CN100564018C - 单面面层弹力粘合层压制品及其制备方法 - Google Patents
单面面层弹力粘合层压制品及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN100564018C CN100564018C CNB2004800396427A CN200480039642A CN100564018C CN 100564018 C CN100564018 C CN 100564018C CN B2004800396427 A CNB2004800396427 A CN B2004800396427A CN 200480039642 A CN200480039642 A CN 200480039642A CN 100564018 C CN100564018 C CN 100564018C
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Abstract
能够收卷以供贮存并在所述卷需要使用时可以开卷的弹性层压制品,包括选自长丝束阵列、在长丝束上沉积了熔喷材料的长丝束阵列和薄膜的弹性层;和仅向所述弹性层一侧粘合的面层。该层压制品还包括沉积在弹性层和面层之间并显示出较短开放时间的粘合剂,或沉积在面层对侧的弹性层上的该粘合剂和粘合后粘合剂或不粘连剂或不粘连剂层。熔喷层包括结晶度为约3-约40%的弹性聚烯烃基熔喷聚合物。该层压制品宜具有300mm/分钟应变速率下低于约70克/3英寸横向宽度的层间剥离强度。替换地或者另外,长丝束和/或面层包括结晶度为约3%-约40%的弹性聚烯烃基熔喷聚合物。在某些实施方案中,该弹性层压制品包括粘合在基重为约50gsm或更低的弹性或半弹性薄膜层上的可伸展面层,其中该面层包括结晶度为约3%-约40%的弹性聚烯烃基聚合物。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及用于各种个人护理产品和其它要求弹力的产品之上或之中的长丝和薄膜基弹力粘合层压材料,以及这种弹力粘合层压材料的制造方法。
发明背景
术语“弹力粘合层压制品”指的是按照弹力粘合层压工艺制成的复合弹性材料,即只有当弹性层处于伸长状态(如至少拉长其松弛长度的约25%)时才使弹性层与附加的面层结合在一起,这样在备层松弛时,所述的附加层是皱褶(gather)的。这样的层压制品通常具有纵向(MD)弹力并可随后被拉伸至在粘合位置之间皱褶的附加(一般为非弹性)材料容许弹性材料伸长的程度。在例如Vander Wielen等人的美国专利No.4,720,415中公开了一种弹力粘合层压制品,其中采用了从多排挤出机产生的多层相同的聚合物。其它复合弹性材料公开在Wright的美国专利No.5,385,775和2002年8月8日公开的共同未决美国专利公开No.2002-0104608中,将它们的每一个都全文引入作为参考。这样的弹力粘合层压制品包括弹性组分纤网,如熔喷纤网、薄膜、一列/系列通常平行的长丝束(挤出或预成型的),或它们的组合。在拉伸状态下将弹性层向两层非弹性或可伸展的非织造面层材料粘合,这样为得到的层压制品赋予良好的织物手感。特别地,将弹性层粘合在两个面层之间,这样面层夹着弹性层。在一些情况下,也可以使可皱褶的面层颈缩,这样,该弹力粘合层压制品实际上是颈缩弹力粘合层压制品,其在横向(CD)上具有一定伸展性能/弹性。
“颈缩”或“颈缩的”指的是在特定方向上拉紧织物,由此减少在垂直于拉紧方向的方向上的织物宽度尺寸的方法。例如,纵向拉紧非织造织物造成织物横向“颈缩”或变窄并产生颈缩的织物横向可拉伸性。这种可伸展和/或弹性织物的实例包括但不限于Morman等人的美国专利No.4,965,122和Morman等人的5,336,545中描述的那些,将其均全文引入作为参考。
“颈缩粘合”指的是这样的方法:其中仅当非弹性元件伸展或颈缩时才使弹性元件粘合在该非弹性元件上,以减少其在垂直于伸长方向的方向上的尺寸。“颈缩粘合层压制品”指的是按照颈缩粘合方法制成的复合弹性材料,即仅当非弹性层处于伸展/颈缩条件时才使各层结合到一起。这样的层压制品通常具有横向弹力。颈缩粘合层压制品的其它实例如描述在Morman的美国专利No.5,226,992,4,981,747和Haffner等人的美国专利No.5,514,470中的那些,分别将其全文引入作为参考。
“颈缩-弹力粘合”通常指这样的方法,其中当弹性元件伸长(如伸长其松弛长度的约25%)而另一层是颈缩的非弹性层时将弹性元件向该另一元件粘合。“颈缩-弹力粘合层压制品”指的是按照颈缩-弹力粘合方法制成的复合弹性材料,即当两层均处于伸长状态时将各层结合在一起并随后使之松弛。这样的层压制品通常具有多方向弹力。
这样的弹力粘合层压制品可用来向个人护理产品的各种组件提供弹性和附加的令人愉悦的织物状触感的益处,如向尿布衬里或外覆片、尿布腰带材料、尿布腿部密封(翻边(cuff))材料、尿布耳部分(即,系扎系统和尿布的结合点),以及尿布和儿童训练裤的侧面材料。由于这些材料经常与人体皮肤触,希望该材料触感较为柔软,而不是具有橡胶般的触感(弹性材料通常具有的感觉)。这样的材料也可以为加入保护性工作服的材料提供弹性和舒适性,如手术袍、面罩和披盖、实验服或保护性外罩如汽车、烤架或船罩。
由于这样的柔软又可拉伸的材料有助于使这些弹性材料更具有用户友好性,因此仍然需要能够提供更佳布状织物感觉的产品。在该方面,需要提供更高皱褶水平的此类材料。而且,通过整体基重下降,需要具有更大柔韧性的这种层压产品。同样,通过除去层压制品上的一个面层和采用较低基重的弹性层组分,还需要能提供降低劲度的层压制品材料。在用作弹性材料时,这样的层压制品将效率更高,加之除去一个面层而更加成本高效。这样的层压制品使使用/伸展更容易,由于不存在额外的面层的牵制而具有更佳的回弹能力。实质上,这样的层压制品将以更低的聚合物重量提供出更高的回弹性。然而,即使预期全部上述优点,因为生产上的困难,如今,单面弹力粘合层压制品(即仅在一面上具有可皱褶面层的弹力粘合层压制品)仍难以实现。
在使用自身加入了粘合剂组分的弹力粘合层压制品时,希望选择不会为材料增加劲度的粘合剂。在使用时,这种劲度会对产品的整体感觉和产品提供伸长特性的能力产生负面作用。因此,希望研制其它的粘合剂设置方式,其不会对层压制品材料的感觉和性能产生负面影响,同时仍能形成单面材料。
许多粘合剂自身通常具有一定的弹性,即使在干燥或固化后仍会保留一定的粘性。结果,因其固有的粘性,至少对于纤维、薄膜和纤网基弹力粘合层压制品而言,需要在中心弹性组分(即长丝阵列)两侧采用面层,以防止加工/贮存过程中的卷粘连。对于这种应用目的而言,术语“卷粘连”和“卷粘着”可交互使用,指的是粘性薄膜、粘性长丝阵列或其它粘性片状材料在最终使用前在为贮存而收卷时向其自身粘着的倾向。这种卷粘连会阻碍卷轴上包含的材料的使用,因为在实际需要时不能将该成卷材料开卷。在长丝基弹力粘合层压制品中,经常向这些面层本身施用粘合剂,然后在辊隙中将丝束阵列介于其间而与面层结合。这种设置方式通常描述为ABA层压制品,其中A是面层,B是弹性层。
尽管希望降低弹力粘合层压制品的基重,这样使材料更为价廉和更具柔性,但如果在使用前需要贮存,迄今为止仍不清楚怎样消除额外的面层而不会造成卷材粘着。固此希望拥有具有可接受的弹性性能的单面弹力粘合层压制品,其还能够以卷材形式贮存而不会产生卷粘连。还希望拥有能够在可接受的贮存条件如在指定时期内并在一定温度范围内以卷材形式保持的材料。本发明指向了这些需要。
发明概述
能够卷绕贮存并在需要使用时开卷的弹性层压制品包括选自长丝束阵列、具有沉积在长丝束上的熔喷层的长丝束的阵列和薄膜的弹性层;以及仅在弹性层一面上粘合的面层。该弹性层压制品可包括结晶度为约3%-约40%或约5%-约30%的弹性聚烯烃基聚合物。所述弹性聚烯烃基聚合物的熔体流动速率为约10-约600克/10分钟,或约60-约300克/10分钟,或约150-约200克/10分钟;熔融/软化点为约40-约160摄氏度;和/或约0.8-约0.95,或约0.85-约0.93或约0.86-约0.89克/厘米3的密度。该弹性聚烯烃基聚合物可包括聚乙烯、聚丙烯、丁烯或辛烯的均或共聚物,乙烯甲基丙烯酸酯、乙烯醋酸乙烯酯、丙烯酸丁酯共聚物或任何这些聚合物的组合。可采用所述弹性聚烯烃基聚合物形成熔喷层、长丝束和/或面层。
