CN101708333B - 多价疫苗组合物 - Google Patents
多价疫苗组合物 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN101708333B CN101708333B CN200910174266.7A CN200910174266A CN101708333B CN 101708333 B CN101708333 B CN 101708333B CN 200910174266 A CN200910174266 A CN 200910174266A CN 101708333 B CN101708333 B CN 101708333B
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- Prior art keywords
- compositions
- multivalent immunogenic
- immunogenic compositions
- polysaccharide
- conjugate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Abstract
本发明描述了一种包含未吸附至铝盐佐剂上的流感嗜血菌b荚膜多糖和两种或更多种其它细菌多糖的缀合物的多价疫苗组合物。也描述了一种包含全细胞百日咳组分、破伤风类毒素、白喉类毒素、乙型肝炎表面抗原、流感嗜血菌b荚膜多糖缀合物和脑膜炎奈瑟氏球菌A型或C型(或两者)的荚膜多糖缀合物的多价疫苗组合物。此外,描述了包含全细胞百日咳组分、破伤风类毒素、白喉类毒素和低剂量的流感嗜血菌b荚膜多糖缀合物的多价疫苗组合物。
Description
本发明为2001年6月27日申请的申请号为01814619.8,名称为“多价疫苗组合物”的分案申请。
本发明涉及新组合疫苗制剂。为了将提供对多种病原体的保护作用的所需免疫次数减至最低、降低给药成本以及增加接受率和覆盖率,非常需要组合疫苗(该疫苗提供抵抗多种病原体的保护作用)。许多文献证实抗原性竞争(或干扰)现象使多组分疫苗的研制复杂化。抗原性干扰是指观察到:给予多种抗原常常导致相对于某些抗原单独给予时观察到的免疫应答而言,所述抗原应答减弱。
已知组合疫苗可以预防百日咳博德特氏菌(Bordetella pertussis)、破伤风梭菌(Clostridium tetani)、白喉棒杆菌(Corynebacterium diphtheriae),以及任选预防乙型肝炎病毒(Hepatitis B virus)和/或流感嗜血菌b型(Haemophilus influenzae type b)(参见例如WO 93/24148和WO 97/00697)。
本发明涉及生产迄今为止最渴望得到的可以预防或治疗百日咳博德特氏菌、破伤风梭菌、白喉棒杆菌、乙型肝炎病毒、流感嗜血菌和脑膜炎奈瑟氏球菌(N.meningitidis)感染、最好也可以预防或治疗甲型肝炎病毒和/或脊髓灰质炎病毒感染的多价疫苗,其中所述疫苗组分不显著干扰所述疫苗中任一组分的免疫学功效,本发明还涉及所述多价疫苗的使用。
因此,一方面,本发明提供一种多价免疫原性组合物,所述组合物给宿主提供保护作用以抵抗由百日咳博德特氏菌、破伤风梭菌、白喉棒杆菌、乙型肝炎病毒、流感嗜血菌和脑膜炎奈瑟氏球菌引起的疾病,所述组合物包含:
(a)或者灭活全细胞百日咳博德特氏菌(Pw),或者两种或更多种无细胞百日咳组分(Pa)[优选前者],
(b)破伤风类毒素(TT),
(c)白喉类毒素(DT),
(d)乙型肝炎表面抗原(HepB),
(e)载体蛋白和流感嗜血菌B型(Hib)的荚膜多糖的缀合物,和
(f)载体蛋白和选自脑膜炎奈瑟氏球菌A型(MenA)和脑膜炎奈瑟氏球菌C型(MenC)的细菌的荚膜多糖的一种或多种缀合物。
破伤风类毒素(TT)的制备方法是本领域众所周知的。例如,TT最好通过从破伤风梭菌培养物纯化所述毒素后接化学解毒来制备,一种替代的方法是通过纯化所述毒素的重组或遗传解毒的类似物来制备(例如,如EP 209281中所述)。“破伤风类毒素”也包括全长蛋白的免疫原性片段(例如片段C-参见EP 478602)。
白喉类毒素(DT)的制备方法也是本领域众所周知的。例如,DT最好通过从白喉棒杆菌培养物纯化所述毒素后接化学解毒来制备,一种替代的方法是通过纯化所述毒素的重组或遗传解毒的类似物来制备(例如在US4,709,017、US 5,843,711、US 5,601,827和US 5,917,017中所述的CRM197或其它突变体)。
