CN101711441A - 质子交换膜和包括这种膜的电池 - Google Patents

质子交换膜和包括这种膜的电池 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN101711441A
CN101711441A CN200880017764A CN200880017764A CN101711441A CN 101711441 A CN101711441 A CN 101711441A CN 200880017764 A CN200880017764 A CN 200880017764A CN 200880017764 A CN200880017764 A CN 200880017764A CN 101711441 A CN101711441 A CN 101711441A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
boron nitride
battery
layer
aforementioned
fuel cell
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CN200880017764A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
CN101711441B (zh
Inventor
阿拉舍·摩法卡米
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ceram Hyd SA
Original Assignee
Ceram Hyd SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ceram Hyd SA filed Critical Ceram Hyd SA
Publication of CN101711441A publication Critical patent/CN101711441A/zh
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN101711441B publication Critical patent/CN101711441B/zh
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/0005—Reversible uptake of hydrogen by an appropriate medium, i.e. based on physical or chemical sorption phenomena or on reversible chemical reactions, e.g. for hydrogen storage purposes ; Reversible gettering of hydrogen; Reversible uptake of hydrogen by electrodes
    • C01B3/001—Reversible uptake of hydrogen by an appropriate medium, i.e. based on physical or chemical sorption phenomena or on reversible chemical reactions, e.g. for hydrogen storage purposes ; Reversible gettering of hydrogen; Reversible uptake of hydrogen by electrodes characterised by the uptaking medium; Treatment thereof
    • C01B3/0031—Intermetallic compounds; Metal alloys; Treatment thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/0005—Reversible uptake of hydrogen by an appropriate medium, i.e. based on physical or chemical sorption phenomena or on reversible chemical reactions, e.g. for hydrogen storage purposes ; Reversible gettering of hydrogen; Reversible uptake of hydrogen by electrodes
    • C01B3/001—Reversible uptake of hydrogen by an appropriate medium, i.e. based on physical or chemical sorption phenomena or on reversible chemical reactions, e.g. for hydrogen storage purposes ; Reversible gettering of hydrogen; Reversible uptake of hydrogen by electrodes characterised by the uptaking medium; Treatment thereof
    • C01B3/0031—Intermetallic compounds; Metal alloys; Treatment thereof
    • C01B3/0036—Intermetallic compounds; Metal alloys; Treatment thereof only containing iron and titanium; Treatment thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/0005—Reversible uptake of hydrogen by an appropriate medium, i.e. based on physical or chemical sorption phenomena or on reversible chemical reactions, e.g. for hydrogen storage purposes ; Reversible gettering of hydrogen; Reversible uptake of hydrogen by electrodes
    • C01B3/001—Reversible uptake of hydrogen by an appropriate medium, i.e. based on physical or chemical sorption phenomena or on reversible chemical reactions, e.g. for hydrogen storage purposes ; Reversible gettering of hydrogen; Reversible uptake of hydrogen by electrodes characterised by the uptaking medium; Treatment thereof
    • C01B3/0031—Intermetallic compounds; Metal alloys; Treatment thereof
    • C01B3/0042—Intermetallic compounds; Metal alloys; Treatment thereof only containing magnesium and nickel; Treatment thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/0005—Reversible uptake of hydrogen by an appropriate medium, i.e. based on physical or chemical sorption phenomena or on reversible chemical reactions, e.g. for hydrogen storage purposes ; Reversible gettering of hydrogen; Reversible uptake of hydrogen by electrodes
    • C01B3/001—Reversible uptake of hydrogen by an appropriate medium, i.e. based on physical or chemical sorption phenomena or on reversible chemical reactions, e.g. for hydrogen storage purposes ; Reversible gettering of hydrogen; Reversible uptake of hydrogen by electrodes characterised by the uptaking medium; Treatment thereof
    • C01B3/0031—Intermetallic compounds; Metal alloys; Treatment thereof
    • C01B3/0047—Intermetallic compounds; Metal alloys; Treatment thereof containing a rare earth metal; Treatment thereof
    • C01B3/0057—Intermetallic compounds; Metal alloys; Treatment thereof containing a rare earth metal; Treatment thereof also containing nickel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/58—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on borides, nitrides, i.e. nitrides, oxynitrides, carbonitrides or oxycarbonitrides or silicides
    • C04B35/583—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on borides, nitrides, i.e. nitrides, oxynitrides, carbonitrides or oxycarbonitrides or silicides based on boron nitride
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/62218—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products obtaining ceramic films, e.g. by using temporary supports
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
    • H01B1/06—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances
    • H01B1/12—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances organic substances
    • H01B1/122—Ionic conductors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
    • H01M4/383—Hydrogen absorbing alloys
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
    • H01M4/9041—Metals or alloys
    • H01M4/905—Metals or alloys specially used in fuel cell operating at high temperature, e.g. SOFC
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
    • H01M4/9041—Metals or alloys
    • H01M4/905—Metals or alloys specially used in fuel cell operating at high temperature, e.g. SOFC
    • H01M4/9058—Metals or alloys specially used in fuel cell operating at high temperature, e.g. SOFC of noble metals or noble-metal based alloys
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/403—Manufacturing processes of separators, membranes or diaphragms
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
    • H01M50/431—Inorganic material
    • H01M50/434—Ceramics
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
    • H01M50/446—Composite material consisting of a mixture of organic and inorganic materials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/46—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by their combination with electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0204—Non-porous and characterised by the material
    • H01M8/0215—Glass; Ceramic materials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0204—Non-porous and characterised by the material
    • H01M8/0223—Composites
    • H01M8/0226—Composites in the form of mixtures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
    • H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/065—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants by dissolution of metals or alloys; by dehydriding metallic substances
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/1097—Fuel cells applied on a support, e.g. miniature fuel cells deposited on silica supports
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
    • H01M8/1213—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the electrode/electrolyte combination or the supporting material
    • H01M8/1226—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the electrode/electrolyte combination or the supporting material characterised by the supporting layer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
    • H01M8/124—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the process of manufacturing or by the material of the electrolyte
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
    • H01M8/1286—Fuel cells applied on a support, e.g. miniature fuel cells deposited on silica supports
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
    • C04B2235/74—Physical characteristics
    • C04B2235/76—Crystal structural characteristics, e.g. symmetry
    • C04B2235/767—Hexagonal symmetry, e.g. beta-Si3N4, beta-Sialon, alpha-SiC or hexa-ferrites
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
    • C25B1/01—Products
    • C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
    • C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)
  • Inert Electrodes (AREA)
  • Conductive Materials (AREA)
  • Ceramic Products (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
  • Saccharide Compounds (AREA)
  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及燃料电池的电池(1)，包括：阳极(3)、阴极(4)、阴极和阳极之间的包括活性氮化硼的陶瓷层(2)。

