CN1006970B - 加肋管的生产设备及制造方法 - Google Patents
加肋管的生产设备及制造方法Info
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Abstract
一种加肋管的生产设备和制造方法,该设备在中心轴线上有一个芯子,从喷料口挤出来的可塑材料包围在芯子的周围。模芯基本上是等径的,位于芯子的后端。管子外表面靠可沿轴向移动的金属型模来成型。模芯后段内装有冷却装置。在已有设备中,金属型模上的凹槽往往不能充满,管子内表面由于存在气泡等缺陷而变粗糙。这些缺点可以通过采用装有加热装置的模芯前段和把前段的外表面尺寸加工成沿着产品运行的方向稍有增大的办法来避免。
Description
本发明介绍一种加肋管的生产设备,这种加肋管由塑性材料制成并具有光滑的内表面。该设备由一个芯子、一个挤压套筒及许多金属型模所组成,芯子包括园柱心轴、锥心轴及模芯等三个部分。沿着设备的运行方向看去,锥心轴的位置在园柱心轴的后面,模芯基本上是一根等直径轴,它的位置在锥心轴的后面。挤压套筒包围在园柱心轴的四周,它与芯子一起为材料提供了一个喷料口。金属型模围绕在挤压套筒的芯子的周围,它们沿着环形轨道运行,在金属型模的内表面上开有许多凹槽,以便能在管子上压出肋来,冷却剂输送到与喷料口隔开一定距离的模芯端部,以便使该部分冷却。本发明还涉及一种加肋管的制造方法。
关于硬壁加肋管的生产设备和制造方法,已经有过多种方案,但是,由于他们各自存在的某些主要缺点,没有一种设备和制造方法能够在工业中使用,英国专利说明书1,431,796公开了一种挤压造型的方法,该方法的特点是:它主要利用挤压机来产生一个较低的造型压力;联邦德国专利说明书2,362,444和1,233,128、法国专利说明书7,315,485公开了一种注射造型的方法,该方法的特点是:它有一个密闭的造型小空间,该空间经常处于高压状态;从芬兰专利说明书60,825和联邦德国专利说明书2,709,395可以了解到一些压力造型的方法,它们的特点是:有一个敞开的造型空间,该方法一方面用挤压机产生
压力,另一方面又利用芯子的锥形扩大部分(即锥心轴)和金属型模的推力。从加拿大专利说明书1,172,813我们还可以了解到,在双壁波纹管的制造技术中,也有关类似的等直径模芯。
与本说明书一开始所公开的设备相对应的结构,可以从欧洲专利说明书0,005,104(美国专利说明书4,365,948)了解到,该说明书中图6给出了一种用挤压造型方法操作的设备,它可以制造出具有光滑内表面及波纹外表面的硬壁塑料管。该图表明模芯的冷却方法是:冷却剂只配置在模芯的末端,而在模芯的前部则不加冷却,并且该模芯是等直径的。
上述各种制造方法的主要缺点在于:它们很难生产出肋宽很窄的管子,而从使用的观点看,这种管子却是最好的。为了使金属型模内表面上的深而窄的凹槽能被材料所充满,必须使用很高的压力,这就要求设备具有很高的强度。当采用如聚氯乙稀这样的硬塑料而不加任何软化剂时,这些问题就变得更加严重了。
另一个主要问题是管子内表面的表面光洁度,表面光洁度受下列诸因素的损害:模压空间内所产生的气泡;软化状态下由于高剪切速度引起的裂纹;由于材料的层状结构所形成的不均度及冷裂;内表面可能粘附在模芯上以及由于材料的不均匀冷却而导致在材料内部形成的气泡和凹陷等。由于这些原因,以前在工业上使用上述方法一直不可能制造出高质量的加肋管。
本发明的目的在于提供一种生产加肋管的设备和制造方法,使用该种设备和制造方法,可以生产出具有完整肋条和光滑内表面的管子。本发明所述设备的特点是:在锥心轴与模芯后段之间的模芯前段中,装有用来加热前段的加热装置,并且模芯前段的直径沿材料运动方向稍有增大。
在本发明所述设备中,模芯的前段被加热,并且它的直径朝后段方向稍有增大。当管子在模芯区内被加热时,塑性物质或塑性材料也同时被迫挤入金属型模,并非常可靠地充满金属模的所有凹槽,这样管子的内表面就变得十分光滑。本发明所述结构所具有的这种有益作用的产生原因可能是:在锥心轴区域内,由于挤压力的作用而使材料充满金属型模的凹槽之后,金属型模就立即开始冷却该材料,使材料开始收缩,由于不同冷却速度和材料收缩所引起的各种缺陷都可以由在金属型模的凹槽中所产生的较高的末端压力所防止,因此模压材料的形状就可以精确地与金属型模及模芯的表面相符合。末端压力与挤压力的大小无关,可以通过改变加热效应来调整其大小,模芯的长度对末端压力也有影响。
加热装置可以只放在模芯前段的某一部分中,但从工作效果考虑,把加热装置放在模芯前段的全长内是有利的,基于同样的原因,模芯前段直径最好是均匀地增大。
本说明书中所说的模芯,是指芯子的一个部分,它的直径基本上是不变的,管子内表面尺寸就由它的直径所确定。显然,模芯的直径不能有较大的变化,因此在已有设备中,模芯都有固定的直径,或朝末端方向上其直径尺寸有少量减少,以便受冷收缩的管子不致粘附在模芯上。本发明中,模芯前段的直径沿运行方向只作了少量增大,其末端直径只比开始端的直径大0.2%~2%最好是大1%。
为了使模芯前段在管子模压时起到预期的作用,它必须足够长,在本发明中,模芯前段沿设备轴线方向上的长度是管子外径尺寸的10%~100%,最好是50%左右。
由于末端压力的作用,材料与模芯之间存在着很大的摩擦力,我们可以采用在模芯表面加上适当的塑性防护涂层例如硼化处理的办法
来消除由于摩擦力引起的各种有害影响。也可使用某种润滑剂或者在模芯的某部位上开一个很浅的螺旋形凹槽(或若干个轴向凹槽),该凹槽可以防止材料很快地粘附在模芯表面上等办法来消除摩擦力的有害影响。
