CN101678590A - 氟树脂管及其制造方法 - Google Patents

氟树脂管及其制造方法 Download PDF

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CN101678590A
CN101678590A CN200880015562A CN200880015562A CN101678590A CN 101678590 A CN101678590 A CN 101678590A CN 200880015562 A CN200880015562 A CN 200880015562A CN 200880015562 A CN200880015562 A CN 200880015562A CN 101678590 A CN101678590 A CN 101678590A
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fluororesin
tube
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黑川正树
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Gunze Ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供一种大直径薄壁氟树脂管及其制造方法,其即便在大直径(例如φ100mm或更大)下也具有优异的壁厚精度和低取向度。具体而言,本发明涉及一种氟树脂管,其平均厚度为70μm或更小,外径为100mm或更大,其中管厚度的变化在所述平均管厚度的±20%以内,且取向度(F)在0.25-0.55范围内。

Description

氟树脂管及其制造方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种氟树脂管,特别是用作采用电子照相系统的成像装置如复印机、打印机和传真机等用的带的表面剥离层的氟树脂管。
具体而言,本发明涉及一种可用作电子照相用的带的剥离层的氟树脂管。这样的剥离层的实例包括显影单元(其将调色剂显影在光电导体上所形成的静电潜像上)的显影套筒的表面层;用于将显影的调色剂图像转印到记录材料如纸等上的中间转印带的表面层;将转印的调色剂图像定影在记录材料上的定影带的表面层;用于转印和定影的转印-定影带的表面层等。
背景技术
氟树脂管具有优异的电绝缘性、耐热性和可剥离性等,因此可用作采用电子照相系统的成像装置用的带的表面剥离层。这样的带表面剥离层需要具有高品质、薄壁且壁厚和直径没有变化。
迄今为止,氟树脂管已通过熔融氟树脂并通过模头挤出熔融的氟树脂来制造。挤出用内周或外周限制装置进行使得所制造的氟树脂管可保持其正圆形(专利文献1、2等)。
近来,需要进一步改进图像质量,这要求足够宽的无压印刷宽度。因此,已在增大定影带的直径方面取得进展以满足此要求。
对于直径小到小于
Figure G2008800155626D00011
100mm的常规薄壁氟树脂管,挤出的管形树脂可通过自身保持其刚性;因此可获得正圆形的管,同时获得足够的厚度精度。对于直径大到
Figure G2008800155626D00012
100mm或更大的管,挤出的管形树脂的厚度对于其直径来说不足,从而导致缺少刚性,因而在重力下引起挠曲。这将使所制造的管不能保持均匀的性质和壁厚,从而导致周向上管性质和厚度的变化大。为此,制造可满足市场需要的大直径薄壁管是困难的。
此外,当氟树脂管具有高取向度时,在辊或带的形成或实际使用过程中其表面上易于出现缺陷如破裂或撕裂。当氟树脂管的直径大到
