CN101243121B - 各向同性的纤维增强热塑性树脂片材及其制造方法和成型板 - Google Patents
各向同性的纤维增强热塑性树脂片材及其制造方法和成型板 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
各向同性的纤维增强热塑性树脂片材,其特征在于:将含有热塑性树脂和增强纤维的短切纤维预浸坯料以纤维取向变得无规则的方式叠层,对该叠层物进行加热加压而成型为片状,其中该预浸坯料的纤维体积含有率(Vf)为20~50%,该预浸坯料的纤维轴方向的长度为15~45mm,该预浸坯料的厚度为0.13mm以下;以及由其得到的成型板。尽管增强纤维的体积含有率比较低,但也能够得到机械性能及其均匀性优异的纤维增强热塑性树脂片材和成型板。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及纤维增强塑料,具体地说,涉及使用了含有热塑性树脂和增强纤维的短切纤维预浸坯料(chopped strand prepreg)的各向同性的纤维增强热塑性树脂片材及其制造方法以及由该片材得到的成型板。
背景技术
近年来,将碳纤维、玻璃纤维、芳族聚酰胺纤维等增强纤维材料与各种基体树脂复合,得到的纤维增强塑料已广泛用于各种领域和用途。此外,在要求高度机械特性或耐热性等的航空-宇宙领域或一般产业领域中,目前为止,作为基体树脂,一直使用不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂、聚酰亚胺树脂等热固性树脂。但是,特别是在航空-宇宙领域中,这些基体树脂具有脆、抗冲击性差的缺点,因此要求对其进行改进。此外,在热固性树脂的情况下,将其制成预浸坯料时,还存在由于树脂的使用期限短而在预浸坯料的保存管理上存在问题,对于制品形状缺乏追随性,成型时间长且生产效率低等问题。与其相比,热塑性树脂预浸坯料的情况下,制成复合材料时的抗冲击性优异,预浸坯料的保存管理容易,并且成型时间短,还可以降低成型成本。
在以热塑性树脂作为基体的纤维增强热塑性树脂预浸坯料中,从增强纤维的形态及其取向性方面出发,存在以下的类型。(1)使用连续纤维作为增强纤维,制作单向排列纤维片材或编织物,由其与热塑性树脂制作预浸坯料。该预浸坯料具有能够提高纤维的体积含有率的优点,具有在纤维轴方向上弹性模量、强度优异的特性。但是,从一个预浸坯料来看是面内各向异性的,在成型品的成型时,为了确保机械性能的各向同性,必须在纤维轴方向、与其垂直的方向、与其倾斜的方向层合几张预浸坯料。这必然导致成本高,而且存在成型品变厚的问题。此外,(2)作为使用非连续纤维作为增强纤维的类型,有使用了短切纤维的预浸坯料(短切纤维预浸坯料)。其为将以热塑性树脂作为基体的单向排列丝束(纤维束)例如切断为25mm~50mm左右纤维长的小片的预浸坯料。该预浸坯料成型时的流动性,例如冲压成型时的流动性良好,适于成型各种复杂形状的成型品。但是,成型时利用树脂使增强纤维流动的机理是必需的,因此存在不能提高增强纤维的体积含有率的问题。此外,由于增强纤维的体积含有率低,增强纤维的长度短,因此存在弹性模量、强度等物理性能与使用了连续纤维的类型相比差的问题。
特开平9-155862号公报(专利文献1)中记载了如下内容:为了提供增强纤维的重量含有率高,分散性良好,强度、弹性模量为面内准各向同性,并且后加工时的增强纤维的流动性也良好的纤维增强热塑性树脂片材,必须满足以下3个条件,即(1)增强纤维的重量含有率为50%~85%,热塑性树脂的重量含有率为15%~50%,(2)增强纤维的平均纤维长为5mm~50mm,(3)增强纤维无方向性地分散。但是,专利文献1是使用特别是玻璃纤维作为增强纤维,以提高玻璃纤维的重量含有率为目的,没有提出即使增强纤维的体积含有率低,机械性能也优异的方案。
专利文献1:特开平9-155862号公报
发明内容
发明要解决的课题
