CN101010756B - 磁芯部件的制造方法 - Google Patents

磁芯部件的制造方法 Download PDF

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CN101010756B
CN101010756B CN2005800276010A CN200580027601A CN101010756B CN 101010756 B CN101010756 B CN 101010756B CN 2005800276010 A CN2005800276010 A CN 2005800276010A CN 200580027601 A CN200580027601 A CN 200580027601A CN 101010756 B CN101010756 B CN 101010756B
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松川清乔
石原耕三
石川和男
丰田知宏
田中敏和
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Abstract

由绝缘材被覆注射成形所用的树脂组成物(6)所含有的磁性粉末,将压粉成形磁性体(2)或压粉磁铁成形体(22)嵌入成形到树脂组成物(6)中。

Description

磁芯部件的制造方法 
技术领域
本发明涉及电感器(inductor)、变压器、天线(棒状天线(barantennas))、扼流圈、过滤器、传感器等电气设备或者电子设备的树脂成形磁芯部件的制造方法。 
背景技术
近年来,在电气设备或者电子设备的小型化、高频化、大电流化的发展中,对于磁芯部件也要求同样的应对。然而,当前主流的铁素体材料中材料特性本身接近极限,正在摸索新的材料。尽管铁硅铝磁合金(sendust)或无定形的(amorphous)箔带等新材料被用来置换铁素体材料,但仅限于局部的使用。还开发了磁特性优异的无定形的粉末材料,但成形性相比现有的材料变差,且实用化迟缓。 
另外,以磁芯部件的小型化为目的,还提出了一种线圈和磁性粉形成一体的磁性部件(线圈封入型磁性部件),但在弯折从压粉成形体的侧面突出的线圈的电极端子时,存在电极端子的引出部周边的压粉成形体产生裂纹、或压粉成形体折断的问题。因此,还提出了如下一种方案:在从压粉成形体侧面引出了两个以上的端子的线圈封入型磁性部件中,通过在与端子引出位置的正上方及正下方对应的压粉成形体的上面及下面形成比端子的宽度宽的凹部,提高端子引出部周围的成形体密度,防止因端子弯折等引起的裂纹的产生或产生成形体折断(例如,参照专利文献1)。 
另外,在通过使用了树脂材的嵌入成形使旋转轴和永磁铁一体化的小型电动机用转子的制造方法中,还有通过进行使用了含有软磁性材的树脂的嵌入成形来提高生产效率的方案(例如,参照专利文献2)。 
进而,还提出如下一种方案:从带状的金属板冲裁由载体部和端子构件构成的引线框(lead frame),对端子部分的前端部进行折弯之后,通过 铁素体树脂的嵌入成形保留端子构件的一部分,从而一体形成磁芯(例如,参照专利文献3)。 
另外,还提出了一种混合永磁铁片和绝缘物,将压缩成形后的磁铁插入磁芯的空隙内,从而提高磁特性的方案(例如,参照专利文献4)。 
专利文献1:特开2003-309024号公报 
专利文献2:特开平10-257701号公报 
专利文献3:特开平5-315176号公报 
专利文献4:特开昭50-133453号公报 