无细胞百日咳组分(Pa)是本领域众所周知的。实例包括百日咳类毒素(PT)、丝状血细胞凝集素(FHA)、pertactin(PRN)以及凝集原2和3。这些抗原部分纯化或高度纯化。优选在所述疫苗中使用2种或更多种无细胞百日咳组分。更优选在所述疫苗中掺入2、3、4或全部5种上述实例无细胞百日咳组分。最优选包括PT、FHA和PRN。PT可以通过各种方法来生产,所述方法例如从百日咳博德特氏菌培养物纯化所述毒素后接着化学解毒,或者通过纯化PT的遗传解毒的类似物(例如,如US 5,085,862中所述)。
WO 93/24148公开了适用于本发明的制备灭活全细胞百日咳博德特氏菌(Pw)的方法,其也是生产DT-TT-Pw-HepB和DT-TT-Pa-HepB疫苗的合适配制方法。
细菌荚膜多糖缀合物可以包含任何含至少一种T辅助细胞表位的载体肽、多肽或蛋白。所使用的载体蛋白最好选自:破伤风类毒素、白喉类毒素、CRM197、重组白喉毒素(如US 4,709,017、WO 93/25210、WO 95/33481或WO 00/48638中任一个中所述)、得自肺炎链球菌(S.pneumoniae)的肺炎球菌溶血素(最好是化学解毒或解毒突变体)、得自脑膜炎奈瑟氏球菌的OMPC和得自流感嗜血菌的D蛋白(PD)(EP 594610)。由于已知的载体抑制效应,如果在本发明的每种组合物中将其中所含有的多糖抗原(‘n’抗原)与一种以上的载体缀合将是有利的。因此,可在一种载体上(独立地)携带(n-1)种多糖和在不同载体上携带1种多糖,或在一种载体上携带(n-2)种多糖和在两种不同的载体上携带2种多糖等等。例如,在含有4种细菌多糖缀合物的疫苗中,可以将1种、2种或全部4种与不同的载体缀合。然而,在本发明的组合物中最好将D蛋白作为载体使用,因为在组合物中可以将其用于各种(2、3、4或更多种)多糖而没有显著的载体抑制效应。最优选Hib为TT缀合物,而MenA、MenC、MenY和MenW或者是TT缀合物或者是PD缀合物。D蛋白也是有用的载体,因为其提供抵抗流感嗜血菌的保护作用的另一抗原。
可以用任一已知方法(例如Likhite的美国专利4,372,945和Armor等的美国专利4,474,757),将所述多糖与所述载体蛋白连接。最好是进行CDAP缀合(WO 95/08348)。
在CDAP中,最好用氰化(cyanylating)试剂四氟硼酸1-氰基-二甲氨基吡啶鎓(CDAP)合成多糖-蛋白缀合物。所述氰化反应可以在相对温和条件下进行,避免碱敏感性多糖水解。该合成允许直接与载体蛋白偶联。
上述免疫原性组合物还可以包含选自以下列举组分中的1种、2种、3种、4种、5种、6种或7种组分:脑膜炎奈瑟氏球菌Y型多糖[MenY](最好是缀合型)、脑膜炎奈瑟氏球菌W型多糖[MenW](最好是缀合型)、伤寒沙门氏菌(Salmonella typhi)的Vi多糖、脑膜炎奈瑟氏球菌(最好是血清型B)外膜小泡、一种或多种脑膜炎奈瑟氏球菌(最好是血清型B)外膜(表面暴露)蛋白、灭活减毒甲型肝炎病毒(HepA-最好是称为‘HavrixTM’的制品[SmithKlineBeecham Biologicals])和灭活脊髓灰质炎病毒(IPV-优选包含1型、2型和3型,其为疫苗领域标准技术,最优选Salk脊髓灰质炎疫苗),而对于所述组合物中的任一抗原不存在显著干扰问题。
本发明的免疫原性组合物最好配制为用于体内给予宿主的疫苗,其配制方式使得所述组合物的各个组分的免疫原性基本上不被所述组合物中的其它各种组分所削弱。所谓基本上不被削弱,意指免疫后,针对每种组分所获得的抗体效价是当分别给予所述抗原时所获得的所述效价的60%以上、优选超 过70%、更优选超过80%、再更优选超过90%、最优选超过95-100%。
本发明的免疫原性组合物最好配制为用于体内给予宿主的疫苗,使得它们提供的抗体效价优于可接受百分比人类受治疗者的每种抗原组分的血清保护标准。在评价群体中的疫苗功效时,这是一个重要的试验。高于所述抗原血清转化型宿主的相关抗体效价的抗原是众所周知的,这样的效价由诸如WHO的组织公布。优选80%以上的统计学显著性受治疗者样品为血清转化型,更优选超过90%,再更优选超过93%,最优选96-100%。
本发明的免疫原性组合物最好加有佐剂。合适的佐剂包括铝盐例如氢氧化铝凝胶(alum)或磷酸铝,但也可以是钙盐、铁盐或锌盐,或者可以是酰化酪氨酸、或酰化糖、阳离子或阴离子衍生化多糖或聚磷腈的不溶性悬浮液。
也可以选择TH1型应答优先诱导物的佐剂,以有助于细胞免疫应答。
高水平的Th1型细胞因子往往有助于诱导对给定抗原的细胞介导免疫应答,而高水平的Th2型细胞因子往往有助于诱导对所述抗原的体液免疫应答。