Figure G2008800155626D00021
100mm或更大时,取向度将改变并倾向于增高。因此需要加以改进。引文列表
专利文献
[PTL 1]日本未审查专利公开6-143389
[PTL 2]日本未审查实用新型公开7-033624
发明内容
技术问题
本发明的一个目的是提供大直径薄壁氟树脂管及其制造方法,其即便在大直径(例如
Figure G2008800155626D00022
100mm或更大)下也具有优异的壁厚精度和稳定的低取向度。
技术方案
本发明人发现,当氟树脂管的平均厚度与其平均外径相比不足时,例如当管的平均外径与其平均厚度相比特别大时,氟树脂管的刚性将不足而将因其制造工艺在重力下发生挠曲。这将导致壁厚精度低及树脂取向度增高。特别地,当大直径管的平均外径为
Figure G2008800155626D00023
100mm或更大时,周向的壁厚精度显著变差且树脂的取向度将进一步增高。因此,鉴于上述问题,本发明人探寻出了制造具有优异壁厚精度和低取向度的大直径氟树脂管的方法。
为解决上述问题,本发明人开展了广泛的研究并获得如下发现。即,具有均匀厚度的氟树脂管可通过在氟树脂熔融挤出机的出口处使熔融挤出的圆筒形氟树脂管的外表面和内表面分别与外径限制夹具和内径限制夹具接触,同时在管内鼓风以向其施加内压力来制造。使用上面的方法,即便平均外径大到
Figure G2008800155626D00024
100mm或更大的大直径管也可保持其圆筒形状而不发生挠曲。
本发明人还发现,管形状可通过提供带有限制氟树脂管内表面的夹具的空气引入管(空气管)并从空气引入管向所述管内施加合适的内压力来保持,从而通过从空气管施加的空气压力来限制所述管的外表面。
此外,本发明人还有如下发现:圆筒形保护器可与金属模具一起提供,以从氟树脂管被熔融挤出之处到所述管与内径限制夹具接触之处将氟树脂管的外周围住;由此,可以进一步最小化因外部气流引起的熔融态管的温度降低和温度不均匀性;可恒定控制管与内径限制夹具接触的位置;可防止树脂取向中的扰动。因此,通过提供上述圆筒形保护器可制造具有优异壁厚精度和低取向度的氟树脂管。
基于上述发现,本发明人开展了进一步的研究并完成了本发明。
具体而言,本发明提供氟树脂管及其制造方法,如下所概述。
1.一种氟树脂管,其平均厚度为70μm或更小,外径为100mm或更大,其中管厚度的变化在平均管厚度的±20%以内,且取向度(F)在0.25-0.55范围内。
2.根据项1的氟树脂管,其中所述氟树脂是选自PFA、FEP、ETFE及其混合物中的至少一个成员。
3.根据项1或2的氟树脂管,所述氟树脂管无折痕。
4.一种制造氟树脂管的方法,所述方法包括:
将氟树脂熔融挤出以制造管形氟树脂;和
使所述管形氟树脂的外表面和内表面分别与外径限制夹具和内径限制夹具接触,同时向所述管形氟树脂内施加内压力以保持其管形状。
5.根据项4的制造氟树脂管的方法,其中使所述管形氟树脂的内表面与内径限制夹具接触,然后使所述管形氟树脂的外表面与外径限制夹具接触。
6.根据项5的制造氟树脂管的方法,其中与金属模具一起提供的圆筒形保护器将管形氟树脂的外周围在管形氟树脂与内径限制夹具接触的区域。
7.一种采用电子照相系统的成像装置用的带的表面剥离层,所述表面剥离层包含项1-3中任一项的氟树脂管。
下面对本发明进行详细描述。
氟树脂管
根据本发明的氟树脂管为具有大直径的薄壁氟树脂管。所述氟树脂管的特征是平均厚度为70μm或更小,外径为100mm或更大,其中管厚度的变化在平均管厚度的±20%以内,取向度(F)在0.25-0.55范围内。