然而,在专利文献1所述的压粉成形的情况下,存在施加于线圈上的压力大,若不充分取下线圈的绝缘被膜则产生短路的问题。另外,若插入线圈,则压力向构成压粉成形体的各粒子的传递容易变得不均匀,不仅在形状上存在制约,在向外部突出的电极端子的折弯时,还出现了产生裂纹的情况。 
另外,在专利文献2所述的转子的制造法中,尽管生产效率提高,但磁性材的特性并未得到改善,磁性材并未被绝缘,因此,存在交流磁特性尤其是直流重叠特性恶化的问题。 
进而,在专利文献3所述的制造方法中,与基于压粉成形的嵌入成形不同,不存在裂纹的问题,但由于只使用了磁性树脂材料,所以存在相比于压粉成形体、磁通密度低的问题。 
另外,还考虑了通过增大施加于压粉成形体的压力、或进行提高了温度的加压成形,来提高压粉成形体的填充密度,防止产生裂纹的情况,但存在导致制造成本上升、或不适宜连续批量生产的问题。 
另外,专利文献4所述的压缩成形磁铁的情况,由于产生将磁铁组装到磁芯中的工序,所以存在难以提高生产效率的问题。进而,在压缩成形体的状态下,无法获得用于处理部件的足够的强度,有产生裂纹之虞。 
发明内容
本发明是鉴于现有技术所存在的这种问题点而实现的,其目的在于提供一种磁芯部件的制造方法,该磁芯部件通过提高压粉成形体的填充密度来解除产生裂纹之虞,使用成形性差的磁性粉末,具有存在变化的形状和特性,且小型、廉价。
为了达到上述目的,本发明的磁芯部件的制造方法,是通过注射成形制造具有规定磁特性的磁芯部件的方法,其特征在于,由绝缘材被覆磁性粉末,使树脂组成物中含有所述磁性粉末,并使压粉成形磁性体以及压粉磁铁成形体的其中之一中含有具有比注射成形温度低的熔点的粘接剂,而在注射成形时将压粉成形磁性体及压粉磁铁成形体的其中之一嵌入成形到所述树脂组成物中。 
另外,优选压粉成形磁性体或压粉磁铁成形体含有:具有比注射成形温度低的熔点的粘结剂。 
进而,压粉成形磁性体所用的磁性粉末的粒子直径设定为比树脂组成物的磁性粉末粒子直径大为好。 
另外,优选压粉磁铁成形体含有:具有比注射成形温度低的固化温度的热固性树脂。 
另外,还可在将压粉成形磁性体或压粉磁铁成形体注射成形时,至少部分地进行粉碎,与树脂组成物一体地形成磁芯部件。 
另外,可由线圈构成磁芯部件,在至少线圈的内侧插入了压粉成形磁性体或压粉磁铁成形体的状态下嵌入成形。 
另外,可由线圈构成磁芯部件,在线圈的轴心方向的两侧配置了压粉成形磁性体或压粉磁铁成形体的状态下嵌入成形。 
进而,本发明的磁芯部件的制造方法,是通过注射成形制造具有规定磁特性的磁芯部件的方法,其特征在于,将线材卷绕到棒材上制作线圈,使从棒材上拔取的线圈的轴心弯曲成大致圆形,形成环形空心磁芯,将该环形空心磁芯嵌入成形于含有被绝缘材被覆的磁性粉末的树脂组成物中。 
另外,还可沿所述线圈的轴心配置导磁率比树脂组成物高的线状或箔状的材料,嵌入成形到树脂组成物中。 
(发明效果) 
本发明如以上说明那样构成,所以起到如下所述的效果。 
根据本发明,由于将压粉成形磁性体嵌入成形到树脂组成物中,所以通过在要提高磁通密度的部分配置压粉成形体,相比通常的注射成形品可提高磁通密度,从而能够实现磁芯部件的小型化。另外,由于压粉成形体的形状也可简化,所以能够提高填充密度,并且能够防止在电极端子的折弯时等产生裂纹。进而,若将压粉磁铁成形体配置于磁路的一部分,则对磁芯部件赋予磁偏,即使在高磁场下磁芯部件也难以饱和。 
另外,由于压粉成形磁性体或压粉磁铁成形体中含有具有比注射成形温度低的熔点的粘结剂,所以注射成形时产生压粉成形磁性体或压粉磁铁成形体中的粘结剂的熔融或软化,与此同时,由于施加注射压力,所以成为与温压类似的状态。其结果,进行加压压缩,压粉成形磁性体或压粉磁铁成形体本身的磁特性得到改善。 