促进主要为Th1应答的合适佐剂系统包括单磷酰脂质A或其衍生物(特别是3-脱-O-酰化单磷酰脂质A)以及单磷酰脂质A(最好是3-脱-O-酰化单磷酰脂质A(3D-MPL))与铝盐的组合。一种增强系统涉及单磷酰脂质A和皂苷衍生物的组合、特别是WO 94/00153中公开的QS21和3D-MPL的组合,或者在WO 96/33739中公开的用胆固醇猝灭QS21的反应原性较低的组合物。在WO 95/17210中介绍了一种特别有效的佐剂制剂,包括QS21、3D-MPL和生育酚的水包油乳剂。另外,所述疫苗还可包含皂苷、更优选是QS21。所述制剂也可包含水包油乳剂和生育酚(WO 95/17210)。含有寡核苷酸的未甲基化CpG(WO 96/02555)也是TH1应答的优先诱导物且适合用于本发明中。
在上述免疫原性组合物中铝盐是优选的佐剂。具体地说,HepB应最好吸附至磷酸铝上,然后与其它组分混合。为了将本发明组合物中的佐剂(特别是铝盐)水平减至最低,所述多糖缀合物可以不进行佐剂化。
本发明也提供生产疫苗制剂的方法,所述方法包括将所述疫苗组分与药s学上可接受的赋形剂混合在一起的步骤。
本发明的一种特别优选的DTPw组合物包含:TT、DT、Pw、HepB(最好吸附至磷酸铝上)、Hib(最好与TT缀合和/或未吸附)、MenA(最好与D蛋 白缀合)和MenC(最好与D蛋白缀合)。所述疫苗最好在2个容器中提供,第1个容器装有液体形式的DTPw-HepB,而第2个容器装有冻干形式的Hib-MenA-MenC。所述容器的内容物在以一次注射给予宿主前临时混合。
本发明的另一方面提供一种用于药物的本文所述免疫原性组合物或疫苗。
在本发明的再一方面,提供本发明的免疫原性组合物在生产用于治疗或预防由以下病原体感染引起的疾病的药物方面的应用:百日咳博德特氏菌、破伤风梭菌、白喉棒杆菌、乙型肝炎病毒、流感嗜血菌和脑膜炎奈瑟氏球菌。
另外,也提供免疫人类宿主抵抗由以下病原体引起的疾病的方法:百日咳博德特氏菌、破伤风梭菌、白喉棒杆菌、乙型肝炎病毒、流感嗜血菌和脑膜炎奈瑟氏球菌,所述方法包括给予所述宿主免疫保护剂量的本发明免疫原性组合物。
通过系统或粘膜途径给予本发明的疫苗制剂,可以用本发明的疫苗制剂保护或治疗感染易感哺乳动物。这些给药可以包括通过肌内、腹膜内、皮内或皮下途径注射;或者通过口腔和/或消化道、呼吸道、泌尿生殖道粘膜给予。
每剂疫苗中的抗原量根据在典型接种者体内诱导免疫保护性应答而没有明显毒副作用的剂量进行选择。这种剂量将根据使用何种特定免疫原以及如何给予所述免疫原而变化,一般而言,预期每剂将包含0.1-100μg多糖,最好是0.1-50μg,优选是0.1-10μg,其中1-5μg是最优选的范围。
所述疫苗中所述蛋白抗原的含量通常的范围是1-100μg,优选为5-50μg,最通常的范围是5-25μg。
在初次接种疫苗后,受治疗者可以接受适当间隔的一次或数次加强免疫。
在Vaccine Design(“亚单位和佐剂途径(The subunit and a djuvantapproach)”(Powell M.F.和Newman M.J.编著)(1995)Plenum Press NewYork)中全面描述了疫苗制备。Fullerton的美国专利4,235,877描述了脂质体包囊化。
有趣的是,本发明人也发现对于包含TT、DT、Pw和Hib的疫苗,在所述组合疫苗中可以使用令人惊奇的低剂量Hib的疫苗(与每0.5mL剂量为10μg的标准剂量相比),获得针对流感嗜血菌b型荚膜多糖抗原至少等同的抗 体效价。这与先前预期的相反。
因此,在本发明的再一实施方案中,提供包含以下组分的多价免疫原性组合物:灭活全细胞百日咳博德特氏菌(Pw)、破伤风类毒素(TT)、白喉类毒素(DT)以及载体蛋白和流感嗜血菌B型荚膜多糖的缀合物(Hib-最好与TT、DT或CRM197缀合),其中每0.5mL剂量的大剂量(bulk)疫苗中缀合物的量是1-8μg,而所述缀合物的免疫原性相当于包含更大剂量缀合物的这类组合物或优于所述组合物。任选的是,也可以包括乙型肝炎表面抗原。
每0.5mL剂量的大剂量疫苗中缀合物的量优选低于10μg(缀合物中的多糖),更优选为1-7μg或2-6μg,最优选约为2.5μg、3μg、4μg或5μg。最优选Hib缀合物在与DTPw疫苗混合之前不吸附至铝盐佐剂上。
本发明人进一步观测到的事实是,包含Hib缀合物的组合疫苗在宿主体内明显诱发较高抗Hib的抗体效价(与单价、未吸附的Hib缀合物疫苗相比),如果在另外还包含1种、但特别是2种或更多种额外细菌多糖的疫苗中给予Hib缀合物,疫苗Hib多糖(最好是所有所述多糖)不吸附至佐剂(特别是铝盐)上。