本发明的目的在于提供使用含有热塑性树脂和增强纤维的短切纤维预浸坯料,尽管增强纤维的体积含有率比较低,但机械性能及其均匀性优异的纤维增强热塑性树脂片材。此外,本发明的目的还在于提供使用了该纤维增强热塑性树脂片材的各向同性的成型板。
用于解决课题的方法
本发明权利要求1所述的发明涉及各向同性的纤维增强热塑性树脂片材,其特征在于:将含有热塑性树脂和增强纤维的短切纤维预浸坯料叠层以使纤维取向无规,对该叠层物进行加热加压而成型为片状,其中该预浸坯料的纤维体积含有率(Vf)为20~50%,该预浸坯料的纤维轴方向的长度为15~45mm,该预浸坯料的厚度为0.13mm以下。
作为本发明另一方案的权利要求3所述的发明涉及成型板,是将一片乃至多片权利要求1所述的纤维增强热塑性树脂片材叠层并成型为一体的成型板,其理论叠层数满足下述式。
理论叠层数=(成型板的厚度)/(一个预浸坯料的厚度)≥10
作为本发明另一方案的权利要求5所述的发明涉及各向同性的纤维增强热塑性树脂片材的制造方法,其特征在于:将含有热塑性树脂和增强纤维的短切纤维预浸坯料叠层以使纤维取向无规,然后对该叠层物进行加热加压,其中该预浸坯料的纤维体积含有率(Vf)为20~50%,该预浸坯料的纤维轴方向的长度为15~45mm,该预浸坯料的厚度为0.13mm以下。
发明效果
本发明的纤维增强热塑性树脂片材及由其得到的成型板与现有的纤维增强热塑性树脂片材或成型板相比,尽管增强纤维的纤维体积含有率低,但由于增强纤维在面内无规分散,因此强度、弹性模量等物理性能优异,而且这些物理性能是各向同性的。再者,本发明中所谓各向同性,意味着强度或弹性模量等机械性能不太因方向而改变,大致均匀。
具体实施方式
本发明的纤维增强热塑性树脂片材使用含有热塑性树脂和增强纤维的短切纤维预浸坯料,所谓短切纤维预浸坯料是指将以热塑性树脂作为基体的单向排列丝束(纤维束)例如切断为25mm~50mm左右纤维长的小片的预浸坯料。作为热塑性树脂,可以列举选自聚丙烯、聚砜、聚醚砜、聚醚酮、聚醚醚酮、芳香族或脂肪族聚酰胺、芳香族聚酯、芳香族聚碳酸酯、聚醚酰亚胺、聚芳醚、热塑性聚酰亚胺、聚酰胺酰亚胺、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚乙烯、丙烯腈丁二烯苯乙烯中的1种或2种以上的树脂等。此外,因用途不同,也可以与一部分热固性树脂混合使用。其中,特别优选耐热性、弹性模量、耐化学品性优异的聚酰胺、聚丙烯、聚碳酸酯、丙烯腈丁二烯苯乙烯(ABS)树脂。在这些热塑性树脂中可以含有通常使用的着色剂或各种添加剂等。
本发明的预浸坯料的纤维体积含有率(Vf)为20~50%,优选为20~45%,因此,热塑性树脂的体积含有率为80~50%,优选为80~55%,与通常的预浸坯料相比,纤维的比例相当少。因此,当增强纤维价格高时,在成本上有利。如果纤维体积含有率(Vf)超过50%,虽然机械性能值提高,但空隙等的产生也增多,有时得到的纤维增强热塑性树脂片材不具有均匀的物理性能,因此不优选。此外,还必须是预浸坯料的纤维轴方向的长度为15~45mm,此外,该预浸坯料的厚度为0.13mm以下,优选0.1mm以下的预浸坯料。如果预浸坯料的纤维轴方向的长度超过45mm,或者如果预浸坯料的厚度超过0.13mm,得到的纤维增强热塑性树脂片材的各向同性容易失去,而且无法得到高物理性能,因此不优选。因此,本发明中,如果体积含有率、纤维长度、厚度不满足上述条件,无法得到具有充分的机械性能并且各向同性的纤维增强热塑性树脂片材。
作为本发明中使用的增强纤维,是指无机纤维、有机纤维、金属纤维或它们的混合构成的纤维。作为无机纤维,可以列举碳纤维、石墨纤维、碳化硅纤维、氧化铝纤维、碳化钨纤维、硼纤维、玻璃纤维等。作为有机纤维,可以列举芳族聚酰胺纤维、高密度聚乙烯纤维、其他一般的尼龙、聚酯等有机纤维。作为金属纤维,可以使用不锈钢、铁等的纤维,此外还有被覆了金属的碳纤维等。特别优选碳纤维。在碳纤维的情况下,优选800~1600tex、12K~24K长丝(filament)的丝束。