所述弹性层压制品还可以包括沉积在长丝来阵列和熔喷层之间或弹性层和可皱褶面层之间且具有较短开放时间的粘合剂。在某些实施方案中,所述弹性层压制品可包括沉积在面层对侧的弹性层上的不粘连剂层;然而,当熔喷层包括弹性聚烯烃基聚合物时,不粘连剂层不是必需的。
更具体而言,当熔喷层包括弹性聚烯烃基聚合物时,所述弹性层压制品宜具有在300毫米/分钟(mm/min)的应变速率下低于约70克/3英寸横向宽度的层间剥离强度。例如,当弹性层压制品自身成卷时,可在将来使用时将其开卷,在300mm/min的应变速率下从卷轴上(在其开卷时)的剥离强度为低于约200,或低于约100,或低于约70,或低于约60,或低于约50克/3英寸横向宽度。因而,所述弹性层压制品不需要任何后辊轧处理,如不粘连剂等。
在另一个可选实施方案中,所述弹性层压制品在长丝束阵列和熔喷层之间或面层和弹性层之间包括粘合剂,其具有的开放时间为约0.2秒-1分钟,或约0.2秒-3秒,或约0.5秒-2秒。在另一个可选实施方案中,这种弹性层压制品在长丝束阵列和熔喷层之间或面层和弹性层之间包括粘合剂,其中的粘合剂施用量低于约16gsm或低于约8gsm或低于约4gsm,或为约1-4gsm。在还一个可选实施方案中,该层压制品在面层和弹性层之间包括粘合剂,并且在弹性层与面层相反的那一面上也包括粘合剂。在另一个可选实施方案中,这种粘合剂以相似的引入量分布于面层和弹性层之间和弹性层与面层相反的那一面上。
弹性层中的熔喷层可以是熔喷材料单层,或者,作为可选方案,可包括二或更多层。例如,其中的一层可包括结晶度为约3%-约40%或约5%-约30%的弹性聚烯烃基熔喷聚合物,另一层包括苯乙烯型嵌段共聚物基熔喷聚合物。
层压时所述熔喷层在弹性层压制品中存在的引入量最高为约34克/平方米(gsm),或为约1-约5gsm,或约1.25-约2.5gsm。
在本发明的另一个可选实施方案中,弹性层总体基重最高为约54gsm。在本发明的再一个可选实施方案中,弹性层基重为约4gsm-23gsm或为约10gsm-18gsm。
在本发明的另一个可选实施方案中,所述弹性层压制品包括沉积在面层对侧的弹性层上的熔喷不粘连剂。在本发明的又一个可选实施方案中,该熔喷不粘连剂的沉积量为约0.2-2.0gsm,或者为约0.2-1.5gsm,或为约0.2-0.8gsm,或为约0.2-0.5gsm。在本发明的另一个可选实施方案中,熔喷不粘连剂选自聚烯烃和弹性聚合物。
在本发明的另一个可选实施方案中,弹性层的基重为约3gsm-20gsm。在本发明的再一个可选实施方案中,弹性层基重为约4-15gsm。在本发明的又一个可选实施方案中,弹性层是长丝束或在其上沉积了弹性熔喷层的长丝束的阵列。
在本发明的另一个可选实施方案中,面层的基重为约0.3-1.5osy。在本发明的再一个可选实施方案中,面层选自非织造纤网、非织造纤网层压制品、泡沫、稀松布、网布、薄膜及其组合。在本发明的又一个可选实施方案中,使该单独的可皱褶面层颈缩。在某些实施方案中,面层包括纺粘-熔喷-纺粘层压制品,其中的熔喷层包括弹性聚烯烃基聚合物并位于两个纺粘层之间。
在本发明的另一个可选实施方案中,将可伸展面层向弹性或半弹性薄膜粘合,该薄膜基重为约50克/平方米(gsm)或更低,或为约35-约45gsm,或为约38-约42gsm。所述薄膜和/或面层可包括本文描述的弹性聚烯烃基聚合物。所述层压制品比具有两个常规面层的层压制品呈现出更强的回弹性。该层压制品还可包括弹性纤维束。作为再一个可选方案,所述层压制品可包括粘合在薄膜相对表面上的第二可伸展面层。
在一个可选实施方案中,形成弹力粘合层压制品的方法包括通过向长丝束阵列施用弹性熔喷聚合物成形弹性层;拉伸该弹性层;当拉伸的弹性层处于拉伸状态时向与熔喷层相邻的被拉伸的弹性层粘合可皱褶性面层,以形成弹力粘合层压制品;并使该拉伸的粘合层压制品回复。
在另一个可选实施方案中,成形单面层弹力粘合层压制品的方法包括提供弹性层;向弹性层的一侧施用熔喷不粘连剂;拉伸该弹性层;在拉伸的弹性层处于拉伸状态下时仅向熔喷不粘连剂对侧上的拉伸的弹性层上粘合可皱褶性面层,以形成单面弹力粒合层压制品;并使该拉伸的粘合层压制品回缩。由该方法制成的单面面层弹力粘合层压制品(该术语与单面弹力粘合层压制品使用含义相同)用于个人护理或其它可拉伸制品中也在本发明考虑之内。
在另一个可选实施方案中,成形单面弹力粘合层压制品的方法包括提供弹性层;拉伸该弹性层;通过采用开放时间较短、固化后无粘性的粘合剂,在拉伸的弹性层处于拉伸状态下时仅向拉伸的弹性层的一面粘合可皱褶面层,以形成弹力粘合层压制品;并使该拉伸的粘合层压制品回缩。在又一个可选实施方案中,施用粘合剂将弹性层向可皱褶性单面层粘合,这既在弹性层与面层接触之前(粘合前粘合剂施用)又在弹性层与面层接触之后(粘合后施用)进行。粘合前粘合剂施用是在将弹性层和面层结合在一起形成层压制品之前施用。在一个实施方案中,粘合后粘合剂施用是在将弹性层和面层层压后施用在层压制品的长丝一面。在另一个可选实施方案中,在粘合前和粘合后粘合剂施用中施用近似量的粘合剂。应认为本发明也包括通过这种粘合剂法制成的单面弹力粘合层压制品及由该层压制品制成的物品。
附图简述
参考结合附图对本发明实施方案进行的以下描述可以更好地理解本发明,其中:
图1A和1B说明了本发明单面弹力粘合层压制品的制造方法。
图2说明了单面弹力粘合层压材料一个实施方案的横截面图。
图3说明了单面弹力粘合层压材料另一个实施方案的横截面图。
图4说明了单面弹力粘合层压材料再一个实施方案的横截面图。
图5说明了单面弹力粘合层压材料又一个实施方案的横截面图。
图6说明了双面弹力粘合层压材料一个实施方案的横截面图。
图7A和7B说明了本发明单面弹力粘合层压制品的可选制造方法。
图8说明了单面弹力粘合层压材料另一个实施方案的横截面图。
图9说明了单面弹力粘合层压材料另一个实施方案的横截面图。
图10说明了采用本发明制造的单面弹力粘合层压制品的个人护理产品。
定义
在本说明书的上下文内,下面的的每个术语或短语包括以下含义。
本文中使用的术语“个人护理产品”指尿布、训练裤、泳衣、吸收性内衣、成人失禁用品和女性卫生用品如女性护垫、卫生巾和卫生护垫。虽然图10说明了尿布,应认识到本发明的材料可以作为弹性组件容易地加入到任何前述个人护理产品中。例如,可采用该材料制成训练裤的弹性侧面。
本文中使用的术语“保护性外套”指工作场所用于保护的服装,如手术袍、医院服、外罩、实验服、面罩和保护性连身工作服。
本文中使用的术语“保护罩”和“保护性外罩”指用于保护物品的罩,例如汽车、船和烧烤架罩,以及农用织物。
本文中使用的术语“聚合物”,当无描述性修饰语使用时,通常包括但不限于均聚物、共聚物,例如嵌段、枝接、无规和交替共聚物、三元共聚物等及其共混物和改性物。而且,除非另有特别限定,术语“聚合物”包括分子全部可能的空间构型。这些构型包括但不限于全同立构、间同立构和无规对称。
本文中使用的术语“纵向”或MD指的是沿织物被生产的方向上的长度的方向。术语“横向”、“横向的”或CD指的是横跨织物宽度的方向,即通常垂直于MD的方向。
本文中使用的术语“非织造纤网”指的是具有各个纤维或线相互层叠但又不是可分辨的重复方式的结构的聚合物纤网。过去,非织造纤网通过多种方法形成,例如,熔喷法、纺粘法、水力缠结、气流成网和粘合粗梳纤网法。
本文中使用的术语“粘合粗梳纤网”指的是由通常成包购买的切段纤维制成的纤网。将所述包放在分离纤维的成纤单元/挑选机中。接下来,经由精梳或粗梳单元输送纤维,将切段纤维进一步分开并沿纵向排列以形成纵向定向的纤维质非织造纤网。该纤网一经形成,即通过几种粘合方法中的一或多种粘合。一种粘合方法是粉末粘合,其中在整个纤网上分布粉末粘合剂,然后使之活化,通常通过用热空气加热纤网和粘合剂。另一种粘合方法是花纹粘合,其中采用加热的轧光辊或超声粘合设备将纤维粘合在一起,通常呈透过纤网的局部粘合花纹和/或,替换地,根据需要沿其整个表面粘合纤网。当采用双组分切段纤维时,对于许多用途,透气粘合设备特别有利的。
本文中使用的术语“纺粘”指的是小直径纤维,其通过挤出熔融热塑性材料以单丝形式从多个细小且通常为圆形的喷丝板毛细管成形,挤出单丝的直径通过示于例如以下专利中的方式迅速减小:Appel等人的美国专利No.4,340,563和Dorschner等人的美国专利No.3,692,618,Matsuki等人的美国专利No.3,802,817,Kinney的美国专利No.3,338,992和3,341,394,Dobo等人的美国专利No.3,542,615,将其每一篇均全文引入作为参考。
