CN101904734B - 整装的可灭菌外科系统 - Google Patents

整装的可灭菌外科系统 Download PDF

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CN101904734B
CN101904734B CN2010102626187A CN201010262618A CN101904734B CN 101904734 B CN101904734 B CN 101904734B CN 2010102626187 A CN2010102626187 A CN 2010102626187A CN 201010262618 A CN201010262618 A CN 201010262618A CN 101904734 B CN101904734 B CN 101904734B
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surgery systems
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迈克尔·P·惠特曼
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种整装的可灭菌外科系统，如内窥镜系统。该诸如内窥镜系统的外科系统包括可灭菌的轴，该轴具有安装在轴的远端上、或者通过光纤连接到轴的远端上的光源和/或图像获取装置。光源是发光二极管或发光二极管的阵列，并具有位于轴的远端上的自身的电源。轴包括工作通道、冲洗/抽吸通道、和电缆。轴的近端连接到控制模块上，该控制模块具有视频处理器和用于显示来自图像获取装置的图像数据的、整体安装的显示屏。控制模块还包括冲洗/抽吸系统、控制单元、和控制器。控制模块连接到电源模块。电源模块包括与轴中的操纵缆连接的操纵电机。此外，电源模块包括驱动电机和电源。

Description

整装的可灭菌外科系统
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2002年9月30号提交的美国临时专利申请No.60/415,313的优先权(根据35U.S.C.§119(e))，其内容特别结合于此供参考。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种外科系统。更特别地，本发明涉及一种整装的可灭菌外科系统，诸如内窥镜系统。
背景技术
具有各种不同的外科系统可以对手术过程和手术位置进行观察。内窥镜就是这样一种手术装置。这种装置在手术过程中可以插入患者体内，以便在患者体内照明、观察和/或控制手术位置。普通的内窥镜通常采用柔软的内窥镜轴，该轴的第一端可插入患者体内。该轴的第一端安装有摄像机，并且其第二端连接有电源，以向该摄像机提供电力。另外，该轴具有贯穿于其中并与患者体外的光源连接的光纤束。该光源由另一个电源供电，来自该光源的光通过轴中的光纤束从第二端传输到第一端以照亮患者体内的手术位置。此外，内窥镜的第二端连接到电视监视器上，该电视监视器也具有另一电源，以显示摄像机接收到的图像。
因而，该种类型的普通外科系统，如内窥镜系统，通常体积大、结构复杂并且难于操作。
发明内容
本发明涉及一种外科系统，例如内窥镜系统。根据一个实施例，内窥镜系统包括轴，该轴具有光源和/或图像获取装置，如摄像机，其中每一个都安装在轴的远端或者通过光纤连接到轴的远端。光源可以是发光二极管或者发光二极管的阵列，并且该光源具有设置在轴的远端上的自身的电源。该轴具有密封的护套，从而是可灭菌的，例如是能经受高温高压的。有利地，光源和/或图像获取装置也密封在轴的远端内，从而是可灭菌的，例如是能经受高温高压的。该轴还包括：工作通道，其用于允许工具穿过轴而通过；冲洗/抽吸通道，其用于允许液体穿过轴而被输送；以及电缆，其用于穿过轴而传递数据或者电能。
轴的近端或者固定地、或者可拆卸地连接到带有视频处理器的控制模块上。优选地，控制模块是可灭菌的，例如是能经受高温高压的。图像获取装置获得的图像数据通过轴内电缆中的数据传输缆传送到视频处理器，并且显示在与控制模块整体安装的显示屏上。控制模块包括冲洗/抽吸系统，该系统用于通过轴的冲洗/抽吸通道来输送流体。控制模块还可以包括：控制单元，该控制单元使得使用者能够控制内窥镜系统的特定功能；以及控制器，该控制器可自动控制内窥镜系统的特定功能。
