIII也是R构型。如果化合物VII是S构型,那么化合物VIII也是S构型。
优选化合物VII为R构型。
对映体纯度的参数作必要的修正可以适用于对映体混合物。如果化合物VII是R和S构型的混合物,那么化合物VIII基本上是相同的R和S构型的混合物,即R和S构型的比例基本上保持不变,或者获得如下对映体比例。所得化合物VIII的对映体比例可以是化合物VII的对映体比例的至少88%,优选至少90%,更优选至少95、96、97、98或99%。
“单步反应”具有与上面讨论的相同的含义。
化合物VII至化合物VIII的反应方案是如上所述式I的化合物经本发明的O-甲基化制得式II的化合物的概括。如果化合物VII为R构型,R1是H、R2是H、R3是H和R4是Rx,那么化合物VIII对应于式II的化合物并且可用于拉科酰胺的制备,例如通过上面讨论的反应步骤制备。以化合物II或VII为原料,通过任意适宜的方法引入N-苄酰胺基团和N-乙酰基可以制得拉科酰胺。因此,在一个特别优选的实施方式中,化合物VII为R构型和R4是Rx。最优选R4是Rx、R1是H、R2是H和R3是H并且化合物VII为R构型。
本发明的化合物VII的O-甲基化可以在如上所述的有机金属化合物,特别是有机锂化合物的存在情况下通过向式VII的化合物中加入甲基化剂来实现。合适的甲基化剂如上面定义。在另一可供选择的路线中,醇基的选择性O-甲基化可以通过上面定义的相转移催化作用进行。
式VII的化合物的O-甲基化的具体实施方式对应于包括如上所述的式I的化合物的O-甲基化的拉科酰胺的制备方法的具体实施方式,特别是涉及如下的具体实施方式:相转移催化作用、相转移催化剂、特别是式IV、V和VI中定义的方式、相转移反应体系及其组分、有机金属化合物、相转移催化作用或者在有机金属化合物存在的情况下的反应条件、其它反应步骤和获得拉科酰胺的反应条件,包括N-苄酰胺形成、N-去保护和N-乙酰化,等等。
通过本发明的方法的化合物VII的甲基化的产率,当使用有机金属化合物时可以是至少85%,优选至少90%。当使用PTC时,化合物VII的甲基化的产率可以是至少85%,优选至少90%,甚至更优选至少91%、92%、93%、94%、95%或96%。
由于本发明的方法中D-或/和L-丝氨酸衍生物的O-甲基化期间,基本上没有形成甲基酯并且产物没有显著的外消旋化的事实,因此本发明通过式VII的化合物的甲基化制备式VIII的化合物的方法导致产率提高并且产物的对映体纯度提高。
本发明还用图1(包括可供选择的步骤1a或1b)和以下实施例加以举例说明:
实施例1:使用丁基锂制备(R)-2-N-Boc-氨基-3-甲氧基丙酸(C-936)(步骤1a)
在氮气环境下,将N-Boc-D-丝氨酸(22g,0.107mol)的无水四氢呋喃(352ml)溶液冷却至<-10℃。经干燥的添加漏斗向其中加入15%w/w正丁基锂/己烷(134ml,0.216mol),同时保持温度<10℃。所得浆料在0-5℃下老化1小时。在保持0-5℃的温度的同时加入硫酸二甲酯(12.1ml,0.128mol),并在0-5℃下将反应混合物老化9小时。通过加入水(110ml)使反应结束,用30%氢氧化钠(3ml)碱化至pH 10-13和在真空下将四氢呋喃/己烷蒸发。残余物用甲苯(44ml)洗涤,然后用50%柠檬酸酸化至pH<3.5。酸化的水相用二氯甲烷(2×91ml,1×66ml)萃取并且合并的C936萃取物经共沸蒸馏干燥。蒸发后的产率为23.7g,100%。HPLC纯度90.0%,手性纯度100%。
