CN101005868B - 注射装置 - Google Patents

注射装置 Download PDF

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CN101005868B
CN101005868B CN2005800220481A CN200580022048A CN101005868B CN 101005868 B CN101005868 B CN 101005868B CN 2005800220481 A CN2005800220481 A CN 2005800220481A CN 200580022048 A CN200580022048 A CN 200580022048A CN 101005868 B CN101005868 B CN 101005868B
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蒂姆·巴罗-威廉斯
罗西·哈贝肖
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Abstract

一种注射装置(110)，其具有容纳注射器(114)的外壳(112)。复位弹簧(126)将注射器从延伸位置偏压到回缩位置，在所述延伸位置中针(118)通过出口窗孔(128)从外壳中伸出，在所述回缩位置中针不从外壳中伸出。驱动弹簧(130)借助驱动器作用，以使注射器从回缩位置行进到延伸位置并通过针排出内容物，并且在驱动器已经到达标定回缩位置时开始起作用的复位弹簧将注射器恢复到回缩位置。可松开的锁定机构将注射器保持在其回缩位置。套筒(119)从出口窗孔伸出，并且能够被压缩以释放锁定机构。触发器(300)具有静止位置和压下位置，在静止位置触发器与驱动器接合并将其保持在对应于注射器的回缩位置的位置处，在压下位置触发器不再使驱动器得到保持。

Description

注射装置
技术领域
本发明涉及这样一种类型的注射装置：其容纳注射器，使注射器延伸，排出注射器中的内容物并使注射器自动回缩。
背景技术
在WO 95/35126和EP-A-0516473中显示了这样一种装置，所述装置一般采用驱动弹簧和某些形式的释放机构，所述释放机构一旦推定注射器的内容物已经被排出时解除驱动弹簧的作用，以便通过复位弹簧缩回注射器。驱动弹簧的初始动作通常由触发器来控制。压下触发器使驱动弹簧开始动作。
触发器的运转取决于安全联锁装置的操作以防止意外操作是公知的。首先必须运转安全联锁装置，然后是触发器。
市场调查已经显示，注射器装置设置某些形式的可视化标识来表明该装置是备用还是已经用过是很有益的。但是，仍在探寻实现这个目标的最简单最廉价的方式。
发明内容
为此设计了本发明的注射装置。
根据本发明的注射装置包括：
外壳，适于容纳具有排放嘴的注射器，所述注射器可在回缩位置和延伸位置之间运动，在所述回缩位置中排放嘴容纳在外壳中，在所述延伸位置中排放嘴从外壳中伸出；
驱动器，其受致动并作用于注射器；
触发器，其可在静止位置(rest position)和活动位置之间运动，在所述静止位置处，触发器使驱动器保持在与注射器的回缩对应的位置处，在所述活动位置处，触发器不再使驱动器得到保持，允许该驱动器前进并进而使注射器从回缩位置前进到延伸位置，并且通过排放嘴排放其内容物；以及
联锁构件，其可在锁定位置和松开位置之间运动，在所述锁定位置，该联锁构件防止触发器从其静止位置运动到活动位置，在所述松开位置，该联锁构件允许触发器从其静止位置运动到活动位置，所述装置具有在所述触发器运动到活动位置时启动的视觉指示器。
由此，根据本发明的装置提供了其是备用还是已经被使用过的视觉标识。
优选的是，由被保持在其活动位置的触发器提供所述视觉指示器。如果这样一种装置是备用的，触发器将处于其静止位置。如果它是已经用过的，触发器将处于其活动位置。可由使用者来确认这些位置。而且，为了简化，所述装置将用于实现该结果的机构结合到安全联锁机构中。所述触发器可包括锁定构件，在触发器的静止位置，该锁定构件与驱动器的锁定表面接合，而在活动位置，该锁定构件不与驱动器的锁定表面接合。