控制模块与电源模块连接。电源模块包括与轴内的操纵缆连接的操纵电机。此外，电源模块还包括用于驱动如冲洗/抽吸系统、操纵电机等的驱动电机。电源模块还包括电源，该电源用来向电机、控制器、光源、图像获取装置等提供电能。在一个实施例中，控制模块和电源模块包含在一个单独的单元中。
附图说明
图1是根据本发明的一个实施例的内窥镜系统的几个部件的立体图；
图2是图1中所示的内窥镜系统的另外的部件的立体图；
图3是图1中所示的内窥镜系统的控制单元的示意图；
图4是图2中所示的电力传输缆的接头的主视图；
图5是图2中所示的内窥镜系统的电机排布的示意图；
图6是图1和图2中所示的内窥镜系统的示意图；
图7是图1中所示的内窥镜系统的存储装置的示意图；
图8是根据本发明的另一个实施例的内窥镜系统的几个部件的立体图；
图9是根据本发明的再一个实施例的内窥镜系统的几个部件的立体图；以及
图10是根据本发明的又一个实施例的手持式外科系统的几个部件的立体图。
具体实施方式
图1到图7中示出了根据本发明的外科系统(在本实施例中为内窥镜系统10)的一个实施例。图1示出了内窥镜系统10的几个部件，包括轴12和控制模块14，轴12连接到该控制模块上。虽然此处所述的实施例描述了轴12被固定地连接到控制模块14上，但是可以想到，在根据本发明的可选择的实施例中，轴12也可以可拆卸地连接到控制模块14上。此外可以想到，虽然外科系统10结合内窥镜来描述，但是该外科系统也可结合直肠镜、肛镜等使用。
根据一个实施例，轴12包括管状的护套13，该护套包括涂层或者其他密封装置，以在轴12的内部区域和外在环境之间提供流体紧密封。护套13可以由亲和组织的、可灭菌的弹性材料制成，优选地，护套13由能经受高温高压的材料制成。此外，护套13可以由具有高的或者相对高的润滑性的材料制成。例如，护套13可由如下材料制成：TeflonTM(即含氟聚合物，如聚四氟乙烯-“PTFE”)；硅树脂；TeflonTM/硅树脂组合物，例如：SIL-KORETM(由W.L Gore&Associates制造)；“EPTFE(膨体聚四氟乙烯)”，例如：膨体Teflon等。其他可以采用的适合的材料和密封装置在本申请人于2002年3月15日提交的共同未决美国专利申请No.10/099,634中有更详细地描述，其整个内容特别结合于此供参考。
在该实施例中，轴12具有可插入到患者体内的远端12a，以及与控制模块14或者固定或者可拆卸地连接的近端12b。在该实施例中，光源26和图像获取装置28都安装在轴12的远端12a上。在其他的实施例中，光源26和/或图像获取装置28安装在控制模块14中。如果光源26安装在控制模块14中，那么光会通过光纤从光源26传送到轴12的远端12a。如果图像获取装置28安装在控制模块14中，那么图像数据(例如，包括体内反射的光)会通过光纤从轴12的远端12a传送到图像获取装置28。
图像获取装置28包括透镜和设置用来通过透镜获取图像的图像传感器，例如光敏装置，如CCD或者CMOS型图像传感器。在一个实施例中，图像获取装置28还包括用来清洁透镜上的碎屑的清洁装置。有利地，光源26和图像获取装置28被密封在轴12的远端12a内，这样光源26和图像获取装置28也可被灭菌，例如经受高温高压。
根据图1中的实施例，轴12还限定有电缆20，该电缆从轴12的远端12a向轴12的近端12b延伸。根据本发明的一个实施例，电缆20包括电力传输缆22和数据传输缆24。电力传输缆22的远端与安装在轴的远端12a上的光源26和/或图像获取装置28连接。电力传输缆22的近端与电源相连接，例如，与设置在控制模块14上的电源44连接，可选择地，与安装在电源模块50上的电源62连接(以下将结合图2进行更详细地描述)。电力传输缆22设置用来从电源44或者电源62向光源26和/或图像获取装置28提供电能。
