CN101355709B - 用于减少数字图像中的色彩伪像的技术 - Google Patents
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Abstract
根据一个实施例的用于减少数字图像中的伪像的技术包括接收表示所述图像的原始过滤器像素数据的流。所述原始过滤器像素数据经内插以产生每一像素的红色、红底绿色行、蓝底绿色行和蓝色像素数据。依据给定像素中的每一者的所述红底绿色行与蓝底绿色行像素数据之间的差异来减少一个或一个以上给定像素中的伪像,从而产生经调整的内插像素数据。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及减少数字图像中的色彩伪像的技术。
背景技术
计算装置已对现代社会的进步作出了显著的贡献且其用于许多应用中以实现有利的结果。众多装置(例如,数码相机、计算机、游戏控制台、视频设备、手持式计算装置、音频装置和电话)已在娱乐、教育、商业和科学的大部分领域中传送和分析数据中促进增加的生产率和降低的成本。举例来说,数码相机已在个人使用和商业使用中变得流行。
图1展示示范性数码相机。数码相机100通常包括一个或一个以上透镜110、一个或一个以上过滤器120、一个或一个以上图像传感器阵列130、模拟到数字转换器(ADC)140、数字信号处理器(DSP)150和一个或一个以上计算装置可读媒体150。图像传感器130包括数百、上千、数百万或更多的成像像素的二维阵列,每一成像像素将光(例如,光子)转换为电子。图像传感器130可以是电荷耦合装置(CCD)、互补金属氧化物半导体(CMOS)装置等等。过滤器120可以是在单色像素的情况下产生马赛克的贝尔(Bayer)过滤器。单色像素的马赛克通常布置在红色、绿色和蓝色像素的图案中。
在示范性实施方案中,数码相机100可包括透镜110以使光聚焦穿过贝尔过滤器120且到达图像传感器130上。穿过贝尔过滤器120的每一单色像素的光子由图像传感器130中的相应的像素传感器感测。模拟到数字转换器(ADC)140将由像素传感器阵列感测的光子强度转换为相应的数字像素数据。由DSP 150使用去马赛克算法来处理原始像素数据以产生最终内插像素数据。最终内插像素数据通常存储在计算装置可读媒体160中的一者或一者以上中。计算装置可读媒体160中的一者或一者以上也可存储原始像素数据。
现参看图2,其展示示范性贝尔过滤器。贝尔过滤器图案使红色和绿色过滤器210、220的行与蓝色和绿色过滤器230、240的行交替。贝尔过滤器使红色、绿色和蓝色的彩色滤光器交错,使得(1)每一像素仅感测一种色彩,以及(2)在感测平面上的任何2×2像素群集中,总是存在感测绿色信息的两个像素、用于红色的一个像素和用于蓝色的一个像素。去马赛克算法从周围原始像素数据内插用于每一像素的另外两个色彩分量。举例来说,如果给定像素产生红色信号,那么去马赛克算法从周围原始像素数据内插绿色和蓝色色彩信号。
贝尔过滤器/图像传感器经受色彩伪像。当景象含有超过贝尔阵列的奈奎斯特(Nyquist)速率的高频图案时发生色彩伪像。因此,不断需要对用以减少色彩伪像的改进的成像处理技术。
发明内容
本发明的实施例针对于用于减少数字图像中的伪像的技术。在一个实施例中,数字图像数据的去马赛克方法包括接收给定图像所原始像素数据。使用第一去马赛克内核大小来低通过滤所述原始像素数据,以确定每一像素的第一级内插像素数据。使用第二去马赛克内核大小来低通过滤所述原始像素数据,以确定每一像素的第二级内插像素数据。根据所述第一级内插像素数据来确定每一像素中是否存在伪像。如果在给定像素处不存在所述伪像,那么所述给定像素的经调整内插像素数据等于所述给定像素的所述第一级内插像素数据。如果确定在所述给定像素处存在所述伪像,那么所述给定像素的所述经调整内插像素数据等于所述给定像素的所述第一级内插像素数据与所述第二级内插像素数据的混合。接着可将图像的所述经调整的内插像素数据输出和/或存储在存储器中。
