CN101517812B - 具有改善的高速率放电特性的二次电池 - Google Patents
具有改善的高速率放电特性的二次电池 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101517812B CN101517812B CN2007800344553A CN200780034455A CN101517812B CN 101517812 B CN101517812 B CN 101517812B CN 2007800344553 A CN2007800344553 A CN 2007800344553A CN 200780034455 A CN200780034455 A CN 200780034455A CN 101517812 B CN101517812 B CN 101517812B
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Abstract
提供了一种包含具有低电解质可湿性的阴极活性材料作为主要成分的二次电池,其能通过将含全氟化磺酰氨基取代基的聚合物(“添加剂”)加入到阴极混合物和/或电解质中而改善高速率放电特性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及具有改善的高速率放电特性的二次电池。更具体而言,本发明涉及包含具有低电解质可湿性的阴极活性材料作为主要成分的二次电池,其能通过将含全氟化磺酰氨基取代基的聚合物(“添加剂”)加入到阴极混合物和/或电解质中而改善高速率放电特性。
背景技术
科技发展和对移动设备需求的增长已导致了对作为能量来源的二次电池的需求的快速增长。鉴于这种趋势,大量研究已集中在了这样一些二次电池上,它们能满足消费者的多种需求并具有高能量密度和电压。
锂二次电池使用金属氧化物如LiCoO2作为阴极活性材料,使用碳材料作为阳极活性材料,并且通过将多孔聚烯烃隔离膜置于阳极和阴极之间并加入含锂盐如LiPF6的非水性电解质而制备。当充电时,锂离子由阴极活性材料脱嵌并嵌入阳极的碳层。相反,当放电时,锂离子由阳极的碳层脱嵌并嵌入阴极活性材料。在此,非水性电解质用作锂离子在阳极和阴极之间移动通过的介质。所述锂二次电池在电池的工作电压范围内必须基本稳定并且必须具有能以足够快的速率转移离子的能力。
在制备锂二次电池的最后步骤中将非水性电解质引入电池。在此,为了缩短制备电池所需要花费的时间以及优化电池性能,需要确保电解质对电极的快速完全湿润。
作为锂二次电池的非水性电解质,主要使用非质子有机溶剂,例如碳酸亚乙酯(EC)、碳酸二乙酯(DEC)和2-甲基四氢呋喃。所述电解质为极性溶剂,其具有能有效溶解和解离电解质盐的极性,同时又为无活性氢物质的非质子溶剂。此外,由于电解质中存在的大量相互作用,所述电解质通常表现出高的粘度和表面张力。因此,锂二次电池的非水性电解质对含粘合剂的电极材料表现出低亲和性并因此使得无法容易地润湿电极材料;所述粘合剂例如聚四氟乙烯、聚偏二氟乙烯等。正如以下将阐明的,由低亲和性造成的无法容易地润湿,为电池的速率特性恶化的主要原因之一。
此外,随着常规大量用作二次电池阴极活性材料的锂钴氧化物(LiCoO2)中所含钴(Co)的费用增加,已做出了多种尝试通过使用多种过渡金属混合氧化物代替LiCoO2或通过其组合使用而降低阴极活性材料的费用。然而,这些方法使得高速率放电特性恶化。由于高速率放电特性主要取决于锂离子的迁移率(速率特性),可通过提高阴极活性材料上电解质的可湿性而改善速率特性来改善高速率放电特性和循环特性。
关于这一点,已知多种用于改善电极上电解质可湿性的技术。例如,日本未经审查专利公布号2002-305023和美国专利No.6,245,465公开了一种改善电极上电解质可湿性的方法,即将用多种官能团——如氟化烷基——取代的氟化物(例如全氟化聚醚)和砜引入电解质溶剂。