可选择地或者另外地，在轴12的远端12a上靠近光源26和图像获取装置28可以安装附加电源，从而可以向光源26和/或者图像获取装置28提供电能。例如，图8示出了本发明的一个实施例，其中，内窥镜系统400具有安装在轴12的远端12a上、并靠近光源26和图像获取装置28的附加电源27a。附加电源27a向光源26和/或图像获取装置28提供电能。因而，根据本实施例，可以不再需要轴12内的电力传输缆22，从而在需要时，可以减小轴12的截面积。由于在手术过程中，轴12可以通过外科医生切开的切口而插入到患者体内，并且由于通常需要最小化该切口的尺寸(例如为了愈合)，因此，为使用于插入患者体内的切口更小，减小轴12的截面积是有利的。
根据本发明的各种其他实施例，可以理解，光源26和图像获取装置28的电源可以沿着轴12安装在任意位置上，或者可以安装在任何其他的位置上。在这些实施例中，光源26和图像获取装置28的电源沿着轴12位于某个位置上，而电力传输缆22在光源26和/或者图像获取装置28与电源之间在轴12内延伸，例如，图9示出了本发明的另一个实施例，其中，内窥镜系统500具有附加电源27b，该电源位于轴12的远端12a和近端12b之间的轴12的部分内。附加电源27b向光源26和图像获取装置28中的一个或者向二者均提供电能。因而，根据这个实施例，可以部分地不再需要轴12内的电力传输缆22，例如，附加电源27b和轴12的近端12b之间的轴的部分内的电力传输缆可以取消。
再返回参见图1，安装于轴12的远端12a上的光源26除了可以包括发光二极管或者发光二极管的阵列之外，还可以是其他任意类型的光源。发光二极管或者发光二极管的阵列可以发出诸如白色的光，由于与普通内窥镜系统的光源的电能需求相比，发光二极管或者发光二极管阵列的电能需求相对较低，因此使得这种电源可以设置在轴12的远端12a上。
如上所述，轴12上的电缆20还包括数据传输缆24。该数据传输缆24的远端被连接到图像获取装置28(该装置安装在轴12的远端12a上)上，数据传输缆24的近端连接到视频处理模块30(该模块设置在控制模块14内)上。在该实施例中，视频处理器30设置用来通过数据传输缆24接收来自图像获取装置28的数据信号。可选择地，轴12不具有数据传输缆24，而是具有无线接收和发送装置，其能够以无线方式传输数据。
根据本发明的一个实施例，轴12还包括工作通道16，该工作通道从轴12的远端12a向轴12的近端12b延伸。工作通道的口16a位于轴12的远端12a上，并通向工作通道16内。工作通道16与设置在控制模块14内的工作通道通路16c连通，从而使得使用者可以通过控制模块14内的工作通道通路16c可接近工作通道16。工作通道16可以设置成允许通过小的内窥镜工具等，诸如切割刀片，因而使得使用者能够通过轴12操纵位于轴12的远端12a附近的组织，而不需要从患者体内取出轴12的远端12a。
根据本发明的一个实施例，轴12还包括冲洗/抽吸通道32，该通道从轴12的远端12a延伸到轴12的近端12b。冲洗/抽吸通道的口32a位于轴12的远端12a，并通向冲洗/抽吸通道32内。冲洗/抽吸通道32与设置在控制模块14和/或电源模块50上(下文结合图2进行说明)的冲洗/抽吸系统19连接或者连通。冲洗/抽吸通道32设置用来穿过冲洗/抽吸通道32，以在第一方向，例如，朝向轴12的远端12a的方向上输送液体，以冲洗手术部位，和/或，穿过冲洗/抽吸通道32，以在相反方向，例如，离开轴12的远端12a的方向上输送流体，以抽吸手术部位的流体。
根据本发明的一个实施例，轴12还限定有至少一个操纵(转向)缆，以对至少轴12的一部分进行操纵。在一个实施例中，轴12的整个长度都是可操纵的，而根据其他的实施例，只有轴12的一部分，如邻近轴12的远端12a的部分是可操纵的。在所示的实施例中，轴12包括第一操纵缆34和第二操纵缆36。第一操纵缆34设置用来在第一和第二方向(以180度角互相分开，例如南北向)上操纵轴12，而第二个操纵缆36设置用来在第三和第四方向(以180度角互相分开，并且和第一、第二方向以90度角分开，例如东西向)上操纵轴12。可以理解，这里提到的南、北、东、西是对相对坐标系来说的。有利地，第一操纵缆34和第二操纵缆36中的每一个都从轴12的远端12a，或者从邻近轴12的远端12a的位置延伸到轴12的近端12b。然而，可以理解，虽然此处仅示出和描述了在上述的每个方向上的单独一条操纵缆来操纵轴12，但是在下文所述的本发明的其他实施例中，可以使用一条以上的操纵缆来实现该目的。例如，操纵缆可以如名称为“A Carriage Assembly forControlling a Steering Wire Mechanism Within a Flexible Shaft”的美国专利申请No.09/510,923中所述的那样进行设置和形成，其全部内容特别结合于此供参考。