本发明还涉及一种加肋管的制造方法,这种加肋管是由塑性材料制造的,并且具有光滑的内表面。处于塑性状态的某种材料,被挤入一个环形的模压空间中,该空间由挤压套筒的端面和设备的芯子外表面及围绕在挤压套筒及芯子周围的金属型模的内腔表面所构成。设备的芯子包括园柱心轴、锥心轴及基本上是等直径的模芯等三部分。金属型模沿着设备的运行方向运动,其内表面上开有为形成加肋管所需要的凹槽,已被模压成管子的材料,由金属型模及模芯后段来冷却。
本发明所述方法的特征在于:被模压成管子的材料内表面,在前段处受到加热;管子的内表面直径在模芯前段的范围内稍有增大。
下面我们结合附图更详细地介绍本发明的一个最佳实施例,其中图1为加肋管生产设备的全视图,图2为该设备放大了的局部纵向断面图。
图1所示的设备由两个金属型模1及2组成,金属型模1及2沿着环形轨道运动,他们在导轨3所在的位置相会合,并且在此区域形成一个园柱形模子。与挤压机5的挤压头相连的挤压套筒4伸进园柱形模中。我们从图1还可以看到,已加工成形的管子7从园柱形模的另一端伸出来的情况。
图2为该设备中参与管子模压成形的那部分零件的更详细的断面图。园柱心轴8处于该设备的中心线位置上,它是一根具有相同直径的直轴,其一部分伸到挤压套筒4的里面,锥心轴9的位置在园柱心轴8的后面,它全部落在挤压套筒4的外面,模芯10基本上是等直
径轴,它位于锥心轴9的后面。园柱心轴8、锥心轴9及模芯10三个部分连在一起形成了该设备的芯子。
挤压套筒4和园柱心轴8之间的空间,形成了环形喷料口11,模压材料(例如塑性材料)通过此处进入由挤压套筒4、金属型模1、2、园柱心轴8及锥心轴9所形成的模压空间12。为了获得外部带肋的管子,在金属型模的内表面上开有相互间隔一定距离的环形凹槽13,塑性材料在此处被挤入槽中形成肋。
模芯10是由前段14和后段15两个相连的部分组成,前段和后段之间被一个园周凹槽16隔开,润滑剂(例如空气)可以经过凹槽输送到模芯的后段15的表面上。座在后段15内的冷却装置17(如图中所示)使液体冷却剂通过后段15的内部,这样后段15的表面冷却,进而也使模压管的内表面得到冷却,因此当管子7从设备上取下来时,能保持它的形状不变。
从凹槽16起,后段15的直径逐渐略有减少,因此直径D1比D2约大1%。虽然在附图中为了清楚起见,放大了这个锥度,实际上该锥度是十分平缓的。
本发明中位于锥心轴9及凹槽16之间的模芯前段的直径,在向着凹槽16的方向上稍有增大,并且在这一部分装有加热装置。
图中直径D3是前段14与锥心轴9相邻接部分,D4是前段14与凹槽16相邻接部分,从D3开始到D4,前段14的直径均匀地增大,故直径D4比D3约大1%~2%,实践证明,尽管直径增大量很小,但却具有很大的重要性,此外,在前段的全长上都装有加热装置,该装置在附图中用数字18表示。
前段14的长度是管子外径的10%~100%,最好是50%后段15的长度是管子外径的50%~200%。
为冷却管子的外表面,金属型模1、2中也装有冷却装置(图中未示出)。
附图中所示的设备以下列方式工作,用于成形的挤压材料(例如塑性材料),通过挤压套筒4和园柱心轴8之间的喷料口11输送到模压空间12中。由于锥心轴9的作用,迫使该材料向外运动,从而充满金属型模的凹槽13以及金属型模与芯子之间的空腔中,这样,被迫进入凹槽13中的材料就形成了管子的肋,而留在金属型模与芯子之间的材料则形成了管壁。
当材料与金属型模1、2相接触时,就开始冷却而与模芯最靠近的那部分材料,由于在模芯前段14处受到上述加热装置18的加热,则仍然保持塑性状态,在模芯前段14处,由于材料受到加热以及此处的直径逐渐增大所起的作用,模压材料可以很好地充入所有凹槽13中,并且非常均匀,同时也可使管子的内表面十分光滑。
管子通过凹槽16之后,由于受到冷却装置17的作用,管子内表面也开始冷却,材料逐渐变硬,因而当管子从设备上取下时,能保持它的形状不变。在冷却过程中,管子会发生收缩,为了防止管子粘附在模芯上,模芯后段的直径在朝向末端的方向上应有一个小锥度,同时还应把润滑剂输送到位于凹槽16后面的模芯后段的外表面上。
与上述情况不同,模芯前段只需在部分长度上装有加热装置18,如果模芯表面不需要加润滑剂的话,凹槽16也可以不开,此外还应注意到,为了清楚起见,附图中模芯前段14表面的倾斜度已经被放大了。
Claims (6)
1、一种加肋管的制造方法,所说的加肋管是塑性材料制成的并有光滑的内表面,该方法包括处于塑性状态的某种材料通过挤压套筒4和圆柱心轴8之间的喷料口11输送到模压空间12中,然后由于锥心轴的作用,该材料向外运动,从而充满金属型模的凹槽13及金属型模与芯子之间的空腔中,进入凹槽13中的材料就形成了管子的肋,而留在金属型模与芯子之间的材料则形成了管壁;接下来被模压成管子的材料由金属型模1、2及模芯后段来冷却,被模压成管子的材料内表面在前段14处受加热,其特征在于:管子的内表面直径在模芯前段范围内稍有增大,即模芯前段直径D3到D4的增加量为0.2%~2%,最好为1%。
2、一种加肋管生产设备,这种加肋管由塑性材料制成并具有光滑的内表面,该设备有一个芯子,一个挤压套筒及许多金属型模所组成,芯子包括园柱心轴8、锥心轴9及模芯10等三个部分,沿着设备的运行方向看去,锥心轴的位置在园柱心轴的后面,模芯基本上是一根等直径轴,它的位置在锥心轴的后面,挤压套筒4包围在园柱心轴的四周,它与芯子一起为材料提供了一个喷料口,金属型模1,2围绕在挤压套筒和芯子的周围,它们沿着环形轨道运行,在金属型模的内表面上开有许多凹槽13,以便在管子7上压出肋来,冷却装置17输送冷却剂到与喷料口隔开一定距离的模芯后段15处,以便使该部分冷却,在锥心轴9与模芯后段15之间的模芯前段14中,装有用来加热前段的加热装置18,其特征在于:前段14有直径D3、D4沿材料运动方向稍有增大,即模芯前段直径D3到D4的增加量为0.2%~2%,最好为1%。
3、根据权利要求2所述的生产设备,其特征在于:模芯前段14的全长上均装有加热装置18。