Description

质子交换膜和包括这种膜的电池
技术领域
本发明涉及质子交换膜并且更具体且非限定涉及应用于燃料电池的质子交换膜。
背景技术
WO 2006/003328公开了使用氮化硼陶瓷来获得H+和e-之间的碰撞以及储存氢。
专利申请US 2004/0140201披露了使用全氟磺酸树脂作为燃料电池中的质子交换膜是公知的，例如DUPONT DE NEMOURS以商标
Figure G2008800177644D00011
出售的那种。这种树脂具有某些缺点，尤其是有限的温度可操作性以及要求有水存在。该在先申请建议通过使用富勒烯分子来弥补这些缺点。
公开的US 6,864,011、EP 1 400 986、WO 02/41432描述了燃料电池用质子交换膜的其他方案。
专利US 5,270,126描述了包括结合有浸渍了磷酸的氟化树脂的氮化硼粉末的膜。浸渍了磷酸的氟化树脂参与质子交换。
发明内容
本发明尤其致力于提供一种新型的质子交换膜，所述质子交换膜能够在相对高的温度例如室温下运行，而不要求燃料或氧化剂的增湿。
根据本发明的一个方面，燃料电池、电解槽或蓄电池包括：
-阳极，
-阴极，
-阴极和阳极之间的包括活性氮化硼的材料层，例如陶瓷层。
优选地，这是六方晶系氮化硼层。该层可以包括包含在聚合物基体中的粉末状氮化硼。
这种电池具有能够在各种温度下运行的优点，而不具有如上所述的
Figure G2008800177644D00021
树脂的特定缺点。所述材料优选是不透氢的。该不透氢性例如通过使用非多孔材料而获得，所述非多孔材料的孔隙率是利用传统的测量孔隙率的仪器(例如汞多孔性测试仪)检测不到的。还可以使用具有相对高的表面孔隙率的材料，以增加交换表面积，但不具有完全贯通的内部孔隙，以形成一个屏障阻挡氢穿过所述膜。
阴极可以包括与氮化硼层接触的至少一个金属化合物层。
阳极可以包括与氮化硼层接触的至少一个金属化合物层。
所述电极中的一个或两个，即阳极和/或阴极，可以包括下列非限制性名单中的至少一种化合物：铂(例如纳米颗粒状的)、氮化硼(尤其是如下所述的活性氮化硼)、活性炭、粘合剂(例如乙醇)或聚合物(例如PVA或PTFE)，或者这些成分的混合物。
阳极例如可以包括衬以多孔钛板(例如从30％到50％)的RuO2、IrO2或RuO2、IrO2和TiO2或RuO2、IrO2和SnO2的混合物薄层。所述薄层的厚度为5μm到20μm，例如约10μm。
电极中的任一个可以制成粉末状，喷洒在由上述氮化硼层形成的膜上。喷洒之后，该层可以在压机下，在15℃到200℃、例如25℃到150℃的温度下，以5～40kg/m2、例如约20kg/m2的压力下压缩，以提高电极与膜之间的粘合。所述温度取决于所述层的性质，例如取决于它是否包括对最大应用温度敏感的聚合物。
氮化硼层的厚度可以小于或等于2,500μm，最好是小于或等于1,000μm，更好是小于或等于500μm，优选小于或等于250μm，更优选小于或等于150μm，例如为80～120μm。
所述电池可以包括用于支撑所述膜的基材。该基材可以增强电池的机械强度，并使得可以使用相对薄的膜。
所述基材例如可以选自：多孔氧化铝、氧化锆和氮化硼及其混合物。
所述基材例如可以包括精细织物，例如由
Figure G2008800177644D00022
制造、聚乙基醚酮、乙烯-四氟乙烯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯或聚酯。
所述基材的材料可以是对电池中所发生的电化学反应而言呈惰性的。
所述基材对应当到达所述膜的化学物质而言，是可透过的，，该可透过性对于所使用的材料而言是便于实现的。
本发明根据其另一方面的目的是包括如上所定义的电池的燃料电池，以及在阴极侧的燃料供给回路和在阳极侧的氧化剂供给回路。
所述燃料可以是氢气或者其他气体或液体。
所述氧化剂可以是空气或氧。
所述燃料电池可以包括其中用于供给到电池的氢以氢化物的形式储存的物质。该物质例如选自金属间化合物，尤其是选自络合金属或填隙氢化物，例如选自下列名单：AB5型物质(A和B为金属)、例如LaNi5，拉弗斯相(Zr，Ti)(Mn，V，Cr，Ni)2、例如ZrMn2或TiMn2，Mg，TiFe，Mg2Ni，基于钒的中心立方固溶体、BaReH9(该式对应于氢化物态)、Mg2FeH6(该式对应于氢化物态)、NaAlH4(该式对应于氢化物态)、LiBH4(该式对应于氢化物态)和它们的所有化合物、衍生物或它们的合金。
所述材料层可以包括陶瓷，例如包括六方晶系氮化硼(优选在电场下通过酸溶液活化)、氮化锂、
Figure G2008800177644D00031
(Dupont de Nemours)、硼酸、离子传导聚合物(例如PVA)。它可以选自为PEMFC或PCFC燃料电池而开发的离子交换陶瓷。
所述材料层例如可以包括乱层氮化硼，也就是说，其结晶面可以相对于理论结晶位置稍有偏移，例如氮化硼的六方结晶，这导致它们之间的晶面并不是很好地保持，后者间隔更大一些。
所述材料层可以包括相互紧密布置的六方氮化硼颗粒，例如中值粒径大于1nm、乃至大于10nm、乃至大于5μm且小于20μm、乃至大约10μm的颗粒。所述颗粒本身可以由平均粒径为0.1～0.5μm的微晶构成。
