CN101677861A - 具有钴支承面的多孔金属杯 - Google Patents

具有钴支承面的多孔金属杯 Download PDF

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CN101677861A
CN101677861A CN200880008732A CN200880008732A CN101677861A CN 101677861 A CN101677861 A CN 101677861A CN 200880008732 A CN200880008732 A CN 200880008732A CN 200880008732 A CN200880008732 A CN 200880008732A CN 101677861 A CN101677861 A CN 101677861A
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acetabular cup
cup
supporting member
porous metals
solid
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CN101677861B (zh
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杰森·D·梅里德
特罗伊·W·赫什伯格
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Biomet Manufacturing LLC
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Biomet Manufacturing LLC
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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
  • Transplantation (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Cardiology (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
  • Prostheses (AREA)
  • Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Abstract

一种髋臼杯组件(10)可包括杯部和支承件。所述杯部可包括具有第一厚度的多孔金属外层和具有第二厚度的纯钛内层。配合特征部可形成在所述杯部与所述支承件之间。所述支承件适于选择性地紧固到所述钛内层。在一个实例中,所述支承件由钴形成。

Description

具有钴支承面的多孔金属杯
本申请要求2007年2月22日递交的美国专利申请11/709,549的优先权,该美国专利申请为2006年10月11日递交的美国专利申请11/546,500的部分继续申请案,并且还是2006年2月17日递交的美国专利申请11/357,868的部分继续申请案。美国专利申请11/546,500为2006年2月17日递交的美国专利申请11/357,868的部分继续申请案,而后者为2005年12月5日递交的美国专利申请11/294,692的部分继续申请案。美国专利申请11/357,868为2005年12月5日递交的美国专利申请11/294,692的部分继续申请案,而后者为2005年4月21日递交的美国专利申请11/111,123的部分继续申请案。以上申请的全部内容通过引用合并于此。
技术领域
本发明涉及多孔植入物,更具体而言,涉及一种包括用于促进骨生长的多孔金属杯和钴支承件的髋臼杯组件。
背景技术
多孔涂覆植入物曾被用于促进包覆骨组织的生物固定。在一个实例中,多孔材料可涂覆在修复植入物的外表面,以促进包覆骨生长到多孔材料的孔空间中。典型地,多孔涂层可包括不锈钢、钛、钛合金、钽、钴铬合金、陶瓷、聚合物和其它适于使用在生物相容环境中的材料。曾采用各种结合方法将多孔涂层连接到希望的修复植入物。例如,锡焊、铜焊、粘接、激光焊、扩散结合、冶金粘合和机械接合曾被示出适于将多孔材料连接到希望的植入物。
发明内容
一种髋臼杯组件可包括杯部和钴支承件。所述杯部可包括具有第一厚度的多孔金属外层和具有第二厚度的纯钛内层。配合或互锁特征部可形成在所述杯部与所述钴支承件之间。所述钴支承件可适于选择性地紧固到所述钛内层。
根据各种特征,所述杯部的边缘区域可全部由纯钛形成。所述边缘区域的内表面可为锥形,以容纳由所述钴支承件形成的锥形外表面。从所述边缘区域到所述多孔金属外层的过渡部可包括形成在所述纯钛内层中的第一环形袋。第二环形袋可形成在所述多孔金属外层中。第一环形唇可围绕所述纯钛内层延伸,并容纳在所述第二环形袋内。第二环形唇可围绕所述多孔金属外层延伸,并容纳在所述第一环形袋内。
