CN111513895A - 一种髋臼杯假体 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属于医用假体技术领域,公开了一种髋臼杯假体。本发明的髋臼杯假体包括假体本体和贴合固定在假体本体的外表面的骨质融合层,骨质融合层包括:构造为空间立体结构的玻璃碳基体,玻璃碳基体包括多条玻璃碳丝和由多条玻璃碳丝相互交错连接形成的多个孔隙,各孔隙构造为相互连通且直径不同;和附着在玻璃碳基体的表面上的钽金属层。本发明的髋臼杯假体具有利于骨长入、提供较高摩擦力、减少应力遮挡等优点,以提高假体植入后的稳定性,减少发生假体松动、脱位和骨折等现象。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于医用假体技术领域,具体涉及一种髋臼杯假体。
背景技术
髋关节是人体最大、最重要的关节之一,其承受着人体很大一部分体重。然而,骨性关节炎、类风湿性关节炎、股骨头无菌性坏死、创伤性关节炎、先天性髋臼发育不良等疾病会导致髋关节疼痛及其功能的丧失,从而严重影响病患生活。目前,人工全髋关节置换术是治疗髋关节终末期疾病最成功的手段,其中髋臼杯假体是人工全髋关节系统的重要部件。
现有技术中的髋臼杯假体构造为半球形结构。由于髋臼杯假体其表面通常与人体髋臼接触,为避免人工全髋关节松动,常对髋臼杯假体进行表面处理,例如,在髋臼杯假体的表面进行钛珠烧结以提供骨长入孔隙;或喷涂钛粉末以提高髋臼杯假体的表面粗糙度,增加摩擦力;或喷涂钛粉末结合羰基磷灰石涂层,以同时具备喷钛和羰基磷灰石的优点,便于骨长入。综上所述,无论是哪种表面处理,均无法同时具备上述所有的优点,即同时满足利于骨长入、提供较高摩擦力、减少应力遮挡等,而无论是骨长入量少或是弹性模量高或是存在应力遮挡均能够造成假体松动、脱位和骨折等现象。
发明内容
为了解决上述全部或部分问题,本发明目的在于提供一种髋臼杯假体,使其具有利于骨长入、提供较高摩擦力、减少应力遮挡等优点,以提高假体植入后的稳定性,减少发生假体松动、脱位和骨折等现象。
本发明的髋臼杯假体包括假体本体和贴合固定在假体本体的外表面的骨质融合层,骨质融合层包括:构造为空间立体结构的玻璃碳基体,玻璃碳基体包括多条玻璃碳丝和由多条玻璃碳丝相互交错连接形成的多个孔隙,各孔隙构造为相互连通且直径不同;和附着在玻璃碳基体的表面上的钽金属层。
进一步地,钽金属层通过化学气相沉积技术附着在玻璃碳基体上。
进一步地,骨质融合层构造为半球体结构,半球体结构完全覆盖假体本体的外表面。
进一步地,骨质融合层通过扩散焊的方式与假体本体固定连接。
进一步地,骨质融合层的厚度范围为1mm至3mm。
进一步地,钽金属层附着在玻璃碳基体上后,玻璃碳丝的丝径尺寸范围为100μm至700μm。
进一步地,钽金属层附着在玻璃碳基体上后,玻璃碳基体的孔径范围为700μm至800μm。
进一步地,玻璃碳基体的孔隙率为50%至80%。
本发明实施例的髋臼杯假体具有以下几方面的优点:
1)本发明实施例的髋臼杯假体的近似于骨小梁结构的骨质融合层,其高度互联的孔隙结构能够使得髋臼杯假体在术后与人体的骨组织快速融合和固定,从而能够有效地提高了患者术后髋臼杯假体的初期稳定性和恢复效果;
2)本发明实施例的髋臼杯假体通过在玻璃碳基体的表面附着有钽金属层,钽金属材料的高摩擦系数的特性结合具体设置各孔隙的等效直径和孔隙率的范围,使得髋臼杯假体的表面能够提供较高的摩擦力,这样,当髋臼杯假体植入人体内后,较高的摩擦力能够使得髋臼杯假体的固定更为稳定,不易脱出,从而能够进一步地提高髋臼杯假体的初期稳定性;
3)本发明实施例的髋臼杯假体的钽金属层中的钽金属材料还具有低弹性模量的特性,即使钽金属材料发生一定弹性变形的应力小,即钽金属材料的刚度小,这样,能够有效地减少髋臼杯假体稳定应力遮挡,使得骨质融合层上的成骨细胞能够更为容易地感受力刺激,从而能够更有利于提高了成骨细胞的粘附、增值、分化的能力,进而,可有利于成骨细胞的生长、骨组织长入髋臼杯假体、髋臼杯假体与周围骨质的融合,从而使得髋臼杯假体与相邻骨组织的界面的连接更为牢固;
4)本发明实施例的髋臼杯假体的钽金属层中的钽金属材料有很好的强度和延展性,可抵抗化学性侵蚀,提供良好的生物相容性。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例的髋臼杯假体的结构示意图;
图2为图1所示的骨质融合层的玻璃碳基体的结构示意图;
图3为发明实施例的化学气相沉积技术的工艺流程示意图。
具体实施方式
为了更好的了解本发明的目的、结构及功能,下面结合附图,对本发明的一种髋臼杯假体做进一步详细的描述。