氮化硼颗粒可以优选为不完全平行于所述层，而是例如垂直于所述层，以确保较好的机械强度，乃至多样化的，以确保较好的质子传导。
所述材料层可以包括渗滤的氮化硼颗粒，例如通过化合物而牢牢地保持相互附着。该化合物例如选自下列名单：镍、氧化硼、硼酸钙、乙基纤维素、硼酸、聚乙烯醇、乙烯基己内酰胺、PTFE
Figure G2008800177644D00032
磺化聚乙基砜。
所述材料层可以由插入到粘合剂中的氮化硼形成，所述粘合剂例如是硼酸或聚合物膜，它们可以为陶瓷层提供非常好的质子传导性。所述聚合物例如可以是PVA(聚乙烯醇)、乙烯基己内酰胺、PTFE磺化聚醚砜。
氮化硼可以作为颗粒出现，例如平均粒径约为7～11μm。氮化硼在所述材料中的质量比可以是5％～100％，例如一直到70％。所述层可以全部由高压烧结的氮化硼粉末制成。作为替代方案，它可以包括氮化硼和粘合剂，通过HIP(热等静压)法制得。
聚合物，例如PVA，可以用于封闭氮化硼中存在的孔隙。聚合物的添加例如可以真空进行，以便聚合物被吸入到氮化硼的孔隙中。
所述材料层可以尤其包括下列非限制性名单中的一种或多种化合物：无机化合物、例如二氧化硅(例如
Figure G2008800177644D00042
)，热解法无定形二氧化硅，含有巯基的有机二氧化硅，含有膦酸官能团的二氧化硅，含有锚定于表面处的磺酸的二氧化硅，氧化铝，氧化锆，硫酸化氧化锆，氧化钛，磺化氧化钛，三氧化钨，水合三氧化钨，杂多酸、例如聚三乙炔(PTA)、聚甲基丙烯酸(PMA)、STA、SMA、钨磷酸(TMA)、钼磷酸(MBA)、钨磷酸二钠盐(NA-TPA)、磷钼酸(PMA)、陷窝杂多酸(lacunar heteropolyacid)H8SiW11O39、功能化磺酸杂多酸、PWA、硅钨酸、负载在SiO2、ZrO2和TiO2上的PTA、负载MCM-41的杂多酸、介孔硅酸钨物质SI-MCM-41、负载Y-沸石的杂多酸、硅钨酸、磷酸锆、磺苯基磷酸锆(ZRSPP)、氢化磷酸锆Zr(HPO4)2、三羧丁基膦酸锆、磺基亚苯基膦酸锆Zr(HPO4)10(O3PC6H4SO3H)10、膦酸磺基亚苯基酯磷酸锆、磺化磷酸锆、硅钨酸的铯盐，多层硅酸盐纳米颗粒、例如蒙脱石、锂皂石(laponite)、改性蒙脱石(例如磺化蒙脱石、MCM-41、有机蒙脱石(OMMT)、接枝有机磺内酯和全氟磺内酯的蒙脱石)、磷硅酸盐(P2O5-SiO2)、磷酸-锑酸、贵金属(例如铂、钌)、涂覆有
Figure G2008800177644D00043
的硅酸铂、银、沸石、菱沸石和斜发沸石(clinoptylolite)，mordonite、磷酸盐、磷酸钙、羟基磷酸钙、磷酸硼、有机化合物、聚合物、
Figure G2008800177644D00044
全氟磺酸、磺化聚砜、PEO、PTFE、聚苯胺、聚偏二氟乙烯-氯四氟乙烯、PEG、DBSA、4-十二烷基苯磺酸、SEBSS(磺化苯乙烯、磺化苯乙烯-(乙烯-丁烯))、PVA、戊二醛、krytox、二苯基硅酸酯、二苯基二甲氧基硅酸酯、磺化聚醚砜、PVDF、
Figure G2008800177644D00051
NRE-212膜、Cs2，5H0，5PWO40、PVDF-G-PSSA、聚偏氟乙烯、聚丙烯腈、十二钨磷酸、磺化聚醚醚酮(SPEEK)、PVA、PEO、磺化聚亚芳基醚砜、聚乙烯醇、PEEK(s-聚醚醚酮)、磺化酚酞基聚醚砜(sulfonated polyethersulfone cardo)、聚苯醚(PPO)、聚乙二醇、二氧化硅纳米颗粒、双空位钨硅酸盐[γ-SiW10O36]8-、PWA、PBI、PEG、聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)、二磺酸化聚亚芳基醚砜、
Figure G2008800177644D00052
磺化二乙烯基苯(交联DVB)、接枝聚苯乙烯的乙烯-四氟乙烯交替共聚物、聚二氟乙烯、聚苯并咪唑、PVDF、磺化酚酞基聚醚醚酮、聚氟化亚芳基醚、
Figure G2008800177644D00053
115、聚酰亚胺、聚酰胺酰亚胺(PAI)、聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)、苯乙烯-乙烯-丁烯-苯乙烯弹性体(SEVS)、聚磺化二苯基醚砜、聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)、PBI。
所述氮化硼层可以通过下列方法获得。
将氮化硼颗粒与液体形式的聚合物粘合剂混合，将该混合物倒在基材上，然后加热到足够的温度，以引起粘合剂的煅烧，例如加热到大约600或700℃，使得氮化硼颗粒在基材上相互渗透。
在附加的步骤中，将所得结果在中性气氛例如氮气或氩气下加热到800～1,700℃、乃至1,000～1,500℃，引起颗粒的相互烧结。
最后，在附加的步骤中，移除所述基材并获得由烧结颗粒构成的刚性氮化硼膜。
在前述描述中，所述氮化硼可以被预先活化或者在制备陶瓷层工艺过程中或结束时活化。
氮化硼的活化是指可以提高氮化硼中的质子传导性的方法。