另外,由于压粉磁铁成形体中含有具有比注射成形温度低的固化温度的热固性树脂,所以注射成形时热固性树脂开始固化。其结果,压粉磁铁成形体的密度上升,能够改善磁特性和防止强度上升导致的裂纹的产生。 
另外,由于在将压粉成形磁性体或压粉磁铁成形体注射成形时,至少部分地进行粉碎,所以在压粉成形磁性体或压粉磁铁成形体崩溃的过程中,存在于其中的空隙被释放,整体的填充率得到改善,并且与压粉成形磁性体或压粉磁铁成形体的形状原封不动地保留的情况相比,整体均匀化。另外,若使压粉成形磁性体或压粉磁铁成形体的崩溃例如在磁芯部件的端面等局部地产生,则能够缓和因压粉成形磁性体或压粉磁铁成形体的有无导致的急剧的磁特性的变化。 
进而,由于将压粉成形磁性体或压粉磁铁成形体与线圈组合来进行嵌入成形,所以能够简化磁芯部件的制造工序。另外,通过适当选择线圈和压粉成形磁性体或压粉磁铁成形体的位置关系,可部分提高磁通密度、或赋予有效的磁偏,可根据需要减少线圈直径、转数或包括线圈的磁芯部件整体的高度等的尺寸。另外,由于树脂组成物保护压粉成形磁性体或压粉磁铁成形体,所以不必担心压粉成形磁性体或压粉磁铁成形体单独产生的在电极端子折弯时产生裂纹。 
另外,由于将线圈、无定形的箔带、压粉成形磁性体或压粉磁铁成形体中的至少一个嵌入成形到树脂组成物中,所以磁芯部件的形状简单化,形状面的制约减少。尤其是若压粉成形磁性体或压粉磁铁成形体的形状被简化,则压粉成形模具的结构也可简化,结果模具寿命增长,并且成形速度提高。 
附图说明
图1是本发明实施方式1的树脂成形磁芯部件的制造方法所使用的压粉成形磁性体的概略图; 
图2是表示图1的压粉成形磁性体的注射成形后的状态的概略图; 
图3是表示变形例的图1的压粉成形磁性体的注射成形后的状态的概略图; 
图4是表示其它变形例的图1的压粉成形磁性体的注射成形后的状态的概略图; 
图5A是由本发明实施方式1的树脂成形磁芯部件的制造方法制造的环形磁芯(toroidal core)的俯视图; 
图5B是沿图5A的线Vb-Vb的剖视图; 
图6A是由本发明实施方式1的树脂成形磁芯部件的制造方法制造的E磁芯的俯视图; 
图6B是沿图6A的线VIb-VIb的剖视图; 
图7A是由本发明实施方式2的树脂成形磁芯部件的制造方法制造的磁芯部件的俯视图; 
图7B是图7A的磁芯部件的局部剖视图; 
图8A是图7A的磁芯部件的变形例的俯视图; 
图8B是图8A的磁芯部件的局部剖视图; 
图9A是由本发明实施方式3的树脂成形磁芯部件的制造方法制造的磁芯部件的俯视图; 
图9B是图9A的磁芯部件的局部剖视图; 
图10A是图9A的磁芯部件的变形例的俯视图; 
图10B是图10A的磁芯部件的局部剖视图; 
图11A是由本发明实施方式4的树脂成形磁芯部件的制造方法制造的环形磁芯的俯视图; 
图11B是沿图11A的线XIb-XIb的剖视图; 
图12A是由本发明实施方式4的树脂成形磁芯部件的制造方法制造的E磁芯的俯视图; 
图12B是沿图12A的线XIIb-XIIb的剖视图。 
图中:2-压粉成形磁性体的磁性粉末粒子、或者压粉磁铁成形体的 磁铁粉末粒子;4-粘结剂;6-树脂组成物;8-树脂组成物中的磁性粉末粒子;10-线圈;12-引出部;16-线圈;18-引出部;20-高导磁率材料;22-压粉磁铁成形体。 
具体实施方式
以下,参照附图对本发明的实施方式进行说明。 
实施方式1 