此外,日本未经审查专利公布号2000-082471和2003-096232公开了一种通过以下方式而具有改善的可湿性的电解质:通过使用两性表面活性剂(例如羧酸盐类型表面活性剂)或者通过使用聚环氧乙烷(PEO)和聚环氧丙烷(PPO)的共聚物,该共聚物用具有低聚环氧烷结构的交联剂取代。
同时,韩国专利申请公布号2001-066272 A1和1996-027036 A1公开了通过将聚环氧乙烷(PEO)基或聚环氧丙烷(PPO)基聚合物与多种锂盐和茂金属混合而制备的聚合物电解质;而日本未经审查专利公布号1997-306501公开了一种加入了具有有机电解质亲和性的油酸酰胺表面活性剂的有机电解质。
然而,前述常规现有技术的二次电池被证实由于高内阻而具有以下问题和缺点:所制备电池的整体工作特性差或至少未发挥所想要的高速率放电特性。
发明内容
技术问题
因此,本发明的一个目的为解决上述问题以及其它尚未解决的技术问题。
为了解决上述问题和缺点而进行了多个广泛而深入的研究和实验,结果是,本发明的发明人已发现,相对于对电解质具有低可湿性的阴极活性材料而言,当将一种能改善电解质可湿性的材料加入到阴极混合物或电解质时,可大幅度地改善电池的高速率放电特性而不造成总体工作特性和电池性能的恶化。基于这些发现已完成了本发明。
技术方案
根据本发明的一个方面,上述和其它目的可通过提供一种包含具有低电解质可湿性的阴极活性材料作为主要成分的二次电池而实现,其中将含全氟化磺酰氨基取代基的聚合物(“添加剂”)加入到阴极混合物和/或电解质中而改善高速率放电特性。
根据本发明的另一个方面,还提供了一种包含具有低电解质可湿性的阴极活性材料的二次电池,其中将含全氟化磺酰氨基取代基的聚合物作为添加剂加入到阴极混合物和/或电解质中而改善高速率放电特性;当将所述添加剂加入到电解质中时,添加剂,基于电解质的总重量,以0.01至10重量%的量加入,并且当将所述添加剂加入到阴极混合物中时,添加剂,基于阴极混合物的总重量,以0.05至5重量%的量加入;所述具有低电解质可湿性的阴极活性材料为含多种过渡金属元素的多组分阴极活性材料;所述含多种过渡金属元素的多组分阴极活性材料的含量,基于整个阴极活性材料的总重量,在20重量%以上的范围内;所述添加剂为一种聚环氧乙烷PEO和聚环氧丙烷PPO的嵌段共聚结构的任一端或两端结合有一个或多个全氟化磺酰氨基取代基的改性共聚物;改性共聚物中PEO的含量基于改性共聚物的总重量在30至80重量%范围内,且PEO的含量高于PPO的含量。
本发明的二次电池通过将上述添加剂加入到阴极混合物和/或电解质中而大幅度地改善阴极活性材料的可湿性,并因此由于降低的电荷转移阻力而提高锂离子的迁移率,从而导致高速率放电特性的大幅度改善。
本发明的阴极活性材料为对电解质具有低可湿性的阴极活性材料,并且可优选包括含至少两种过渡金属元素的多组分阴极活性材料。
一般而言,单过渡金属氧化物,例如锂钴氧化物(LiCoO2)等,由小颗粒(初级粒子)的独立相组成。另一方面,二元过渡金属氧化物(例如锂镍-钴氧化物、锂镍-锰氧化物、锂锰-钴氧化物等)和三元过渡金属氧化物(例如锂镍-锰-钴氧化物)通常具有其中初级粒子凝聚形成次级粒子的凝聚体次级粒子结构。
这些多组分过渡金属氧化物,与单过渡金属氧化物相比,表现出显著低的晶体中锂离子扩散速率;因此优选制备小颗粒形式的氧化物以补偿所述锂离子的慢扩散速率。此外,为了制备独立相初级粒子形式的多组分过渡金属氧化物,必须在制备过程期间提高烧结温度。然而,提高烧结温度可导致晶体结构的非均一。因此,烧结温度应降低以形成均一晶体结构,但所述低烧结温度又可使粒子直径的生长受限。
基于这些原因,多组分过渡金属氧化物,例如二元过渡金属氧化物和三元过渡金属氧化物,以初级粒子的凝聚体次级粒子形式制备,并且所述凝聚结构限制了电解质接近颗粒表面。因此,多组分过渡金属氧化物的速率特性通常劣于单过渡金属氧化物。