因此,本发明的再一个独立的方面是提供包含载体蛋白和流感嗜血菌B型(Hib)荚膜多糖的缀合物的多价免疫原性组合物,其中所述组合物另外还包含能够给宿主提供保护作用以抵抗所述细菌引起的感染的1种、但特别是2种或更多种其它细菌多糖(最好是超过2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12或13种细菌多糖),其中在所述组合物中的Hib多糖(而最好是没有所述多糖)被吸附至铝盐佐剂上。最优选在所述组合物中不存在铝盐佐剂。
所谓不被“吸附至铝盐佐剂上”的抗原是指配制所述组合物的工艺不包括抗原吸附在新鲜铝盐佐剂上的专用步骤。
可以将Hib与任何可以提供至少一种T辅助细胞表位的载体(上述例子)、最好是破伤风类毒素缀合。
最好是所述其它细菌多糖也与载体蛋白(上述例子)缀合。在具体的实施方案中,流感嗜血菌B型荚膜多糖和其它多糖不与相同载体(Hib不与其它多糖共享相同载体)缀合,特别是在所述载体为CRM197的情况下。在所述实例的优选实施方案中,所述组合物的至少一种多糖与D蛋白缀合,然而,这 不是实施本发明所必需的—事实上是既不需要Hib也不需要任何其它多糖与D蛋白缀合。
在本发明的一个具体实施方案中,只有Hib和其它细菌多糖(和它们的缀合物)是所述组合物中存在的唯一抗原。
能够给宿主提供保护作用的多糖量(有效量)可容易地由技术人员确定。一般而言,预期每剂包含0.1-100μg多糖,最好是0.1-50μg,优选0.1-10μg,其中1-5μg是最优选的范围。Hib缀合物存在的量优选为3-15μg(所述缀合物的多糖),更优选为4-12μg,最优选为5-10μg。在一个优选的实施方案中,在每0.5mL剂量的组合物中存在的其它多糖总共不低于2μg(特别是当缀合的时候),最好是包括不低于3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15、17、20、25、30、35、40、45或50μg。最好是每0.5mL剂量包括不超过100μg其它多糖。
所述其它细菌多糖最好选自:脑膜炎奈瑟氏球菌血清组A荚膜多糖(MenA)、脑膜炎奈瑟氏球菌血清组C荚膜多糖(MenC)、脑膜炎奈瑟氏球菌血清组Y荚膜多糖(MenY)、脑膜炎奈瑟氏球菌血清组W荚膜多糖(MenW)、B组链球菌I组荚膜多糖、B组链球菌II组荚膜多糖、B组链球菌III组荚膜多糖、B组链球菌IV组荚膜多糖、B组链球菌V组荚膜多糖、金黄色葡萄球菌5型(Staphylococcus aureus type 5)荚膜多糖、金黄色葡萄球菌8型荚膜多糖、得自伤寒沙门氏菌的Vi多糖、脑膜炎奈瑟氏球菌LPS、M.catarrhalisLPS和流感嗜血菌LPS。所谓LPS是指天然脂多糖(或脂寡糖)或脂质A部分已通过多种已知方法中任一种方法解毒的脂多糖(参见例如WO 97/18837或WO 98/33923)或任何包含从所述LPS衍生的O-多糖的分子。所谓脑膜炎奈瑟氏球菌LPS是指所述12种已知免疫学类型(LI、L2、L3、L4、L5、L6、L7、L8、L9、L10、L11或L12)中的1种或多种。
特别优选的组合是含有或者包含以下组分的组合物:1)缀合Hib、缀合MenA和缀合MenC;2)缀合Hib、缀合MenY和缀合MenC;和3)缀合Hib和缀合MenC。在每种上述缀合物中的PS量可以各自为每0.5mL人剂量5μg或10μg。任选的是,上述组合物也可包括脑膜炎奈瑟氏球菌血清型B外膜小泡、或者一种或多种脑膜炎奈瑟氏球菌血清型B外膜(表面暴露)蛋白、或 者一种或多种脑膜炎奈瑟氏球菌LPS(如上限定),以制备全脑膜炎疫苗。优选MenA、MenC和MenY或者是TT缀合物或者是PD缀合物。
所述其它细菌多糖也可以选自所述肺炎球菌荚膜多糖(优选超过7种,更优选11种或更多种,最优选13种或更多种)中的任一种,例如选自以下血清型:1、2、3、4、5、6A、6B、7F、8、9N、9V、10A、11A、12F、14、15B、17F、18C、19A、19F、20、22F、23F或33F。所述肺炎球菌多糖最好是缀合型(最优选为PD缀合物)。
例如可以从上述一览表中选出得自至少4种血清型(包括例如6B、14、19F和23F)或者得自至少7种血清型(包括例如4、6B、9V、14、18C、19F和23F)的肺炎球菌多糖。更优选所述组合物包括得自超过7种血清型的多糖,例如至少11种血清型。在一个实施方案中,例如所述组合物包括11种得自血清型1、3、4、5、6B、7F、9V、14、18C、19F和23F的荚膜多糖(最好是缀合型)。在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,包括至少13种多糖抗原(最好是缀合型),不过本发明也考虑了其它多糖抗原,例如23价(例如血清型1、2、3、4、5、6B、7F、8、9N、9V、10A、11A、12F、14、15B、17F、18C、19A、19F、20、22F、23F和33F)。