根据各种特征,所述多孔金属外层可适于在热处理过程中被连接到所述纯钛层。所述钴支承件可适于在与所述杯部组装之前被冷却。
本发明进一步的适用领域根据以下提供的详细描述将变得明显。应该理解的是,表示本发明优选实施例的详细描述和具体实例仅出于例示的目的,并不致力于限制本发明的范围。
附图说明
本发明根据详细的描述和附图将会被更为全面地理解,其中:
图1为根据本发明的包括实心特征部的多孔金属杯的透视图;
图1A为限定图1的多孔金属杯的顶孔的示例性实心塞的细节图;
图2为例示出将图1的固定特征部附接到多孔金属杯的示例性方法的组装顺序;
图3至6为根据另外特征的包括实心特征部的多孔金属杯的透视图;
图7为根据本发明的示例性多孔金属加强部的透视图;
图7A和7B为根据另外特征的示例性多孔金属加强部的透视图;
图8和9为显示图7的示例性多孔金属加强部与示例性多孔金属壳协作的透视图;
图10为根据另外特征的包括实心金属边缘的多孔金属壳的透视图;
图11为图10的多孔金属壳沿线11-11截取的剖视图;
图12为示例性组装步骤的侧视图,其中实心金属边缘放置在穹顶周围;
图13为示例性组装步骤,其中多孔金属在冷等静压机与实心金属边缘设置在一起;
图14示出示例性组装步骤,其中多孔金属壳和实心边缘被放置在熔炉内;
图15示出根据本发明的适于在植入过程中与实心金属边缘配合的组装工具;
图16示出图15的组装工具与实心金属边缘配合在一起;
图17为图15的组装工具与多孔金属杯的分解图;
图18为图15的组装工具与示例性冲击把手协作的透视图;
图19为沿图18的线19-19截取的剖视图;
图20为根据另外特征的多孔金属杯的剖面图;
图21为根据另外特征的具有实心金属中间层的多孔金属杯的剖面图;
图22为根据另外特征的显示具有预定通道的的图21的多孔金属杯的剖面图;
图23为图21的多孔金属杯显示处于植入位置的局部透视图;
图24为根据另外特征的示例性多孔金属杯的剖视图;
图25为根据另外特征的示例性多孔金属杯的剖视图;
图26为根据另外特征的示例性多孔金属杯的透视图;
图27示出根据本发明的适于在植入过程中与实心金属边缘配合的组装工具;
图28示出图27的组装工具与实心金属边缘配合在一起;
图29为图27的组装工具与多孔金属杯的分解图;
图30为图27的组装工具与示例性冲击把手协作的透视图;
图31为沿图30的线31-31截取的剖视图;
图32示出根据本发明的适于在植入过程中与实心金属边缘配合的组装工具;
图33示出图32的组装工具与实心金属边缘配合在一起;
图34为图32的组装工具与多孔金属杯的分解图;
图35为图32的组装工具与示例性冲击把手协作的透视图;
图36为沿图35的线36-36截取的剖视图;
图37示出根据本发明的适于在植入过程中与实心金属边缘配合的组装工具;
图38示出图37的组装工具与实心金属边缘配合在一起;
图39为图37的组装工具与多孔金属杯的分解图;
图40为图37的组装工具与示例性冲击把手协作的透视图;
图41为沿图40的线41-41截取的剖视图;
图42为包括根据另外特征的实心金属边缘并被示出为与钴支承件组装之前处于热处理的多孔金属壳;
图43为根据另外特征的并被示出为与钴支承件组装之前处于冷却处理的钴支承件;
图44A为图42和图43的多孔金属壳和钴支承件在组装前的分解剖视图;
图44B为根据另外特征的具有锥形配合表面的多孔金属壳和钴支承件的分解剖视图;并且
图45为根据另外特征的被示出在容纳根据一个实例的钴支承件前植入髋臼中的多孔金属壳的剖视图。
具体实施方式
以下实施例的描述本质上仅是示例性的,无论如何都不致力于限制本发明、其应用或使用。而且,尽管本发明结合用于髋关节的髋臼杯进行描述,但本领域技术人员可理解的是,本发明可包括用于人体的各种矫形植入物,例如膝关节、肩关节和其它关节。因此,应理解的是,本发明的示例性实施例并不意味着限制本发明。
参见图1-6,根据本发明构成的一系列髋臼杯被示出,并大体上由附图标记10a-10e标识。髋臼杯10a-10e大体上限定具有内表面14a-14e和外表面16a-16e的壳12a-12e。多个实心特征部20a-20e被设置在壳10a-10d的外表面16a-16d的周围(图1-5)或壳10e内(图6)。在一个实例中,壳12a-12e可全部由从内表面14a-14d延伸到外表面16a-16d的多孔金属22形成。多孔金属22可包括不锈钢、钛、钛合金、钴铬合金和其它适于使用在生物相容环境中的材料。实心特征部20a-20e可由非多孔金属形成,例如不锈钢、钛、钛合金、钴铬合金和其它适于使用在生物相容环境中的材料。外表面16a-16e可适于容纳植入后的骨生长。根据一些实施例(图1-3),从外表面16a-16b延伸的实心特征部20a-20b适于刺入植入位置的骨头。如将更为详细的描述,实心特征部20a-20d可被模制到多孔金属杯10a-10d中或在随后的连接步骤中添加。