所述联锁构件可包括基本构件，该联锁构件的锁定位置为该基本构件从排放口突出的位置，并且松开位置为该基本构件不从排放口突出或者是从排放口突出更小程度的位置。这指的是可通过使该注射装置的端部在注射部位接触皮肤而使所述联锁构件从其锁定位置运动到其松开位置。除此之外，这确保在注射循环开始之前使注射装置相对于注射部位优化地定位。套管形式的基本构件允许接触皮肤的较大区域，并且允许注射器的排放嘴在其中前进和缩回。在皮下注射器的情况中，在观察时，套筒将包裹着针，这对于尤其是不得不给药的晕针者(squeamish)来说是个好主意。
可通过下述方式实现将触发器锁定在其静止位置。所述触发器和联锁构件包括突起和窗孔，在所述联锁构件处于其松开位置时所述突起和该窗孔对准，在所述联锁构件不处于其松开位置时所述突起和该窗孔不对准。这允许触发器通过该突起进入所述窗孔的运动从其静止位置运动到其活动位置。所述突起可位于触发器上，并且该窗孔位于所述联锁构件中。
可通过下述方式实现将触发器保持在其活动位置。所述触发器和该装置的另一个组成元件包括闩锁突起和相应的闩锁表面，在触发器处于其活动位置时所述闩锁突起锁定在该闩锁表面上。该装置的另一个组成元件优选为所述联锁构件。
附图说明
将参照附图借助例子对本发明进行描述，其中：
图1示出了可以应用本发明的类型的注射装置的剖视图；
图2示出了该装置如何根据本发明进行改变的示意性剖视图；
图3是变型的注射装置的部分切除的视图；以及
图4示出了优选的注射装置的剖视图。
具体实施方式
图1示出了注射装置110，其具有容纳有传统类型的皮下注射器114的外壳112，并包括一端终止于皮下注射针118、另一端终止于凸缘120的注射器主体116。通常用于手动排放注射器114中的内容物的传统活塞被除去，并用驱动元件134替代，该驱动元件134终止于塞子122。尽管所示出的注射器为皮下类型，但并非必须如此。经皮或者射皮(ballistic dermal)和皮下注射器都可以和本发明的注射装置一起使用。如图所示，外壳包括复位弹簧126，该复位弹簧126将注射器114从延伸位置偏压到回缩位置，在所述延伸位置中，针118从外壳212中的窗孔128伸出，在所述回缩位置中，针118被容纳在外壳112中。复位弹簧126借助注射器承载器127作用于注射器114上。
外壳的另一端是致动器，在此处采取压缩驱动弹簧130的形式。驱动弹簧130的驱动借助多构件驱动器传递到注射器114，使其从回缩位置行进到延伸位置并通过针118排出其中的内容物。驱动器通过直接作用于药物124和注射器114来完成该任务。经药物作用的静水压力以及驱动元件134和注射器主体116之间的程度更小的静摩擦力最初确保了它们一起行进，直到复位弹簧126降到最低点或者注射器主体116遇到阻碍其运动的其它障碍(未示出)。
驱动弹簧130和注射器114之间的多构件驱动器包括三个主要构件。驱动套筒131由驱动弹簧130驱动并将这种驱动传递到第一驱动元件132上的柔性闩锁臂133。这又经柔性闩锁臂135传递到第二驱动元件，该第二驱动元件134已提到过。
第一驱动元件132包括中空的杆140，其内腔形成收集室142，该收集室142与从收集室延伸穿过杆140的端部的孔144连通。第二驱动元件134包括盲膛孔146，其一端开放以容纳杆140，另一端封闭。如图所示，膛孔146和杆140限定了流体容器148，在其中容纳有减振液。
设置触发器(未显示)，当操作时用于使驱动套筒131与外壳112脱离，允许其在驱动弹簧130的作用下相对于外壳112运动。所述装置的操作如下。
最初，驱动弹簧130使驱动套筒131运动，驱动套筒131使第一驱动元件132运动，第一驱动元件132使第二驱动元件134运动，在这些情况下都是通过经柔性闩锁臂133、135作用。第二驱动元件134运动，并借助于经过待注射的药物124作用的静摩擦力和静水压力抵抗复位弹簧126的动作使注射器主体116运动。复位弹簧126压缩并且皮下注射针118从外壳112的排出窗孔128显现。这一直持续到复位弹簧126降到最低点或者注射器主体116遇到阻碍其运动的其它障碍(未示出)。因为第二驱动元件134和注射器主体116之间的静摩擦力和经过待注射的药物124作用的静水压力不足以抵抗由驱动弹簧130产生的全部驱动力，在该点，第二驱动元件134开始在注射器主体116中运动，药物124开始被排出。但是，第二驱动元件134和注射器主体116之间的动摩擦力和经过待注射的药物124作用的静水压力足以将复位弹簧126保持在其压缩状态，于是皮下注射针118保持被延伸。