在轴12的远端12b上，第一操纵缆34和第二操纵缆36与控制模块14和/或者电源模块(动力模块)50上的驱动部件连接。图3中示出和描述的一种该装置(下面将进行更详细的讨论)设置成：第一操纵缆34和第二操纵缆36与操纵电机84、90的驱动轴86、92连接。
如上所述，图1还示出了用来控制内窥镜系统10的操作的控制模块14。有利地，控制模块14是设有控制单元150的手持式装置，该控制单元具有控制机构以使得使用者可控制内窥镜系统10的某些功能。优选地，控制模块或者可拆卸的，或者是当与轴12连接时是可灭菌的，例如，经受高温高压。控制模块14包括控制器122，该控制器与轴12、控制模块14、和电源模块50的各种部件相连接。有利地，控制器122设置用来控制内窥镜系统10的其他功能。下面将对图6进行更详细地说明，该图示意性地示出了与内窥镜系统10的其他部件连接的控制器122的一个实施例。
根据本发明的实施例，控制模块14包括视频处理器30，该视频处理器通过轴12的数据传输缆24或者通过无线装置接收来自图像获取装置28的数据信号。控制模块14还包括与视频处理器30连接的整体显示屏46。在通过数据传输缆24接收到来自于图像获取装置28的信号之后，视频处理器30用来处理信号并在显示屏46上显示图像，该图像对应于图像获取装置28接收的图像。根据一个实施例，显示屏46可以相对于控制模块14移动，例如旋转、滑动等。以这种方式，显示屏46在处于收回位置时不能被使用者看到，而在处于伸出位置时可以被使用者看到。如前所述，控制模块14是以适当的材料和密封件制成，从而当显示屏46处于收回位置时，控制模块可进行灭菌，例如经受高温高压。因而，包括显示屏46的控制模块14可以在其所工作的环境中被保护起来。
除了从图像获取装置中接收的视频数据之外，显示屏46还显示与内窥镜系统10的操作相对应的数据。例如，根据一个实施例，显示屏46通过诸如指示器18a和18b这样的指示器(示于图6中，下面将作更详细地描述)提供指示，该指示对应于系统是否打开或者关闭，或者对应于操纵缆、冲洗/抽吸系统19、或内窥镜系统10的任何其他方面的状态。
控制模块14还可以包括冲洗/抽吸系统19，例如泵，其配置用来在第一方向通过冲洗/抽吸通道32朝向轴12的远端12a泵送液体以对手术部位进行冲洗。另外，控制模块14可以包括第二或者同样的泵(未显示)，其配置用来在相反方向通过冲洗/抽吸管道32泵取流体使之远离轴12的远端12a以抽吸手术部位的流体。冲洗/抽吸系统的操作可以由控制模块14的控制单元150上的冲洗/抽吸控制开关39来控制。泵由控制模块14上的电源44，电源模块50上的电源62或者任何其它的电源来提供动力。
控制模块14与电力传输缆48的一端48a连接。电力传输缆48可固定地或者可拆卸地连接到控制模块14上。下面结合图2对电力传输缆48的其他特征进行说明。
控制模块还可以包括作为控制单元150的部件的操纵控制器1300、开关312、和两位摇杆314。下面结合图3对操纵控制器1300、开关312、和两位摇杆314进行更详细的说明。
图2示出了电源模块50，控制模块14可以牢固地或者可拆卸地连接到该电源模块上。虽然此处描述的实施例包括与控制模块14可拆卸地连接的电源模块50，但是可以理解，在本发明的可选择的实施例中，电源模块50可以与控制模块14固定地连接。在该实施例中，电源模块50可以被使用者佩戴在身上，例如通过带51佩带。
控制模块14通过电力传输缆48与电源模块50连接。如图2所示，通过位于电力传输缆48的一端48b上的接头56，该电力传输缆48可以可拆卸地连接到电源模块50的相应接头58上。根据一个实施例，接头56包括键结构56a，从而使接头56正确定位，以与设置电源模块50上的接头58相匹配和互补。这种键结构56a可以设置在接头56和所述相匹配和互补的接头58(设置在电源模块50上)两者中的一个或两个上。例如，接头56可以包括快速连接型的连接器，该连接器可以使用诸如简单的推压动作而将电力传输缆48的接头56与电源模块50的接头58接合在一起。可以设置密封件，用来在接头56内部和外在环境之间提供流体紧密封。在可选择的实施例中，电力传输缆48通过其第一端48a固定地连接到控制模块14(见图1)上，同时又通过其第二端48b固定地连接到电源模块50上。