本发明的短切纤维预浸坯料如下所述得到:将增强纤维的丝束(纤维束)并丝以使厚度达到0.13mm以下,然后向并丝后的纤维束给予热塑性树脂以使纤维体积含有率(Vf)达到20~50%的范围,对形成的纤维增强热塑性树脂片材进行裁切以使相对于纵向为所需的宽度,优选10~30mm,纤维轴方向的长度达到15~45mm的范围。增强纤维的丝束可以是未捻的丝束,或者是加捻的丝束,但在并丝时,优选尽可能使丝束开纤。热塑性树脂的给予方法并无特别限定。存在例如直接用熔融的热塑性树脂浸渍增强纤维的丝束的方法,将膜状的热塑性树脂熔融并使其浸渍增强纤维的丝束的方法,将粉末状的热塑性树脂熔融并使其浸渍增强纤维的丝束的方法等。浸渍了树脂的增强纤维的丝束的裁切方法并无特别限定,可以利用造粒机,铡刀式(guillotine type)、柯达式(Kodakt ype)等的切断机。
其次,将得到的短切纤维预浸坯料均匀地进行堆积、叠层以使纤维取向变得无规。作为使短切纤维预浸坯料无规且均匀地堆积、叠层的方法,例如,在连续生产时,可以考虑使裁切得到的预浸坯料直接从高位置自然落下,使其堆积在钢带等带式运输机上的方法;向落下经路吹送空气或者在落下经路中安装挡板的方法等。在间歇式的制造的情况下,可以考虑将裁切后的预浸坯料蓄积于容器中,在该容器的下面安装输送装置,使其分散到用于制造片材的模具等中的方法等。
然后,通过使该叠层物例如与钢带一起在热辊间通过而进行加热、加压,或者通过间歇加压,热塑性树脂熔融并与增强纤维成为一体,得到各向同性的纤维增强热塑性树脂片材。作为成为一体的方法,此外还可以考虑例如采用压带机连续进行加热冷却的方法;采用远红外线加热器预热后,进行冷压的方法;或者使用加热冷却加压的间歇方式等。特别优选将短切纤维预浸坯料叠层到钢带上以使纤维取向变得无规,然后使用双带压机、间歇热压机或热辊,在150~400℃、0.1~10MPa下对该叠层物进行加热、加压处理的方法。
如上所述得到的纤维增强热塑性树脂片材可以用作用于制造各种FRP成型品的中间材料。特别地,将1片乃至多片本发明的纤维增强热塑性树脂片材叠层而成型为一体所得到的成型板,强度、弹性模量等物理性能不因方向的不同而不同,是均匀的,特别是其理论叠层数满足理论叠层数=(成型板的厚度)/(一个预浸坯料的厚度)≥10,优选理论叠层数≥15的成型板的利用价值高。该成型板的制法并无特别限定,可以将1片或者多片上述纤维增强热塑性树脂片材叠层,采用模压法、压热器法、加热冷却压制法等进行成型而形成成型板。此时,为了调节成型板中的纤维体积含有率(Vf)或树脂含量,也可以根据需要追加叠层热塑性树脂。成型板中的热塑性树脂的含有率通常为20~90重量%,优选为30~80重量%。
在如上所述得到的成型板中,特别优选按照JIS K 7017测定时的弯曲强度和弯曲模量的CV值为10以下的成型板。所谓CV值是表示相对散布的指标(变异系数),是由(标准偏差/测定值的平均值)×100(%)所示的值,该值越小,表示测定的精确度越高。
实施例
以下利用实施例对本发明进行详述。纤维体积含有率的测定按照JIS K 7075的方法进行。弯曲强度和弯曲模量的测定按照JIS K7017进行。物性保持率(%)是由(80℃的物理性能值/室温物理性能值)×100所示的值。
[实施例1]
在由碳纤维HTA-12K(800tex、12,000根的丝束、东邦テナツクス社制)形成的长纤维沿一方向取向而成的单位面积重量40g/m2的碳纤维束的片状物的两面上,配置PA6膜(尼龙6、ュニチカ社制、单位面积重量28.75g/m2),得到用膜夹持片状物的夹层状的叠层物。将该叠层物加热到230~260℃,使PA6膜熔融浸渍片状物。得到的树脂浸渍片状物的厚度为0.07~0.08mm。纤维体积含有率为30%。
将上述得到的树脂浸渍片状物切割为宽20mm(相当于1个丝束)后,使用铡刀式切断机,边将其切断为长25mm,边使得到的短切纤维预浸坯料下落堆积在钢带的带式运输机上。预浸坯料以纤维取向变得无规的方式在钢带上叠层。接着,使用热辊在230~260℃、0.5~1.5MPa下对叠层物进行加热加压处理,得到本发明的纤维增强热塑性树脂片材。得到的片材的机械性能基本上为各向同性。