本文中使用的术语“熔喷”指的是经由多个细小且通常为圆形的模头毛细管以熔融的线或单丝的形式,将熔融的热塑性材料挤出到收敛性高速气体(例如空气)流中,其令熔融热塑性材料的单丝变细以减小其直径(可能到微纤直径)。之后,高速气流携带着熔喷纤维并被沉积在收集表面上形成无规分布的熔喷纤维纤网。这种工艺公开在各种专利和出版物中,包括B.A.Wendt,E.L.Boone和D.D.Fluharty的NRL报告4364,《超细有机纤维的制造》;K.D.Lawrence,R.T.Lukas,J.A.Young的NRL报告5265,《超细热塑性纤维成型用改进设备》和1974年11月19日授予Butin等人的美国专利No.3,849,241,将其全文引入作为参考。
本文中使用的术语“片材”和“片状材料”可交互使用,在无修饰词时,指织造材料、非织造纤网、聚合物薄膜、聚合物稀松织物状材料和聚合物泡沫片。
非织造布或薄膜的基重通常表示为材料的盎司数/平方码(osy)或克/平方米(g/m2或gsm),纤维直径通常以微米表示。(注意;从osy向gsm换算,用33.91乘osy)。膜厚也可表示为微米或密耳。
本文中使用的术语“层压制品”指的是经由粘合步骤,如经粘合剂粘合、热粘合、点粘合、压力粘合、挤出涂覆或超声粘合法粘附的二或更多片状材料层构成的复合结构。
本文中使用的术语“弹性态的”可以与术语“弹性的”互换,指的是一种片状材料,在施加拉伸力时在至少一个方向(如CD方向)上可拉伸,并且,随着拉伸力的释放而回缩/回复到大约其原始尺寸。例如,经拉伸的材料具有的拉伸长度至少比其松弛的未拉伸长度大50%,随着拉伸力的释放,回复到其拉伸长度的至少50%以内。假设实例为一(1)英寸的材料样品,其可以拉伸至至少1.50英寸,随着拉伸力的释放,回复到不超过1.25英寸的长度。希望这样的弹性态片材在特定方向,如在纵向或横向上,回缩或回复到最高至拉伸长度的50%。甚至更希望这样的弹性态片材在特定方向,如在纵向或横向上,最高回复到最高至拉伸长度的80%。甚至更希望这样的弹性态片材在特定方向,如在纵向或横向上,回复到超过拉伸长度的80%。希望这样的弹性态片材在MD和CD方向上都是可拉伸和可回复的。
本文中使用的术语“半弹性”指的是在至少一个方向(如CD方向)上为弹性或弹性态的或可拉伸的片状材料,并且随着拉伸力的释放至少部分回缩。例如,当将半弹性材料拉伸至其原始尺寸的200%时,随着拉伸力的释放,该半弹性材料将回缩至小于其原始尺寸的200%,如低于其原始尺寸的175%,或低于其原始尺寸的150%。
本文中使用的术语“弹性体”指弹性体状的聚合物。
本文中使用的术语“热塑性”指能够熔融加工的聚合物。
本文中使用的术语“非弹性”或“非弹性”指不处于以上“弹性”定义范围内的任意材料。
本文中使用的术语“多层层压制品”指的是包括多种不同片状材料的层压制品。例如,多层层压制品可包括一些纺粘层和一些熔喷层,如纺粘/熔喷/纺粘(SMS)层压制品和公开于以下专利中的其它情况:Brock等人的美国专利4,041,203,Collier等人的美国专利5,169,706,Potts等人的美国专利5,145,727,Perkins等人的美国专利5,178,931和Timmons等人的美国专利5,188,885,将其分别全文引入作为参考。这种层压制品可通过向移动的成形带上按顺序沉积以下材料制成:首先是纺粘织物层,然后是熔喷织物层,最后是另一个纺粘层,然后粘合该层压制品,如通过热点粘合法。作为可选方案,可分别制备织物层,收集成卷,在独立的一个或多个粘合步骤中结合。多层层压制品也可以具有多种不同结构的各种数目的熔喷层或多个纺粘层,可包括其它材料像薄膜(F)或共成形(coform)材料,例如SMMS、SM、SFS。
本文中使用的术语“共成形”指的是这样的方法,其中将至少一个熔喷模头排列在斜管附近,经由该斜管在其成形过程中向该纤网加入其它材料。所述其它材料例如可以是浆粕、超吸收性颗粒、纤维素或切段纤维。共成形工艺示于Lau的美国专利4,818,464和Anderson等人的4,100,324中,将它们分别全文引入作为参考。
本文中使用的术语“复合纤维”指的是由经独立的挤出机挤出的至少两种聚合物形成却纺丝在一起形成一根纤维的纤维。复合纤维有时也指多组分或双组分纤维。所述聚合物通常彼此不同,但复合纤维可以是单组分纤维。聚合物沿复合纤维的截面排列在基本上固定的不同区域中,并沿复合纤维的长度连续延伸。这种复合纤维的构造例如为鞘/芯型排列,其中一种聚合物被另一种包围,或者可以是并列型排列,馅饼式排列或“海中岛”型排列。在Kaneko等人的美国专利5,108,820,Krueger等人的美国专利4,795,668和Strack等人的美国专利5,336,552中讲解了复合纤维。在Pike等人的美国专利5,382,400中也讲解了复合纤维,并可以通过采用两或多种聚合物膨胀和收缩速率的不同用于在纤维中产生卷曲。对于二组分纤维而言,聚合物可以按所需的各种比例存在。所述纤维还可以具有诸如Hogle等人的美国专利5,277,976、Hills的美国专利5,466,410和Largman等人的美国专利5,069,970和5,057,368中描述的那些形状,这些专利描述了非常规形状的纤维。上述的每一个专利均引入本文作为参考。
本文中使用的术语“热点粘合”涉及经加热的轧光辊和砧辊之间传送待粘合的织物或纤维网。轧光辊通常,但不总是以某种方式图案化,这样整块织物不是沿整个表面都粘合,砧辊通常是平的。结果,出于功能和审美的原因,为轧光辊研发了各种图案。图案的一个实例具有多个点,是Hansen Pennings或“H&P”图案,粘合区约30%,约200个粘合点/平方英寸,如Hansen和Pennings的美国专利3,855,046中阐述的,将其全文引入作为参考。H&P图案具有方形点或针粘合区域,其中每个针的边长为0.038英寸(0.965mm),针间隔为0.070英寸(1.778mm),粘合深度为0.023英寸(0.584mm)。得到的图案具有约29.5%的粘合面积。另一个典型的点粘合图案是广延的HansenPennings图案或“EHP”粘合图案,其产生出15%的粘合面积,方形针的边长为0.037英寸(0.94mm),针间隔0.097英寸(2.464mm),深度为0.039英寸(0.991mm)。另一种称作“714”的典型点粘合图案具有方形针粘合区域,其中每个针的边长为0.023英寸,针间的间隔为0.062英寸(1.575mm),粘合深度为0.033英寸(0.838mm)。得到的图案具有约15%的粘合面积。另一种常用图案是C-星形图案,其粘合面积为约16.9%。C-星形图案具有十字方向的条或被流星分隔的“灯芯绒式”设计。其它的常用图案包括具有重复并稍偏移的菱形的菱形图案,具有约16%的粘合面积,以及金属丝网图案,如其名所称,看上去例如像纱窗图案,具有约15%-约21%的粘合面积和约302个粘合点/平方英寸。
一般,粘合面积百分数在织物层压制品面积的约10%-约30%间变化。如本领域所公知的,点粘合将层压制品各层固定在一起并通过粘合长丝和/或各层内的纤维为每个单独的层赋予整体性。
本文中使用的术语“超声粘合”指的是这样一种方法,例如,通过使织物在音波号和砧辊之间传送来进行,如Bornslaeger的美国专利4,374,888中所示,将其全文引入作为参考。
本文中使用的术语“粘合剂粘合”指的是一种粘合方法,通过施用粘合剂形成粘合。可通过各种方法来施用粘合剂,如缝口涂布、喷涂和其它局部施用。而且,可以在某一产品组件内施用该粘合剂,然后暴露于压力,这样,第二产品组件与含粘合剂的该产品组件的接触形成了二组件之间的粘合剂粘合。
本文中使用的术语“轧光后处理”指的是任意处理,如不粘连剂的施用,其一般在层压工艺结束前向层压制品施用,如在经由辊隙或在轧光辊上传送层压制品之后,以降低层间剥离强度。
本文中使用的术语“层间剥离强度”指的是当层压制品从卷轴开卷时将其与自身分离开所需的剥离强度,与层压制品内层间的剥离强度相对。可采用以下详细描述的卷粘连测试方法测定层间剥离强度。