有利地，电源模块50还容纳操纵和驱动电机。例如，根据本发明的一个实施例，电源模块50容纳几个操纵电机以对轴12的操纵缆34、36进行操作。图5示出了的操纵电机的这种布置的一个典型实施例，以下将对其进行更详细地描述。此外，根据本发明的一个实施例，电源模块50容纳驱动电机以操作冲洗/抽吸系统19等。
此外，电源模块50可以包括流体容器60和电源62，如电池。根据一个实施例，流体容器60和电源62可从电源模块50取出。以这种方式，流体容器60可以根据需要补充流体，例如水。根据本发明的一个实施例，流体容器60可提供流体以通过冲洗/抽吸系统19泵送到手术部位。可选择地，流体容器60可通过冲洗/抽吸系统19储存从手术部位取出的流体。在该实施例中，流体容器60可从电源模块50中取出以便清空里面的东西。此外，电源62可从电源模块50中取出以便在需要时对其进行充电。如上所述，根据本发明的各个实施例，电源62可以向光源26和图像获取装置28提供电能，然而，在本实施例中，电源62向设置在控制模块14和电源模块50上的控制器122和/或冲洗/抽吸系统19和/或操纵和驱动电机等提供电能。根据另外一个实施例，电源模块包括电源线59，使电源模块50可以插接到电插座(未显示)或其他常规电源中，从而不再需要电源62或者不再需要为电源62提供备用电源。
现参照图6，该图为内窥镜系统10的示意图。控制器122可以设置在控制模块14中，并且配置为用来对内窥镜系统10的各种功能和操作进行控制。设置有存储器单元130，并且该存储器单元包括存储器，例如ROM部件132和/或RAM部件134，用来存储控制器122所用的程序或者算法。ROM部件132通过导线136与控制器122进行电和逻辑连接，而RAM部件134通过导线138与控制器122进行电和逻辑连接。RAM部件134可以包括任意类型的随机存储器，例如，磁存储装置、光存储装置、光-磁存储装置、电存储装置等。同样地，ROM部件132可以包括任意类型的只读存储器，例如，诸如PC卡或PCMCIA型装置这样的可移动存储装置。可以理解，ROM部件132和RAM部件134具体可以是一个单独的单元或者可以是分开的单元，并且ROM部件132和/或RAM部件134可以以PC卡或者PCMCIA型装置的形式设置。
控制器122进一步通过导线154与显示屏46连接，并分别通过导线156、158与指示器18a和18b连接。导线124、126、128分别将控制器122电和逻辑地连接到电机84、90、96上，三个电机的功能将在下面更详细地详述。控制单元150通过导线152与控制器122进行电和逻辑地连接，该控制单元可以包括控制模块14的控制部件，如操纵控制器1300，冲洗/抽吸系统开关39等。图3示出了控制单元150的其他部件，下面对其进行更详细地描述。此外，控制器122通过数据传输缆24与图像获取装置28进行电和逻辑地连接。而且，控制器122通过导线120与一个或多个存储器单元174进行电和逻辑地连接，图7示出了该存储器单元的一个实例，下面将对其进行更详细的详述。
如上所述，电源模块50包括配置用来驱动操纵缆34、36的电机。图5示意性地示出了电源模块50中的电机的一种可行布置。在图5中示意性示出的典型实施例中，三个电动电机84、90、96设置在电源模块50中，每个电机都通过诸如电源62这样的电源进行工作。然而，可以理解，为了实现此目的，可以提供任意适当数量的电机，并且这些电机可通过电池电源、线路电流、直流电源供给、电子控制直流电源，交流电源等进行工作，同样还可以理解，操纵电机84、90可以连接到直流电源上，该电源进而与线路电流相连，并且该电源向电机提供工作电流。
根据本发明的一个实施例，在轴12的近端12b，第一操纵缆34和第二操纵缆36连接到控制模块14的驱动部件(未显示)上，该驱动部件进而连接到位于电源模块50上的操纵电机84、92的驱动轴86、92上。可以理解，根据本发明的各种其他实施例，驱动轴86、92和操纵电机84、90可以改为安装到控制模块14上。