采用远红外线加热器将上述得到的各向同性的纤维增强热塑性树脂片材预热到260~280℃后,使用模压法在80~120℃、40~50MPa的条件下进行加热加压处理,得到板厚2.3mm(理论叠层数28)的本发明的成型板。该成型板的机械性能如表1中所示。
[比较例1]
在由碳纤维HTA-6K(400tex、6,000根的丝束、东邦テナツクス社制)形成的长纤维沿一方向取向而成的单位面积重量80g/m2的碳纤维束的片状物的两面上,配置PA6膜(尼龙6、ュニチカ社制、单位面积重量28.75g/m2),得到用膜夹持片状物的夹层状的叠层物。将该叠层物加热到260℃,使PA6膜熔融浸渍片状物。得到的树脂浸渍片状物的宽度约为5mm,厚度为0.26mm(纤维体积含有率为50%)。然后,与实施例1的情况同样地进行处理,使用切割长度25mm、宽5mm的丝束预浸坯料制作纤维增强热塑性树脂片材,使用该片材得到厚度2.3mm(理论叠层数9)的成型板。该成型板的机械性能如表1中所示。
将实施例1(Vf=30%)与比较例1(Vf=50%)进行比较,预想由于实施例1的热塑性树脂的量多,因此容易受到热的影响,但与比较例1相比可知,物理性能保持率相同或者反而略好。再者,如表1中所示,比较例1的情况下,与Vf=30%相当的成型板的物理性能值如下:在室温下弯曲模量为23GPa,弯曲强度319MPa。
[实施例2与比较例2~3]
对于实施例1中得到的树脂浸渍片状物(宽20mm),分别准备将切割长度变为10mm(比较例2)、40mm(实施例2)、50mm(比较例3)的三种,分别与实施例1的情况同样地成型制作成型板。它们的机械性能如表1中所示。预浸坯料的长度短达10mm(比较例2,本发明的范围以外),可知成型板的机械性能,特别是弯曲强度低。此外,长度长达50mm(比较例3,本发明的范围以外),与长度为40mm(实施例2,本发明的范围以内)相比机械性能本身几乎没有变化,但CV值为10以上(实施例2为10以下),可知物理性能值的波动大,即各向同性差。
[实施例3和比较例4]
在与实施例1同样的实验中,其中改变PA6膜的单位面积重量,进行调节以使预浸坯料的纤维体积含有率达到15%(比较例4)和45%(实施例3)。使用得到的预浸坯料,分别与实施例1同样地成型制作成型板。它们的机械性能如表1中所示。纤维体积含有率为15%(比较例4,本发明的范围以外)时,可知机械性能不足。
[实施例4~5和比较例5]
在与实施例1同样的实验中,其中改变片状物的单位面积重量和PA6膜的单位面积重量,进行调节以使纤维体积含有率达到30%,得到厚度为0.15mm(比较例5)和0.10mm(实施例4)和0.05mm(实施例5)的预浸坯料。例如,厚度为0.15mm时,可以将片状物的单位面积重量调节为80g/m2,将PA6膜的单位面积重量调节为57.5g/m2。使用得到的预浸坯料,分别与实施例1同样地成型制作成型板。它们的机械性能如表1中所示。厚度为0.15mm(比较例5,本发明的范围以外)时,与厚度为0.10mm(实施例4)、0.05mm(实施例5)时相比,可知特别是弯曲强度低。
[比较例6]
本比较例是代替短切纤维预浸坯料而使用通常的碳纤维无纺布制造成型板的例子。使用将碳纤维HTA-12K(800tex、12,000根的丝束、东邦テナツクス社制)的无纺布与PA6一体化的碳纤维增强可冲压片材,采用远红外线加热器预热到260~280℃后,使用模压法在80~120℃的条件下进行加热加压处理,得到厚度3mm的成型板。其机械性能如表1中所示。可知纤维体积含有率与本发明的实施例1相同,但机械性能值还是本发明的成型板优异。
[比较例7]