4、根据权利要求2中所述的生产设备,其特征在于:模芯前段的直径D3、D4基本上是均匀增大的。
5、根据权利要求2中所述的生产设备,其特征在于:前段14沿设备轴线方向上的长度是管子外径尺寸的10%~100%,最好是50%。
6、根据权利要求2中所述的生产设备,其特征在于:模芯10的外表面进行了硼化处理,或在该表面上开一个螺旋槽,或开若干个沿模芯轴向伸展的凹槽。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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FI860135A FI74654C (fi) | 1986-01-13 | 1986-01-13 | Anordning och foerfarande foer framstaellning av kamflaensroer. |
FI860135 | 1986-01-13 |
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CN87100116A CN87100116A (zh) | 1987-08-12 |
CN1006970B true CN1006970B (zh) | 1990-02-28 |
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CN87100116A Expired CN1006970B (zh) | 1986-01-13 | 1987-01-09 | 加肋管的生产设备及制造方法 |
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US (1) | US4867928A (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0290429B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JPS63503296A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1006970B (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE61968T1 (zh) |
AU (1) | AU591693B2 (zh) |
BR (1) | BR8607206A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA1275773C (zh) |
DE (2) | DE3678449D1 (zh) |
DK (1) | DK164091C (zh) |
FI (1) | FI74654C (zh) |
HU (1) | HU206468B (zh) |
NL (1) | NL8601946A (zh) |
NO (1) | NO873748D0 (zh) |
SU (1) | SU1565342A3 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO1987004113A1 (zh) |
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US4988466A (en) * | 1987-02-19 | 1991-01-29 | Uponor N.V., Emmaplein | Method and an apparatus for the production of ribbed pipes |
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DE3737588C3 (de) * | 1987-11-05 | 1993-12-23 | Corma Inc | Verfahren zum Herstellen eines innen glatten, außen gerippten Rohres aus extrudierbarem Kunststoff sowie Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens |
FI80234C (fi) * | 1988-07-05 | 1990-05-10 | Uponor Nv | Anordning foer framstaellning av gallerkonstruktioner. |
CA1303315C (en) * | 1988-09-16 | 1992-06-16 | Manfred A.A. Lupke | Apparatus for producing pipe with annular ribs |
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AU3328897A (en) * | 1996-07-23 | 1998-02-10 | C.A. Greiner & Sohne Gesellschaft M.B.H. | Device for processing a molten mass of plasticised plastics |
DE19724857C1 (de) * | 1997-06-12 | 1998-07-16 | Unicor Rohrsysteme Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Kunststoff-Wellrohren |