具体参见图1,实心特征部20a可包括多个穿孔件或刺针28。刺针28可如图1所示被模制到多孔金属杯10a中,或者可替换地,如图2所示在随后的连接步骤中被附接到多孔金属杯10a。在一个实例中,孔30可诸如通过钻头32等形成。刺针28的近侧柄34然后可插入通过孔30,并诸如通过粘合或焊接等被紧固。在一个实例中,一些或所有刺针可在与多孔金属杯10a的外表面的交界处具有减小的材料厚度(见设置在刺针28’上的柄29)。这样,一些或所有刺针可通过诸如手动或利用冲击工具等脱离多孔金属杯10a。限定顶孔的实心塞36(图1A)可被拧入而与杯插入工具配合。尽管实心塞36被特别示出在多孔金属杯10a上,但实心塞36可被设置在本文所公开的任意髋臼杯上。
参见图3,具有内表面14b和外表面16b的多孔金属被10b被示出。多个实心特征部20b可包括模制到多孔金属杯10b中的翼片38。翼片38可被设置在壳12b的外表面16b周围。翼片38大体上限定从壳12b的外表面16b向外延伸的平面部分40。尽管未具体示出,翼片38可替换地可以在随后的连接步骤中被附接到多孔金属杯10b,如参照多孔金属杯10a(图2)所述。在一个实例中,一些翼片38可共同操作性地脱离壳12b的外表面16b。类似于如上所述的脱离刺针28’,一些或所有翼片可在与多孔金属杯10a的外表面的交界处具有减小的材料厚度(见设置在翼片38’上的指部39)。这样,一些或所有翼片可通过诸如手动或利用冲击工具等脱离多孔金属杯10a。
如图4所示,实心特征部20c可包括适于容纳在限定通过壳12c的孔44中的中空柱体42。同样,实心特征部20c可与多孔金属壳12c一同模制,或者可替换地,在形成多孔金属壳12c之后添加。这样,多个孔44可在多孔金属壳12c的成型阶段限定,或者通过诸如钻孔(例如见图2)等机械操作而形成。中空柱体42可通过诸如粘合或焊接等任意适当的方法被附接到壳12c。在一个实例中,中空柱体可适于在植入过程中容纳诸如通过孔44的接骨螺钉等紧固件。在一个实例中,孔44’的内径45和中空柱体42’的外径46可成锥形以利于压配合。
图5示出具有内表面14d和外表面16d的多孔金属杯12d。多个实心特征部20d可包括索环48。在一个实例中,索环48可共同操作地用于在壳12d的未用孔44处形成屏障。在一个实例中,孔44’的内径45和索环48’的外径49可成锥形以利于压配合。
图6示出在成型阶段与多孔金属壳12e整体形成的半球厚边50。半球厚边50可包括例如钛的非多孔生物相容金属。半球厚边50可适于对多孔金属壳12e提供支撑结构。
参见图7,加强部52被示出。加强部52可由诸如本文公开的材料之一的多孔金属形成。诸如接骨刺针或接骨螺钉58等一系列实心特征部20被示为从加强部52延伸。在一个实例中,接骨螺钉58可被共同操作地插入穿过设置通过加强部52的一系列孔60(图7)。可提供具有各种尺寸和/或孔隙度的一系列加强部。例如,图7A和图7B示出具有一系列孔60’和外径向壁70’的加强部52’。图8和图9示出与髋臼杯10f相邻的加强部52。髋臼杯10f可由诸如本文所公开的多孔金属形成。一系列孔64可形成在髋臼杯10f上,用于在植入过程中容纳紧固件(未具体示出)。孔64的构造和方位仅为示例性的。可以理解的是,所示出的加强部可替换地可以与诸如本文公开的其它髋臼杯一同使用。如所示,加强部52的外径向壁70(图7)与杯10f的外径向壁72并排协作。在一个实例中,聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)骨接合剂74可用于将加强部52结合到髋臼杯10f。也可使用例如机械连接的其它连接技术。加强部52可用于填充与髋臼杯10f相邻的区域,例如骨缺损被移除的区域。
现在将描述制造根据本发明的髋臼杯10a-10f的示例性方法。在一个实例中,诸如钛粉末或钴铬合金粉末等金属粉末和诸如碳酸氢铵和/或d柠烯等粘合剂的混合物可一同化合成均匀混合物。在一个实例中,金属粉末和粘合剂可放置在诸如袋的密封装置中并被密封。袋然后可被放置在限定相反的髋臼壳和施加压力的冷等静压机(CIP)中。CIP将混合物成形为髋臼壳的形状。实心特征部12a-12e可利用CIP同时模制在多孔金属中,或者可替换地在后来诸如通过机械操作被添加。髋臼杯10a-10f然后可被放置在熔炉中,并被烘烤到适于烧掉粘合剂的预定期限。一个示例性循环包括长达12小时、400摄氏度。如果必要,可在实心特征部12a-12e上进行随后的机加工。用于制造多孔髋臼杯的其它示例性方法可在共同未决申请、名称为“用于形成多孔金属植入物的方法和设备”、亦受让于印第安那州的拜欧麦特制造公司的美国专利11/357,929(代理人申请案编号5490-000486)中查到,该申请通过引用合并于此。
现在参见图10和图11,具有多孔金属壳12g和实心环或边缘80形式的整体模制的实心特征部20g的髋臼杯10g被示出。实心环80可由生物相容金属形成,例如但不限于纯钛或钛合金。实心环80的外表面82限定从平坦表面88延伸的凸壁86形式的连接特征部84。凸壁86各自限定第一锥形表面90(图11)。如将所述,凸壁86在植入过程中与设置在连接工具上的互补结构配合。