在第二驱动元件134到达其在注射器主体116中的行程末端之前，也就是在注射器中的内容物完全排出之前，连接第一和第二驱动元件132、134的柔性闩锁臂135到达在外壳112中的变窄部分137。变窄部分137在其上的两个倾斜表面的帮助下使柔性闩锁臂135从显示的位置向内运动到它们不再将第一驱动元件132和第二驱动元件134连接在一起的位置。一旦这种情况发生，第一驱动元件132不再作用于第二驱动元件134，允许第一驱动元件132相对于第二驱动元件134运动。
因为减振液包含在位于第一驱动元件132的端部和第二驱动元件134的盲膛孔146之间的容器148中，随着当驱动弹簧130作用在第一驱动元件132时第一驱动元件132相对于第二驱动元件134运动，容器148的容积将减小。当容器148收缩时，减振液被迫通过孔144进入收集室142中。因此，一旦柔性闩锁臂135已被释放，由驱动弹簧130施加的力不再作用于减振液，导致其流动穿过由孔144形成的变窄部分，并且还通过流体的静水压力和通过第一和第二驱动元件132、134之间的摩擦力起作用，并由此通过第二驱动元件134作用。与减振液流动有关的损耗不使作用在注射器主体上的力在很大程度上衰减。因此，复位弹簧126保持被压缩，皮下注射针保持延伸。
过一段时间之后，第二驱动元件134完成在注射器主体116中的行进并不再前进。在该处，注射器114的内容物被完全排出，由驱动弹簧130施加的力用于将第二驱动元件134保持在其终止位置并持续使减振液流动穿过孔144，允许第一驱动元件132继续其运动。
在容器148中的流体耗尽之前，连接驱动套筒131与第一驱动元件132的柔性闩锁臂133到达在外壳112中的另一个变窄部分139。通过在该变窄部分139上的倾斜表面的帮助，该变窄部分139使柔性闩锁臂133从显示的位置向内运动到它们不再将驱动套筒131与第一驱动元件132连接在一起的位置。一旦这种情况发生，驱动套筒131就不再作用于第一驱动元件132，允许它们彼此相对运动。当然，在这一点，注射器114被释放，这是因为由驱动弹簧130产生的力不再被传递到注射器114，作用在注射器上的力仅仅是来自复位弹簧126的回复力。因此，注射器114现在返回到其回缩位置，注射循环完成。
当然，只有在一旦已经将帽111从外壳112上移除时所有这些才会发生。从图3可见，注射器的端部由保护罩123密封。帽111的在其安装在外壳112上时装配在套筒119内的中央凸起121在端部是中空的，并且中空端部的唇缘125在其前缘157处倾斜，而在其后缘不倾斜。这样，在安装帽111时，唇缘125的前缘157置于保护罩123的肩部159上方。但是，在将帽111移除时，唇缘125的后缘将不会置于肩部159上方，这意味着在将帽111移除时保护罩123从注射器114上脱去。
图2和3显示出该装置可被进一步修改。尽管在一些细节上图2和3与图1不同，但是现在讨论的原理可应用于图1所示的装置。如图所示，该装置包括触发器300，该触发器300在一端具有按钮302和一对凸耳304，该对凸耳304与位于外壳112内侧的销(未示出)协作，以允许触发器围绕穿过两个凸耳304的轴线枢转。按钮302和凸耳304均固定到所述触发器300的主体部分上，该主体部分形成锁定构件306。在所示的位置中，该锁定构件306的远离按钮302的端部与驱动套筒131的端部接合，驱动弹簧130作用在该驱动套筒131的端部上，该端部又作用在前面讨论的多构件驱动器上。这防止了驱动套筒131在驱动弹簧130的作用下运动。当压下按钮302时，触发器300围绕凸耳304枢转，这使锁定构件306的端部从与驱动套筒131的接合中升起，从而允许驱动套筒131在驱动弹簧130的作用下运动。