因此,本发明二次电池中的阴极活性材料优选含有具有低电解质可湿性的凝聚体次级粒子结构的多组分过渡金属氧化物作为主要成分。更具体而言,多组分过渡金属氧化物的含量,基于阴极活性材料的总重量,在5重量%以上、优选20重量%以上的范围内。因此,前述添加剂可改善在具有凝聚体次级粒子结构的多组分过渡金属氧化物上电解质的可湿性,从而将锂离子的扩散速率提高到对应于初级粒子的水平。
对多组分过渡金属氧化物无具体限制,只要它们为具有低电解质可湿性的凝聚体结构的材料即可。优选,锂镍-锰-钴氧化物可用作多组分过渡金属氧化物。锂镍-锰-钴氧化物的一个典型实例可为LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2。
添加剂加入到电解质中时,基于电解质的总重量,优选含量为0.01至10重量%。如果添加剂的含量过低,则难以达到加入添加剂所想要的效果。另一方面,如果添加剂的含量过高,这可不良地导致由于电解质的粘度提高而造成的溶液灌注过程问题。
此外,当添加剂直接包含于阴极活性材料时,基于阴极混合物的总重量,优选加入0.05至5重量%的添加剂。如果添加剂的含量过低,则难以达到所想要的加入效果。另一方面,如果添加剂的含量过高,这可不良地导致由于内阻提高而造成的电池工作特性恶化。
含全氟化磺酰氨基取代基的聚合物为能改善阴极活性材料上电解质可湿性的添加剂;其实例可包括其中聚环氧乙烷(PEO)和聚环氧丙烷(PPO)的嵌段共聚结构的任一端或两端具有一个或多个全氟化磺酰氨基取代基的改性共聚物。
PEO-PPO嵌段共聚物具有由亲水聚环氧乙烷(PEO)链和疏水聚环氧丙烷(PPO)链作为重复单元组成的结构。PEO-PPO嵌段共聚物对电池的工作机理具有极小的不利作用。PEO-PPO嵌段共聚物由于分子结构中存在的亲水和疏水部分可改善电极上电解质的可湿性。此外,上述材料,与单独使用PEO-PPO嵌段共聚物相比,通过结合在嵌段共聚结构端的具有大量极低表面能的氟的全氟化磺酰氨基取代基,具有更低的表面能。该类型的结合致使所述材料的表面能梯度发生变化,其然后可优化阴极上电解质的可湿性并因此对高速率放电特性的改善作出贡献。
PEO-PPO嵌段共聚物中PEO嵌段和PPO嵌段的数目无具体限定。此外,不受构成共聚物各端的嵌段的类型的影响,一个或多个全氟化磺酰氨基取代基可结合到共聚物的任一端或两端。
此外,由于PEO-PPO嵌段共聚物由PEO嵌段和PPO嵌段组成,更优选当建造其两端时全氟化磺酰氨基取代基结合到PEO嵌段端的结构。这是因为将全氟化磺酰氨基取代基结合到PPO嵌段端时导致能量梯度向一侧倾斜,从而减弱所想要的效果。也就是说,当在所述材料的两端存在疏水官能团时,表面活性剂在材料上以V形作用,从而提供两个连接亲水基团和疏水基团的锚。然而,将全氟化磺酰氨基取代基结合到PPO嵌段端时,导致表面活性剂在材料上以I形作用,从而提供仅一个锚,因此降低了取代基加入的效力。
在一个优选实施方案中,添加剂为一种由以下式I表示的共聚物:
其中n在40至1000的范围内,m在40至200的范围内,并且n=Am,其中A为1至5的值。
作为式I材料的典型实例,FC4430(由3M制造)市售可得。
添加剂可直接加入到阴极活性材料或电解质中,或者如果合适可在其溶解或分散于合适溶剂中之后加入。
PEO-PPO嵌段共聚物中PEO的含量至少高于PPO,并基于共聚物的总重量优选在30至80重量%范围内。因此,由于PEO嵌段足够长,全氟化磺酰氨基取代基和PPO嵌段之间的距离增加使其之间排斥力变弱,从而使共聚物的V-形弯曲的获得相对更容易。
另一方面,如果嵌段共聚物中PEO的含量低于PPO,则PEO嵌段短于PPO嵌段。结果,由于全氟化磺酰氨基取代基和PPO嵌段的表面能差所产生的排斥力,V-形共聚物的存在变得不稳定,因此不可能充分发挥锚效应。