在另一实施例中,一种方法包括接收给定图像的贝尔过滤器像素数据的流。分别利用第一和第二内核大小来确定每一像素的水平第一级和第二级低通过滤器值。也分别利用第一和第二内核大小来确定每一像素的垂直第一级和第二级低通过滤器值。根据水平和垂直第一级低通过滤器值来确定每一像素的第一级内插像素数据。同样根据水平和垂直第二级低通过滤器值来确定每一像素的第二级内插像素数据。转换所述第一级和第二级内插像素数据的色彩空间以分离每一级的色度分量和亮度分量。依据给定像素中的每一者的像素数据的所述红底绿色行与蓝底绿色行色度分量之间的差异来减少第一级内插像素数据的色度分量,从而产生经调整的内插像素数据。
在另一实施例中,所述方法包括接收给定图像的贝尔像素数据。使用第一内核大小来低通过滤贝尔像素数据以确定第一级内插像素数据。还使用第二内核大小来低通过滤贝尔像素数据以确定第二级内插像素数据。如果第一级内插像素数据中的色度分量之间的差异低于规定级,那么给定像素的经调整内插数据等于给定像素的第一级内插像素数据。如果第一级内插像素数据中的色度分量之间的差异高于规定级且第二级内插像素数据中的色度分量之间的差异低于规定级,那么给定像素的经调整内插像素数据等于给定像素的第一级内插像素数据与第二级内插像素数据的混合。所述方法可进一步包括通过使用逐渐增大的内核大小来低通过滤贝尔像素数据而产生额外级的色度分量,直到下一级的色度分量之间的差异低于规定级为止。在此情况下,可将经调整内插像素数据设置为等于色度分量之间的差异低于规定级的级的内插像素数据与一个或一个以上先前级的混合。
附图说明
在附图的图中以举例的方式且并非以限制的方式来说明本发明的实施例,且附图中相同参考标号指代类似元件,且其中:
图1展示示范性数码相机的框图。
图2展示示范性贝尔过滤器的框图。
图3展示根据本发明的一个实施例的将数字图像数据去马赛克的方法的流程图。
图4和图5展示根据本发明的另一实施例的将数字图像数据去马赛克的方法的流程图。
图6展示根据本发明的一个实施例的处理示范性像素阵列的框图。
图7和图8展示根据本发明的另一实施例的将数字图像数据去马赛克的方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
现将详细参考本发明的实施例,其实例说明于附图中。虽然将结合这些实施例来描述本发明,但应了解并不希望其将本发明限制于这些实施例。相反,希望本发明包括可包括在如所附权利要求书所界定的本发明的范围内的替代物、修改和等效物。此外,在本发明的以下详细描述中,陈述了众多特定细节以便提供对本发明的全面理解。然而,应了解,可在没有这些特定细节的情况下实施本发明。在其它例子中,未详细描述众所周知的方法、程序、组件和电路以避免不必要地混淆本发明的各方面。
现参看图3,其为根据本发明的一个实施例的将数字图像数据去马赛克的方法。方法在310处以接收用于给定图像的原始像素数据开始。原始像素数据可包括作为流接收的红色、绿色和蓝色像素数据,在接收像素时大体上对所述流执行以下处理。在320处,使用第一去马赛克内核大小来低通过滤所接收的像素数据以确定每一像素的第一级内插像素数据PL1。第一级内插像素数据PL1包括红色(R)色彩值、红底绿色行(Gr)色彩值、蓝底绿色行(Gb)色彩值和蓝色(B)色彩值。在330处,还使用第二去马赛克内核大小来低通过滤所接收的像素数据以确定每一像素的第二级内插像素数据PL2。第二级内插像素数据PL2包括红色(R)色彩值、红底绿色行(Gr)色彩值、蓝底绿色行(Gb)色彩值和蓝色(B)色彩值。第二级的内核大小大于第一级的内核大小。可通过在水平方向上平均化像素数据和在垂直方向上递归过滤像素数据来执行第一级和第二级的低通过滤。
在340处,确定每一像素是否存在伪像。可基于第一级内插像素数据PL1中的Gr和Gb信号之间的绝对差来检测伪像。如果在局部区域中,Gr信号大体上不同于Gb信号强度,那么很可能景象频率超过蓝色和红色的奈奎斯特速率。因此,当Gr信号强度大体上不同于Gb信号强度时检测到色彩伪像。
在350处,如果未检测到色彩伪像,那么将给定像素的经调整内插像素数据设置为等于给定像素的第一级内插像素数据。具体地说,给定像素的内插像素数据的色度分量将是第一级色度分量。在360处,如果检测到色彩伪像,那么给定像素的经调整内插像素数据设置为等于给定像素的第一级内插像素数据与第二级内插像素数据的混合。具体地说,将通过使第一级色度分量与第二级色度分量混合来产生给定像素的内插像素数据的色度分量。第一级与第二级色度分量之间的混合比率可基于Gr与Gb信号之间的差异。可根据一种或一种以上其它数字图像处理技术来进一步处理经调整内插像素数据,或其可能是最终内插像素数据。在370处,将经调整内插像素存储在计算装置可读媒体中。