图3示出了位于外壳112中的出口窗孔128，能够从该窗孔128再次看到套筒119的端部出现。如图2所示，套筒119连接到按钮锁310，该按钮锁310与套筒119一起运动。所述触发器包括止动销312，按钮锁310包括止动孔314，如图2所示，它们没有对准。但是，可以通过套筒119的导致按钮锁310的相应运动的向内运动使它们对准。在止动销312和止动孔314没有对准时，按钮302不能被压下；一旦它们对准，则可压下按钮302。触发器300还包括柔性倒刺闩锁突起316，并且按钮锁310还包括闩锁表面318，在压下按钮时，所述闩锁突起316与该闩锁表面318接合。一旦闩锁突起316与该闩锁表面318接合，触发器300可持久地将按钮302保持在其压缩位置。
由此，套筒119沿进入外壳112的方向的运动，或者说是套筒的突出端的压下使止动销312与止动孔314对准，从而允许触发器按钮302被压下，由此其通过闩锁突起316和闩锁表面318保持在其压下的位置。可通过使注射装置的端部与皮肤在注射部位接触而按压套筒119，除此之外，这可确保在注射循环开始之前使其正确定位。
图4示出了优选的注射装置210，参考图2和3描述的上述改进可应用到该注射装置210。外壳212含有皮下注射器214。注射器214仍是传统类型，包括一端终止于皮下注射针218、另一端终止于凸缘220的注射器主体216，还包括将待注射的药物224约束在注射器主体216中的橡胶塞222。通常与塞子222连接并用于手动排放注射器214中的内容物的传统活塞被除去，并用将在下面描述的多构件驱动器元件替代。尽管所示出的注射器仍为皮下类型，但不必如此。如图所示，外壳包括复位弹簧226，该复位弹簧226将注射器214从延伸位置偏压到回缩位置，在所述延伸位置中注射针218从外壳212中的窗孔228伸出，在所述回缩位置中皮下针218被容纳在外壳212中。复位弹簧226经套筒227作用于注射器214上。
外壳的另一端是压缩驱动弹簧230。驱动弹簧230的驱动借助多构件驱动器传递到注射器214，使其从回缩位置行进到延伸位置并通过针218排出其中的内容物。驱动器通过直接作用于药物224和注射器214来完成该任务。经药物224作用的静水压力以及程度更小的塞子222和注射器主体216之间的静摩擦力最初确保了它们一起行进，直到复位弹簧226降到最低点或者注射器主体216遇到阻碍其运动的其它障碍。
驱动弹簧230和注射器214之间的多构件驱动器包括三个主要构件。驱动套筒231由驱动弹簧230驱动并将这种驱动传递到第一驱动元件232上的柔性闩锁臂233。这些元件显示为“A”。第一驱动元件232又经柔性闩锁臂235将驱动传递到第二驱动元件234。这些元件显示为“B”。以前，第一驱动元件232包括中空的杆240，其内腔形成收集室242。第二驱动元件234包括盲端246，其一端开放以容纳杆240，另一端封闭。如图所示，膛孔246和杆240限定了流体容器248，在其中容纳有减振液。
在外壳212中部设置上述触发器，当操作时用于使驱动套筒231与外壳212脱离，允许其在驱动弹簧230的作用下相对于外壳212运动。所述装置的操作如下。
最初，驱动弹簧230使驱动套筒231运动，驱动套筒231使第一驱动元件232运动，第一驱动元件232使第二驱动元件234运动，在这些情况下都是通过经柔性配合臂233、235的作用。第二驱动元件234运动，并借助于经过待注射的药物224作用的静摩擦力和静水压力抵抗复位弹簧226的动作使注射器主体216运动。复位弹簧226压缩并且皮下注射针218从外壳212的排出窗孔228显现。这一直持续到复位弹簧226降到最低点或者注射器主体216遇到阻碍其运动的其它障碍。因为塞子222和注射器主体216之间的静摩擦力和经过待注射的药物224作用的静水压力不足以抵抗由驱动弹簧230产生的全部驱动力，在该点，第二驱动元件234开始在注射器主体216中运动，药物224开始被排出。但是，塞子222和注射器主体216之间的动摩擦力和经过待注射的药物224作用的静水压力足以将复位弹簧226保持在其压缩状态，于是皮下注射针218保持被延伸。
在第二驱动元件234到达其在注射器主体216中的行程末端之前，也就是在注射器中的内容物完全排出之前，连接第一和第二驱动元件232、234的柔性闩锁臂235到达变窄部分237。变窄部分237由元件262形成，该元件262最初相对所有其它元件自由运动但限制在注射器凸缘220和第二驱动元件234上的附加柔性臂247之间。这些附加的柔性臂247位于第一驱动元件232上的柔性臂235上，通过这种设置将驱动传递到第二驱动元件234。图1示出了在附加柔性臂247刚好与元件262中的变窄部分237接触的位置处的注射装置210。