可用于形成本发明的氟树脂管的氟树脂的实例包括聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)、四氟乙烯-全氟烷基乙烯基醚共聚物(PFA)、四氟乙烯-六氟丙烯共聚物(FEP)、四氟乙烯-全氟甲基乙烯基醚共聚物(MFA)、四氟乙烯-全氟乙基乙烯基醚共聚物(EFA)、聚乙烯-四氟乙烯(ETFE)、聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)、聚氯三氟乙烯(PCTFE)和聚氟乙烯(PVF)等。其中,特别是就耐热性、机械性质等而言,优选PFA、FEP、ETFE及其混合物。
氟树脂可含填料。可用的填料不受限制,只要其适合熔融挤出即可。这样的填料的实例包括硫酸钡、合成云母、石墨和碳黑等。
本发明的氟树脂管的平均厚度为70μm或更小,优选30-60μm,更优选30-50μm。本文中所用的“管的平均厚度”指在总共80个测量点处测得的厚度的平均值,其中10个测量点沿管的中心轴向等间距地确定,再分别基于这10个点沿周向等间距地确定8个测量点。
本发明的氟树脂管的外径为100mm或更大,优选100-200mm,更优选100-180mm。本文中所用的“管的外径”指具有正圆形的管的外径。具体而言,外径通过测定对折后管的宽度(对折宽度)、将测得的宽度乘以2、然后除以π来计算。
本发明的氟树脂管的厚度变化在平均厚度的±20%以内。具体而言,在总共80个点处测得的厚度均落在平均厚度的±20%以内,其中10个点沿被切成指定长度600mm的管的中心轴向等间距地确定,再分别基于这10个点沿周向等间距地确定8个点(参见图3)。也就是说,如果平均厚度为100%,则在80个点中每处测得的厚度均落在80-120%范围内。厚度的变化优选在平均厚度的±15%或更小的范围内、更优选±10%或更小的范围内。
本发明的氟树脂管的取向度(F)为0.25-0.55,优选0.30-0.50,更优选0.35-0.45。关于取向度,对于被切成指定长度600mm的管,从沿中心轴向任意确定的一个点开始沿周向等间距地确定四个点;在这四个点处测定氟树脂结晶峰的方位角的衍射强度分布。以测定值的平均值表示取向度。取向度用下式计算:
F=(180-α)/180
其中α为取向峰的半宽。
氟树脂管的制造工艺
本发明的氟树脂管通过熔融挤出氟树脂并使挤出的管形氟树脂的外表面和内表面分别与外径限制夹具和内径限制夹具接触,同时向所述管形氟树脂内施加内压力以保持氟树脂的管形状来制造。因此,如上面所解释的,所述氟树脂管即便在大直径下也具有优异的壁厚精度和低取向度。
具体而言,将前面提到的氟树脂供给到挤出机料斗中,然后使之通过环形模头熔融挤出。使挤出的管形树脂的外表面和内表面分别与两种夹具接触,各夹具限制一种直径。由此可改进壁厚精度。直径限制夹具的材料可为例如金属如黄铜。可在与管形树脂接触的夹具表面上进行任选的工艺。在这两个直径限制夹具内有冷却水流动(循环)以通过与之接触而快速冷却挤出的管形熔融树脂。以如上方式可确定管的直径。夹具的温度通常保持在约10℃到约90℃。
与管形树脂的内表面接触的直径限制夹具(内径限制夹具)呈圆筒形。管形树脂与该直径限制夹具的外表面接触以被快速冷却。该夹具例如通过支撑杆被固定在金属模具上。在该夹具支撑杆的中心有管孔,空气可通过其传送或引入。
与管形树脂的外表面接触的直径限制夹具(外径限制夹具)呈环形。管形树脂将与该环的内表面接触以被快速冷却。
本发明的制造工艺的特征是使用前面提到的两种直径限制夹具。使用限制管的内表面的夹具和限制管的外表面的夹具的顺序不是关键的。换句话说,可先使管形氟树脂的内表面与内径限制夹具接触,然后使其外表面与外径限制夹具接触。或者,可先使管形氟树脂的外表面与外径限制夹具接触,然后使其内表面与内径限制夹具接触。优选前者。