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-
1986
- 1986-01-13 FI FI860135A patent/FI74654C/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-07-03 AT AT86904188T patent/ATE61968T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-07-03 HU HU8634A patent/HU206468B/hu not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-07-03 JP JP61503830A patent/JPS63503296A/ja active Granted
- 1986-07-03 BR BR8607206A patent/BR8607206A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-07-03 AU AU61343/86A patent/AU591693B2/en not_active Expired
- 1986-07-03 EP EP86904188A patent/EP0290429B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-07-03 DE DE8686904188T patent/DE3678449D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1986-07-03 WO PCT/FI1986/000072 patent/WO1987004113A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1986-07-07 DE DE19863622775 patent/DE3622775A1/de active Granted
- 1986-07-11 CA CA000513625A patent/CA1275773C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-07-29 NL NL8601946A patent/NL8601946A/nl not_active Application Discontinuation
-
1987
- 1987-01-09 CN CN87100116A patent/CN1006970B/zh not_active Expired
- 1987-09-08 NO NO873748A patent/NO873748D0/no unknown
- 1987-09-10 DK DK473087A patent/DK164091C/da not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1987-09-11 SU SU874203448A patent/SU1565342A3/ru active
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1988
- 1988-04-28 US US07/188,193 patent/US4867928A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NL8601946A (nl) | 1987-08-03 |
FI74654B (fi) | 1987-11-30 |
FI74654C (fi) | 1988-03-10 |
DK473087D0 (da) | 1987-09-10 |
EP0290429B1 (en) | 1991-03-27 |
EP0290429A1 (en) | 1988-11-17 |
NO873748L (no) | 1987-09-08 |
JPH0568340B2 (zh) | 1993-09-28 |
US4867928A (en) | 1989-09-19 |
JPS63503296A (ja) | 1988-12-02 |
FI860135A0 (fi) | 1986-01-13 |
NO873748D0 (no) | 1987-09-08 |
AU591693B2 (en) | 1989-12-14 |
FI860135A (fi) | 1987-07-14 |
WO1987004113A1 (en) | 1987-07-16 |
DK473087A (da) | 1987-09-10 |
ATE61968T1 (de) | 1991-04-15 |
SU1565342A3 (ru) | 1990-05-15 |
DK164091B (da) | 1992-05-11 |
DE3622775C2 (zh) | 1990-10-11 |
DE3622775A1 (de) | 1987-07-16 |
AU6134386A (en) | 1987-07-28 |
DE3678449D1 (de) | 1991-05-02 |
CA1275773C (en) | 1990-11-06 |
DK164091C (da) | 1992-10-12 |
HU206468B (en) | 1992-11-30 |
BR8607206A (pt) | 1988-12-06 |
CN87100116A (zh) | 1987-08-12 |
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