图1表示本发明实施方式1的树脂成形磁芯部件的制造方法所使用的压粉成形后的状态的磁性体,在构成由绝缘材被覆的磁性粉末的多个粉末粒子2之间含有(分散)多个粘结剂粒子4。 
作为粘结剂4,使用了具有低于规定的注射成形温度的熔融温度的树脂,通过与含有由绝缘材被覆的磁性粉末的基体树脂一同以规定的温度进行注射成形,粘结剂4熔融或软化,如图2所示,磁性粉末粒子2之间的间隔变短,压粉成形磁性体收缩,其填充密度上升。 
作为磁性粉末粒子2,优选软磁特性优异的例如以下所示的材料。 
·作为纯铁系软磁性材料为金属粉、氮化铁粉等; 
-作为铁基合金系软磁性材料为Fe-Si-Al合金(铁硅铝磁合金)粉末、超级铁硅铝磁合金粉末、Ni-Fe合金(坡莫合金)粉末、Co-Fe合金粉末、纯铁系软磁性材料、Fe-Si-B系合金粉末等; 
·铁素体系材料; 
·无定形的材料; 
·微细结晶材料。 
另外,作为压粉成形所用的粘接剂4,可使用以下所述的热塑性树脂。 
·聚乙烯、聚丙烯等聚烯烃; 
·聚乙烯醇、聚氧化乙烯、PPS、液晶聚合物、PEEK、聚酰亚胺、聚醚酰亚胺、聚缩醛、聚醚砜、聚砜、聚碳酸酯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、聚苯醚、聚邻苯二甲酰胺、聚酰胺等; 
·上述树脂的混合物。 
进而,作为被覆磁性粉末粒子2的绝缘材或者被覆基体树脂的磁性粉末的绝缘材,可使用如下所述的材料。 
·Al2O3、Y2O3、MgO、ZrO2等绝缘性金属或半金属的氧化物; 
·玻璃材料; 
·它们的混合物。 
此外,注射成形所用的基体树脂,只要是通常的注射成形中可使用的树脂,则并不特别地限制,与粘接剂4所用的树脂相同或不同均可。但是,为了在注射成形时对压粉成形体进行加压压缩,粘接剂4所用的树脂的熔点优选比注射成形温度低30℃以上。但是,若差值过大,则出现粘接剂4分解等的弊端。 
另外,压粉成形磁性体中不必一定要含有粘结剂4,即使在基体树脂中仅嵌入成形压粉成形磁性体的情况下,通过在要提高磁通密度的部分配置压粉成形磁性体,相比通常的注射成形品可提高磁通密度,从而能够实现磁芯部件的小型化。另外,由于还能够简化压粉成形磁性体的形状,所以能够提高填充密度,并且能够防止在电极端子的折弯时等产生裂纹。 
上述压粉成形磁性体所用的磁性粉末粒子2的粒子直径设定为比成为基体的树脂组成物中所含的被绝缘的磁性粉末粒子的粒子直径大为好,图3表示如上所述那样设定的情况下的注射成形时的状态。 
如图3所示,注射成形时,粘结剂4熔融,压粉成形磁性体的填充密度上升,但如果压粉成形磁性体所用的磁性粉末粒子2的粒子直径比树脂组成物6中的磁性粉末粒子8的粒子直径大,则磁性粉末粒子8进入到压粉成形磁性体的表面附近的间隙,作为磁性体的连续性提高。 
此外,压粉成形磁性体所用的磁性粉末粒子2的粒子直径,相比树脂组成物6中的磁性粉末粒子8的粒子直径,优选平均粒子直径约为1.5倍~3倍。理论上该粒子直径的比率更大的话越好,但根据磁性粉末粒子的组合,在实际进行压粉成形或者注射成形时有时会产生问题。 
进而,若压粉成形磁性体具有存在边缘的形状(例如毛刺大的形状)和低密度部、或相比于磁性粉末2粘结剂4较少,则如图4所示,在注射成形时的流动引起的压力的作用下,磁性粉末粒子2至少被部分地粉碎,与成为基体的树脂组成物一体地形成磁芯部件,树脂组成物中的磁性体填 充量实际上上升。 
图5A、图5B及图6A、图6B分别表示由本实施方式的树脂成形磁芯部件的制造方法制造的环形磁芯及E磁芯,均用于磁特性优异的(具有规定的磁特性)的电感器、变压器、扼流圈、过滤器等。 