变窄部分237在两个倾斜表面的帮助下使附加柔性臂247向内运动，附加柔性臂247又使柔性臂235从显示的位置向内运动，在该位置，它们不再将第一和第二驱动元件连接在一起，借助这种运动将驱动从第一驱动元件232传递到第二驱动元件234。一旦这种情况发生，第一驱动元件232不再作用于第二驱动元件234，允许第一驱动元件232相对于第二驱动元件234运动。
因为减振液包含在位于第一驱动元件232的端部和第二驱动元件234的盲膛孔246之间的容器248中，随着当驱动弹簧230作用在第一驱动元件232时第一驱动元件232相对于第二驱动元件234运动，容器248的容积将减小。当容器248收缩时，减振液被迫进入收集室242中。因此，一旦柔性闩锁臂235被释放，由驱动弹簧230施加的力不再作用于减振液，导致其流进收集室242中，并且还通过流体的静水压力和通过第一和第二驱动元件232、234之间的摩擦力起作用，并由此通过第二驱动元件234作用。与减振液流动有关的损耗不使作用在注射器主体上的力在很大程度上衰减。因此，复位弹簧226保持被压缩，皮下注射针保持延伸。
过一段时间之后，第二驱动元件234完成在注射器主体216中的行进并不再前进。在该处，注射器214的内容物被完全排出，由驱动弹簧230施加的力用于将第二驱动元件234保持在其终止位置并持续引起减振液流进收集室242中，允许第一驱动元件232继续其运动。
位于第二驱动元件234后部上的凸缘270通常保持柔性臂233与驱动套筒231的接合。但是，在容器248中的减振液耗尽之前，连接驱动套筒231与第一驱动元件232的柔性闩锁臂233相对于第二驱动元件234向前运动到足够远，使凸缘270与柔性臂233中的槽口272对准，于是其停止，有效地保持柔性臂233与驱动套筒231的接合。现在，在柔性臂233上的倾斜闩锁表面274的帮助下，驱动套筒231使柔性闩锁臂233从显示的位置向内运动到它们不再将驱动套筒231与第一驱动元件232连接在一起的位置。一旦这种情况发生，驱动套筒231就不再作用于第一驱动元件232，允许它们彼此相对运动。当然，在这一点，注射器214被释放，这是因为由驱动弹簧230产生的力不再被传递到注射器214，作用在注射器上的力仅仅是来自复位弹簧226的回复力。因此，注射器214现在返回到其回缩位置，注射循环完成。

Claims (4)

1.一种注射装置，包括：
外壳，适于容纳具有排放嘴的注射器；
驱动器，其受致动并作用于注射器；
触发器，其可在静止位置和活动位置之间运动，在所述静止位置处，触发器使驱动器得到保持，在所述活动位置处，触发器不再使驱动器得到保持，允许通过排放嘴排放内容物；以及
联锁构件，其可在锁定位置和松开位置之间运动，在所述锁定位置，该联锁构件防止触发器从其静止位置运动到活动位置，在所述松开位置，该联锁构件允许触发器从其静止位置运动到活动位置，所述联锁构件包括套筒和连接到该套筒并与该套筒一起运动的按钮锁，所述触发器包括突起，所述按钮锁包括窗孔，该联锁构件的锁定位置为该套筒从所述外壳的排放口突出并且所述突起和窗孔不对准的位置，并且松开位置为该套筒不从所述排放口突出或者是从所述排放口突出更小程度并且所述突起和窗孔对准的位置，所述装置具有在所述触发器运动到活动位置时启动的视觉指示器，用来显示其已经被使用过。
2.根据权利要求1所述的注射装置，其中，由被保持在其活动位置的触发器提供所述视觉指示器。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的注射装置，其中，所述触发器包括锁定构件，在触发器的静止位置，该锁定构件与驱动器的锁定表面接合，而在活动位置，该锁定构件不与驱动器的锁定表面接合。
4.根据权利要求1所述的注射装置，其中，所述触发器包括闩锁突起，所述按钮锁包括相应的闩锁表面，在触发器处于其活动位置时所述闩锁突起锁定在该闩锁表面上。
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