具体参见图11,多孔金属壳12g与实心环80之间的交界面92被示出。在髋臼杯10g的成形过程中,在交界面92形成冶金结合,如将更为详细所述。第一环形袋96被限定在多孔金属壳12g的内半径周围。类似地,第二环形袋98被限定在实心环80的外半径周围。形成在实心环80上的第一凸缘102嵌套在多孔金属壳12g的第一环形袋96中。形成在多孔金属壳12g上的第二凸缘106嵌套在实心环80的第二环形袋98中。相应的袋96和98以及凸缘102和106在多孔金属壳12g与实心环80之间提供外悬互锁以增大结构完整性。如图11所示,衬垫100被显示为由环形环101夹持在多孔金属壳12g内。
参见图12-14,现在将描述制造根据本发明的髋臼杯10g的示例性方法。在一个实例中,实心金属坯可被初始机械加工成实心金属环80。接下来,加工后的环80可放置在穹顶110上方(图12)。金属粉末和粘合剂的混合物112然后被配制成如上所述的均匀混合物。金属粉末和粘合剂的混合物112可放置在诸如袋(未具体示出)的密封构件中,并在CIP118中被放置在穹顶110和实心金属环80上方。CIP118将高压施加到混合物112和实心金属环80上,以在交界面92处形成冶金结合。多孔金属壳12g和实心金属环80的组件然后从CIP118中移除。多孔金属壳12g可呈现坚硬、湿砂的稠度。多孔金属壳12g然后可被机加工,以在其半个半球周围形成均匀的厚度。通道120(图10)也可被机加工。可以预想到,通道120可替换地在CIP过程中由位于穹顶110上的延伸部形成。可以理解的是,一些或所有其它实心特征部的组合也可被模制到多孔金属壳。
上述组件(多孔金属壳12g和实心环80)然后可被放置到熔炉112中并被烘烤到适于烧掉粘合剂的预定期限。示例性循环包括长达12小时、400摄氏度。如果必要,实心环80可被随后机加工,以确定希望的形状。加强部52可利用如上所述的类似步骤形成。
现在参见图15-19,将描述示例性植入工具130(图18)。植入工具130大体上包括把手132、壳体134、T形杆136(图17)和板138。壳体134可包括杯部140,该杯部140具有限定通过径向壁的一对通道142(图17)。壳体134可限定一对凸壁部146和一对凹壁部148(图15)。T形杆136可包括纵向部152,该纵向部152具有在相对端上延伸的指部154(图17)。轴部160从纵向部152沿与指部154相反的方向居中地延伸。轴部160适于与驱动器协作,如将更为详细所述。指部154嵌套在壳体134的通道142中。T形杆136是可操作的,以沿通道142相对于壳体134轴向移动,以便于对实心环80的夹持作用。更具体地,T形杆136的指部154各自限定适于与实心环80上的凸壁86的第一锥形表面90配合(图19)的第二锥形表面162(图17)。一旦相应的锥形表面90、162接合,T形杆136可远离髋臼杯10g轴向平移,从而在相应的锥形表面90、162之间形成张力。板138适于位于由杯部140限定的环形空间内。
具体参见图18和19,现在将更为详细地描述把手132。把手132大体上包括沿纵向轴部166设置的夹持构件168和具有冲击表面的旋钮170。旋钮170的旋转通过锁定接合部172将轴向运动传给T形杆136。尽管未具体示出,核心部可被容纳在所述工具内(邻近旋钮170),并螺纹连接到旋钮170。缆线可将核心部与锁定接合部172相连。这样,旋钮的旋转造成T形杆136的轴向运动。锁定接合部172可包括快速接头或其它适当的连接部。
现在将描述使用植入工具130的示例性方法。首先,杯部140的凸壁146与实心环80的平坦表面88对齐。接下来,杯部140和T形杆136通过把手132旋转,使得指部154的第二锥形表面162可滑动地位于实心环80上的凸壁86的第一锥形表面90下面。在一个实例中,杯部140和T形杆136顺时针旋转约20度,以实现互锁关系。接下来,夹持构件168如在图18中所观察到的向上平移,以在第一和第二锥形表面90、162之间形成如上所述的张力。一旦安装工具130将髋臼杯10g紧固地保持,则髋臼杯10g可位于病人(未示出)身上希望的位置。旋钮170的冲击表面然后可与冲击工具撞击,直到髋臼杯10g被植入。一旦髋臼杯10g被植入到适当位置,把手132可沿相反方向旋转,直到指部154的锥形表面162离开实心环80上的凸壁86的锥形表面90。植入工具130然后可被移除。
可以理解的是,髋臼杯10g可通过诸如经由通道120的紧固件和/或骨接合剂等任何适当的方法被紧固到植入部位。插件176(图17)可选择性地通过通道120放置或模制在其中。
现在参见图20,将描述根据另外特征的髋臼杯10h。髋臼杯10h大体上包括多孔金属外层200、压制金属粉末中间层202和实心陶瓷内层204。制造髋臼壳10h的示例性方法包括形成具有粗糙或变形外表面210的实心陶瓷插件204。粉末状金属然后可被压制到陶瓷插件204的变形外表面210上。压制后的粉末状金属202相对于内陶瓷层204和外多孔金属层200可限定较薄截面。粉末状金属202可包括诸如本文公开的那些生物相容金属。多孔金属层200然后可形成在压制后的粉末状金属202的外表面212上。多孔金属层200可包括诸如本文公开的那些生物相容金属。多孔金属层200可通过诸如CIP等任何适当的方法形成在压制后的粉末状金属层202上,如本文所公开的那样。该组件然后可被放置到熔炉中并进行烧结。最后形成的髋臼杯10h为具有陶瓷支承件面216和多孔金属外表面218的单体。多孔金属外表面218有利于骨生长。