以下,将描述本发明锂二次电池制造所必需的其它组件。
锂二次电池阴极通过以下方式制造:将一种浆料形式的前述阴极活性材料、导电性材料和粘合剂的混合物涂覆到阴极集电器上,随后干燥并挤压。如果需要,还可将填充剂加入到上述混合物中。
阴极集电器通常制造为具有3至500μm的厚度。对用于阴极集电器的材料没有具体限定,只要它们具有高导电性同时不造成所制造电池的化学变化即可。作为阴极集电器的材料的实例,可提及不锈钢、铝、镍、钛、烧结碳以及经碳、镍、钛或银表面处理的铝或不锈钢。阴极集电器可制造为在其表面上具有精细的不规则性从而提高与阴极活性材料的粘附力。此外,集电器可具有多种形式,包括薄膜、薄片、箔、网状物、多孔结构、泡沫和无纺布。
导电性材料,基于包括阴极活性材料的混合物的总重量,通常以1至50重量%的量加入。对导电性材料没有具体限定,只要它具有合适的导电性同时不造成所制造电池的化学变化即可。作为导电性材料的实例,可提及的导电性材料包括石墨如天然或人造石墨;炭黑类如炭黑、乙炔黑、科琴黑(Ketjen black)、槽法炭黑、炉法炭黑、灯黑和热裂炭黑;导电性纤维如碳纤维和金属纤维;金属粉末如氟化碳粉末、铝粉末和镍粉末;导电性须晶如氧化锌和钛酸钾;导电性金属氧化物如氧化钛;以及聚亚苯基衍生物。
粘合剂为一种帮助活性材料和导电性材料之间粘合以及活性材料与集电器粘合的组分。粘合剂,基于包括阴极活性材料的混合物的总重量,通常以1至50重量%的量加入。作为粘合剂的实例,可提及聚偏二氟乙烯、聚乙烯醇、羧甲基纤维素(CMC)、淀粉、羟丙基纤维素、再生纤维素、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、四氟乙烯、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、乙烯-丙烯-二烯三元共聚物(EPDM)、磺化EPDM、丁苯橡胶、氟橡胶和多种共聚物。
填充剂为一种任选加入以抑制阴极膨胀的成分。对填充剂没有具体限定,只要它不造成所制造电池的化学变化并且为纤维状材料即可。作为填充剂的实例,可使用烯烃聚合物如聚乙烯和聚丙烯;以及纤维状材料如玻璃纤维和碳纤维。
锂二次电池的阳极通过以下方式制造:将一种阳极材料涂覆到阳极集电器上,随后干燥并挤压。如果需要,还可包括上述用于阴极的其它组分(例如粘合剂、导电性材料、填充剂等)。
阳极集电器通常制造为具有3至500μm的厚度。对阳极集电器的材料没有具体限定,只要它们具有合适的导电性同时不造成所制造电池的化学变化即可。作为阳极集电器的材料的实例,可提及铜、不锈钢、铝、镍、钛、烧结碳,及经碳、镍、钛或银表面处理的铜或不锈钢,以及铝-镉合金。类似于阴极集电器,阳极集电器也可被处理为在其表面上形成精细的不规则性从而提高与阳极活性材料的粘附力。此外,阳极集电器可以多种形式使用,包括薄膜、薄片、箔、网状物、多孔结构、泡沫和无纺布。
作为本发明中可使用的阳极材料的实例,可提及碳如非石墨化碳和石墨基碳;金属复合氧化物如LixFe2O3(0≤x≤1)、LixWO2(0≤x≤1)和SnxMe1-xMe’yOz(Me:Mn、Fe、Pb或Ge;Me’:Al、B、P、S i、元素周期表中第I、II、III族元素,或者卤素;0<x≤1;1≤y≤3;并且1≤z≤8);锂金属;锂合金;硅基合金;锡基合金;金属氧化物如SnO、SnO2、PbO、PbO2、Pb2O3、Pb3O4、Sb2O3、Sb2O4、Sb2O5、GeO、GeO2、Bi2O3、Bi2O4和Bi2O5;导电性聚合物如聚乙炔;以及Li-Co-Ni基材料。
锂二次电池的隔离膜被插入阴极和阳极之间。作为隔离膜,可使用具有高离子渗透性和机械强度的绝缘薄膜。隔离膜通常具有0.01至10μm的孔径和5至300μm的厚度。作为隔离膜,可使用由烯烃聚合物例如聚丙烯和/或玻璃纤维或聚乙烯制成的薄片或无纺布,其具有耐化学性和疏水性。当固体电解质例如聚合物用作电解质时,该固体电解质也可同时作为隔离膜和电解质。