图5A及图5B所示的环形磁芯是将配置成圆形状的压粉成形体9嵌入成形到树脂组成物6中,与此相对,图6A及图6B所示的E磁芯是将配置在其中心部的压粉成形体9嵌入成形到树脂组成物6中。 
实施方式2 
图7A及图7B表示由本发明实施方式2的树脂成形磁芯部件的制造方法制造的磁芯部件,表示磁芯部件为线圈封入型磁性部件的情况。 
如图7A及图7B所示,在将线圈10的两端的引出部12以大致平行的方式向同一方向引出的状态下,向线圈10的内侧插入压粉成形磁性体9,与树脂组成物6一同嵌入成形,仅使两端的引出部12露出,由此,树脂成形磁芯部件的导磁率部分升高,其性能得到改善。尤其是若向线圈10的内侧插入压粉成形磁性体9,则线圈10内侧的导磁率升高,可设定较小的线圈直径,并且还能够减少转数。 
另外,如图8A及图8B所示,若在线圈10的轴心方向的两侧配置有导磁率高的压粉成形磁性体9的状态下,与树脂组成物6一同嵌入成形,仅使两端的引出部12露出,则线圈10的轴心方向的两侧的导磁率部分升高,能够将磁芯(线圈)整体的高度限制得较低。 
实施方式3 
图9A及图9B表示由本发明实施方式3的树脂成形磁芯部件的制造方法制造的磁芯部件,尤其表示树脂成形磁芯部件为线圈封入型磁性部件的情况。 
在图9A及图9B所示的树脂成形磁芯部件的情况下,首先将由Cu等导电性材料构成的线材卷绕到直线状的棒材(未图示)上,制作线圈16,然后从棒材上拔取制作好的线圈16,使线圈16的轴心弯曲成大致圆形,并且将其两端的引出部18以大致平行的方式向同一方向引出。之后,将如此弯曲了的线圈16与树脂组成物6一同嵌入成形,仅使两端的引出部18露出,由此,与现有技术相比,极其简单地完成空心线圈一体型环形磁 芯。 
图10A及图10B表示图9A及图9B所示的树脂成形磁芯部件(空心线圈一体型环形磁芯)的变形例,与图9A及图9B所示的树脂成形磁芯部件的不同点在于,沿着使轴心弯曲为大致圆形的线圈16的轴心、配置了导磁率比树脂组成物6高的线状或者箔状的高导磁率材料20,在该状态下,与树脂组成物6一同嵌入成形,且仅使两端的引出部18露出。 
通过这样沿线圈16的轴心配置高导磁率材料20,可容易地进行仅有压粉体时难以实现的树脂成形磁芯部件的制造。此外,作为高导磁率材料可使用无定形的箔带等。 
实施方式4 
图11A、图11B及图12A、图12B分别表示由本实施方式4的树脂成形磁芯部件的制造方法制造的环形磁芯及E磁芯,均用于磁特性优异的(具有规定的磁特性)的电感器、变压器、扼流圈、过滤器等。 
图11A及图11B所示的环形磁芯是将截面T字状的压粉磁铁成形体22嵌入成形于树脂组成物6的一部分,与此相对,图12A及图12B所示的E磁芯是将配置在其中心部的截面倒T字状的压粉磁铁成形体22嵌入成形于树脂组成物6。 
此外,在图5A、图5B及图6A、图6B所示的实施方式中,压粉成形磁性体9被嵌入成形于树脂组成物中,与此相对,在本实施方式中,在压粉磁铁成形体22被嵌入成形于树脂组成物中的这一点上两者存在差异。压粉磁铁成形体22还可在图7A、图7B及图8A、图8B的磁芯部件中,代替压粉成形磁性体9来使用。此时,若磁化压粉磁铁成形体22,以抵消由线圈10所产生的磁场,则磁特性更加有效地提高。 
另外,在上述实施方式1~3中,如图1所示,在构成由绝缘材被覆的磁性粉末的多个粉末粒子2之间含有多个粘结剂粒子4,与此相对,在本实施方式中使用的压粉磁铁成形体22中,通过在由绝缘材被覆的多个磁铁粉末粒子之间含有多个粘结剂粒子,提高了压粉磁铁成形体的填充密度。 