图1示出了根据本发明实施例的髋臼杯假体100的结构。如图1所示,该髋臼杯假体100包括假体本体1和贴合固定在假体本体1的外表面的骨质融合层2,结合图2所示,骨质融合层2包括:构造为空间立体结构的玻璃碳基体21,玻璃碳基体21包括多条玻璃碳丝211和由多条玻璃碳丝211相互交错连接形成的多个孔隙212,各孔隙212构造为相互连通且直径不同;和附着在玻璃碳基体21的表面上的钽金属层22。
根据本发明,玻璃碳基体21包括多条玻璃碳丝211和由多条玻璃碳丝211相互交错连接形成的多个孔隙212,各孔隙212构造为相互连通且直径不同,使得玻璃碳基体21构造为空间立体网格结构。同时,玻璃碳基体21的表面上形成有钽金属层22,使得骨质融合层2构造成了空间立体网格钽金属结构。通过将由玻璃碳丝211相互交错连接形成的各孔隙212相互连通,且将各孔隙212的等效直径大小构造不一致,并对各孔隙212的等效直径和孔隙率的范围进行具体设置,使得空间立体网格钽金属结构的骨质融合层2接近于人体的骨小梁的结构。这样,骨质融合层2具有孔隙率和联通性能够很好的诱导骨长入,这样人体的骨质可快速自然地长入骨质融合层2的孔隙212中,从而提高了成骨细胞的粘附、增值、分化的能力,有效地促进了骨组织的长入和爬行。需要注意的是,由玻璃碳丝211形成的各孔隙212的截面为不规则的圆形,其截面形状可以是各种形状,鉴于此,这里提到的各孔隙212的“等效直径”应当理解为将各孔隙212的截面等效为圆形时,该圆形的直径。由于该截面等效为圆形的直径是按照截面的实际面积计算得出,因此所得的直径的数值为精确的数值。
通过上述设置,本发明实施例的髋臼杯假体100具有以下几方面的优点:
1)本发明实施例的髋臼杯假体100的近似于骨小梁结构的骨质融合层2,其高度互联的孔隙212结构能够使得髋臼杯假体100在术后与人体的骨组织快速融合和固定,从而能够有效地提高了患者术后髋臼杯假体100的初期稳定性和恢复效果;
2)本发明实施例的髋臼杯假体100通过在玻璃碳基体21的表面附着有钽金属层22,钽金属材料的高摩擦系数的特性结合具体设置各孔隙212的等效直径和孔隙率的范围,使得髋臼杯假体100的表面能够提供较高的摩擦力,这样,当髋臼杯假体100植入人体内后,较高的摩擦力能够使得髋臼杯假体100的固定更为稳定,不易脱出,从而能够进一步地提高髋臼杯假体100的初期稳定性;
3)本发明实施例的髋臼杯假体100的钽金属层22中的钽金属材料还具有低弹性模量的特性,即使钽金属材料发生一定弹性变形的应力小,即钽金属材料的刚度小,这样,能够有效地减少髋臼杯假体100稳定应力遮挡,使得骨质融合层2上的成骨细胞能够更为容易地感受力刺激,从而能够更有利于提高了成骨细胞的粘附、增值、分化的能力,进而,可有利于成骨细胞的生长、骨组织长入髋臼杯假体100、髋臼杯假体100与周围骨质的融合,从而使得髋臼杯假体100与相邻骨组织的界面的连接更为牢固;
4)本发明实施例的髋臼杯假体100的钽金属层22中的钽金属材料有很好的强度和延展性,可抵抗化学性侵蚀,提供良好的生物相容性。
综上所述,本发明实施例的髋臼杯假体100可同时满足利于骨长入、提供较高摩擦力、减少应力遮挡等优点,从而能够有效地提高髋臼杯假体100植入后的稳定性,减少发生髋臼杯假体100松动、脱位和骨折等现象。
在一个优选的实施方式中,钽金属层22可通过化学气相沉积技术附着在玻璃碳基体21上。图3示出了化学气相沉积技术200的工艺流程示意图。具体地,结合图3所示,化学气相沉积技术200包括真空高温反应炉3,真空高温反应炉3内形成有相互连通的第一反应室32和第二反应室31。将玻璃碳基体21放入真空高温反应炉3的第二反应室31内,并在第一反应室32放置纯钽33(如商业纯钽),同时通入氯气34(Cl2)和氢气35(H2),氯气34与固体钽33发生反应生成TaCl5气体36,进入第二反应室31与H2在设置有约1000℃的高温下反应约6小时,以使得玻璃碳基体21能够在该温度下置换出TaCl5气体中的钽单质,钽单质附着在玻璃碳基体21的表面,以形成钽金属层22。通过化学气相沉积技术制作的骨质融合层2能够为与假体本体1的连接提供了更为稳定的结构,从而可有利于手术安全有效进行,降低翻修风险。
优选的,如图1所示,骨质融合层2可构造为半球体结构,半球体结构可完全覆盖假体本体1的外表面。通过该设置,完全覆盖假体本体1的外表面能够有效地增大骨质融合层2的面积,以使得本发明实施例的髋臼杯假体100能够通过完全覆盖的骨质融合层2最大程度的提高髋臼杯假体100植入后的稳定性,减少髋臼杯假体100松动、脱位和骨折等现象的发生。