本文及权利要求中使用的术语“包含”是包含性和开放式的,不排除另外的未阐述的元素、组成组件或方法步骤。因此,该术语旨在与词语“具有”、“有”、“有着”、“包括”、“包含”及这些词的任意衍生词同意。
本文中使用的术语“可伸展的”或“可延伸的”指的是在至少一个方向上可伸长,但不必可回复。
除非另有说明,配方中的组分百分数按重量计。
发明详述
为了本发明的目的,弹性单面弹力粘合层压制品包括至少一个弹性层和一个可皱褶面层,将可皱褶面层仅向至少一个弹性层的一面施用。可向弹性层施用不粘连剂,作为面层对侧上的不粘连剂层或作为弹性层和可皱褶面层之间的粘合剂(粘结剂),或者作为在弹性层和可皱褶面层之间和此外在面层对侧上粘合层压制品之上的粘合剂。
希望这种单面弹力粘合层压材料具有终止值为约30-400%的拉伸度。在一个可选实施方案中,这种材料具有约50-300%终止值的拉伸度。在另一个可选实施方案中,这种层压材料具有终止值为约80-250%的拉伸度。
弹性层包括长丝束阵列,在该长丝束上沉积了熔喷层。另外地或者替代地,弹性层中可包含其它组分,如薄膜或长丝阵列,带有或不带有与之结合的另一种层压材料(如弹性熔喷层)。这种弹性层还可以包含弹性稀松织物或网眼结构、泡沫材料或任何上述材料的组合。如果采用了薄膜,可以是有孔薄膜。在某些实施方案中,任何这些附加组分可以代替长丝束阵列和/或熔喷层使用。通常为平行的一系列弹性长丝或丝束(纤维阵列)和沉积在长丝上的熔喷材料的组合描述在前述的Wright的美国专利No.5,385,775中。这种弹性层中长丝与熔喷层的基重比例如为约90∶10。
如上所述,弹性层可包括长丝束阵列,在该长丝束上沉积了熔喷层。该层压制品宜包括结晶度为约3%-约40%,或约5-约30%,或约15%-约25%的弹性聚烯烃基聚合物。该弹性聚烯烃基聚合物还可具有约10-约600克/10分钟,或约60-约300克/10分钟或约150-约200克/10分钟的熔体流动速率;熔融/软化点为约40-约160摄氏度;和/或约0.8-约0.95或约0.85-约0.93或约0.86-约0.89克/立方厘米的密度。该弹性聚烯烃基聚合物可包括聚乙烯、聚丙烯、丁烯或辛烯的均或共聚物、乙烯甲基丙烯酸酯、乙烯醋酸乙烯酯、丙烯酸丁酯共聚物或任何这些聚合物的组合。
适当的弹性聚烯烃基聚合物的一个实例是从ExxonMobilChemical,Baytown,Texas购得的VISTAMAXX。适当的聚烯烃基聚合物的其它实例包括EXACT塑性体、OPTEMA乙烯甲基丙烯酸酯和VISTANEX聚异丁烯和茂金属催化的聚乙烯,均购自ExxonMobilChemical,以及AFFINITY聚烯烃塑性体,如AFFINITY EG8185或AFFINITY GA1950,购自Dow Chemical Company of Midland,Michigan;ELVAX乙烯醋酸乙烯酯,购自E.I.Dupont de Nemours andCompany of Wilmington,Delaware;和ESCORENE Ultra乙烯醋酸乙烯酯,购自ExxonMobil。
所述弹性聚烯烃基聚合物宜具有低结晶速率,具有局部的晶区和无定形相,使其固有弹性和粘性。该弹性聚烯烃基聚合物可加入到熔喷层、长丝束和/或面层中,如以下更详细的描述。
所述弹性层的至少一种组分由结晶度为约3%-约40%,或约5-约30%,或约15%-约25%的弹性聚烯烃基聚合物(如上所述)形成。当采用弹性聚合物来形成例如熔喷层时,弹性聚合物的低结晶速率是有利的,因为熔喷纤维在成形网上沉积时是半粘性的,这使弹性丝束保持原位并胶粘性粘合该复合体。另外,当熔喷层包括弹性聚合物时,该熔喷层与非弹性熔喷层相比,可以以较高添加量施用。更具体而言,弹性熔喷层施用的添加量可高达约34gsm,或为约1-约5克/平米方(gsm),或约1.25-约2.5gsm,在该层充分伸展时测得。在较高的添加水平下,随着层压前丝束拉伸,非弹性熔喷材料容易碎裂并形成不连续的岛,这导致不均匀性。然而,弹性熔喷材料在较高添加水平下无这些缺陷。而且,较高的弹性熔喷材料添加量与弹性熔喷材料的粘性一起有助于更好地使长丝与面层结合固定,这样,长丝不容易松散,松散表现为层间剥离强度大于层内剥离强度。更具体地,层压制品内层的剥离强度大于当层压制品从卷轴开卷时这些层的外表面彼此间的剥离强度。例如,采用与层间剥离强度相同的测试方法但取而代之将弹性层从面层上拉下时,所述层压制品在300mm/分钟的应变速率下具有约200-约450克/3英寸横向宽度的层内剥离强度。较高的弹性熔喷材料引入量还会有助于降低孔隙率。
在熔喷层中采用弹性聚烯烃基聚合物的另一个益处是减少或消除了卷粘连,表现为层压制品的低层间剥离强度。其它的层压制品可包括轧光后处理,如非弹性聚丙烯熔喷洒粉以防止卷粘连,但是在熔喷层中加入弹性聚合物会消除对任何轧光后处理的需要。加入弹性熔喷层而不进行任何轧光后处理会造成在300mm/分钟的应变速率下层压制品的层间剥离强度小于约70克/3英寸横向宽度,或者在300mm/分钟的应变速率下小于约60克/3英寸横向宽度,或者在300mm/分钟的应变速率下小于约50克/3英寸横向宽度。较小的层压制品宽度会产生出不均匀的后果,但大部分情况下层压制品层间剥离强度与层压制品宽度有线性关系。因而,例如,宽度为3英寸的层压制品呈现出在300mm/分钟的应变速率下约60克/3英寸横向宽度的层间剥离强度,而宽度为1英寸的相同层压制品呈现出在300mm/分钟的应变速率下为约20克/英寸横向宽度的层间剥离强度。
所述熔喷层可包括例如约30%-约100%,或约50%-约80%重量的弹性聚烯烃基聚合物。熔喷层可以是单层或多层组分。例如,熔喷层还可以包括苯乙烯型嵌段共聚物基熔喷聚合物层,如以下更详细的描述。
如上所述,长丝束也可以包括弹性聚烯烃基聚合物。更具体而言,长丝束可以由约5%-约90%,或约30%-约70%重量的弹性聚烯烃基聚合物组成。
而且,弹性层内的任意或全部组分(无论是薄膜、长丝或其它所述结构)可包括热塑性材料,例如通式为A-B-A’的嵌段共聚物,其中A和A’分别为热塑性聚合物末端嵌段,其含有苯乙烯型部分,如聚(乙烯基芳烃),其中B为弹性聚合物中间嵌段,如共轭二烯或低级烯烃聚合物。
有用的苯乙烯型嵌段共聚物的具体实例包括氢化聚异戊二烯聚合物,如苯乙烯-乙烯丙烯-苯乙烯(SEPS)、苯乙烯-乙烯丙烯-苯乙烯-乙烯丙烯(SEPSEP)、氢化聚丁二烯聚合物如苯乙烯-乙烯丁烯-苯乙烯(SEBS)、苯乙烯-乙烯丁烯-苯乙烯-乙烯丁烯(SEBSEB)、苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯(SBS)、苯乙烯-异戊二烯-苯乙烯(SIS)和氢化聚异戊二烯/丁二烯聚合物如苯乙烯-乙烯-乙烯丙烯-苯乙烯(SEEPS)。诸如二嵌段、三嵌段、多嵌段、星形和放射状的聚合物嵌段构型也在本发明考虑之内。在一些情况下,需要更高分子量的嵌段共聚物。该嵌段共聚物以Kraton G或D聚合物的名称从Kraton PolymersU.S.LLC of Houston,TX购得,例如G1652、G1657、G1730、D1114、D1155、D1102,以及以Septon2004、Septon4030和Septon4033的名称从Septon Company of America,Pasadena,TX购得。这种聚合物的其它潜在供应商包括Dexco Polymers of TX和Dynasol of Spain。也将这些弹性树脂材料的共混物考虑作为弹性层的主要组分。另外,其它需要的嵌段共聚物公开在美国专利公开2003/0232928A1中,将其全文引入作为参考。
可以将这种基础树脂进一步与增粘剂和/或加工助剂组合成混配料。示范性的混配料包括但不限于KRATON G2760和KRATONG2755。可以向上述弹性聚合物中加入的加工助剂包括聚烯烃以改善组合物的加工性能。所述聚烯烃必须是这样的:当如此共混并经过高压和高温条件的适当组合时可以与弹性基础聚合物一起以共混物形式挤出。有用的共混用聚烯烃材料包括例如聚乙烯、聚丙烯和聚丁烯,包括乙烯共聚物、丙烯共聚物和丁烯共聚物。特别有用的聚乙烯可以从Eastman Chemical以EPOLENE C-10的名称获得。也可以采用二或更多种所述聚烯烃。弹性聚合物和聚烯烃的可挤出共混物公开于例如美国专利No.4,663,220中。