下面参照图2描述一个其中通过经环形模头熔融挤出而形成的管形氟树脂先与内径限制夹具接触、然后与外径限制夹具接触的实例。
使经环形模头熔融挤出的管形氟树脂与内径限制夹具接触。由此可适当地保持熔融的管形,同时获得低的树脂取向度。在上面的步骤中,优选圆筒形保护器(取向控制覆盖物)与金属模具一起提供,以将熔融管的外周围在所述管与内径限制夹具接触的区域。这是因为这样的保护器可防止扰动(如流经管的气流等)并可保持管的热量以处于熔融态。可用于圆筒形保护器的材料不受限制,只要该圆筒形保护器可被固定在金属模具上并可阻挡外部气流即可。材料的实例包括不锈钢和铝等。
由于通过空气管1引入的空气,故下面所述的外径限制夹具的内部处于略微加压的状态下。因此,优选提供空气管2,其穿过内径限制夹具以使由所述经环形模头熔融挤出的管和所述内径限制夹具围住的空间中的压力与空气通过空气管1引入其中的空间中的压力相平等。可提供一个或更多个空气管2。
上面的构造是优选的,因为可使保持其均匀形状的熔融管与内径限制夹具接触,由此,可更适当地保持管形树脂的内表面形状。另外,优选上面的构造还因为熔融管与内径限制夹具接触的位置可恒定控制且树脂取向的扰动也可最小化。
其后,移向外径限制夹具的管形树脂因通过位于内径限制夹具的支撑杆中心处的管孔(空气管1)施加的空气压力而与外径限制夹具的内表面紧密接触以被冷却。由此可获得具有均匀厚度精度和低取向度的正圆形管。在与两个直径限制夹具接触后,管形树脂被卷到辊上,同时保持其形状。
如上所述,通过使用内径和外径限制夹具并通过引入空气而施加内压力来形成管形氟树脂,如此制造的管即便具有大直径也不会因其自身重量而发生挠曲,并且还可以防止管不均匀地接触冷却点(即限制夹具)。
另外,与金属模具一起提供的圆筒形保护器(取向控制覆盖物)可减少管与内径限制夹具接触前施加在管上的扰动的影响;此外,所述圆筒形保护器可保持管温。由此,可制造具有优异的厚度精度(特别是周向厚度精度)和低取向度的管。
所制造的管由卷取辊对折并卷绕在卷取芯上。卷取辊可调节至辊宽度比对折后的管宽度窄使得各个管侧面均不被挤压(夹紧)。由此可制造无折痕的高质量管。
本发明的氟树脂管可优选用作采用电子照相系统的成像装置用的带的表面剥离层。这样的剥离层的实例包括显影单元(其将调色剂显影在光电导体上形成的静电潜像上)的显影套筒的表面层;用于将显影的调色剂图像转印到记录材料如纸等上的中间转印带的表面层;将转印的调色剂图像定影在记录材料上的定影带的表面层;和用于转印和定影的转印-定影带的表面层等。
本发明的有利效果
即便平均外径为
Figure G2008800155626D00071
100mm或更大,本发明的氟树脂管也具有优异的壁厚精度和低取向度。由于上述氟树脂管的壁厚精度优异,因此壁厚变化足够小。因此,当使用上述氟树脂管作为带表面剥离层时可因均匀的导热性等可实现令人满意的成像。上述氟树脂管的取向度低到0.55或更小;因此可使定影辊或带的形成过程中或形成后的实际使用中管破裂或撕裂的发生率最小化。
因此,本发明的氟树脂管优选用作采用电子照相系统的成像装置用的带的表面剥离层。
附图简述
图1示出了根据已知工艺形成氟树脂管的实例。
图2示出了根据本发明的工艺形成氟树脂管的实例。
图3示出了氟树脂管厚度的测量点(总共80个点)。
实施方案的描述
下文将参照实施例更详细地描述本发明。但本发明不限于此。
所制造的氟树脂管评价如下。
管厚度
平均管壁厚度以总共80个测量点处厚度的平均值表示,其中10个点沿管的中心轴向等间距地确定,再分别基于这10个点沿周向等间距地确定8个测量点(参见图3)。使用Mitutoyo Corporation生产的千分尺测量壁厚。
取向度(F)