锂二次电池的非水性电解质由非水性电解质和锂组成。作为非水性电解质,可使用非水性电解溶液、有机固体电解质或无机固体电解质。
作为可用于本发明的非水性电解溶液,例如可提及非质子有机溶剂如N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮(pyrollidinone)、碳酸异丙烯酯、碳酸亚乙酯、碳酸亚丁酯、碳酸二甲酯、碳酸二乙酯、γ-丁内酯、1,2-二甲氧基乙烷、四羟基Franc、2-甲基四氢呋喃、二甲亚砜、1,3-二氧戊环、甲酰胺、二甲基甲酰胺、二氧戊环、乙腈、硝基甲烷、甲酸甲酯、乙酸甲酯、磷酸三酯、三甲氧基甲烷、二氧戊环衍生物、砜、甲基砜、1,3-二甲基-2-咪唑烷酮、碳酸异丙烯酯衍生物、四氢呋喃衍生物、醚、丙酸甲酯和丙酸乙酯。
作为本发明所用有机固体电解质的实例,可提及聚乙烯衍生物、聚环氧乙烷衍生物、聚环氧丙烷衍生物、磷酸酯聚合物、聚搅拌赖氨酸(poly agitation lysine)、聚酯硫化物、聚乙烯醇、聚偏二氟乙烯以及含有离子离解基团的聚合物。
作为本发明所用无机固体电解质的实例,可提及锂的氮化物、卤化物和硫酸盐如Li3N、LiI、Li5NI2、Li3N-LiI-LiOH、LiSiO4、LiSiO4-LiI-LiOH、Li2SiS3、Li4SiO4、Li4SiO4-LiI-LiOH和Li3PO4-Li2S-SiS2。
锂盐为一种易溶于上述非水性电解质中的材料,并且可包括例如LiCl、LiBr、LiI、LiClO4、LiBF4、LiB10Cl10、LiPF6、LiCF3SO3、LiCF3CO2、LiAsF6、LiSbF6、LiAlCl4、CH3SO3Li、CF3SO3Li、(CF3SO2)2NLi、氯硼烷锂、低级脂族羧酸锂、四苯基硼酸锂和亚胺。
此外,为了改善充电/放电特性和阻燃性,可将例如以下物质加入到非水性电解质中:吡啶、亚磷酸三乙酯、三乙醇胺、环醚、1,2-乙二胺、n-甘醇二甲醚、六磷酰三胺、硝基苯衍生物、硫、醌亚胺染料、N-取代的噁唑烷酮、N,N-取代的咪唑烷、乙二醇二烷基醚、铵盐、吡咯、2-甲氧基乙醇、三氯化铝等。如果需要,为了赋予不燃性,该非水性电解质还可包括含卤溶剂例如四氯化碳和三氟乙烯。此外,为了改善高温贮藏特性,该非水性电解质还可包括二氧化碳气体。
附图说明
本发明的以上和其它的目的、特征和其它优点将由以下详细描述与附图一起得到更清楚地理解,其中
图1为一幅示出了在1.5C放电条件下实施例1和对比实施例1的电池的放电容量的变化的曲线图;以及
图2为一幅示出了在2C放电条件下实施例1和对比实施例1的电池的放电容量的变化的曲线图。
具体实施方式
现在,将结合以下实施例对本发明进行更详细地描述。提供这些实施例仅用于示例本发明并不应解释为对本发明范围和主旨的限制。
[实施例1]
锂二次电池根据以下步骤制造。
1-1.阴极的制造
将一种平均粒子直径为约10μm的LiCoO2和LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2(“NMC”)的混合物用作阴极活性材料。具体而言,将47.5重量%的LiCoO2、47.5重量%的NMC、2.5重量%的Super-P(导电性材料)和2.5重量%的PVdF(粘合剂)加入到作为溶剂的N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮(NMP)中制备阴极浆料。此后,将得到的阴极浆料以3mAh/cm2涂覆到铝集电器上、干燥并挤压为131μm的厚度以制造阴极。
1-2.阳极的制造
将作为阴极活性材料的95.3重量%的平均粒子直径为约10μm的人造石墨、0.7重量%Super-P(导电性材料)和4重量%的PVdF(粘合剂)加入到作为溶剂的NMP中制备阳极浆料。此后,将得到的阳极浆料以3mAh/cm2涂覆到铜集电器上、干燥并挤压为125μm的厚度以制造阳极。