弹性长丝或薄膜层可具有一定的粘性/胶粘性以提高自发粘合作用。例如,当成形为薄膜和/或长丝时弹性聚合物自身可以是粘性的,或者作为可选方案,可以向上述可挤出弹性体组合物中加入相容性增粘树脂以提供实现自发粘合的增粘弹性纤维和/或长丝。关于增粘树脂和增粘的可挤出弹性体组合物,注意美国专利No.4,787,699中描述的树脂和组合物,将其全文引入作为参考。
可以采用能与弹性聚合物相容并能够承受高加工(例如挤出)温度的任意增粘树脂。如果将弹性聚合物(例如A-B-A弹性嵌段共聚物)与加工助剂例如聚烯烃或增容油共混,增粘树脂也应与这些加工助剂相容。通常,氢化的烃树脂是优选的增粘树脂,因为它们的温度稳定性更佳。REGALREZ系列增粘剂是此类氢化烃树脂的实例。REGALREZ烃树脂可从Eastman Chemical获得。当然,本发明不限于使用这些增粘树脂,能与组合物的其它组分相容并能承受高加工温度的其它增粘树脂也可以使用。其它增粘剂可从ExxonMobil以ESCOREZ的名称获得。
其它可用的示范性弹性体材料包括聚氨酯弹性体材料,例如从Noveon以商标ESTANE获得的那些,聚酰胺弹性体材料,例如从AtoFina Company以商标PEBAX(聚醚酰胺)获得的那些,和聚酯弹性体材料,例如从E.I.Dupont De Nemours & Company以商品名HYTREL获得的那些。
有用的弹性聚合物还包括例如乙烯和至少一种乙烯基单体的弹性聚合物和共聚物,该乙烯基单体例如醋酸乙烯酯,不饱和脂肪族一元羧酸和这些一元羧酸的酯。弹性共聚物和由那些弹性共聚物成形弹性熔喷纤维的方法描述在例如美国专利No.4,803,117中,将其全文引入作为参考。
可用于弹性层中以提供有限回复的一定伸展性能的其它材料包括单点催化聚烯烃材料,如茂金属催化的聚烯烃和限定几何构型聚烯烃,从Dow以AFFINITY的名称和从ExxonMobil以EXACT的名称获得。希望这些材料的密度低于0.89克/cc。
最后,预成形的弹性丝束也在本发明的考虑范围之内。这样的预成形丝束,如溶液处理材料,包括Dupont的LYCRA和GLOBE的GLOSPAN。这种材料可用作弹力粘合层压材料的长丝阵列组分(弹性层)的基础,或者,作为可选方案,作为弹力粘合层压制品的薄膜组分的基础。
一般地,当它们在在线工艺中由挤出材料制成时,用来形成纤网、薄膜或长丝的共混物包括例如约40-约90重量%的弹性聚合物基础树脂,约0-约40%的聚烯烃加工助剂和约5-约40%的树脂增粘剂。这些比例可根据所需的具体性能和所用的聚合物而变化。对于一个可选实施方案,这种共混物包括约60-80%的基础树脂,约5-30%的加工助剂和约10-30%的增粘剂。在另一个可选实施方案中,这种共混物包括约10-20%的量的增粘剂。
在熔喷层不包括弹性聚烯烃基聚合物的实施方案中,可以向弹性层中施用不粘连剂,作为面层对侧上的不粘连剂层,或作为弹性层和可皱褶面层之间的粘合剂(粘结剂),或者替代地,作为弹性层和可皱褶面层之间及另外地处于面层对侧上粘合层压制品之上的粘合剂。
可皱褶面层在其表面上与弹性层粘合的各点之间皱褶。实质上,皱褶的那些区域没有粘合在弹性层上。虽然希望可皱褶层是非织造层,但这样的可皱褶层也可以是织造纤网,以下将描述的纤维素纤网、金属箔型层或它们的组合。这些可皱褶材料在向弹性层粘合前也可经过某种方式的预处理。这种预处理包括例如颈缩。这样的预处理可以向整个层压材料提供附加的性能,如二或多方向弹力。这种可皱褶层自身可包括多层,并由此可以是多层层压制品。
可皱褶面层可以是非织造材料,例如,一或多种纺粘纤网(如复合纤维纺粘纤网)、熔喷纤网或粘合粗梳纤网。纺粘纤网的实例是基重为约0.3-0.8osy的聚丙烯纺粘纤网。在另一个可选实施方案中,纺粘纤网在向弹性层粘合前颈缩约25-60%。在本发明再一个可选实施方案中,可皱褶层是多层材料,例如使至少一层纺粘纤网与至少一层熔喷纤网、粘合粗梳纤网、或其它适当材料结合。可皱褶层还可以是由二或多种不同纤维的混合物或纤维和颗粒的混合物制成的复合材料,如共成形材料。这样的混合物可以通过向载有熔喷纤维的气流中加入纤维和/或颗粒来成形,这样,在收集装置上收集熔喷纤维之前,发生了熔喷纤维和其它材料即木浆、切段纤维和颗粒例如水胶体(水凝胶)颗粒(常称作超吸收性材料)的紧密纠结合并,以形成无规分布的熔喷纤维和其它材料的粘合纤网,如美国专利No.4,100,324中所公开的,将其公开内容全文引入作为参考。面层可以从卷材开卷或在线成形。
如上所述,面层还可以包括弹性聚烯烃基聚合物,如上所述。更具体而言,面层可以由约0%-约100%,或者约60%-约100%(按重量计)的聚烯烃基聚合物组成。在某些实施方案中,例如,面层可以是纺粘-熔喷-纺粘层压制品,其中的熔喷层包括,整体或部分地,弹性聚烯烃基聚合物。作为可选方案,面层可以是纺粘、熔喷、水力缠结或其它类型的非织造材料,其包括弹性聚烯烃基聚合物。在某些实施方案中,例如,面层和弹性熔喷层均可包括上述弹性聚烯烃基聚合物。在这样的实施方案中,层压制品本身不包括任何常规面层,而是包括处于长丝束阵列相对两侧上的两层弹性聚烯烃基聚合物。更具体而言,如图2中所示,面层85和熔喷层89均可包括弹性聚烯烃基聚合物。
可皱褶层可由浆类纤维制成,包括木浆纤维,以形成例如薄纱(tissue)层的材料。另外,该可皱褶层可以是一层或多层水力缠结纤维,例如木浆和切段纤维的水力缠结混合物,例如美国专利No.4,781,966所公开的,将其全文引入作为参考。
希望单面弹力粘合层压制品采用三种方法之一制成。特别地,可以使用采用结晶速率慢的弹性聚烯烃基熔喷层的挤出和粘合方法制成该材料,或者在其上采用熔喷不粘连剂处理(以形成不粘连剂层)的挤出和粘合方法,施用开放时间较短且在施用后不发粘的粘合前粘合剂,或施用开放时间较短的粘合前粘合剂并且后粘合施用这种粘合剂,该粘合剂在施用后变得不发粘。在一个实施方案中可将各种方法描述为涉及粘合剂,即使所有方法并不涉及“粘合剂”本身。这些方法可以不同地体现为涉及机械缠结,其中实际上将各层以机械方式粘合在一起,而不会产生发粘的结果。
以上描述了结晶速率慢的半粘性弹性聚烯烃基熔喷层的性质。更具体而言,熔喷纤维沉积在成形网上时是半粘性的,这使弹性丝束保持在原处并将层压制品粘性地粘合。另外,可以以较高添加量施用弹性熔喷层,这有助于面层和长丝之间粘合。
在包括不粘连剂的方案中,不粘连剂处理可包括施用较低基重的熔喷材料,这样,在层压制品内在粘性弹性层顶部未形成易看到(用肉眼)的纤网。这样的不粘连剂处理希望是熔喷材料洒粉,如约0.2-2.0gsm的熔喷材料。在可选实施方案中,这种熔喷施用量为约0.2-1.5gsm熔喷材料。在另一个可选实施方案中,这种熔喷施用量为约0.2-0.8gsm。在又一个可选实施方案中,这种熔喷施用量为约0.2-0.5gsm。在层压时测定熔喷材料的基重。根据需要的性能,熔喷施用量在各个范围内改变。例如,如果需要更高弹性的层压制品,则需要熔喷施用量在范围低端。希望这种熔喷材料是非粘性聚丙烯熔喷材料,例如Basell的VALTEC HH442H(230℃/2.16kg下的MFR为1100;据ASTM D1238)和Basell PF-015。根据所需的基重,这样的熔喷材料可通过一或多个熔喷贮库(bank)来制备。或者,这种熔喷材料可以是无增粘剂的弹性材料。
如果采用粘合剂法来生成这种单面面层弹力粘合层压制品,希望这样的粘合剂具有约0.2秒(sec)-1分钟的较短开放时间。在可选实施方案中,该开放时间为约0.2秒-3秒。在另一个可选实施方案中,该开放时间为约0.5秒-2秒。具有这种性能的示范性粘合剂为聚丙烯基热熔粘合剂(其在施用后随着凝固很快即变得无粘性),由以下组分组成:最高65%或约15-40%的无规立构聚丙烯,在一个实施方案中为约39重量%的Eastman P1023PP(从Eastman Chemical获得的无规立构聚丙烯)或50重量%的Huntsman H2115(从Huntsman Polymers购得的无规立构聚丙烯);约30-60或20-50%的增粘剂,在一个实施方案中为约30%的Exxon Mobil ESCOREZ 5300或39%的Exxon Mobil ESCOREZ5690;约2-10%的苯乙烯型嵌段共聚物,在一个实施方案中为约4%的Septon Polymers的SEPTON2002或约5%的Dexco Polymers的VECTOR4411;约10-20%的全同立构聚丙烯,在一个实施方案中为约14-16%的PP3746G(全同立构聚丙烯),也是Exxon Mobil的;约0-2%的着色剂,在一个实施方案中为约2%的着色剂,如含50%二氧化钛的VECTOR4411;和最后,约0.2-1%的稳定剂,在一个实施方案中,约0.5%购自Ciba Specialty Chemicals的IRGANOX1010。该粘合剂用于以下出现的一些粘合剂实例中。应当预期各种组分均可具有其它替代品,如非IRGANOX的稳定剂。而且,应当预期该粘合剂也可以不含着色剂,这取决于产品的用途。本发明可用的其它粘合剂包括从描述于美国专利No.6,657,009和6,774,069,美国申请系列号No.09/945239,09/945240,10/655717和美国公开No.US20020122953、US20020123726中的粘合剂衍生的那些,将它们分别全文引入作为参考。