氮化硼例如可以在电场作用下，在酸溶液中活化。
氮化硼还可以在施加或不施加电场的情况下，在苏打溶液中活化。
在另一种方法中，氮化硼可以在施加电场的情况下，通过在溶液(例如水)中，在铁(例如铁网)的存在下急冷来活化。
使用粉末状氮化硼可以有助于活化。
氮化硼可以在将其插入到粘合剂例如聚合物中之前，或者还在将其插入到粘合剂中之后(例如，这取决于所使用的粘合剂)，以其粉末状形式活化。
在如上所述的方法中，氮化硼颗粒可以在它们插入到聚合物粘合剂之前或在颗粒烧结之后活化。
在烧结的情况下，活化可以在该方法结束时进行，以避免其被烧结所破坏的风险。
本发明根据其另一方面的目的是制造如上所定义的电池的方法，包括以下步骤：
-通过暴露在酸中而活化例如陶瓷的、包括氮化硼的材料层。
在附加的步骤中：
-电极催化剂层可以沉积在氮化硼层的至少一面上。
所述催化剂可以是至少一种金属化合物例如铂、镍或铂-石墨或镍-石墨的层。
氮化硼层可以在活化之前金属化。
活化可以在电场的存在下进行。
本发明根据其另一方面的目的是制备用于燃料电池或其它应用(尤其是电解槽或蓄电池)的这种膜的方法，其中，将所述膜暴露于酸溶液中然后冲洗。
将所述膜暴露于酸中可以优先在电场下进行，这可以提高活化效率。所述电场例如可以为15～40,000V/m、乃至至少25V/m、乃至大约15,000V/m。15,000V/m的电场相当于在膜厚度为100μm的情况下施加1.5V，或者在厚度为1mm的情况下15V。
本发明的目的还有活化如前所定义的膜的方法，包括以下步骤：将氮化硼暴露在溶液中，其中所述溶液中可以有羟基-OH，B-OH键可以在氢化硼中产生，或者可以有与NH2键合的H3O+离子，B-OH键可以在氮化硼中产生。
本发明根据其另一方面的目的是用于电化学装置(尤其是燃料电池、电解槽或蓄电池)的质子交换膜，包括诸如陶瓷的材料、活化六方晶系氮化硼的层。
附图说明
阅读以下本发明的非限制性示例性实施方案的详细描述，以及对照附图，可以更好地理解本发明，其中：
图1为根据本发明制造的燃料电池的示意图，
图2为用于生产电解槽膜的质子交换膜的示意图，以及
图3为用于生产蓄电池的质子交换膜的示意图。
在附图中，为清楚起见，各部分的相对比例并不总是实测值。
具体实施方式
燃料电池1示于图1中，包括由活化六方晶系氮化硼(h-BN)陶瓷形成的质子交换膜2。
电池1包括在质子交换膜2一侧的阳极3和在质子交换膜2另一侧的阴极4.
所述阳极例如包括用于氧化反应的、金属化合物(例如铂或金)或者复合物(例如铂-石墨或镍-石墨)的层，所述阴极例如包括燃料催化剂层，例如铂、镍、镍-石墨或铂-石墨的层，每一层都能够与膜2接触。
质子交换膜2以及位于所述质子交换膜2任一侧的两个层可以由多孔惰性基材6支撑，例如氧化铝、氧化锆或氮化硼的多孔层。
电导体可以与阳极和阴极接触。
阳极3例如可以在用于氧化反应的层上包括金层，例如作为栅(screen)10，以收集电流。
质子交换膜2的厚度例如为100μm，用于氧化和催化反应的层的厚度例如为10～30μm。
在本发明的示例性实施方案中，质子交换膜2由来自SAINT-GOBAIN的参比HIP的h-BN氮化硼陶瓷制成，通过暴露于酸例如硫酸中而活化，例如用浓度为0.1M到5M、例如5M的硫酸活化几个小时。在该暴露过程中，如果需要的话，所述膜可以暴露于约30,000V/m的电场下，即当膜厚度为1μm时电压为30V，这可以提高活化质量。在暴露于酸中之后冲洗陶瓷。不受理论束缚，采用活化，可以修饰氮化硼颗粒的悬空键(pending bond)。
当所述膜在电场存在下活化时，该电场可以在两个电极之间产生。阳极可以与膜接触或者不接触，并且与酸和水电解液接触。阴极应当只与膜接触，而不与酸接触。
这些可以是只用于活化过程并且随后没有用的电极，例如不再出现在使用所述膜的系统中。这些还可以是至少其中一个又出现在最终的系统中的电极。
用于活化的至少一个电极乃至两个电极可以与所述膜接触，并且可以例如永久性地附着于所述膜上。用于活化的电极之一(例如铂阳极)，可以使用的其他导电部件，需要不氧化也不快速退化。
如果多孔铂与膜接触的话，所述阳极还可以存在于该多孔铂中。另一个多孔的电极是阴极，存在于任意导电材料中。这些电极可以是扁平的，例如通过在膜上进行的薄层沉积法。
在替代方案中，导电层，例如多孔铂的层，沉积在氮化硼层的任一侧。然后将由此涂覆的膜暴露于酸中，以便在外加电场的存在下通过导电层活化它。
一旦完成在酸中的暴露，就可以冲洗并干燥所述膜。
当然，对上面给出的实施例进行变化也不会背离本发明的范围。
交换膜可以尤其是仅仅在阳极上涂覆有铂、镍或这两种金属的合金。对应于阴极的另一面例如通过沉积金属(例如铜或银)层而制成导电的。
质子交换膜可以具有各种形状，例如平面形状或圆柱状。
在图2的实施例中，在电解槽中使用质子交换膜2，所述电解槽包括金属阴极20(例如在铂中，或在其他电导体中)、阳极30(例如也是在铂中)。
在图3的实施例中，在蓄电池中使用质子交换膜2，阳极40例如在铂或镍中制备并且与含水酸电解液接触，例如硫酸溶液，而阴极50包括可氢化物质。
措辞“包括一个”应当理解为“包括至少一个”的同义词。