现在参见图21-23,将描述根据另外特征构造的髋臼杯10i和10j。髋臼杯10i大体上包括外多孔金属层220、内多孔金属层222和薄的实心金属中间层224。在一个实例中,中间层224可限定围绕外多孔金属层220的环形边缘228。同样,外多孔金属层220适于有利于骨生长。内多孔层222可适于容纳诸如骨接合剂等用于粘结衬垫的粘合剂。内多孔层222另外或可替换地与聚乙烯材料整体模制。
薄的实心金属中间层224适于用作屏障,以阻止磨损的碎颗粒迁移通过杯10i并迁移到骨植入接合部上。另外,薄的实心金属中间层224可通过诸如钻头等工具或诸如接骨螺钉等紧固件在内部操作性地刺穿,以固定在植入部位。由于中间层224在髋臼杯10i的半个半球周围是均匀的,因此,外科医生在植入期间不受限于预先限定的固定位置来穿过紧固件。更清晰地解释而言,均匀的中间层224允许外科医生在髋臼杯10i的半个半球周围的任意位置穿过紧固件。在一个实例中,螺钉孔(未示出)可在内部操作性地进行钻孔而通过髋臼杯10i(图21)。外科医生可在宿主骨中提供最佳固定的位置处钻螺钉孔,而无需关注磨损颗粒将迁移到骨交界处。在一个实例中,中间层224限定的厚度小于外多孔金属层220和内多孔金属层222的各自厚度的50%或小于25%。
在另一实例中,在髋臼杯10j上示出的螺钉孔232可被预先限定通过内、外多孔金属层220、222(图22),但在实心中间层224处封闭。在该实例中,外科医生可利用一些或所有预先限定的孔,从而使接骨螺钉穿过实心中间层。图23示出利用刺穿中间层224的紧固件236紧固在植入位置的髋臼杯10i。尽管实心中间层224在附图中被具体显示为在内多孔层222与外多孔层220之间,但实心中间层224可替换地可形成在杯10i的内凹表面上。这样,实心层可为支承件提供光滑表面以进行支撑。
现在参见图24和图25,根据另外特征的髋臼杯10k和10m被示出。髋臼杯10k和10m各自由诸如本文所公开的多孔金属壳12k和12m形成。如所示,髋臼杯10k的边缘240处的孔隙度更不易渗透(或更密实)。这样,边缘240可在植入过程中提供额外强度。在另一实例中,髋臼杯10k在杯10m的内表面14m处更不易渗透(或更密实)。因此,髋臼杯10m可在与支承件(未示出)的交界处提供额外强度。
如图26所示,另一示例性髋臼杯10n被示出。髋臼杯10n大体上包括多孔金属部242和实心金属部244。多孔金属部242大体上形成在髋臼杯10n的外表面16n上,而实心金属部244形成在内表面14n上。实心金属部244限定一对适于与多孔金属部242一起提供紧固机械连接的环形唇248。可替换地,单一或多个环形唇248可形成在实心金属部244上。多孔金属部242和实心金属部244可分别包括诸如本文所公开的那些生物相容金属。尽管未具体示出,实心金属部244可包括具有锥形表面的凸壁,以与诸如本文所公开的植入工具配合。
现在参见图27-31,将描述另一示例性植入工具250(图30)。植入工具250大体上包括把手132、壳体256、中心构件260、板261和一对指部262。壳体256可包括杯部268,该杯部268具有限定通过径向壁的一对通道270。轴部272从中心构件260沿与指部262相反的方向居中地延伸。销274位于中心构件260的相应的孔276和指部262的狭槽278内。轴部272适于与诸如如上关于植入工具130所述的驱动器协作。指部262嵌套在壳体256的通道270中。板261可适于位于由杯部268限定的环形空间内。中心构件260是可操作的,以沿通道270相对于壳体256轴向移动,以便于对实心环80的夹持作用。更具体地,指部262各自限定适于与实心环80上的凸壁86的第一锥形表面90配合(图31)的第二锥形表面280(图29)。
现在将描述使用植入工具250的示例性方法。首先,指部262与实心环80上的凸壁86的第一锥形表面90对齐。接下来,旋钮170如图30所示旋转,以使指部262绕销274向外枢转,从而在第一和第二锥形表面90、280之间形成张力。一旦植入工具250将髋臼杯10g紧固地保持,则髋臼杯10g可位于病人(未示出)身上希望的位置。旋钮170的冲击表面然后可与冲击工具撞击,直到髋臼杯10g可通过任意适当的方法被紧固到植入部位。一旦髋臼杯10g被植入到希望的位置,旋钮170可沿相反方向旋转,以使指部262向内枢转并不再与锥形表面90接合。植入工具250然后可被移除。