现参看图4和图5,其展示根据本发明的另一实施例的将数字图像数据去马赛克的方法。将进一步参看图6来描述将数字图像数据去马赛克的方法,图6说明示范性像素阵列的处理。所述方法在410处以接收给定图像的贝尔过滤器像素数据的流而开始。在415处,分别利用第一内核大小(W1)和第二内核大小(W2)来确定每一像素的水平第一级和第二级低通过滤器值。如果传入的图像宽度是W,那么在第一级低通过滤器中的元件数目将是W/W1,且第二级低通过滤器中的元件数目将是W/W2。第二级中的内核大小W2大于第一级中的内核大小W1。在一个实施方案中,W1和W2可能是2的幂。当接收传入的像素时,可分别对第一级(L1)和第二级(L2)累加像素值,如等式1和2中所说明。
AccumL1+=Pin (1)
AccumL2+=Pin (2)
当累加W1个像素时,对总和求平均值且将其发送到L1行以用于垂直低通过滤,如等式3中所说明。类似地,当累加W2个像素时,对总和求平均值且将其发送到低通过滤的L2行,如等式4中所说明。
如果(AccumL1=full)
AccumL1/=W1(3)
如果(AccumL2=fiill)
AccumL2/=W2(4)
如果W1和W2是2的幂,那么可通过右移来实施平均化。
在420处,确定每一像素的垂直第一级和第二级低通过滤器值。在一个实施方案中,可通过递归过滤来进行垂直方向上的低通过滤,例如一个分接头无限脉冲响应(1分接头IIR)过滤器。当进行局部W1和W2像素组的水平平均化时,将使平均值更新到L1和L2行中的相应元件,如等式5和6中所说明。
L1[i]+=(AccumL1-L1[I])/KL1(5)
L2[j]+=(AccumL2-L2[j])/KL2(6)
等式5和6中的KL1和KL2是IIR过滤器系数。如果KL1和KL2是2的幂,那么可通过右移来实施除法。
在425处,产生每一像素的第一级和第二级内插像素数据。可通过线性内插来产生去马赛克输出Pout的低通第一级和第二级像素值(PL1、PL2)。举例来说,假设X是Pout的横坐标,且m=floor(X/W1)和n=floor(X/W2),那么可如等式7和8中所说明而产生PL1和PL2。
PL1=f1*L1[m]+(1-f1)*L1[m+1](7)
PL2=f2*L2[n]+(1-f2)*L2[n+1](8)
其中f1=1-(X-m*W1)/W1且f2=1-(X-n*W2)/W2。
在430处,内插像素数据的色彩空间经转换以将其分离为亮度和色度分量。色彩伪像减少的目标是用PL1或PL2或PL1与PL2的组合来替换Pout的色度分量。为此执行色彩转换以分离RGB色彩的亮度和色度分量(Pout、PL1和PL2),如等式9、10、11、12、13和14中所说明。
Y=(R+(G*2)+B)/4(9)
U=B-Y (10)
V=R-Y (11)
逆变换为:
R=Y+V (12)
G=Y-(U+V)/2 (13)
B=Y+U (14)
其中Y是亮度分量,且U和V是色度分量。
在435处,基于红底绿色(Gr)与蓝底绿色(Gb)分量之间的差异有多大来减少色彩伪像,如等式15、16、17和18中所说明。
fL1=|Pout(Gr)-Pout(Gb)|/2^p (15)
fL2=|PL1(Gr)-PL1(Gb)|/2^p (16)
Uadjusted=(1-fL1)*Pout(U)+fL1((1-fL2)*PL1(U)+fL2*PL2(U))(17)
Vadjusted=(1-fL1)*Pout(V)+fL1*((1-fL2)*PL1(V)+fL2*PL2(V))(18)
如果Gr和Gb较大,那么经调整的U和V将接近L1与L2色度分量的混合。也通过Gr-Gb差异来加权混合。具体地说,如果在L1处的Gr和Gb分量较接近,那么来自L2的影响将较小。也可使用数个控制参数来调整色度混合的加权,如等式19和20中所说明。
f′=f-Coring (19)
如果f′<0
f′=0
f″=f′*weighting (20)
fL1和fL2可具有{Coring,Weighting}参数的单独集合。
在440处,经调整的内插像素数据存储在一个或一个以上计算装置可读媒体中。存储在计算装置可读媒体中的经调整的内插像素数据可经输出以呈现给用户,或可根据一种或一种以上其它数字成像技术来进一步处理。