对于老年人接种疫苗(例如为了预防肺炎),在上述优选的11价抗原组合物中最好包括血清型8和12F(最优选15以及22),以形成13/15价疫苗,而对于婴儿或学步幼儿(在特别关注中耳炎的情况下),最好是包括血清型6A和19A,以形成13价疫苗,
所述肺炎球菌多糖可以吸附或不吸附至铝盐佐剂上。
可以将Hib(最好冻干)和肺炎球菌多糖(最好为液体形式)在以一次给药/注射给予宿主之前临时混合。这种配制可使免疫后获得的针对Hib荚膜多糖的抗体效价超过独立给予Hib缀合物时所获得的抗体效价的100%。在优选实施方案中,与独立给予相比,以组合形式给予肺炎球菌多糖缀合物没有(明显的)有害作用(就保护性功效而论)。这可以通过在最后初次剂量(初次剂量是初次给予的量—在1岁内通常为3次)后1个月测量抗多糖抗体的初次后几何平均浓度(geometric mean concentrations)(GMC)对其进行评价。优选本发明疫苗的GMC(以μg/ml计)应该高于给予所述肺炎球菌多糖而不给予Hib缀合 物时GMC的55%(更优选高于60%、70%、80%或90%)。没有有害作用的另一指征是,当比较初次给予本发明疫苗与无Hib缀合物的疫苗后1个月时,是否抗体浓度不低于0.5μg/ml的受治疗者百分比相差不超过10%(最好低于9%、7%、5%、3%或1%)。
虽然以上涉及Hib和其它细菌“多糖”(优选实施方案),但也设想了本发明可以延伸至Hib和其它细菌“寡糖”(其天然具有低数目的重复单位,或它可以是处理性大小减小的多糖,但仍能够在宿主体内诱导保护性免疫应答),这些都是疫苗领域众所周知的。
本发明该方面的多价免疫原性组合物最好配制为用于体内给予所述宿主的疫苗,其中所述组合物的单个组分的配制使得单个组分的免疫原性不被所述组合物的其它单个组分所削弱(参见上述定义)。因此,在优选实施方案中,与将其分别给予相比,以组合形式给予其它细菌多糖没有(明显的)有害作用(就保护性功效而论)。
本发明该方面的多价免疫原性组合物最好配制为用于体内给予所述宿主的疫苗,其中所述疫苗提供的抗体效价优于每种抗原组分人类受治疗者可接受百分比的血清保护标准(参见上述定义)。
本发明该方面的组合物最好配制成疫苗。也设想了本发明该方面的多价免疫原性组合物在生产用来治疗或预防由流感嗜血菌(最好还有获得其它细菌多糖的生物)感染引起的疾病的药物方面的应用,同样设想了免疫人类宿主使其抵抗针对由流感嗜血菌(最好还有获得其它细菌多糖的生物)引起的疾病的方法,所述方法包括给予所述宿主免疫保护剂量的本发明该方面的多价免疫原性组合物。
也提供本发明该方面的多价免疫原性组合物的制备方法,所述方法包括将所述单个组分混合在一起的步骤。如果让所述其它细菌多糖吸附至铝盐佐剂上,则这应该在向所述制剂中加入Hib之前进行。优选不使用过量的铝盐佐剂。最优选将Hib加入到给予宿主的临时配制组合物的铝佐剂化其它多糖中。
所有引用的参考文献和出版物通过引用结合到本文中。
实施例
实施例仅用以说明本发明,而不限制本发明的范围。
实施例1:DT-TT-Pw-HepB(DTPw-HepB)疫苗的制备
如WO 93/24148中所述进行。该疫苗是市售的,商品名为Tritanrix-HepBTM(SmithKline Beecham Biologicals)。
实施例2:MenA-MenC-Hib(MenAC-Hib)疫苗的制备
i)未加佐剂的MenC-Hib或MenA-MenC-Hib
MenAC-Hib:在每种缀合物每0.5mL人剂量中以每种多糖5μg的量将与D蛋白缀合的脑膜炎奈瑟氏球菌A型荚膜多糖(采用CDAP技术)、与D蛋白缀合的脑膜炎奈瑟氏球菌C型荚膜多糖和与TT缀合的流感嗜血菌b型荚膜多糖混合在一起。将pH调至6.1,然后在蔗糖存在下冻干。
MenC-Hib:在每种缀合物每0.5mL人剂量中以每种多糖5μg的量将与D蛋白缀合的脑膜炎奈瑟氏球菌C型荚膜多糖(采用CDAP技术)和与TT缀合的流感嗜血菌b型荚膜多糖混合在一起。将pH调至6.1,然后在蔗糖存在下冻干。
ii)加有佐剂的Men A-Men C-Hib
将与D蛋白缀合的脑膜炎奈瑟氏球菌A型荚膜多糖(采用CDAP技术)、与D蛋白缀合的脑膜炎奈瑟氏球菌C型荚膜多糖和与TT缀合的流感嗜血菌b型荚膜多糖分别在盐水中吸附至磷酸铝(每剂每种缀合物各5μg分别吸附至100μg、100μg和60μg Al3+)上。将所述吸附疫苗于pH 6.1混合在一起,然后在蔗糖存在下冻干。
实施例3:临床试验
研究MenAC-Hib 001评价通过上述实施例制备的MenC-Hib和MenAC-Hib(吸附型和非吸附型)诱导的免疫原性、反应性和安全性,对婴儿给予三剂初次接种。