参照图5，当接头56与电源模块50接合时，电机84的输出轴86与电力传输缆48的接头56上的连接器63接合，从而驱动第一操纵缆34。可以理解的是，虽然只示出和描述了一个南-北方向上的、用于操纵轴12的单独的操纵缆34，但是，根据本发明的可选择的实施例，本发明可以通过滑轮装置而使用一对操纵缆来达到此目的。此外，当接头56与电源模块50接合时，电机90的输出轴92与接头56上的连接器66相连，从而驱动第二操纵缆36。再者，可以理解的是，虽然只示出和描述了一个东-西方向上的、用于操纵轴12的单独的操纵缆36，但是，根据本发明的可选择的实施例，本发明可以通过滑轮装置而使用一对操纵缆而达到此目的。电机84、90可以固定到支架100上，该支架可以通过电机96的输出轴98在第一位置和第二位置之间选择性地移动，这样可以选择性地与电机84、90接合和断开，从而可以根据需要使轴12拉紧、操纵或者弯曲。可以理解，也可以使用其他的机械、电或者机电的机构来选择性地与操纵机构接合或者断开。例如，电机可以根据诸如名称为“A Carriage Assembly for Controlling a Steering Wire MechanismWithin a Flexible Shaft”的美国专利申请No.09/510,923中所述的那样设计和形成，其全部内容特别结合于此供参考。
现参照图4，该图为电力传输缆48的接头56的前端视图。接头56包括第一连接器63和第二连接器66，每一个连接器可转动地固定到接头56上。连接器63和66中的每一个都包括各自的凹进部63a、66a。该两个凹进部可以是六角形的形状。然而，可以理解，凹进部63a、66a可以是使连接器63、66非旋转地和刚性地接合到包括在电源模块50内的电机装置的各个驱动轴86、92上的任何形状和结构，下面将进行更充分地描述。可以理解，可以在电机装置的各个驱动轴86、92上设置互补的凸起，从而如下所述驱动轴12的操纵缆34、36。还可以理解，可以在驱动轴86、92上设置凹进部，并在连接器63、66上设置互补的凸起。也可以设置任何其他可用于非旋转地和可松开地连接连接器63、66和电机装置的驱动轴86、92的接头装置。根据一个实施例，连接器63、66与上述部件接合以对操纵缆34，36施加拉力，从而操纵对轴12的远端12a进行操纵。图4还示出了流体连接器73。该流体连接器73将电源模块50上的流体容器60与控制模块14上的冲洗/抽吸系统19进行连接。此外，图4示出了电源连接器75。在以上描述的实施例中，其中电源62对轴12以及控制模块14的部件提供电能，电源连接器75将电源62与这些部件连接起来。
现参照图3，该图为控制模块14的控制单元150的示意图。根据本发明的一个实施例，控制单元150包括操纵控制器1300，其具有多个开关1302、1304、1306、1308，这些开关排列在四位摇杆1310下面。通过摇杆1310对开关1302、1304的操作可以控制第一操纵缆34的通过操纵电机84进行的操作。同样地，通过摇杆1310对开关1306、1308的操作可以控制第二个操纵缆36的通过操纵电机90进行的操作。可以理解，摇杆1310和开关1302、1304、1306、1308布置成使得开关1302、1304的操作可以在南-北方向操纵轴12，而开关1306、1308的操作可以在东-西方向操纵轴12。再者，此处提到的南、北、东、西是对相关坐标系来说的。可选择地，数字操纵杆，模拟操纵杆等都可以设置用来代替摇杆1310和开关1302、1304、1306、1308。电位器或者任何其他种类的启动器也可以用来代替开关1302、1304、1306、1308。
而且，控制单元150可以包括开关312，该开关还根据控制器122采用的操作程序或算法控制内窥镜系统10的某些功能。例如，开关312的操作可以控制电机96的操作，从而可以选择性地接合和断开操纵机构，或者可以控制光源26或图像获取装置28的启动。控制单元150还可以设置有开关39，该开关的操作根据控制器122的操作程序或算法可以控制内窥镜系统10的其他一些功能。例如，开关39的操作可以控制冲洗/抽吸系统19的启动。控制单元150还包括两位摇杆314，该摇杆具有可操作的第一和第二开关316、318。根据控制器122使用的操作程序或算法，这些开关316、318的操作还可以控制内窥镜系统10的其它功能。例如，两位摇杆314的操作可以控制图像获取装置28的缩放和扩大功能。