在一个实施方案中,希望以低于约16gsm的基重在粘合前步骤中(即(比如即将)使弹性层和单一面层在辊隙中结合在一起之前)应用粘合剂。在一个可选实施方案中,以低于约8gsm的基重施用该粘合剂。在另一个可选实施方案中,希望以低于约4gsm的基重施用该粘合剂。又一个可选实施方案中,希望以1-4gsm施用该粘合剂。在一个实施方案中,希望通过喷涂施用该粘合剂,如经由从ITW得到的系统或其它的此类喷涂施用法。在一个实施方案中这种喷涂施用法是喷涂到其中一个层上,如面层或熔喷层。在一个可选实施方案中,使该喷涂进入辊隙中,在此辊隙中将面层和弹性层结合或将熔喷层和长丝结合。
如果作为粘合前或粘合后步骤施用粘合剂(粘合前如前述),希望以低于4gsm的量在各层粘合前将粘合剂施用到材料上(如以下描述)。在可选实施方案中,希望以低于2gsm的量在各层粘合前施用该粘合剂。在另一个可选实施方案中,在粘合前步骤中以约1-4gsm和在粘合后步骤以约0-4gsm的范围施用该粘合剂。在又一个可选实施方案中,在粘合前和粘合后方法中以约6-8gsm的总量施用该粘合剂。术语粘合后指轧光后处理,更具体而言,指的是在粘合的弹性层和面层从辊隙中离开后并在收卷以贮存之前施用粘合剂或不粘连剂的阶段。例如,粘合后粘合剂或不粘连剂的施用可针对弹性层/面层型层压制品的面层相反一侧。
在一个实施方案中,制备单面面层弹力粘合弹性层压材料的方法采用了比如前述的面层和以粘合剂方式或经施用弹性熔喷层向面层粘合的弹性长丝阵列。然而,根据该方法,也可以向与面层相对的长丝阵列的那一侧施用不粘连剂。得到的层压制品可具有ABC结构,其中“A”代表单面面层,“B”代表弹性熔喷层,“C”代表弹性长丝。或者,“B”代表弹性长丝,“C”代表弹性熔喷层。作为另一个可选方案,“B”代表层压制品的弹性组分/层,“C”代表“不粘连剂”(或所述粘合剂)。在本申请的目的中,术语“不粘连”剂指的是范围如上的薄涂层,该剂对粘性层提供薄的表面遮盖,但其不影响层压制品的回缩能力。例如,在一个实施方案中,不粘连剂为低于弹性层基重(未考虑该不粘连剂)的约14%。在另一个可选实施方案中,希望不粘连剂低于弹性层基重的7%。在又一个可选实施方案中,不粘连剂低于弹性层基重的4%。希望不粘连剂的施用是如此的轻微以至在使弹性层回缩后,不会观察到不粘连剂自身出现皱褶。不粘连剂基本上牢固地粘着在弹性层表面上,这样当使弹性层回缩时,其与弹性层的分离察觉不到(特别是与弹性层对侧上的面层分离相比时)。
以这样的方式得到的材料显示出增加的弹力水平,和如果不立即使用,材料可以绕自身收卷以贮存。该材料还显示出提高的该单面层的皱褶程度,因为该弹力粘合层压制品比两个相对的面层粘合时可回缩至更大的程度。
如从图1A和1B中看到的,每一幅图均显示了本发明单面弹力粘合层压材料的制造方法的示意图,这些图说明了水平长丝层压制品制造方法10。从一或多个源(未显示)向第一挤出设备20进料聚合物共混组合物,其被以长丝形式31挤出到成形表面30上。希望挤出的聚合物是苯乙烯型嵌段共聚物弹性体和/或弹性聚烯烃基聚合物。在各种实施方案中,挤出设备20或第二挤出设备35可以经设计以生产其它材料,例如热塑性纤维36,以实现多层相同或不同材料的在线布局。纤维挤出技术,如纤维的改良熔喷法在前述Wright的美国专利5,385,775中有进一步的阐述。设备20直接将长丝31挤出到传送带系统上,其可以是绕辊40顺时针移动的成形表面系统30(例如多孔带)。真空(未显示)也可有助于使长丝31保持在多孔网系统上。同样是弹性体材料的熔喷层,比如前述的材料,特别是弹性聚烯烃基聚合物,由相邻的贮库35或45中挤出,这样将熔喷纤维36或46放置在长丝31(阵列)的上面。在一个实施方案中,熔喷材料经施用使其占长丝和熔喷结构基重的例如10%。在一个特定实施方案中,苯乙烯型嵌段共聚物或弹性聚烯烃基聚合物组成在长丝和熔喷材料中是相同的。在可选实施方案中,该组成是不同的(其可包含相同的基础树脂,但加工助剂或增粘剂的百分数不同)。
在某些实施方案中,特别是其中的熔喷层不包含弹性聚烯烃基聚合物的那些,可以相邻并在第一熔喷槽的下游安放一或多个附加的熔喷贮库45和50(图1A),向挤出的弹性熔喷层上挤出不粘连剂46。该不粘连剂可以是前述的聚烯烃或弹性聚烯烃聚合物。另外,可以采用不发粘的无定形聚α-烯烃(APAO)。另外,也可以采用无增粘剂的弹性体材料。在另一个可选实施方案中,比如前述的聚丙烯粘合剂也可以熔喷在前面弹性熔喷材料的上面。在熔融该材料时,可采用熔栅(典型的热熔设备)以熔融/提供不粘连剂的无机或有机盘(drum)、颗粒或块料。
长丝/熔喷和(任选的)不粘连剂层压制品可通过任选的辊55(任选的)来压实,通过该任选的压实辊或张力辊(轧辊)60的速度差来拉伸,以拉长和伸展长丝56。因此,以超过熔喷材料覆盖的长丝阵列离开成形表面的速度的速度运行张力辊。希望张力辊55或60具有与长丝或纤维亲合力很小甚至没有的表面。在一个实施方案中,从成形表面至张力辊,长丝被拉伸约3-6倍。
同时,在线生产或从辊65上开卷单面层67并与长丝阵列层压制品一起引入至该套轧辊60中,使得面层67面对层压制品的长丝阵列一侧,与层压制品的不粘连剂或熔喷层一侧相对。或者,单面层67a可以与长丝阵列层压制品一起引入到该套轧辊60中,使得面层67a面对层压制品的熔喷层一侧,与层压制品的长丝阵列一侧相对,如图1B中的虚线所示。
在弹性层仍被拉伸时将面层向弹性层粘合(特别是熔喷层,经辊隙中的压力)。然后,长丝阵列和面层以具有单面面层的长丝弹性弹力粘合层压制品的形式离开轧辊60。然后使弹性层压制品70松弛,在面层上的粘合点之间形成皱褶,并收集在收集辊75上以备进一步使用。收集辊然后卷绕层压制品,一般以低于轧辊的速度,如约0.50-0.75倍的轧辊速度。希望使轧辊60经设计通过应用平的轧光辊提供出100%的粘合面积,或可以提供花纹粘合区域。可以将辊60加热至低于各种层压制品组分熔融/软化点的温度,或可是环境温度或冷却的。作为该方法的可选实施方案,希望与层压制品非面层一侧接触的所有辊包含非粘性表面,如PTFE(TEFLON)涂层或硅橡胶、防粘性涂层。可以用Southwest Impreglon of Houston Texas的IMPREGLON涂层或硬度为60肖氏A的Stowe-Woodward Silfex硅橡胶涂层进一步涂覆这些辊。在该长丝阵列层压制品方法的可选实施方案中,代替挤出长丝,可将预成形的弹性丝束如LYCRA丝束从滚筒上退绕并在张力下进料到层压辊隙中。在另一个实施方案中,可以在向弹性层粘合前颈缩面层。该颈缩为约25-60%。
这种层压制品结构见于图2中,该图显示了按本发明制备的层压制品80的横截面绘制视图。如从图中看到的,面层85可位于长丝阵列87之下/与之紧邻。弹性熔喷层89位于面层85对侧上长丝阵列87的顶部。或者,如图3所示,不粘连剂层90紧邻弹性熔喷层89位于其顶部。作为另一个可选方案,图4中的横截面图所示,根据本发明制成的层压制品80包括在弹性熔喷层89下面/与之紧邻的面层85,在面层85对侧上的熔喷层89顶部有长丝阵列87。各层的厚度未按比例,并被放大以显示其存在。应当强调的是,特别是涉及不粘连剂层时,该层仅是下面熔喷层纤维的紧密表面覆盖层。不粘连剂层未像面层相对于长丝束那样,在与弹性熔喷层的粘合点之间形成视觉(用人的肉眼)可察觉的皱褶。还应当认识到,虽然这些图中各种横截面的每一个显示了相对平坦的面层材料,这样的非织造面层材料实际上在它们与各自的弹性层(丝束、薄膜或纤网)粘合的位置之间皱褶,但出于绘制目的,以相对平的构造显示了这种纤网。根据需要,接下来可以将这种单面长丝层压制品向另外的片材粘合,如前面所描述。