Claims (26)

1.一种燃料电池、电解槽或蓄电池的质子交换膜(2)，其特征在于它包括包含活性六方晶系氮化硼的材料层。
2.一种燃料电池(1)、电解槽或蓄电池，包括：
-阳极(3)，
-阴极(4)，
-所述阴极和所述阳极之间的包括活性氮化硼的材料层(2)。
3.根据前述权利要求的电池，其中所述层包括包含在聚合物基体中的粉末状氮化硼。
4.根据前述权利要求的电池，所述材料是不透氢的。
5.根据权利要求2到4的电池，所述材料是非多孔的。
6.根据权利要求2到4的电池，所述材料具有非零表面孔隙率。
7.根据权利要求2到6中任一项的电池，所述阴极(4)包括与所述氮化硼层接触的至少一个金属化合物层。
8.根据权利要求2到7中任一项的电池，所述阳极包括与所述氮化硼层接触的至少一个金属化合物层。
9.根据权利要求7或8中任一项的电池，所述金属化合物选自：铂、金、镍及其合金。
10.根据权利要求2到9中任一项的电池，所述氮化硼层(2)的厚度小于或等于2,500μm。
11.根据前述权利要求的电池，所述层(2)的厚度小于或等于250μm。
12.根据权利要求2到11中任一项的电池，包括用于支撑所述膜的基材(6)。
13.根据前述权利要求的电池，所述基材(6)选自：氧化铝、氧化锆、多孔氮化硼及其混合物。
14.一种燃料电池，所述燃料电池包括权利要求2到13中任一项所定义的电池(1)以及在阴极侧的燃料供给回路和在阳极侧的氧化剂供给回路。
15.根据前述权利要求的燃料电池，所述燃料是氢气。
16.根据权利要求14或15的燃料电池，所述氧化剂是空气或氧。
17.根据权利要求14到16中任一项的燃料电池，包括其中用于供给到电池的氢以氢化物的形式储存的物质。
18.一种电解槽，所述电解槽包括权利要求2到13中任一项所定义的电池。
19.一种制造权利要求2到13中任一项所定义的电池(1)的方法，所述方法包括以下步骤：
-通过暴露在酸中而活化包括氮化硼的材料层。
20.根据前述权利要求的方法，还包括以下步骤：
-在所述氮化硼层的至少一面上沉积电极催化剂层。
21.根据权利要求19的方法，所述催化剂是至少一种金属化合物的层。
22.根据前述权利要求的方法，所述氮化硼层在活化之前金属化。
23.根据权利要求19到22中任一项的方法，所述活化在电场存在下进行。
24.一种以包括活性六方晶系氮化硼的材料制备膜的方法，其中将所述膜暴露于酸溶液中然后冲洗。
25.根据前述权利要求的方法，所述膜暴露于酸中是在至少25V/m的电场下进行。
26.一种活化权利要求1所定义的膜的方法，所述方法包括以下步骤：将氮化硼暴露在溶液中，其中所述溶液可以提供羟基-OH，并且，B-OH键可以在氮化硼中产生。
CN200880017764.4A 2007-05-28 2008-03-06 质子交换膜和包括这种膜的电池 Expired - Fee Related CN101711441B (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0755287 2007-05-28
FR0755287A FR2916906B1 (fr) 2007-05-28 2007-05-28 Membrane echangeuse protonique et cellule comportant une telle membrane
PCT/FR2008/050380 WO2008148956A1 (fr) 2007-05-28 2008-03-06 Membrane echangeuse protonique et cellule comportant une telle membrane