控制单元150包括分离的控制器322，该控制器通过导线324与开关302、304、306、308电和逻辑地连接，通过导线326与开关316、318电和逻辑地连接，通过导线328与开关312电和逻辑地连接，通过导线330与开关39电和逻辑地连接。指示器18a、18b和显示装置46与控制器322而不是控制器122电和逻辑地连接。
根据本发明的一个实施例，一个或多个轴12、控制模块14和电源模块(动力模块)50可以包括存储单元，如图7中示意性地示出的存储单元174。该存储单元174可以存储如以下文献中所述的信息，如2000年11月28日提交的美国专利申请No.09/723,715；2001年4月17日提交的美国专利申请No.09/836,781；2001年6月22日提交的美国专利申请No.09/887,789；以及2002年3月15日提交的美国专利申请No.10/099,634，其每一个文献的全部内容均特别结合于此供参考。例如，如图7所示，存储单元174包括数据连接器272，该连接器包括触点276，每个触点通过各自的导线(线)278与存储单元174电和逻辑地连接。例如，存储单元174配置用来存储序列号数据180、附件类型标识数据182、和使用数据184。存储单元174还存储其他数据。序列号数据180和标识数据182配置作为只读数据。在典型的实施例中，序列号数据180是唯一可以确定具体部件的数据，而ID数据182是识别该部件类型(例如轴)的数据。使用数据184说明具体部件的使用，例如，轴12的使用次数或者光源26启动的次数。可以理解，轴12可以设计和配置成仅使用一次，或者，在该实施例中(轴12是可灭菌的或耐高压加热的)可多次使用。控制模块14和/或电源模块50也可以设计和配置成使用预定的次数。相应地，使用数据184可以用来判断轴12是否已经使用和/或使用次数是否超过了允许使用的最大值。根据一个实施例，在已经达到允许使用的最大值之后再尝试使用轴12(或者控制模块14和电源模块50)可能会产生“出错”状态。
虽然上文已经参照内窥镜系统对本发明进行了描述，但是可以认识到，在各种不同的手术过程，例如，直肠镜检查、肛镜检查等中，也可以使用其他类型的外科系统。例如，图10示出了外科系统600的各种部件的示意图。外科系统600可以构造成手持式的装置，并且可以采用与内窥镜系统不同的方式。外科系统600可以包括轴612，该轴与控制模块614相连，控制模块614进而与手柄650相连。为清楚起见，该外科系统的在图1到图9中已经示出的其它部件，例如控制模块、显示屏、电源等，没有在图10中示出。然而，根据本发明的各种实施例，可以理解，在外科系统600中可以采用任何一个或者所有这些部件。
根据本发明的各种实施例，本发明具有普通外科系统，例如内窥镜系统不具备的优点。例如，普通的内窥镜在用于患者体内之前通常要根据所谓的高级消毒标准而不是灭菌标准进行清洗和消毒。灭菌可以提供比高级的消毒更高的清洁度，因而可以提供更高的患者安全标准。普通的内窥镜系统在用于患者体内之前通常不能进行灭菌，因为普通内窥镜系统所采用的材料是不可灭菌的，而且因为普通的内窥镜没有足够的密封以经受灭菌过程。与普通的内窥镜系统不同，本发明的内窥镜系统10的各种部件，特别是轴12、光源26、图像获取装置28、控制模块14，以及在某些情况下，电源模块50，可以是灭菌的或耐高温加热的，从而可对患者提供更高程度的安全性。而且，因为本发明中内窥镜系统10的各种部件，例如轴12、光源26、图像获取装置28、控制模块14、和电源模块50可以是灭菌的或耐高压加热的，因此这些部件可以使用一次以上并且可以使用在多个患者身上，并且与使用一次后就必须丢弃的普通内窥镜系统相比可以明显节省费用。
此外，根据某些实施例，根据本发明的外科系统在轴12的远端使用发光二极管或者发光二极管的阵列作为光源26。因而，与普通的外科系统，例如那些采用位于患者体外的光源并且采用光纤束通过轴传输光的内窥镜系统相比，本发明的外科系统可以对光线进行更有效的使用，而那些普通的外科系统在到达手术部位之前就损失了大部分的光线。此外，根据本发明使用的发光二极管或者发光二极管的阵列可以向手术部位提供令人满意的照明而需要很少的电能。因而，根据一个实施例，电源可以设置在轴12的远端12a，或者沿轴12的任何其它位置，也可以设置在控制模块14中，或者电源模块50中。