现在参见图32-35,将描述另一示例性植入工具300(图30)。植入工具300大体上包括把手132、壳体302、中心构件304和一对指部310。壳体302可包括杯部312,该杯部312具有限定通过径向壁的一对通道314。轴部(未示出)从中心构件304沿与指部310相反的方向居中地延伸。销318位于中心构件304的相应的孔220和指部310的孔322内。类似地,销326位于中心构件304的相应的孔228和壳体302的孔330内。轴部适于与诸如如上关于植入工具130所述的驱动器协作。指部310嵌套在壳体302的通道314中。中心构件304是可操作的,以沿通道314相对于壳体302轴向移动,以便于对实心环80的夹持作用。更具体地,指部310各自限定适于与实心环80上的凸壁86的第一锥形表面90配合(图36)的第二锥形表面332(图34)。
现在将描述使用植入工具300的示例性方法。首先,指部310与实心环80上的凸壁86的第一锥形表面90对齐。接下来,旋钮170如图35所示旋转,以使指部310绕销322向外枢转,从而在第一和第二锥形表面90、332之间形成张力。一旦植入工具300将髋臼杯10g紧固地保持,则髋臼杯10g可位于病人(未示出)身上希望的位置。旋钮170的冲击表面然后可与冲击工具撞击,直到髋臼杯10g可通过任意适当的方法被紧固到植入部位。一旦髋臼杯10g被植入到希望的位置,旋钮170可沿相反方向旋转,以使指部310向内枢转并不再与锥形表面90接合。植入工具300然后可被移除。
现在参见图37-41,将描述另一示例性植入工具400(图40)。植入工具400大体上包括把手132、壳体402、盖403、中心构件404、穹顶406(图39)和三个指部408。壳体402限定三个通道414,该三个通道414被限定通过径向壁。轴部418从中心构件404沿与指部408相反的方向居中地延伸。销420位于中心构件404的相应的孔422和指部408的倾斜狭槽426内。轴部418适于与诸如如上关于植入工具130所述的驱动器协作。指部408嵌套在壳体402的通道414中。一系列紧固件416与壳体402中的螺纹孔417配合,从而将中心构件404和指部408保持在盖403与壳体402之间。
中心构件404是可操作的,以沿通道414相对于壳体402轴向移动,以便于对杯10p的内径向锥形唇430的夹持作用。更具体地,指部408各自限定适于与杯10p的径向锥形唇430配合的锥形表面432(图41)。随着轴部418被向上推进(图39和图41),指部408的上表面438沿盖403的下表面440沿径向向外方向可滑动地行进。销420沿倾斜狭槽426行进,致使指部408在中心构件404向上运动的过程中径向向外运动。
现在将描述使用植入工具400的示例性方法。首先,指部408与杯10p的径向锥形唇430对齐。接下来,旋钮170如图40所示旋转,以使指部408向外滑动,从而在指部408的锥形表面432与杯10p的径向锥形唇430之间形成张力。一旦植入工具400将髋臼杯10p紧固地保持,则髋臼杯10p可位于病人(未示出)身上希望的位置。旋钮170的冲击表面然后可与冲击工具撞击,直到髋臼杯10p可通过任意适当的方法被紧固到植入部位。一旦髋臼杯10g被植入到希望的位置,旋钮170可沿相反方向旋转,以使指部408向内枢转并不再与径向锥形唇430接合。植入工具400然后可被移除。
如图42-44B所示,示例性髋臼杯组件500(和500’,图44B)被示出。髋臼杯组件500包括髋臼杯10r和支承件502。通常,髋臼杯10r可包括多孔金属部510和实心金属部512。多孔金属部510大体上可形成在髋臼杯10r的外表面上,而实心金属部512可形成在内表面上。多孔金属部510和实心金属部512可分别包括诸如不锈钢、钛、钛合金、钴铬合金等生物相容的金属。在一个实例中,多孔金属部510可由限定约60-70%的孔隙度的多孔金属形成。在一个实例中,多孔金属部510可被烧结到实心金属部512上。如在图44A和图44B中最为清晰地所示,多孔金属部510限定形成在其上的环形上唇516和一对环形袋520。可以理解的是,上唇516和环形袋520可适于与实心金属部512一起提供紧固的机械连接。
实心金属部512可限定实心边缘522和支承件配合表面524。在一个实例中,实心边缘522可被限定为完全穿过髋臼杯10r在边缘522处的厚度。实心金属部512可限定与形成在多孔金属部510上的环形唇516配合的互补环形袋530。实心金属部512也可限定与形成在多孔金属部510上的环形袋520配合的互补的一对环形唇532。环形唇532可基本垂直于杯10r的纵向轴线径向延伸。实心金属部512可进一步分别限定第一、第二环形突出部536和538。第一和第二环形突出部536和538分别可大体上垂直于杯10r的纵向轴线延伸。在一个实例中,最里面的突出部536可被限定在直径D1和D2之间。最外面的突出部538可被限定在直径D3和直径D4之间。如图44A和图44B所示,实心金属部512可在相应的突出部536和538之间限定弓形表面539(图44A)或锥形表面539’(图44B),以便于与支承件502锥形接合,如将所述。在沿锥形表面539截取的直线和突出部536之间可限定约92度的角θ1。也可使用其它角度。可以理解的是,可替换地,D2可等于D3。髋臼杯10r可限定总直径D5。尽管未具体示出,实心金属部512可包括具有锥形表面的凸壁,以与诸如本文所公开的安装工具配合。