现参看图7和图8,其展示根据本发明的另一实施例的将数字图像数据去马赛克的方法。所述方法在710处以接收给定图像的贝尔像素数据而开始。贝尔像素数据可作为流或红色、绿色和蓝色像素数据来接收,在接收像素时大体上在运行中对所述流或像素数据执行以下处理。在720处,使用第一去马赛克内核大小来低通过滤贝尔像素数据以确定每一像素的第一级内插像素数据PL1。第一级内插像素数据包括红色(R)色彩信号、红底绿色行(Gr)色彩信号、蓝底绿色行(Gb)色彩信号和蓝色(B)色彩信号。在730处,还使用第二去马赛克内核大小来低通过滤所接收的像素数据以确定每一像素的第二级内插像素数据PL2。第二级内插像素数据PL2包括红色(R)色彩信号、红底绿色行(Gr)色彩信号、蓝底绿色行(Gb)色彩信号和蓝色(B)色彩信号。第二级的内核大小大于第一级的内核大小。
在740处,如果第一级内插像素数据的Gr与Gb信号之间的差异低于规定级,那么将给定像素的经调整内插像素数据的色度分量设置为第一级色度分量。在750处,如果第一级内插像素数据的Gr与Gb信号之间的差异高于规定级且第二级的Gr与Gb信号之间的差异低于规定级,那么通过使第一级色度分量与第二级色度分量混合来产生给定像素的经调整内插像素数据的色度分量。第一级和第二级色度分量之间的混合比率可基于第一级的Gr与Gb信号之间的差异。
在760处,如果第一级和第二级内插像素数据的Gr与Gb信号之间的差异高于规定级,那么使用第三去马赛克内核大小来低通过滤所接收的像素数据以确定给定像素的第三级内插像素数据PL2。第三级的内核大小大于第二级的内核大小。在770处,如果第一级和第二级低通过滤器值的Gr与Gb信号之间的差异高于规定级,那么通过使第二级色度分量与第三级色度分量混合来产生给定像素的经调整内插像素数据的色度分量。第二级和第三级色度分量之间的混合比率可基于第二级中的Gr与Gb信号之间的差异。在另一实施方案中,如果第一级和第二级内插像素数据的Gr与Gb信号之间的差异高于规定级,那么通过使第一级、第二级和第三级色度分量混合而产生给定像素的最终内插像素数据的色度分量。在另一实施方案中,可使用逐渐增大的内核大小进行低通过滤而产生额外级的色度分量,直到给定级的Gr与Gb信号之间的差异高于规定级且下一级的Gr与Gb信号之间的差异低于规定级为止。在此实施方案中,可通过使来自下一级的色度分量与先前级中的一者和一者以上混合而产生特定像素的经调整内插像素数据的色度分量。在780处,经调整内插像素数据存储在计算装置可读媒体中。
可通过数码相机的数字信号处理器或通过独立的计算装置来实施用于减少数字图像中的伪像的上述技术。上述技术可包含在计算装置可执行指令(软件)、硬件和/或固件中。所述技术在减少脱色的同时有利地减少了假色。另外,上述技术并未导致过分的行缓冲。
已出于说明和描述的目的呈现了本发明的特定实施例的上述描述。并不希望其是详尽的或将本发明限于所揭示的精确形式,且显然,依照上述教示,许多修改和变化是可能的。实施例经选择和描述以便最佳解释本发明的原理及其实际应用,从而使所属领域的技术人员能够最佳利用本发明和各种实施例以及各种修改(只要其适合于所预期的特定用途)。预期本发明的范围由本文所附的权利要求书及其等效物来界定。
Claims (9)
1.一种将数字图像数据去马赛克的方法,其包含:
接收给定图像的原始像素数据;
使用第一去马赛克内核大小来低通过滤所述原始像素数据,以确定每一像素的第一级内插像素数据;
使用第二去马赛克内核大小来低通过滤所述原始像素数据,以确定每一像素的第二级内插像素数据;
根据所述第一级内插像素数据来确定每一像素是否存在伪像;
如果给定像素处不存在所述伪像,那么将所述给定像素的经调整内插像素数据设置为等于所述给定像素的所述第一级内插像素数据;
如果所述给定像素处存在所述伪像,那么将所述给定像素的经调整内插像素数据设置为等于所述给定像素的所述第一级内插像素数据与所述第二级内插像素数据的混合;以及
将所述经调整的内插像素数据存储在计算装置可读媒体中。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述原始像素数据包含贝尔像素数据。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其中:
每一像素的所述第一级内插像素数据包含红色(R)色彩值、红底绿色行(Gr)色彩值、蓝底绿色行(Gb)色彩值和蓝色(B)色彩值;以及
每一像素的所述第二级内插像素数据包含红色(R)色彩值、红底绿色行(Gr)色彩值、蓝底绿色行(Gb)色彩值和蓝色(B)色彩值。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其中所述第二级的所述去马赛克内核大小大于所述第一级的所述去马赛克内核大小。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其中确定是否存在色彩伪像包含确定所述第一级内插像素数据中的所述红底绿色行(Gr)色彩值与蓝底绿色行(Gb)色彩值之间的绝对差。
6.一种减少数字图像中色彩伪像的方法,其包含:
接收给定图像的贝尔过滤器像素数据的流;
从所述给定图像的每一像素的所述贝尔过滤器像素数据内插红色、红底绿色行、蓝底绿色行和蓝色像素数据包括:
利用第一内核大小来确定每一像素的水平第一级低通过滤器值;
利用第二内核大小来确定每一像素的水平第二级低通过滤器值;
利用所述第一内核大小来确定每一像素的垂直第一级低通过滤器值;
利用所述第二内核大小来确定每一像素的垂直第二级低通过滤器值;
依据给定像素中的每一者的相应内核中所述红底绿色行与蓝底绿色行像素数据之间的差异来减少一个或一个以上给定像素中的内插像素数据的伪像,从而产生经调整的内插像素数据;以及
存储所述经调整的内插像素数据。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其中内插红色、红底绿色行、蓝底绿色行和蓝色像素数据进一步包含:
根据所述水平第一级低通过滤器值和所述垂直第一级低通过滤器值来确定每一像素的第一级内插像素数据;
根据所述水平第二级低通过滤器值和所述垂直第二级低通过滤器值来确定每一像素的第二级内插像素数据;
转换所述第一级内插像素数据的色彩空间以分离色度分量和亮度分量;以及
转换所述第二级内插像素数据的所述色彩空间以分离所述色度分量和所述亮度分量。
8.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其中:
确定每一给定像素的所述水平第一级低通过滤器值的步骤包含,针对所述第一内核大小的相邻像素的每一相应集合来平均化所述像素;以及
确定每一给定像素的所述水平第二级低通过滤器值的步骤包含,针对所述第二内核大小的相邻像素的每一相应集合来平均化所述像素。
9.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其中:
确定每一给定像素的所述垂直第一级低通过滤器值的步骤包含,针对所述第一内核大小的相邻像素的每一相应集合来递归过滤所述像素;以及
确定每一给定像素的所述垂直第二级低通过滤器值的步骤包含,针对所述第二内核大小的相邻像素的每一相应集合来递归过滤所述像素。
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JP5205635B2 (ja) | 2013-06-05 |
JP4693067B2 (ja) | 2011-06-01 |
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TWI405460B (zh) | 2013-08-11 |
JP2011083033A (ja) | 2011-04-21 |
TW200913683A (en) | 2009-03-16 |
US8724895B2 (en) | 2014-05-13 |
DE102008029128A9 (de) | 2009-09-17 |
KR100978688B1 (ko) | 2010-08-30 |
DE102008029128A1 (de) | 2009-04-30 |
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US20090027525A1 (en) | 2009-01-29 |
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