该研究为II期随机研究,包括5个研究组。用以评价的制剂是冻干纯制剂和吸附型Men AC-Hib制剂和MenC-Hib纯制剂。将这3种制剂给予3个婴儿年龄分别为3个月、4个月和5个月的第一研究组;将Tritanrix-HepBTM同时给予(分别注射)这3个组。Men AC-Hib纯制剂也在液体白喉、破伤风、全细胞百日咳、乙型肝炎组合疫苗(Tritanrix-HepBTM)中重建,且一次注射给予婴儿年龄分别为3个月、4个月和5个月的第四研究组。第五组(对照)为年龄为3个月、4个月和5个月给予Tritanrix-HepBTM-Hib疫苗。该研究为开放式,但是首先接受两种不同MenAC-Hib制剂的两个组是双盲法,最后接受Tritanrix-HepBTM-MenAC-Hib和Tritanrix-HepBTM-Hib疫苗的两个组也是双盲法。概括地讲,研究组是:
结果表明,所评价的每种制剂都诱导对每种抗原的良好免疫应答(测量针对脑膜炎球菌A组和C组、多核糖基磷酸(流感嗜血菌b型荚膜多糖)、白喉类毒素、破伤风类毒素、百日咳博德特氏菌和乙型肝炎的抗体)。每种疫苗制剂的耐受性良好。
Post III抗多核糖基磷酸(PRP)
组别 | ≥0.15mcg/ml % [L.L.-U.L.] | ≥1.0mcg/ml % [L.L.-U.L.] | GMC (mcg/ml) [L.L.-U.L.] |
MenAC-Hib N=67 | 98.5 [92.0-100.0] | 98.5 [92.0-100.0] | 19.0 [13.7-26.3] |
MenAC-Hib_ads | 100.0 | 90.1 | 7.6 |
N=71 | [94.9-100.0] | [80.7-95.9] | [5.6-10.7] |
MenC-Hib N=66 | 100.0 [94.6-100.0] | 95.5 [87.3-99.1] | 12.6 [9.2-17.2] |
DTPw-HepB/MenAC-Hi b N=67 | 98.5 [92.0-100.0] | 94.0 [85.4-98.3] | 8.7 [6.2-12.2] |
DTPw-HepB/Hiberix N=69 | 98.6 [92.2-100.0] | 92.8 [83.9-97.6] | 7.5 [5.5-11.3] |
0.15mcg/ml和1.0mcg/ml通常是观测到估计血清保护的效价阈值。在DTPw-HepB/MenAC-Hib疫苗中没有Hib干扰。这也可在图1中观察到,图1显示所述数据的反向累积曲线(reverse cumulative curve)(RCC)。另外,令人惊奇的是,与吸附型制剂相比,非吸附型MenAC-Hib疫苗显示出显著更高的抗PRP效价。
Post III抗D蛋白IgG
组别 | ≥100ELU/ml % [L.L.-U.L.] | GMC (ELU/ml) [L.L.-U.L.] |
MenAC-Hib N=64 | 96.9 [89.2-99.6] | 842 [662-1072] |
MenAC-Hib_ads N=66 | 100.0 [94.6-100.0] | 1480 [1195-1831] |
MenC-Hib N=63 | 95.2 [86.7-99.0] | 550 [426-709] |
DTPw-HepB/MenAC-Hib N=63 | 100 [94.3-100.0] | 1815 [1411-2335] |
DTPw-HepB/Hiberix N=64 | 14.1 [6.6-25.0] | 62.1 [54-72] |
有关相应的RCC抗PD IgG曲线另见图2。由此可见,所有制剂都诱导针对所述载体蛋白(D蛋白)的免疫应答。
Post III抗PSA(脑膜炎球菌A的荚膜多糖)IgG
组别 | ≥0.3mcg/ml % [L.L.-U.L.] | GMC (mcg/ml) [L.L.-U.L.] |
MenAC-Hib N=52 | 100.0 [93.2-100.0] | 7.4 [6.0-9.1] |
MenAC-Hib_ads N=55 | 100.0 [93.5-100.0] | 9.8 [7.9-12.2] |
MenC-Hib N=39 | 17.9 [7.5-33.5] | 0.22 [0.16-0.29] |
DTPw-HepB/MenAC-Hib N=61 | 98.4 [91.2-100.0] | 15.1 [11.5-19.9] |
DTPw-HepB/Hiberix N=57 | 3.5 [0.4-12.1] | 0.16 [0.14-0.18] |