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN101711441A true CN101711441A (zh) 2010-05-19
CN101711441B CN101711441B (zh) 2014-02-26

Family

ID=38669595

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN200880017888.2A Expired - Fee Related CN101715611B (zh) 2007-05-28 2008-03-06 活化氮化硼的方法
CN200880017764.4A Expired - Fee Related CN101711441B (zh) 2007-05-28 2008-03-06 质子交换膜和包括这种膜的电池

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN200880017888.2A Expired - Fee Related CN101715611B (zh) 2007-05-28 2008-03-06 活化氮化硼的方法

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (2) US8383692B2 (zh)
EP (2) EP2156497B1 (zh)
JP (2) JP5374500B2 (zh)
CN (2) CN101715611B (zh)
AT (2) ATE535957T1 (zh)
AU (2) AU2008259742B2 (zh)
CA (2) CA2688428C (zh)
ES (2) ES2387005T3 (zh)
FR (1) FR2916906B1 (zh)
WO (2) WO2008148957A1 (zh)
ZA (2) ZA200908665B (zh)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108602985A (zh) * 2015-12-30 2018-09-28 圣戈本陶瓷及塑料股份有限公司 改性的氮化物颗粒、寡聚物官能化的氮化物颗粒、聚合物类复合物以及其形成方法
CN112133888A (zh) * 2020-10-20 2020-12-25 天津市捷威动力工业有限公司 一种性能优异的动力电池复合正极及动力电池的制备方法
CN115051004A (zh) * 2022-06-10 2022-09-13 四川大学 燃料电池质子交换膜及其制备方法

Families Citing this family (33)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2913417B1 (fr) * 2007-03-06 2009-11-20 Ceram Hyd Procede et unite de stockage d'hydrogene
FR2916906B1 (fr) 2007-05-28 2009-10-02 Ceram Hyd Soc Par Actions Simp Membrane echangeuse protonique et cellule comportant une telle membrane
FR2928492B1 (fr) 2008-03-06 2011-10-21 Ceram Hyd Materiau pour un dispositif electrochimique.
JP5765824B2 (ja) * 2009-09-24 2015-08-19 エーヴェーエー・フォルシュングスツェントルム・フュア・エネルギーテヒノロギー・エー・ファウ プロトン交換膜の使用、当該プロトン交換膜を含むプロトン交換膜燃料電池、プロトン交換膜、および、プロトン交換膜を製造する方法
WO2012036260A1 (ja) * 2010-09-16 2012-03-22 日本ゼオン株式会社 二次電池用正極
FR2971262B1 (fr) * 2011-02-03 2013-09-13 Ceram Hyd Electrolyseur et ensemble le comportant, notamment pour la production de h2 et de o2
RU2478077C2 (ru) * 2011-04-29 2013-03-27 Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Институт неорганической химии им. А.В. Николаева Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук (ИНХ СО РАН) Способ получения растворимого гексагонального нитрида бора
CN103317143A (zh) * 2013-06-21 2013-09-25 淮南舜化机械制造有限公司 一种制备氮化硼-金纳米复合物的方法
GB201416527D0 (en) * 2014-09-18 2014-11-05 Univ Manchester Graphene membrane
GB201513288D0 (en) 2015-07-28 2015-09-09 Univ Manchester Graphene membrane
US11098408B2 (en) * 2015-11-23 2021-08-24 Xergy Inc. Environment control system utilizing an electrochemical cell
US11773498B2 (en) 2016-02-26 2023-10-03 Ffi Ionix Ip, Inc. Environment control system utilizing an electrochemical cell
KR101761055B1 (ko) * 2016-03-02 2017-07-25 인제대학교 산학협력단 h-BN을 이용한 전기활성 고분자 유연 구동기 제조방법
CN105982823A (zh) * 2016-04-20 2016-10-05 江西联锴新材料有限公司 一种化妆品用水分散氮化硼粉体及其制备方法
US10164269B2 (en) 2016-08-23 2018-12-25 Doosan Fuel Cell America, Inc. Boron phosphate matrix layer
FR3055793B1 (fr) * 2016-09-09 2018-08-31 Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire De Chirurgie Mini-Invasive Guidee Par L'image Porte-aiguille endoscopique
TW201829354A (zh) * 2017-02-10 2018-08-16 美商聖高拜陶器塑膠公司 三氧化二硼含量可控的氮化硼
CN107163290B (zh) * 2017-05-18 2019-08-23 清华-伯克利深圳学院筹备办公室 一种官能化六方氮化硼纳米片、分散液及其制备方法和应用
JP6994229B2 (ja) * 2017-06-28 2022-01-14 河合石灰工業株式会社 表面改質窒化ホウ素の製造方法
WO2019055893A1 (en) * 2017-09-18 2019-03-21 Avx Corporation LOW CURRENT ULTRA CAPACITOR
US11101481B2 (en) 2018-02-21 2021-08-24 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Solid state glucose-powered micro fuel cell
TWI651884B (zh) * 2018-07-20 2019-02-21 元智大學 質子電池的製造方法及質子電池模組
WO2020180680A1 (en) 2019-03-04 2020-09-10 Boron Nitride Power Llc Radical anion functionalization of two-dimensional materials
KR102248310B1 (ko) * 2019-03-07 2021-05-04 순천향대학교 산학협력단 이차전지, 연료전지 및 이차전지용 또는 연료전지용 분리막 및 분리막의 제조방법
WO2020179978A1 (ko) * 2019-03-07 2020-09-10 순천향대학교 산학협력단 이차전지, 연료전지 및 이차전지용 또는 연료전지용 분리막 및 분리막의 제조방법
WO2021045850A2 (en) * 2019-07-26 2021-03-11 Northwestern University Phase-inversion polymer composite material, fabricating methods and applications of same
US20230037064A1 (en) * 2019-11-27 2023-02-02 Vanderbilt University Proton transport membranes and methods of making and use thereof
US11552296B2 (en) * 2020-03-13 2023-01-10 Boron Nitride Power Llc Functionalized boron nitride materials as electroactive species in electrochemical energy storage devices
WO2021240546A1 (en) * 2020-05-26 2021-12-02 Ramkumar Murari Ion-conducting membranes, components having the ion-conducting membranes, and process for forming the same
CN114421093B (zh) * 2020-10-13 2023-02-24 湖南大学 一种柔性氮化硼纳米管无机隔膜及其制备和在锂二次电池中的应用
CN114132903A (zh) * 2021-01-08 2022-03-04 上海联锴日用化工有限公司 一种亲水纳米氮化硼的制备方法
FR3122778B1 (fr) 2021-05-04 2023-12-01 Gen Hy Membrane conductrice ionique, procédé de fabrication d'une telle membrane, cellule comprenant une telle membrane et installation comprenant une telle cellule
CN115074855B (zh) * 2022-07-11 2023-07-21 桂林电子科技大学 一种基于静电纺丝的疏水性高导热复合相变材料及其制备方法和应用