对于被切成指定长度600mm的管,从沿中心轴向任意确定的一个点开始沿周向等间距地确定的某些位置处切出四个样件(轴向×周向:2×1cm)。对这四个样件测定氟树脂结晶峰的方位角的衍射强度分布。以测定值的平均值表示取向度。测定取向度所用的设备和条件如下。
设备:Rigaku Corporation的产品RINT2550
辅助设备:纤维样品表
X-射线源:CuKα
输出:40kV,370mA
检测器:闪烁计数器
将四个样件(2×1cm)中的每一个直接固定在固定器上并在全视图下测定。以各样品的轴向(MD向)作为标准轴,测定氟树脂结晶峰的方位角(约2θ=18°)的衍射强度分布。取向度用下式计算。
F=(180-α)/180
其中α为取向峰的半宽。
实施例1
如下所述通过使熔点为310℃的PFA(MFR=2.1g/10分钟)经环形模头熔融挤出制得外径为150mm、平均厚度为29μm的PFA管。
提供两种直径限制夹具以冷却和固化经环形模头熔融挤出的管并限制管直径至特定的值。此外,提供圆筒形金属保护器以将管围在管与夹具接触的区域。参见图2。
首先,设置挤出的管的内表面与第一冷却和直径限制夹具接触。夹具内有冷却水流动(循环)。夹具的支撑杆中心提供有管孔,空气可通过其引入。通过管孔引入室温下的空气来施加内压力以防止管在与内径限制夹具接触后下垂。
此外,预先提供另一冷却和直径限制夹具,该夹具接触管的外表面。在管的内表面与内径限制夹具接触后立即使管的外表面与上面的另一冷却和直径限制夹具接触。用压紧辊将制得的管对折并卷绕在芯上。
所得管的平均厚度为29μm。在80个点中的每一个处测得的管厚度均在管的平均厚度的±10.3%范围内。管的取向度(F)为0.34。
实施例2
以与实施例1中相同的方式制造PFA管,不同的是该PFA管的外径为165mm、厚度为33μm。
所得管的平均厚度为33μm。在80个点中每处测得的管厚度均在管的平均厚度的±9.1%范围内。管的取向度(F)为0.50。
对比例1
以与实施例1中相同的方式制造管,不同的是不进行通过引入空气在管内施加压力的操作。
所得管的平均厚度为32μm。在80个点中每处测得的管厚度均在管的平均厚度的±25.0%范围内。管的取向度(F)为0.58。
对比例2
以与实施例1中相同的方式制造管,不同的是移走圆筒形金属保护器且不使管的外表面与冷却和直径限制夹具接触。
所得管的平均厚度为30μm。在80个点中每处测得的管厚度均在管的平均厚度的±26.7%范围内。管的取向度(F)为0.65。

Claims (7)

1.一种氟树脂管,所述氟树脂管的平均厚度为70μm或更小,外径为100mm或更大,其中管厚度的变化在所述平均管厚度的±20%以内,并且取向度(F)在0.25-0.55范围内。
2.根据权利要求1的氟树脂管,其中所述氟树脂是选自PFA、FEP、ETFE及其混合物中的至少一个成员。
3.根据权利要求1或2的氟树脂管,所述氟树脂管无折痕。
4.一种制造氟树脂管的方法,所述方法包括:
将氟树脂熔融挤出以制造管形氟树脂;和
使所述管形氟树脂的外表面和内表面分别与外径限制夹具和内径限制夹具接触,同时向所述管形氟树脂内施加内压力以保持其管形状。
5.根据权利要求4的制造氟树脂管的方法,其中使所述管形氟树脂的内表面与所述内径限制夹具接触,然后使所述管形氟树脂的外表面与所述外径限制夹具接触。
6.根据权利要求5的制造氟树脂管的方法,其中与金属模具一起提供的圆筒形保护器将所述管形氟树脂的外周围在所述管形氟树脂与所述内径限制夹具接触的区域。
7.一种采用电子照相系统的成像装置用的带的表面剥离层,所述表面剥离层包含权利要求1-3中任一项的氟树脂管。
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