此外,作为磁铁粉末粒子,优选铁素体系磁铁粉末、Fe-Nd-B系等稀土类系磁铁粉末等硬质磁性材料,可使用无定形的材料或微细结晶材料等。另外,在作为压粉成形所用的粘结剂4使用热塑性树脂时,可使用如下所述的热塑性树脂。 
·聚乙烯、聚丙烯等聚烯烃; 
·聚乙烯醇、聚氧化乙烯、PPS、液晶聚合物、PEEK、聚酰亚胺、聚醚酰亚胺、聚缩醛、聚醚砜、聚砜、聚碳酸酯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、聚苯醚、聚邻苯二甲酰胺、聚酰胺等; 
·上述树脂的混合物。 
进而,在作为粘结剂4使用热固性树脂时,可使用酚、聚酰亚胺、尿素、蜜胺、环氧等树脂。 
其它温度条件等与实施方式1~3大致相同,但在实施方式1~3中,如上所述,通过使压粉成形磁性体所用的磁性粉末粒子2的粒子直径比树脂组成物6中的磁性粉末粒子8的粒子直径大,作为磁性体的连续性提高,与此相对,在本实施方式中,作为磁性粉末粒子2使用了硬质磁性材料,在作为磁性体的连续性提高方面没有意义,因此,不必将磁铁粉末粒子的粒子直径设定得比磁性粉末粒子8的粒子直径大。 
进而,在本实施方式中,压粉磁铁成形体22优选含有具有比注射成形温度低的固化温度的热固性树脂,注射成形时,在压粉磁铁成形体22收缩之后固化,由此压粉磁铁成形体的密度上升,磁特性改善,并且能够防止产生裂纹。 
(工业上的可利用性) 
根据本发明的磁性部件的制造方法,可提高树脂成形磁芯部件的填充密度,所以适于小型且廉价的磁芯部件的批量生产,在电感器、变压器、天线(棒状天线)、扼流圈、过滤器、传感器等电气设备或者电子设备的制造中有用。 

Claims (8)

1.一种磁芯部件的制造方法,是通过注射成形制造具有规定磁特性的磁芯部件的方法,其特征在于,
由绝缘材被覆磁性粉末,使树脂组成物中含有所述磁性粉末,并使压粉成形磁性体以及压粉磁铁成形体的其中之一中含有具有比注射成形温度低的熔点的粘接剂,而在注射成形时将所述压粉成形磁性体及压粉磁铁成形体的其中之一嵌入成形到所述树脂组成物中。
2.根据权利要求1所述的磁芯部件的制造方法,其特征在于,
所述压粉成形磁性体所用的磁性粉末的粒子直径设定为大于所述树脂组成物的磁性粉末粒子直径。
3.根据权利要求1所述的磁芯部件的制造方法,其特征在于,
所述压粉磁铁成形体含有:具有比注射成形温度低的固化温度的热固性树脂。
4.根据权利要求1所述的磁芯部件的制造方法,其特征在于,
在将所述压粉成形磁性体或压粉磁铁成形体注射成形时,至少部分地进行粉碎,与所述树脂组成物一体地形成磁芯部件。
5.根据权利要求1所述的磁芯部件的制造方法,其特征在于,
由线圈构成磁芯部件,在至少所述线圈的内侧插入了所述压粉成形磁性体或压粉磁铁成形体的状态下进行嵌入成形。
6.根据权利要求1所述的磁芯部件的制造方法,其特征在于,
由线圈构成磁芯部件,在所述线圈的轴心方向的两侧配置了所述压粉成形磁性体或压粉磁铁成形体的状态下进行嵌入成形。
7.一种磁芯部件的制造方法,是通过注射成形制造具有规定磁特性的磁芯部件的方法,其特征在于,
将线材卷绕到棒材上制作线圈,使从棒材上拔取的线圈的轴心弯曲成大致圆形,形成环形空心磁芯,将该环形空心磁芯嵌入成形于含有被绝缘材被覆了的磁性粉末的树脂组成物中。
8.根据权利要求7所述的磁芯部件的制造方法,其特征在于,
沿所述线圈的轴心配置导磁率比所述树脂组成物高的线状或箔状的材料,并嵌入成形到所述树脂组成物中。
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