支承件502可由钴形成。更具体地,支承件502可由含钴的金属形成,例如但不限于钴铬合金、钴铬、钴合金、高碳钴铬合金。尽管支承件502被称之为钴支承件,但支承件502可替换地可以由陶瓷、金刚石或其它材料形成。钴支承件502坚硬且耐用,从而与传统的支承件材料相比提供较高的抗磨损性。钴支承件502可限定杯配合表面540。在一个实例中,钴支承件502可限定比在未组装位置的髋臼杯10r的支承件配合表面524的直径大的杯配合表面540。在一个实例中,钴支承件502可限定比支承件配合表面524的直径大0.002英寸的杯配合表面540。应认识到这种关系可有利于组装位置的髋臼杯10r与支承件502之间稳固的干涉连接。支承件502可限定第一和第二肩部542和544。第一和第二肩部542和544可分别大体上垂直于支承件502的纵向轴线延伸。最里面的肩部542可限定在直径D6与D7之间。最外面的肩部544可限定在直径D8与直径D9之间。如所示,钴支承件502可在相应的肩部之间(D7与D8之间)限定大致弓形表面545(图44A)或锥形表面545’(图44B),以便于与支承件锥形接合,如将所述。在沿锥形表面545截取的直线和肩部544之间可限定约92度的角θ2。也可使用其它角度。可以理解的是,可替换地,D7可等于D8
现在参见图42-44B,将描述将髋臼杯10r与钴支承件502结合的一个示例性方法。现在参见图42,髋臼杯10r可在高温下被加热,从而在与钴支承件502结合之前膨胀。在一个实例中,髋臼杯10r可被放置到熔炉550中并被加热到约148.89摄氏度(300华氏度)至约204.4摄氏度(400华氏度)。能够理解的是,应用热可使支承件配合表面524膨胀,以利于容纳钴支承件502。如图43所示,钴支承件502可在低温下被冷却,从而在与髋臼杯10r结合之前进行收缩。在一个实例中,钴支承件502可被放置到冷却器552中并被冷却到约-184.4摄氏度(-300华氏度)至约-212.2摄氏度(-350华氏度)。能够理解的是,应用低温可使杯配合表面540收缩,使得钴支承件502可被髋臼杯10r容纳。一旦进行相应的温度处理,髋臼杯10r和钴支承件502可被压制在一起。可以理解的是,可执行其它的组装方法。例如,在一些情况下,可以仅加热髋臼杯10r随后将髋臼杯10r结合到周围的钴支承件502。可替换地,可以仅冷却钴支承件502随后将钴支承件502结合到周围的髋臼杯10r。
根据一个实例,钴支承件502可在植入前在高压下与髋臼杯10r压制在一起,使得相应的支承件配合表面524和杯配合表面540接合。另外或可替换地,在锥形表面539(或539’)和545(或545’)之间可实现热压配合连接。一旦结合,杯组件500被允许返回到环境温度。由于钴支承件502可限定比在未安装位置的髋臼杯10r的支承件配合表面524直径大的杯配合表面540,因此相应的配合表面524和540协作,从而限定稳固的连接。
现在参见图45,根据另外特征的髋臼杯组件600被示出。髋臼杯组件600包括髋臼杯10s和支承件602。髋臼杯10s可包括多孔金属部610和实心金属部612。多孔金属部610和实心金属部612可包括诸如本文所公开的生物相容金属。实心金属部612可形成在上环形边缘622处。实心金属部612在互锁区域626过渡到多孔金属部610。更具体地,如图44A和44B的髋臼杯,形成在实心金属部上的互补环形唇和袋可适于与多孔金属部的互补环形袋和唇互锁。环形边缘622可限定围绕其内径形成的圆锥628。在一个实例中,圆锥628可被加工到实心金属部612上,并相对于杯10s的中心轴线限定约2度的角θ3。也可使用其它角度。
如所示,在互锁区域626的内侧,髋臼杯10s可限定在整个厚度上为多孔的主体650。在一个实例中,多孔金属部650可为5mm厚。通道652可形成通过多孔金属部650以容纳紧固件656。顶孔660可形成在髋臼杯10s的顶点。如图45所示,紧固件656可将杯10s紧固到髋臼672的髋臼窝670。这种配置可使髋臼杯10s插入到髋臼672中,而无需连接支承件602。尽管未具体示出,相似的通道和/或顶孔可形成通过髋臼杯10r。
支承件602可由诸如本文所述的钴形成。钴支承件602可限定围绕上边缘区域682的外径的互补锥形表面680。锥形表面680可为弓形(如所示)或锥形。在一个实例中,锥形表面680可被加工在支承件602上,并相对于支承件602的中心轴线限定约2度的角θ4。也可使用其它角度。一旦髋臼杯10s被植入,钴支承件602可压制到杯10s中,从而使相应的锥形表面628和680密切配合。
尽管本发明参照各个实施例被描述在说明书中并被示出在附图中,但本领域技术人员可理解的是,在不背离由权利要求限定的本发明的范围内,可以进行各种变化,其元件可被各种等同替换所替代。而且,在此可清楚地预料各个实施例之间的特征、元件和/或功能的混合和配合,使得本领域技术人员根据本公开应理解,一个实施例的特征、元件和/或功能可适当地被包含在另一实施例中,除非以其他方式描述。而且,在不背离本发明的本质范围的情况下,可以进行许多修改,以使具体情况或材料适合本发明。因此,本发明并不意欲限制为由附图所示并在说明书中描述为目前视为实现本发明的最佳模式的具体实施例,相反,本发明包括落入前述描述和所附权利要求内的任意实施例。