Family Cites Families (37)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2650217C2 (de) 1976-11-02 1981-10-01 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Verfahren zur Erzeugung von Wasserstoff
US4737249A (en) * 1982-03-15 1988-04-12 Inco Alloys International, Inc. Electrolytic production of hydrogen
US4795617A (en) * 1984-01-16 1989-01-03 Hare Louis R O Electroluminescent chemical activation system
JPS6119781A (ja) * 1984-07-05 1986-01-28 Sumitomo Metal Mining Co Ltd 窒化硼素の無電解めつき前処理方法
US5205911A (en) 1990-11-13 1993-04-27 Oxytech Systems, Inc. Cathode restoration
JPH04345763A (ja) * 1991-05-22 1992-12-01 Fuji Electric Co Ltd リン酸型燃料電池のマトリックスおよびその製造方法
CN1162297A (zh) * 1994-09-07 1997-10-15 英国技术集团有限公司 氮化硼
RU94032296A (ru) * 1994-09-07 1996-07-20 Обнинское научно-производственное предприятие "Технология" Способ получения керамического изделия на основе нитрида бора
JPH09219206A (ja) * 1996-02-09 1997-08-19 Asahi Glass Co Ltd 電気化学素子
US5935727A (en) 1997-04-10 1999-08-10 The Dow Chemical Company Solid oxide fuel cells
US6306358B1 (en) * 1998-06-02 2001-10-23 Osamu Yamamoto Crystalline turbostratic boron nitride powder and method for producing same
US6638654B2 (en) * 1999-02-01 2003-10-28 The Regents Of The University Of California MEMS-based thin-film fuel cells
JP2000357524A (ja) * 1999-06-15 2000-12-26 Toshiba Corp プロトン伝導体、燃料電池、電解質板の製造方法および燃料電池の製造方法
JP4428774B2 (ja) 1999-10-20 2010-03-10 株式会社豊田中央研究所 燃料電池電極の製造方法
JP2001155744A (ja) * 1999-11-29 2001-06-08 Toyota Central Res & Dev Lab Inc プロトン伝導体
JP2001192500A (ja) * 2000-01-12 2001-07-17 Edison Polymer Innovation Corp 低粘度高熱伝導性ポリマー系窒化ホウ素組成物形成用表面処理窒化ホウ素及び該組成物の形成方法
WO2002041432A1 (en) 2000-11-14 2002-05-23 Fullerene Usa, Inc. Fuel cell
WO2002058176A1 (fr) 2001-01-19 2002-07-25 Sony Corporation Module d'electrode
US20020100682A1 (en) 2001-01-29 2002-08-01 Kelley Ronald J. Hydrogen recharging system for fuel cell hydride storage reservoir
DE10125546B4 (de) * 2001-05-23 2005-12-29 Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh Verfahren zum reversiblen Speichern von gasförmigem Wasserstoff und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
JP3687038B2 (ja) 2002-01-16 2005-08-24 財団法人名古屋産業科学研究所 プロトン伝導ゲル、プロトン伝導体及びこれらの製造方法
FI115904B (fi) 2002-01-25 2005-08-15 Bcde Group Waste Man Ltd Oy Menetelmä ja laite epäpuhtauksien poistamiseksi jätevedestä elektroflotaatiolla
AU2003220048A1 (en) * 2002-03-05 2003-09-22 Eltron Research, Inc. Hydrogen transport membranes
JP4336777B2 (ja) * 2002-05-30 2009-09-30 独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所 表面改質無機多孔体及び該多孔体を電解質とする燃料電池
FR2850301B1 (fr) 2003-01-23 2007-10-19 Commissariat Energie Atomique Materiau hybride organique-inorganique comprenant une phase minerale mesoporeuse et une phase organique, membrane et pile a combustible
AU2003903583A0 (en) 2003-07-10 2003-07-24 Technological Resources Pty Ltd Production and storage of hydrogen
US20050072334A1 (en) * 2003-10-07 2005-04-07 Saint-Gobain Performance Plastics, Inc. Thermal interface material
US7510640B2 (en) 2004-02-18 2009-03-31 General Motors Corporation Method and apparatus for hydrogen generation
FR2871478B1 (fr) * 2004-06-15 2006-12-22 Arash Mofakhami Systeme d'intrusion et de collision cation-electrons dans un materiau non conducteur
US7419623B2 (en) * 2004-08-03 2008-09-02 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Proton conducting mediums for electrochemical devices and electrochemical devices comprising the same
JP2006140098A (ja) * 2004-11-15 2006-06-01 Nec Tokin Corp プロトン伝導体、プロトン交換膜、および燃料電池
JP5518329B2 (ja) * 2005-04-22 2014-06-11 ソシエテ ビック 水素貯蔵複合材料
JP2007134107A (ja) * 2005-11-09 2007-05-31 Toyota Motor Corp 燃料電池用セパレータ、その製造方法、及び燃料電池
JP2007188777A (ja) * 2006-01-13 2007-07-26 Sony Corp セパレータおよび非水電解質電池
FR2913417B1 (fr) 2007-03-06 2009-11-20 Ceram Hyd Procede et unite de stockage d'hydrogene
FR2916906B1 (fr) 2007-05-28 2009-10-02 Ceram Hyd Soc Par Actions Simp Membrane echangeuse protonique et cellule comportant une telle membrane
FR2928492B1 (fr) * 2008-03-06 2011-10-21 Ceram Hyd Materiau pour un dispositif electrochimique.