在一个优选的实施方式中,骨质融合层2可通过扩散焊的方式与假体本体1固定连接。通过该设置,在一定温度和压力下保持一段时间,骨质融合层2与假体本体1的表面之间的原子能够相互扩散并形成联接。这样,能够使得骨质融合层2与假体本体1的更为稳定,可靠,从而能够有效地降低骨质融合层2脱落的风险。
在一个优选的实施方式中,骨质融合层2的厚度范围可为1mm至3mm。优选地,骨质融合层2的厚度为2mm。骨质融合层2的厚度较厚不利于骨质的长入,较薄又会使得连接的可靠度降低,从而通过该设置,能够更利于骨长入和骨爬行,使得髋臼杯假体100能够获得更稳定的使用效果。
在一个优选的实施方式中,钽金属层22附着在玻璃碳基体21上后,玻璃碳丝211的丝径尺寸范围可为100μm至700μm。优选的,钽金属层22附着在玻璃碳基体21上后,玻璃碳基体21的孔径范围可为200μm至800μm,优选为700μm至800μm。优选的,玻璃碳基体21的孔隙率可为50%至80%。通过该设置,一方面,通过玻璃碳丝211的丝径、玻璃碳基体21的孔径以及玻璃碳基体21的孔隙率的优选设置,能够进一步地提高骨质融合层2表面的摩擦系数和降低骨质融合层2表面的弹性模量,从而能够进一步地提高髋臼杯假体100植入后的稳定性,减少发生髋臼杯假体100松动、脱位和骨折等现象;另一方面,具有较高的孔隙率和联通性的骨质融合层2能够更好的诱导骨长入,这样,人体的骨质可快速自然地长入骨质融合层2的孔隙中,从而提高了成骨细胞的粘附、增值、分化的能力,有效地促进了骨组织的长入和爬行,进而有利于髋臼杯假体100在术后与人体的骨组织快速融合和固定,有效地提高了患者术后的恢复效果。
需要注意的是,除非另有说明,本申请使用的技术术语或者科学术语应当为本发明所属领域技术人员所理解的通常意义。
最后应说明的是:以上各实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案,而非对其限制;尽管参照前述各实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解:其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换;而这些修改或者替换,并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的范围,其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求和说明书的范围当中。尤其是,只要不存在结构冲突,各个实施例中所提到的各项技术特征均可以任意方式组合起来。本发明并不局限于文中公开的特定实施例,而是包括落入权利要求的范围内的所有技术方案。
Claims (8)
1.一种髋臼杯假体,其特征在于,包括假体本体和贴合固定在所述假体本体的外表面的骨质融合层,所述骨质融合层包括:构造为空间立体结构的玻璃碳基体,所述玻璃碳基体包括多条玻璃碳丝和由多条所述玻璃碳丝相互交错连接形成的多个孔隙,各所述孔隙构造为相互连通且直径不同;和附着在所述玻璃碳基体的表面上的钽金属层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的髋臼杯假体,其特征在于,所述钽金属层通过化学气相沉积技术附着在所述玻璃碳基体上。
3.根据权利要求1所述的髋臼杯假体,其特征在于,所述骨质融合层构造为半球体结构,所述半球体结构完全覆盖所述假体本体的外表面。
4.根据权利要求1所述的髋臼杯假体,其特征在于,所述骨质融合层通过扩散焊的方式与所述假体本体固定连接。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的髋臼杯假体,其特征在于,所述骨质融合层的厚度范围为1mm至3mm。
6.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的髋臼杯假体,其特征在于,所述钽金属层附着在所述玻璃碳基体上后,所述玻璃碳丝的丝径尺寸范围为100μm至700μm。
7.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的髋臼杯假体,其特征在于,所述钽金属层附着在所述玻璃碳基体上后,所述玻璃碳基体的孔径范围为700μm至800μm。
8.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的髋臼杯假体,其特征在于,所述玻璃碳基体的孔隙率为50%至80%。
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