1-3.电解质的制备
将含1M LiPF6的碳酸亚乙酯(EC)/碳酸乙甲酯(EMC)基的EC/EMC(1∶2)有机溶液用作电解质。作为由全氟化磺酰胺取代的PEO-PPO嵌段共聚物,将0.5重量%的FC4430(由3M制造)加入到电解质溶液中,从而制备锂二次电池的电解质。
1-4.电池的制造
将厚度为20μm的多孔隔离膜(商品名:CelgardTM)置于分别于1-1和1-2节中所制造的阴极和阳极之间,并将于1-3节中所制备的非水性电解质注入所得到的电极组件中从而制造锂二次电池。在此,注射电解质之后,不单独老化处理而进行电池组装。
[对比实施例1]
锂二次电池以与实施例1相同的方式制造,不同之处在于不将FC4430加入到电解质中。
[对比实施例2]
锂二次电池以与实施例1相同的方式制造,不同之处在于仅将LiCoO2用作阴极活性材料。
[对比实施例3]
锂二次电池以与对比实施例2相同的方式制造,不同之处在于不将FC4430加入到电解质中。
[实施例2]
锂二次电池以与实施例1相同的方式制造,不同之处在于将20重量%的NMC加入到阴极活性材料中。
[对比实施例4]
锂二次电池以与实施例2相同的方式制造,不同之处在于不将FC4430加入到电解质中。
[实验实施例1]
将实施例1和2以及对比实施例1至4中所制造的锂二次电池以0.2C、0.5C、1C、1.5C和2C的速率放电,并比较它们的放电容量。如此获得的结果于下表1中给出。表1示出了在多种放电条件下容量的相对值,以0.2C放电条件为基准(100)。此外,实施例1以及对比实施例1的二次电池的1.5C和2C放电曲线图示于图1和2中。
<表1>
实施例1 | 对比实施例1 | 对比实施例2 | 对比实施例3 | 实施例2 | 对比实施例4 | |
0.2C | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
0.5C | 97.934 | 97.414 | 98.390 | 98.321 | 98.290 | 98.291 |
1C | 95.592 | 94.612 | 96.721 | 96.724 | 96.72 | 96.55 |
1.5C | 93.611 | 92.211 | 95.949 | 96.006 | 95.821 | 94.352 |
2C | 88.337 | 84.281 | 92.709 | 92.832 | 91.018 | 89.201 |
从表1中可看出,放电速率的提高通常导致放电容量的下降。然而,当以高于1C的速率进行高速率放电时,与对比实施例1的电池相比,本发明实施例1的电池表现出较好的放电容量。特别地,可看出放电速率的提高导致放电容量的巨大差异。所述结果可类似地见于实施例2的电池和对比实施例4的电池。
另一方面,可看出,与含有多组分过渡金属氧化物作为主要成分的电池(对比实施例1)相比,仅使用单过渡金属氧化物LiCoO2作为阴极活性材料的电池(对比实施例2和3)总体上表现出较好的高速率放电容量保持率(%),但它们基本上不受FC4430加入的影响。
结果,可看出,其中含有至少一部分多组分过渡金属氧化物——例如NMC——作为电极活性材料的电池,由于本发明添加剂的加入而改善了阴极可湿性从而表现出提高的高速率放电容量。
产业实用性
如从上述说明中显而易见的,本发明的二次电池由于将一种添加剂加入到阴极混合物和/或电解质中改善阴极的可湿性而获得增加的电解质-阴极反应面积从而表现出提高的高速率放电容量。
尽管本发明的优选实施方案已为示例目的公开,但本领域技术人员将意识到在不背离所附权利要求所公开的本发明范围和主旨的情况下可进行多种改进、添加和取代。
Claims (5)