在一个实施方案中,这种层压制品中的长丝希望以约7-18或约8-15/横向英寸的量存在。从第一弹性熔喷贮库出来的熔喷材料在层压时的基重最高为约34gsm,或为约1-5或约1-3gsm。与这种长丝粘合的这类面层材料的基重希望为约0.3-0.8osy。在一个实施方案中,通过轧辊的作用(以比例表示,如约0.16-0.18(成形表面速度/轧辊速度))将长丝和弹性熔喷材料拉伸约50-800%。在第二可选实施方案中,通过轧辊的作用将长丝拉伸约100-600%。
作为本发明的这一实施方案的实施例,按照美国专利No.5,385,775的方法制备了ABC结构的层压制品,聚丙烯纺粘面层(“A”)的基重为约0.3-0.6osy,但希望在约0.35-0.4osy的范围内。在一个特定实施方案中,包含长丝阵列和第一熔喷层的弹性组分B希望是苯乙烯型嵌段共聚物共混物,如购自Kraton、Septon、Dexco或Dynasol的弹性苯乙烯型嵌段共聚物。希望这种聚合物共混物还包括KRATON G聚合物混配共混物,如长丝为KRATON G2760或KRATON G2755,和第一熔喷层中为相同聚合物共混物或第一熔喷层中为第二种G聚合物共混物。长丝与熔喷层的重量比为90∶10的比例或其它的适当比例。希望不粘连剂/层C包含轻度施用的聚丙烯(如Basell PF-015)熔喷层,或作为可选方案,包含未增粘的熔喷弹性体共混物,例如70%的SEPTON2004和30%的EPOLENE C-10蜡的共混物,以低于1gsm的量施用(在轧光辊或轧辊处的基重)。在另一个特定的实施方案中,希望包含长丝阵列和弹性熔喷层的弹性组分B和C最好包括弹性聚烯烃基聚合物,如购自ExxonMobil的VISTAMAXX。这样的聚合物共混物还可在长丝中包括KRATON G聚合物混配共混物,在弹性熔喷层中为相同的聚合物共混物或在熔喷层中为第二种G聚合物共混物。同样地,长丝与熔喷层的重量比为90∶10的比例或其它的适当比例。
在某些实施方案中,将可伸展或半弹性的面层85向基重为约50克/平方米(gsm)或更低,或约35-约45gsm或约38-约42gsm的弹性或半弹性薄膜92粘合,如图5所示。面层85的伸展张力小于薄膜92。结果,层压制品80比具有两个常规面层的对比层压制品显示出更强的回缩。这种相当量的弹性回复可归因于增强效果、材料质量和可伸展或半弹性面层85的分布。更具体而言,因为未超过造成面层85永久变形所需的力,增加回复力是可能的。而且,当拉伸时,这些层压制品表现为单组分材料,而不是多组分的构造层压制品。
可伸展或半弹性面层85可包括以上详细描述的弹性聚烯烃基聚合物,并可以是熔喷、纺粘、水力缠结或任何其它类型的非织造材料,以上对它们也进行了详细描述。而且,层压制品80可包括第二可伸展面层94,与第一面层85相同或不同,粘合至与第一面层85相对的薄膜92的表面,如图6所示。根据需要,层压制品80还包括多个弹性体束。将弹性聚烯烃基聚合物引入一或多个面层中有助于降低拉伸力并容许使用较低基重的弹性或半弹性薄膜。另外,或者作为可选方案,薄膜92可包括弹性聚烯烃基聚合物。其它适当的薄膜材料的实例包括本文中描述的任何弹性聚合物,特别是前述实施方案中就弹性层描述的那些,只要该薄膜具有约50gsm或更低,或者约35-约45gsm或约38-约42gsm的基重。
在实施例材料的制造中应用了以下条件。挤出长丝的第一挤出贮库挤出KRATON G2760,或者,作为可选方案,在指出的情况下,为KRATON G2755。在长丝贮库下游的弹性熔喷贮库挤出KRATONG2755。在指出的情况下,不粘连剂熔喷贮库挤出BASELL PF-015。通常这些贮库以9-16gsm的基重挤出长丝和熔喷聚合物,弹性长丝/弹性熔喷层的基重比为90∶10。网与轧光辊的速度比为0.18-0.19。聚丙烯纺粘非织造面层的基重为0.4-0.5osy。
长丝挤出模具系统的挤出温度为约400-460°F。在该长丝系统上无主空气,聚合物从长丝口模挤出到成形网上。置于长丝上部的弹性熔喷层的挤出温度为350-500°F,较高温度主要在模头中。弹性熔喷贮库中的主空气为约1.4-1.6psi。不粘连剂熔喷模头系统的挤出温度为约350-570°F,模头本身的温度为约500°F。该模头中的主空气为约5psi。材料在辊隙中轧光,轧光辊产生的表面温度为环境温度-110°F,辊上的压力为约250磅/延英寸。
制备的材料具有的组成和制造结果如下表1所反映。
表1
样品编号 | 弹性长丝种类 | 弹性熔喷材料 | 不粘连剂 | 面层 |
1经加工的 | KRATON G2760 | KRATONG2755 | 70%SEPTON2004,30%EPOLENE C-10蜡 | PP0.4-0.5osy |
2经轧光熔喷和长丝构造 | KRATONG2760 | KRATONG2755 | 无不粘连剂 | PP0.4-0.5osy |
3经加工的 | KRATONG2760 | KRATONG2755 | BASELL PF-015聚丙烯 | PP0.4-0.5osy |
4经加工的 | KRATONG2755 | KRATONG2755 | BASELL PF-015聚丙烯 | PP0.4-0.5osy |
如从实施例看到的,缺乏不粘连剂层导致制造困难,而存在不粘连剂层简化了制造工艺。对以上具有聚丙烯不粘连剂的样品4测试了剥离强度(如测试方法部分中所描述)。以下的测试数据表明了来自一个卷材的各个内部部分的至少一些样品的不粘连性能。
表2
剥离试验数据 | ||
外层部分 | 样品编号 | 以克表示的剥离力 |
平均剥离力43g | 1 | 49.6 |
2 | 36 | |
3 | 42 | |
4 | 53 | |
5 | 33.4 | |
6 | 62.2 | |
7 | 36.7 | |
8 | 34 | |
中间部分 | 1 | 77.4 |
平均剥离力101g | 2 | 114.3 |
3 | 149.9 | |
4 | 73.4 | |
5 | 100.1 | |
6 | 77.5 | |
7 | 84 | |
8 | 128.2 | |
芯部 | 1 | 402.3 |
平均剥离力359g | 2 | 425.1 |
3 | 485.5 | |
4 | 430.8 | |
5 | 544.9 | |
6 | 199.1 | |
7 | 240.1 | |
8 | 144.9 |
在其它实施例的材料制造中,应用了以下条件。挤出长丝的第一挤出贮库以26lbs/小时的速度挤出KRATON G2760。每个样品中长丝的拉伸终止量(rSTS)示于表3中。在长丝贮库下游的弹性熔喷贮库以低(2.5gsm)或高(4.9gsm)的添加量,挤出BASELL PF-015聚丙烯/不粘连剂或购自ExxonMobil的VISTAMAXX2210(VM)弹性聚烯烃基聚合物。网和轧光辊的速度比为0.17-0.19,含端值。当使用粘合剂时,辊隙处的粘合剂添加量为1.5gsm。熔喷磅数/英寸/小时(PIH)是沿长丝口模宽度CD方向上聚合物的施用速度,并按每个可适用样品示于表3中。
长丝挤出模头系统的挤出温度为约440-500°F。在该长丝系统上无主空气,从长丝口模中将聚合物挤出到成形网上。置于长丝上部的弹性熔喷层的挤出温度为451°F。弹性熔喷贮库中的主空气为约0.8-1psi,处于约475°F。不粘连剂熔喷模头系统的挤出温度为约350-500°F,模头自身的温度为约450°F。模头中的主空气为约0.8-1psi。聚丙烯纺粘非织造面层的基重为0.4osy。将面层在拉伸区附近开卷并与熔喷层和丝束的复合材料层压。利用轧光辊在辊隙中将材料轧光,产生的表面温度为环境温度至70-85°F,辊上的压力为约250磅/延英寸。使整个层压制品回缩并卷在3英寸的轴芯上。
将材料从每个卷轴上层离下来并切割成4英寸*6英寸的样品,然后置于液压下过夜模拟卷材中的力。在室温下,在180度角,采用以下详细描述的卷粘连测试方法测定层间剥离强度并定量粘连趋势。每种层压制品的一个样品重复测试10次,根据层间剥离强度与卷材宽度之间的大致线性关系,将平均值从克/4英寸宽度转化为克/3英寸宽度。
表3