实施例2:用PTC制备(R)-2-N-Boc-氨基-3-甲氧基丙酸(C-936)(步骤1b)
将N-Boc-D-丝氨酸(22g,0.107mol)和溴化四丁基铵(1.3g,0.004mol)在甲苯(110ml)中的悬液冷却至<10℃。向其中加入20%氢氧化钠(17.6ml,0.107mol),同时保持温度<10℃,并将所得混合物在<10℃下老化30分钟。加入硫酸二甲酯(40.6ml,0.429mol)和50%氢氧化钠(25.4ml,0.485mol),同时保持温度<10℃,将反应混合物在10℃下老化1小时。向该混合物中加入水(66ml)并分相。水层用50%柠檬酸酸化至pH<3.5,用二氯甲烷(2×91ml,1×66ml)萃取并将合并的C936萃取物经共沸蒸馏干燥。(蒸发后的产率27.5g,100%,HPLC纯度96.3%,手性纯度98.1%)。
实施例3:步骤2-4
(R)-N-苄基-2-N-Boc-氨基-3-甲氧基丙酰胺(C-937)溶液(步骤2)
将如上实施例2中制得的C936溶液冷却至<-10℃并在<-5℃下加入氯甲酸异丁酯(14.2ml,0.107mol)。在<-5℃下加入N-甲基吗啉(11.8ml,0.17mol)并在<-5℃下将该混合物老化30分钟。在<-5℃下加入苄胺(12.2ml,0.11mol)的二氯甲烷溶液并使该混合物加热至室温。老化1小时之后用水(44ml)、1N HCl(44ml)、8%碳酸氢钠(44ml)和水(44ml)洗涤该混合物,获得C937的二氯甲烷溶液。
(R)-2-氨基-N-苄基-3-甲氧基丙酰胺溶液(步骤3)
向上面制得的C937溶液中加入36%HCl(46.5ml,0.541mol)并将该混合物老化1小时。加入水(66ml)并分离各相。有机相用水(22ml)萃取并将水相合并。在<35℃下该水相用30%氢氧化钠酸化至pH 10-12并加入氯化钠(8.8g)。水层用二氯甲烷(2×110ml)萃取并用水(44ml)洗涤合并的有机层,获得(R)-2-氨基-N-苄基-3-甲氧基丙酰胺的二氯甲烷溶液。
拉科酰胺(步骤4)
将如上制得的(R)-2-氨基-N-苄基-3-甲氧基丙酰胺溶液冷却至<5℃和并在<15℃下加入乙酸酐(10ml,0.106mol)。在30分钟内将反应混合物加热至室温并且再次老化30分钟。该混合物然后用水(44ml)、8%碳酸氢钠(44ml)和水(44ml)洗涤。通过蒸馏将二氯甲烷交换为乙酸乙酯并将溶液蒸馏至体积115ml。通过将溶液冷却至0-5℃使产物结晶并经过滤分离出纯拉科酰胺(18.7g,69.8%)HPLC纯度99.98%,手性纯度99.8%ee。
实施例4:(R)-2-N-Boc-氨基-3-甲氧基丙酸(C-936)的分离
将实施例1制得的(R)-2-N-Boc-氨基-3-甲氧基丙酸(C-936)溶液真空蒸发,获得(R)-2-N-Boc-氨基-3-甲氧基丙酸(C-936),为蜡状固体(23.7g,100%)。HPLC纯度90.0%。元素分析计算C9H17NO549.31%C;7.82%H;6.39%N。测定49.12%C;7.72%H;8.97%N。
实施例5:(R)-N-苄基-2-N-Boc-氨基-3-甲氧基丙酰胺(C-937)的分离