1.一种包含具有低电解质可湿性的阴极活性材料的二次电池,其中将含全氟化磺酰氨基取代基的聚合物作为添加剂加入到阴极混合物和/或电解质中而改善高速率放电特性;
当将所述添加剂加入到电解质中时,添加剂,基于电解质的总重量,以0.01至10重量%的量加入,并且
当将所述添加剂加入到阴极混合物中时,添加剂,基于阴极混合物的总重量,以0.05至5重量%的量加入,
所述具有低电解质可湿性的阴极活性材料为含多种过渡金属元素的多组分阴极活性材料;
所述含多种过渡金属元素的多组分阴极活性材料的含量,基于整个阴极活性材料的总重量,在20重量%以上的范围内;
所述添加剂为一种聚环氧乙烷PEO和聚环氧丙烷PPO的嵌段共聚结构的任一端或两端结合有一个或多个全氟化磺酰氨基取代基的改性共聚物;
改性共聚物中PEO的含量基于改性共聚物的总重量在30至80重量%范围内,且PEO的含量高于PPO的含量。
2.权利要求1的电池,其中多组分阴极活性材料具有其中初级粒子凝聚形成次级粒子的凝聚体次级粒子结构。
3.权利要求1的电池,其中含多种过渡金属元素的多组分阴极活性材料为锂镍-锰-钴氧化物。
4.权利要求1的电池,其中PEO-PPO嵌段共聚物由PEO嵌段和PPO嵌段组成,并且当建造该嵌段共聚物两端时全氟化磺酰氨基取代基结合到PEO嵌段端。
5.一种包含具有低电解质可湿性的阴极活性材料的二次电池,其中将含全氟化磺酰氨基取代基的聚合物作为添加剂加入到阴极混合物和/或电解质中而改善高速率放电特性;
当将所述添加剂加入到电解质中时,添加剂,基于电解质的总重量,以0.01至10重量%的量加入,并且
当将所述添加剂加入到阴极混合物中时,添加剂,基于阴极混合物的总重量,以0.05至5重量%的量加入,
所述具有低电解质可湿性的阴极活性材料为含多种过渡金属元素的多组分阴极活性材料;
所述含多种过渡金属元素的多组分阴极活性材料的含量,基于整个阴极活性材料的总重量,在20重量%以上的范围内;
所述添加剂为一种聚环氧乙烷PEO和聚环氧丙烷PPO的嵌段共聚结构的任一端或两端结合有一个或多个全氟化磺酰氨基取代基的改性共聚物;
其中所述改性共聚物由以下式I表示:
其中n在40至1000的范围内,m在40至200的范围内,并且n=Am,其中A为一个1至5的值;
且所述改性共聚物中PEO的含量基于改性共聚物的总重量在30至80重量%范围内,且PEO的含量高于PPO的含量。
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EP2064768A4 (en) | 2012-02-01 |
TW200816542A (en) | 2008-04-01 |
WO2008035854A1 (en) | 2008-03-27 |
BRPI0718466B8 (pt) | 2023-03-21 |
JP2010503969A (ja) | 2010-02-04 |
EP2064768A1 (en) | 2009-06-03 |
KR20080025427A (ko) | 2008-03-21 |
TWI349384B (en) | 2011-09-21 |
CN101517812A (zh) | 2009-08-26 |
BRPI0718466A2 (pt) | 2013-12-03 |
US8129053B2 (en) | 2012-03-06 |
BRPI0718466B1 (pt) | 2018-05-08 |
EP2064768B1 (en) | 2013-12-25 |
JP5474553B2 (ja) | 2014-04-16 |
KR100892048B1 (ko) | 2009-04-06 |
US20100047694A1 (en) | 2010-02-25 |
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