该试验为测量针对脑膜炎球菌多糖A的IgG含量的ELISA试验。图3显示所述数据的RCC图形。当以DTPw-HepB/MenAC-Hib疫苗存在时,没有干扰MenA多糖抗原诱导至少相同量的抗体。
Post III针对脑膜炎球菌血清组A的抗SBA
组别 | ≥1∶8 % [L.L.-U.L.] | GMT [L.L.-U.L.] |
MenAC-Hib N=52 | 92.5 [79.6-98.4] | 40.1 [26.2-61.4] |
MenAC-Hib_ads N=44 | 90.9 [78.3-97.5] | 40.6 [24.5-67.0] |
MenC-Hib N=0 | 未进行 | 未进行 |
DTPw-HepB/MenAC-Hib N=50 | 92.5 [79.6-98.4] | 67.7 [45.3-101.1] |
DTPw-HepB/Hiberix N=57 | 0.0 [0.0-8.0] | 0.16 [0.14-0.18] |
该试验是测量抗脑膜炎球菌血清组A的杀细菌抗体的杀细菌试验。以DTPw-HepB/MenAC-Hib疫苗存在时,没有干扰MenA多糖抗原诱导至少相同量的抗体。
Post III抗PSC(脑膜炎球菌C荚膜多糖)IgG和SBA-MenC
该试验为测量针对脑膜炎球菌多糖C的IgG含量的ELISA试验。图4显示所述数据的RCC图形。SBA-MenC是测量抗脑膜炎球菌C血清的杀细菌活性的杀细菌试验。这是测量功能性抗体。图5显示所述数据的RCC图形。以DTPw-HepB/MenAC-Hib疫苗存在时,没有干扰MenC多糖抗原诱导相同量的功能性抗体。
Post III抗脑膜炎球菌血清组C的SBA-MenC
该试验为测量抗脑膜炎球菌血清组A的杀细菌抗体的杀细菌试验。这是测量功能性抗体。当以DTPw-HepB/MenAC-Hib疫苗存在时,没有干扰MenC多糖抗原诱导相同量的功能性抗体。
抗白喉、破伤风、百日咳博德特氏菌细胞和HepB抗体的血清转化率
BP是指百日咳博德特氏菌。进行ELISA以测量抗全细胞细菌的IgG。
抗白喉、破伤风、百日咳博德特氏菌细胞和HepB抗体的几何平均效价(GMT)
根据以上两个表可以观察到,对DT、TT、Pw和HepB的免疫应答类似于用注册的Tritanrix-HepB疫苗获得的血清转化和GMT性免疫应答。
实施例4:Hib-11价肺炎球菌缀合物(Hib/Strep11V)疫苗的制备
将于pH 6.1在乳糖存在下冻干的与TT缀合的流感嗜血菌b型荚膜多糖(每剂所述缀合物中10μg多糖)[HiberixTM(SmithKline Beecham Biologicals)]临时(使用当天)溶于与PD缀合的11价肺炎球菌荚膜多糖(血清型1、3、4、5、6B、7F、9V、14、18C、19F和23F)(每剂每种缀合物中1μg多糖)的液体溶液中。肺炎球菌疫苗预先已吸附至0.5mg Al3+(例如AlPO4)。
实施例5:对实施例4疫苗的临床试验
将实施例4的疫苗和对照疫苗以三剂(年龄为3个月、4个月、5个月)方案给予德国婴儿。
如下是免疫应答结果(最后一次初次给药后1个月测量的结果)。
抗肺炎球菌IgG抗体:GMC(μg/ml)(Elisa)
A组=11Pn-PD+Infanrix-HeXaTM(Infanrix-Penta加上所加的Hib缀合物)
D组=11Pn-PD/Hib+Infanrix-PeNTaTM
+表示同时给予(在不同肢体),而不是混合给予。
抗体浓度不低于0.5μg/ml的受治疗者百分比
组别 | PS1 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6B | 7F | 7V | 14 | 18C | 19F | 23F |
D | 84.8 | 87.9 | 87.9 | 90.9 | 51.5 | 90.9 | 93.9 | 97.0 | 81.8 | 97.0 | 72.7 |
A | 86.7 | 96.7 | 76.7 | 90.0 | 50.0 | 93.3 | 90.0 | 90.0 | 80.0 | 96.7 | 66.7 |
抗PRP抗体:GMC(μg/ml)(Elisa)
100%受治疗者的抗PRP(Hib多糖)抗体浓度不低于1.0μg/ml。
Hiberix(非吸附型Hib-TT缀合物)的GMC在相似的给药方案后约为6 μg/ml。
所有血清型而言,接受11Pn-PD/Hib的疫苗婴儿的ELISA抗体免疫应答类似于接受11Pn-PD疫苗的婴儿所观察到的免疫应答,例外的是观察到11Pn-PD/Hib疫苗的血清型1、3和9V几何平均浓度降低趋势。然而,这些差异没有显著性,证据是95%置信区间相互重叠。