本比较例是代替短切纤维预浸坯料而使用与实施例1相同的碳纤维的短切纤维(长度6mm)与PA6树脂颗粒,采用常规方法以注射成型制造得到厚度3mm的成型板。得到的成型板的机械性能如表1中所示。可知纤维体积含有率与本发明的实施例1相同,但机械性能值还是本发明的成型板优异。
表1
预浸坯料的特征 | 成型板的机械性能 | |||||
长度(mm) | 厚度(mm) | 纤维体积含有率(%) | 测定条件 | 弯曲模量GPa(CV值%) | 弯曲强度MPa(CV值%) | |
实施例1 | 25 | 0.07~0.08 | 30 | 室温 | 24(4) | 457(6) |
80℃ | 21 | 291 | ||||
物理性能保持率(%) | 85 | 64 | ||||
比较例1 | 25 | 0.26 | 50 | 室温 | 38 | 532 |
80℃ | 32 | 321 | ||||
物理性能保持率(%) | 85 | 60 | ||||
30 | 室温 | 23 | 319 | |||
实施例2 | 40 | 0.07 | 30 | 室温 | 22(9) | 437(6) |
比较例2 | 10 | 0.07 | 30 | 室温 | 20(5) | 358(4) |
比较例3 | 50 | 0.07 | 30 | 室温 | 23(13) | 442(11) |
比较例4 | 25 | 0.07 | 15 | 室温 | 12 | 228 |
实施例3 | 25 | 0.07 | 45 | 室温 | 36 | 685 |
实施例4 | 25 | 0.10 | 30 | 室温 | 24 | 440 |
实施例5 | 25 | 0.05 | 30 | 室温 | 24 | 465 |
比较例5 | 25 | 0.15 | 30 | 室温 | 22 | 400 |
比较例6 | - | - | 30 | 室温 | 17 | 341 |
比较例7 | - | - | 30 | 室温 | 21 | 331 |
产业上的利用可能性
本发明的纤维增强热塑性树脂片材及由其得到的成型板的强度、弹性模量等物理性能优异,并且这些物理性能是各向同性的,因此适宜用作用于成型各种形状的FRP成型品的材料。
Claims (6)
1.各向同性的纤维增强热塑性树脂片材,是通过将含有热塑性树脂和增强纤维的短切纤维预浸坯料叠层以使纤维取向无规,对得到的叠层物进行加热加压而成型为片状所形成的,其中该预浸坯料的纤维体积含有率(Vf)为20~50%,该预浸坯料的纤维轴方向的长度为15~45mm,而且该预浸坯料的厚度为0.13mm以下。
2.权利要求1所述的各向同性的纤维增强热塑性树脂片材,其中增强纤维为碳纤维。
3.成型板,是将一片乃至多片权利要求1所述的纤维增强热塑性树脂片材叠层并成型为一体的成型板,其理论叠层数满足下述式:
理论叠层数=(成型板的厚度)/(一个预浸坯料的厚度)≥10。
4.权利要求3所述的成型板,其中按照JIS K 7017测定的弯曲强度和弯曲模量的CV值为10以下。
5.各向同性的纤维增强热塑性树脂片材的制造方法,其特征在于:将含有热塑性树脂和增强纤维的短切纤维预浸坯料叠层以使纤维取向无规,然后对该叠层物进行加热加压,其中该预浸坯料的纤维体积含有率(Vf)为20~50%,该预浸坯料的纤维轴方向的长度为15~45mm,并且该预浸坯料的厚度为0.13mm以下。
6.权利要求5所述的各向同性的纤维增强热塑性树脂片材的制造方法,包括:将短切纤维预浸坯料在钢带上叠层以使纤维取向无规,然后使用双带压机、间歇热压机或热辊在150~400℃、0.1~10MPa下对该叠层物进行加热加压处理。
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US9545760B2 (en) | 2017-01-17 |
KR100944032B1 (ko) | 2010-02-24 |
EP1927618A4 (en) | 2010-01-13 |
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