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108602985A (zh) * 2015-12-30 2018-09-28 圣戈本陶瓷及塑料股份有限公司 改性的氮化物颗粒、寡聚物官能化的氮化物颗粒、聚合物类复合物以及其形成方法
CN112133888A (zh) * 2020-10-20 2020-12-25 天津市捷威动力工业有限公司 一种性能优异的动力电池复合正极及动力电池的制备方法
CN115051004A (zh) * 2022-06-10 2022-09-13 四川大学 燃料电池质子交换膜及其制备方法
CN115051004B (zh) * 2022-06-10 2023-09-08 四川大学 燃料电池质子交换膜及其制备方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2008259742A1 (en) 2008-12-11
ATE535957T1 (de) 2011-12-15
US8383692B2 (en) 2013-02-26
WO2008148956A1 (fr) 2008-12-11
CA2688428C (fr) 2015-11-17
EP2156497B1 (fr) 2011-11-30
US20100279201A1 (en) 2010-11-04
ZA200908666B (en) 2011-02-23
WO2008148957A1 (fr) 2008-12-11
CA2688428A1 (fr) 2008-12-11
ATE556457T1 (de) 2012-05-15
AU2008259741A1 (en) 2008-12-11
US20100280138A1 (en) 2010-11-04
JP2010527903A (ja) 2010-08-19
ZA200908665B (en) 2011-02-23
JP5374500B2 (ja) 2013-12-25
CN101715611B (zh) 2014-07-30
ES2378526T3 (es) 2012-04-13
CA2688427A1 (fr) 2008-12-11
JP2010529938A (ja) 2010-09-02
EP2156498A1 (fr) 2010-02-24
ES2387005T3 (es) 2012-09-11
EP2156498B1 (fr) 2012-05-02
CN101711441B (zh) 2014-02-26
AU2008259742B2 (en) 2012-09-13
US8507147B2 (en) 2013-08-13
FR2916906A1 (fr) 2008-12-05
AU2008259741B2 (en) 2012-12-13
FR2916906B1 (fr) 2009-10-02
EP2156497A1 (fr) 2010-02-24
JP5374499B2 (ja) 2013-12-25
CN101715611A (zh) 2010-05-26

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN101711441B (zh) 质子交换膜和包括这种膜的电池
US9105907B2 (en) Material for an electrochemical device
Goni-Urtiaga et al. Solid acids as electrolyte materials for proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolysis
KR100786423B1 (ko) 전해질막, 전극 및 연료 전지
CN107615545B (zh) 聚合物电解质膜、包括其的膜电极组件和包括该膜电极组件的燃料电池
JP4919005B2 (ja) 燃料電池用電極の製造方法
Pandey Recent progresses in membranes for proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) for clean and environmentally friendly applications
JP4604072B2 (ja) 膜・電極接合体
WO2005020362A1 (en) Composite polymer electrolytes for proton exchange membrane fuel cells
Shivarama et al. Metal-Organic Framework Containing Polymeric Membranes for Fuel Cells
Zeng A fundamental study of high temperature proton exchange membranes for fuel cells.
EP1665438A1 (en) Composite polymer electrolytes for proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
C06 Publication
PB01 Publication
C10 Entry into substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
C14 Grant of patent or utility model
GR01 Patent grant
CF01 Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee

Granted publication date: 20140226

Termination date: 20150306

EXPY Termination of patent right or utility model