另外，根据一些实施例，本发明的外科系统采用与手持式的控制模块14整合在一起的显示屏46，从而可以取代笨重和复杂的单独的电视监视器。而且，根据一些实施例，本发明的外科系统采用可与轴12、控制模块14、或电源模块50结合成整体的电源、电机等，从而使得外科系统是整装的，例如，不需要额外的外部电源、驱动机构等。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则的内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包括在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (24)

1.一种外科系统，包括：
轴，其具有近端和远端，其中所述轴包括管状的护套，以在所述轴的内部区域和外在环境之间提供流体紧密封，从而可灭菌以重复使用；
图像获取装置，其形成为用来接收来自所述轴的远端的图像数据；
发光二极管，其形成为用来在所述轴的远端提供光；
控制模块，其连接到所述轴的近端；
电源模块，其连接到所述控制模块上，所述电源模块形成为用来驱动至少一个可驱动的部件，所述可驱动的部件容纳在所述轴、所述控制模块和所述电源模块的至少一个中；及
至少一个电源，其整体地容纳在所述轴、所述控制模块和所述电源模块的至少一个中；
附加电源，其位于所述轴的远端，用以对所述发光二极管提供电能，
其中所述图像获取装置和所述发光二极管安装在所述轴的远端并由所述轴不从环境向所述轴内漏液体地密封，从而可灭菌以重复使用；并且
其中所述轴包括冲洗抽吸通道。
2.如权利要求1所述的外科系统，其中所述轴形成为内窥镜。
3.如权利要求1所述的外科系统，其中所述轴是柔性的。
4.如权利要求1所述的外科系统，其中所述轴是能够承受高温高压的。
5.如权利要求1所述的外科系统，其中所述控制模块是可灭菌的。
6.如权利要求1所述的外科系统，其中所述控制模块是能够承受高温高压的。
7.如权利要求1所述的外科系统，其中所述发光二极管、所述图像获取装置和所述轴作为一个单元是可灭菌的。
8.如权利要求1所述的外科系统，并且所述发光二极管、所述图像获取装置和所述轴作为一个单元是能够承受高温高压的。
9.如权利要求1所述的外科系统，其中所述发光二极管是发光二极管阵列的一部分。
10.如权利要求1所述的外科系统，其中所述控制模块可拆卸地连接到所述轴的近端。
11.如权利要求1所述的外科系统，其中所述控制模块包括视频处理器。
12.如权利要求11所述的外科系统，其中所述轴包括数据传输缆，并且其中由所述图像获取装置接收的图像数据通过所述数据传输缆被传输到所述视频处理器。
13.如权利要求1所述的外科系统，还包括显示屏。
14.如权利要求13所述的外科系统，其中所述显示屏整体地安装到所述控制模块上。
15.如权利要求1所述的外科系统，其中所述控制模块包括冲洗抽吸系统，用于通过所述轴的冲洗抽吸通道传输流体。
16.如权利要求1所述的外科系统，其中所述电源模块包括泵，所述泵与冲洗抽吸系统连接，用于通过所述冲洗抽吸通道进行导入流体和清除流体的至少一个。
17.如权利要求1所述的外科系统，其中所述轴包括用于操纵所述轴的至少一部分的操纵缆，并且其中所述电源模块包括与所述操纵缆连接的操纵电机。
18.如权利要求1所述的外科系统，其中所述轴包括用于允许工具从所述轴中穿过的工作通道。
19.如权利要求1所述的外科系统，其中所述控制模块包括用于使得使用者能够控制所述外科系统的控制单元。
20.如权利要求1所述的外科系统，其中所述控制模块包括用于自动地控制所述外科系统的控制器。
21.如权利要求1所述的外科系统，其中所述轴包括电力传输缆。
22.如权利要求1所述的外科系统，其中所述系统形成为手持式的装置。
23.如权利要求1所述的外科系统，其中所述电源模块包括驱动电机，所述至少一个电源包括整体地容纳在所述电源模块中的电源。
24.如权利要求1所述的外科系统，其中所述外科系统形成为直肠镜和肛镜的其中之一。
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