11Pn-PD/Hib疫苗诱导针对所有11种血清型的功能性(调理吞噬)抗体。
将Hib疫苗与肺炎球菌缀合物疫苗混合没有显著干扰肺炎球菌免疫应答,且与注册的疫苗Infanrix-HeXa和Hiberix相比,令人惊奇地增强抗PRP应答。
实施例6:对DTPwHepB疫苗中低剂量Hib效应的临床试验
进行随机试验以评价SB Biologicals DTPwHepB(TritanrixTM-HB)疫苗中不同剂量Hib-TT缀合物疫苗在年龄6周、10周和14周的健康婴儿中初次接种的免疫原性。
544名受治疗者(分成4组,每组136名)给予下述疫苗:组1:与全剂量的Hib-TT(PRP 10μg;TT 10-20μg;乳糖12.6μg;铝[盐]0.15mg)临时混合的DTPw-HepB;组2:与半剂量的Hib-TT(PRP 5μg;TT 10-20μg;乳糖10μg;铝[盐]0.0755mg)临时混合的DTPw-HepB;组3:与四分之一剂量的Hib-TT(PRP 2.5μg;TT 5-10μg;乳糖10μg;铝[盐]0.036mg)临时混合的DTPw-HepB;组4:与全剂量的Hib-TT同时给予(在不同的肢体)的DTPw-HepB。
第三次给药后1个月抗PRP抗体的几何平均效价(GMT)如下:
低剂量制剂令人惊奇地具有最高GMT值。如果Hib-TT疫苗为非吸附型,这种效应甚至更高。
Claims (18)
1.一种多价免疫原性组合物,所述组合物保护宿主抵抗由百日咳博德特氏菌(Bordetella pertussis)、破伤风梭菌(Clostridium tetani)、白喉棒杆菌(Corynebacterium diphtheriae)、乙型肝炎病毒、流感嗜血菌和脑膜炎奈瑟氏球菌引起的疾病,所述组合物包含:
a)灭活全细胞百日咳博德特氏菌,
b)破伤风类毒素,
c)白喉类毒素,
d)乙型肝炎表面抗原,
e)载体蛋白和多糖量为5μg的流感嗜血菌B型荚膜多糖的缀合物,
f)载体蛋白和选自脑膜炎奈瑟氏球菌A型和脑膜炎奈瑟氏球菌C型的细菌的荚膜多糖的一种或多种缀合物,其中荚膜多糖的多糖量为5μg,
其中所用的载体蛋白选自破伤风类毒素和流感嗜血菌D蛋白,且其中所述组分a)、b)、c)和d)配制为Tritanrix-HepB。
2.权利要求1的多价免疫原性组合物,所述组合物还包含载体蛋白和选自脑膜炎奈瑟氏球菌Y型和脑膜炎奈瑟氏球菌W型的细菌的荚膜多糖的一种或多种缀合物。
3.权利要求1的多价免疫原性组合物,所述组合物还包含灭活减毒甲型肝炎病毒。
4.权利要求1的多价免疫原性组合物,所述组合物还包含灭活脊髓灰质炎病毒。
5.权利要求1的多价免疫原性组合物,所述组合物还包含佐剂。
6.权利要求5的多价免疫原性组合物,其中所述佐剂是铝盐。
7.权利要求1-6中任一项所述的多价免疫原性组合物,所述组合物用于药物。
8.权利要求1-6中任一项所述的多价免疫原性组合物在生产用于治疗或预防百日咳博德特氏菌、破伤风梭菌、白喉棒杆菌、乙型肝炎病毒、流感嗜血菌和脑膜炎奈瑟氏球菌感染性疾病的药物中的应用。
9.一种制备权利要求1-6中任一项所述的多价免疫原性组合物的方法,所述方法包括将所述各个组分混合在一起的步骤。
10.一种多价免疫原性组合物,所述组合物包含灭活全细胞百日咳博德特氏菌、破伤风类毒素、白喉类毒素、乙型肝炎表面抗原以及载体蛋白破伤风类毒素和流感嗜血菌B型荚膜多糖的缀合物,其中每0.5mL剂量的疫苗原液中的缀合物中的多糖量是2-6μg。
11.权利要求10的多价免疫原性组合物,其中每0.5mL剂量的疫苗原液中的缀合物中的多糖量是3-6μg。
12.权利要求10的多价免疫原性组合物,其中每0.5mL剂量的疫苗原液中的缀合物中的多糖量是约5μg。
13.权利要求10的多价免疫原性组合物,其中每0.5mL剂量的疫苗原液中的缀合物中的多糖量是约2.5μg。
14.权利要求12-13中任一项所述的多价免疫原性组合物,其中所述载体蛋白和流感嗜血菌B型荚膜多糖的缀合物未吸附至铝盐佐剂上。
15.疫苗,其包含权利要求1-6或10-14中任一项所述的多价免疫原性组合物以及药学上可接受的赋形剂。
16.权利要求10-14中任一项所述的多价免疫原性组合物,所述组合物用于药物。
17.权利要求10-14中任一项所述的多价免疫原性组合物在生产用于治疗或预防百日咳博德特氏菌、破伤风梭菌、白喉棒杆菌、流感嗜血菌和任选的乙型肝炎病毒感染性疾病的药物中的应用。
18.制备权利要求15的疫苗的方法,所述方法包括将权利要求1-6或10-14中任一项所述的多价免疫原性组合物与药学上可接受的赋形剂混合。
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