将上面实施例3制得的(R)-N-苄基-2-N-Boc-氨基-3-甲氧基丙酰胺(C-937)溶液真空蒸发,获得粗C937,为油状固体。60℃下将该粗固体(2g)溶解在10%氯仿/己烷(30ml)中,冷却至室温并在该温度下静置1小时。所得固体经过滤分离,获得粗C937(1.1g)。将该粗固体在10体积的10%氯仿/己烷中再结晶两次,获得(R)-N-苄基-2-N-Boc-氨基-3-甲氧基丙酰胺(C-937),为白色结晶固体(0.28g,14%)。HPLC纯度97.3%。元素分析计算C16H24N2O562.32%C;7.84%H;9.08%N。测定62.19%C;7.79%H;9.04%N。
Claims (18)
2.根据权利要求1的方法,其中与有机锂化合物一起使用的甲基化剂是硫酸二甲酯。
3.根据权利要求1或2的方法,其中有机锂化合物是丁基锂。
4.根据权利要求1或2的方法,其中在有机锂化合物存在的情况下的O-甲基化在0-10℃的温度下进行至少5小时。
5.根据权利要求1的方法,其中式I I的化合物与苄胺的反应在羧基活化剂和碱存在下进行。
6.根据权利要求5的方法,其中所述碱是4-甲基吗啉、三乙胺、二异丙基乙基胺、1.8-二氮杂双环[5.4.0]十一碳-7-烯或碳酸氢钾,并且羧基活化剂是氯甲酸烷基酯或碳化二亚胺。
7.根据权利要求1的方法,其中N-保护基团Rx依次通过如下步骤被甲基羰基替换
(a)通过加入(i)无机酸或(ii)H2/Pd-C从式III的化合物中裂解保护基团Rx,获得(R)-2-氨基-N-苄基-3-甲氧基丙酰胺,然后
(b)通过(R)-2-氨基-N-苄基-3-甲氧基丙酰胺与乙酸酐反应向(R)-2-氨基-N-苄基-3-甲氧基丙酰胺中引入甲基羰基。
8.根据权利要求7的方法,其中在没有吡啶存在的情况下进行步骤(b)。
9.根据权利要求1的方法,其中使N-保护基团Rx裂解获得(R)-2-氨基-N-苄基-3-甲氧基丙酰胺。
10.根据权利要求1的方法,其中通过结晶从最终反应混合物中分离出拉科酰胺。
11.根据权利要求1的方法,其中N-保护基团是叔丁氧基羰基。
12.根据权利要求7的方法,包括在没有碱情况下用乙酸酐将(R)-2-氨基-N-苄基-3-甲氧基丙酰胺N-乙酰化的步骤。
13.权利要求12的方法,其中所述N-乙酰化在没有吡啶存在的情况下进行。
14.根据权利要求1的方法,其中式II的化合物是(R)-2-((叔丁氧基)羰基-氨基)-3-甲氧基丙酸。
15.根据权利要求1的方法,其中所述式III化合物是(R)-N-苄基-2-((叔丁氧基)羰基-氨基)-3-甲氧基丙酰胺。
16.(R)-N-苄基-2-((叔丁氧基)羰基-氨基)-3-甲氧基丙酰胺在根据权利要求1-14任一项的(R)-2-乙酰胺基-N-苄基-3-甲氧基丙酰胺的制备方法中的应用。
17.通过下述步骤制备包含拉科酰胺的药剂的方法:
(a)通过权利要求1的方法制备拉科酰胺,和
(b)将拉科酰胺与药用可接受的赋形剂混合。
18.根据权利要求1的方法,进一步包括在相转移反应中将D-丝氨酸与二碳酸二叔丁酯反应制备N-叔丁氧基羰基-D-丝氨酸。
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EP1873527A1 (en) * | 2006-06-30 | 2008-01-02 | Schwarz Pharma Ag | Method for identifying CRMP modulators |
CN101466390B (zh) * | 2006-06-15 | 2014-03-12 | 优时比制药有限公司 | 用于治疗难治性癫痫持续状态的肽类化合物 |
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