Claims (24)

1、一种髋臼杯组件,包括:
杯部,包括:
具有第一厚度的多孔金属外层;
具有第二厚度的实心内层;和由所述多孔金属外层和所述实心内
层形成的配合部;以及
适于选择性地紧固到所述实心内层的支承件。
2、如权利要求1所述的髋臼杯组件,其中所述杯部的边缘区域全部由纯钛形成。
3、如权利要求2所述的髋臼杯组件,其中所述实心内层与所述边缘区域整体形成。
4、如权利要求2所述的髋臼杯组件,其中所述边缘区域的内表面为锥形,以容纳由所述支承件形成的锥形外表面。
5、如权利要求3所述的髋臼杯组件,其中从所述边缘区域到所述多孔金属外层的过渡部包括:
形成在所述实心内层中的第一环形袋;
形成在所述多孔金属外层中的第二环形袋;
围绕所述实心内层延伸并容纳在所述第二环形袋内的第一环形唇;以及
围绕所述多孔金属外层延伸并容纳在所述第一环形袋内的第二环形唇。
6、如权利要求1所述的髋臼杯组件,其中所述实心内层限定具有第一直径的内配合表面,并且所述支承件限定具有第二直径的外配合表面,其中第二直径在未组装位置时大于第二直径。
7、如权利要求6所述的髋臼杯,其中所述多孔金属外层适于在热处理过程中被连接到所述实心内层。
8、如权利要求7所述的髋臼杯,其中所述支承件适于在与所述杯部组装之前被冷却。
9、如权利要求1所述的髋臼杯,其中所述杯部限定形成在其中的通道。
10、如权利要求9所述的髋臼杯,进一步包括延伸通过至少一些所述通道和能紧固地延伸到植入位置的髋臼中的紧固件。
11、如权利要求1所述的髋臼杯,其中所述杯部限定形成在其中的顶孔。
12、如权利要求1所述的髋臼杯组件,其中所述第二厚度大于所述第一厚度。
13、如权利要求12所述的髋臼杯,其中所述第二厚度为约5mm。
14、如权利要求1所述的髋臼杯,其中至少一个环形唇被限定在纯钛内层周围,并适于嵌套在形成在所述多孔金属外层中的至少一个互补的袋中。
15、如权利要求1所述的髋臼杯,其中所述支承件限定相对于所述杯的纵向轴线基本垂直延伸的第一和第二肩部,所述第一和第二肩部具有形成在其间的锥形表面。
16、如权利要求1所述的髋臼杯,其中所述支承件由钴、陶瓷和金刚石中的至少一种形成。
17、一种髋臼杯组件,包括:
具有主体和边缘区域的杯部,该杯部包括:
形成在所述主体处的多孔金属部;和
形成在所述边缘区域处的实心金属部;以及
适于选择性地紧固到所述杯部的支承件。
18、如权利要求16所述的髋臼杯组件,其中从所述边缘区域到所述主体的过渡部包括:
形成在所述实心金属部中的第一环形袋;
形成在所述多孔金属部中的第二环形袋;
围绕所述实心金属部、相对于所述杯部的纵向轴线大致垂直延伸并容纳在所述第二环形袋内的第一环形唇;和
围绕所述多孔金属部延伸并容纳在所述第一环形袋内的第二环形唇。
19、如权利要求18所述的髋臼杯组件,其中所述杯部限定形成在其中并适于在植入位置容纳紧固件的通道。
20、如权利要求17所述的髋臼杯,其中所述支承件由钴、陶瓷和金刚石中的至少一种形成。
21、一种髋臼杯组件,包括:
具有主体和边缘区域的杯部,该杯部包括:
形成在所述主体处的多孔金属部;和
形成在所述边缘区域处并包括形成在内表面周围的锥形配合表面的实心金属部;以及
限定形成在外表面周围的互补锥形配合表面的支承件,该支承件适于选择性地紧固到所述杯部。
22、如权利要求21所述的髋臼杯组件,其中从所述边缘区域到所述主体的过渡部包括:
形成在所述实心金属部中的第一环形袋;
形成在所述多孔金属部中的第二环形袋;
围绕所述实心金属部延伸并容纳在所述第二环形袋内的第一环形唇;和
围绕所述多孔金属部延伸并容纳在所述第一环形袋内的第二环形唇。
23、如权利要求22所述的髋臼杯组件,其中所述杯部限定形成在其中并适于在植入位置容纳紧固件的通道。
24、如权利要求21所述的髋臼杯,其中所述支承件由钴、陶瓷和金刚石中的至少一种形成。
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US20070173948A1 (en) 2007-07-26
AU2008218993A1 (en) 2008-08-28
JP2010518973A (ja) 2010-06-03
JP5657894B2 (ja) 2015-01-21
WO2008103457A9 (en) 2009-03-26
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CN101677861B (zh) 2013-09-18
EP2129335B1 (en) 2016-04-06

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