样品 | RSTS | MB添加量(gsm) | MB类型 | 卷绕机(fpm) | MBPIH | Adh.(RPM) | 层间剥离强度(克/3英寸宽度) |
1 | 60 | 2.5 | PF-015 | 94 | NA | NA | 126 |
2 | 60 | 2.5 | PF-015 | 94 | NA | 8.3 | 170 |
3 | 120 | 4.9 | PF-015 | 74 | NA | 6.6 | 116 |
4 | 120 | 4.9 | PF-015 | 74 | NA | NA | 155 |
5 | 60 | 4.9 | VM | 94 | 0.75 | 6.6 | 35 |
6 | 120 | 4.9 | VM | 74 | 0.75 | 6.6 | 47 |
7 | 60 | 4.9 | VM | 94 | 0.75 | NA | 14 |
8 | 120 | 4.9 | VM | 74 | 0.75 | NA | 13 |
9 | 60 | 2.5 | VM | 94. | 0.38 | NA | 29 |
10 | 120 | 2.5 | VM | 74 | 0.38 | 6.6 | 47 |
11 | 120 | 4.9 | VM | 74 | 0.75 | 6.6 | 47 |
12 | 60 | 2.5 | VM | 94 | 0.38 | 8.3 | 47 |
表3中提供的测试数据表明采用VISTAMAXX的弹性熔喷面层未发生卷粘连。更具体而言,VISTAMAXX样品具有明显较低的层间剥离强度,约13-47克/3英寸宽度,相对比116-170克/3英寸宽度(无VISTAMAXX时)。这验证了用VISTAMAXX制成的样品的卷粘连概率低。
在单面面层弹力粘合层压制品制备方法的第二可选实施方案中,采用垂直定向的挤出平台挤出弹性长丝阵列。然而,未采用可能会包含多种材料的“熔喷”不粘连剂,采用了非粘性粘合剂粘合法将弹性长丝阵列向面层材料粘合。
图7A和7B分别简要说明了为制造从弹性组合物制造的弹性层压制品170的垂直长丝层压制品制造方法100。参考图7A和7B,将至少一种熔融弹性体材料105,即苯乙烯型嵌段共聚物材料从模头挤出机110经由纺丝孔挤出成多个实质上连续的弹性长丝。挤出机可以在约360-500°F的温度下挤出。在可选实施方案中,也可以使用制备片材或带条的薄膜口型。通过使长丝105经第一冷却辊120传送使长丝105快速冷却并固化。可以使用任意数量的冷却辊。冷却辊宜具有约40°F-约80°F的温度。
使挤出机110的模头相对于第一辊定位,使长丝以预定的角度130接触该第一辊120。这种长丝挤出的几何设计特别有利于将熔融的挤出物沉积在旋转的辊或转鼓上。带角度或倾斜的定向为长丝从模头中相对于辊的切点以正确的角度出来提供了机会,造成了改善的纺丝效果,更高效率的能量传递和一般更长的口模寿命。该构造使长丝从模头中以一定角度出来,沿着相对直的路径接触辊表面的切点。挤出机110的模头出口和垂直轴线(或第一辊的水平轴线,取决于测定哪个角度)之间的角130可小到几度或多达90度。例如,通过将挤出机110直接定位在第一辊120的下游边缘之上并且在挤出机上具有侧出口模头顶端,能够相对辊获得90度的挤出物离模角度。而且,可以采用非垂直的角度如约20度,约35度或约45度。发现当采用12单丝/英寸的纺丝板孔密度时,约45度的角(示于图7A和7B中)使系统有效地运行。然而,最佳角度与挤出物出口速度、辊速、模头至辊的垂直距离和模头中心线至辊死顶点的水平距离有关而变化。通过采用各种几何形状以获得改进的纺丝效率和降低的断丝率可实现最佳性能。
长丝105在骤冷和固化之后,采用第一系列的拉伸辊140来拉伸或拉长它们。第一系列拉伸辊可包含一或多个单独的拉伸辊145、150,它们以大于冷却辊120的转速旋转,由此拉伸长丝105。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,每个后继辊以大于前辊的速度转动。例如,参考图7A和7B,如果冷却辊120以速度“x”转动;拉伸辊145以更高的速度转动,例如约1.15x;第二拉伸辊150以还更高的速度转动,例如约1.25x-约7x。结果,可以将长丝105拉伸初始拉伸前长度的约100%-约800%。
在长丝105拉伸后,将长丝105或长丝105和熔喷层152一起通过所示的粘合剂分配单元160示范的粘合剂法(在长丝仍处于拉伸状态下,与前面对水平平台的描述相似)向面层材料155层压,显示为向面层材料155施用粘合剂。如图7B所示,可以将熔喷层152从挤出贮库153在面层材料155和长丝105之间施用到长丝上。
从辊154上将面层材料155开卷并向长丝105的第一侧层压。在面层材料155向丝层压前,可通过另外的辊(未显示)进行颈缩。如之前所述,根据本发明,面层材料可以是非织造材料,或其层压制品。然后使层压材料经轧辊165输送,以将弹性长丝105和(任选的)熔喷层152向面层155通过粘合作用粘合。或者可以使用轧辊165来代替或补充拉伸辊145、150来实现拉伸。然后使层压材料松弛,由此使回缩性弹性长丝在层压材料中形成皱褶,如之前描述的水平制造平台那样。应当注意的是在可选实施方案中,在粘合的弹性层和面层从轧辊165中出来后,可以施用另外的开放时间较短的粘合剂(或不粘连剂)161,这样,在面层对侧上的弹性层上沉积了无粘性材料的附加层,希望在该层压制品处于拉伸条件时(如以下相关实施例中所述)进行。
轧辊可以经设计以提供图案化辊,其可以产生某些益处,如改善的层压制品膨松性或拉伸性,并且可以在面层和丝束间的接触粘合强度没有受到不当影响时使用。可以将轧光辊加热至比各种层压制品组分熔融/软化点低的温度,或可以是环境温度或冷却的。
如从图8中看到的,显示了这样的层压制品180的横截面图,其中,将单面面层材料182向长丝阵列186粘合性粘合184。
在描述该实施方案的以下一系列实施例中,采用聚丙烯粘合剂直接将拉伸的弹性长丝或薄膜粘合到颈缩或未颈缩的纺粘面层上。希望该聚丙烯粘合剂具有约1秒的开放时间。在本申请的目的中,术语“开放”时间用来指粘合剂保持粘性的时间。这种粘合剂作为长丝和/或薄膜的粘合剂在熔融状态提供了向非织造材料(如纺粘材料)粘合所必要的粘合力,但在层压后可能无粘性。可以立即卷绕该层压制品,而无卷粘连问题。
这种弹力粘合层压制品的弹性丝束、薄膜或带材可以是预制的丝束、薄膜或带材,如从供应辊或滚筒引入至层压制品的LYCRA或GLOSPAN丝束,或者,作为可选方案,通过挤出引入生产线的那些,如来自上述的垂直挤出平台。以下描述了根据以上方法制成的材料的具体实例。首先,采用上述聚丙烯基粘合剂共混物,将LYCRA丝束粘合至0.6osy纺粘材料的单面层,由此制造材料。将940旦尼尔的LYCRA丝束拉长250%,然后采用粘合剂喷施系统以约5.0-7.0gsm的粘合剂添加量用粘合剂涂覆。在张力下与聚丙烯纺粘材料一起经辊隙传送经粘合剂涂覆的丝束,并立即重卷。当以约1000-1500fpm或更低的速度开卷时,得到的单面层压制品无粘性且无粘连。得到的单面层弹力粘合层压制品还具有高度的拉伸终止(stretch to stop)弹性性能。
按照前述的挤出法制成的其它材料实例描述于下表4中。对于表4中产生的材料,采用了以下条件。丝/束模头A由10英寸模头上有一排12孔/英寸(0.030英寸宽)的挤出孔组成。模头B由两排挤出孔组成。排1由10英寸模头上的12孔/英寸(0.030英寸宽)组成,排2由10个孔(1/4英寸间隙(在一英寸宽度上)/每侧(0.050英寸宽)和具有4个孔的flap(2个孔3/4英寸间隔/2个边缘孔1/4英寸间隙;0.050英寸宽)组成。所用粘合剂是上述相同的聚丙烯粘合剂,在进入层压轧辊前,其被沿整个面层纤网以3-4gsm熔喷。
表4
样品# | 弹性基重gsm | 丝束聚合物 | 模头 | 层压制品拉伸性%STS | 面层基重osy | 粘合剂gsm |
1 | 8 | KRATONG6610 | A | 470 | 0.4NSB | 3 |
2 | 5.23 | KRATONG6610 | A | 470 | 0.4NSB | 3 |
3 | 4 | KRATONG6610 | A | 470 | 0.4NSB | 3 |
4 | 6 | KRATONG6610 | B | 470 | 0.4NSB | 4 |
5 | 8 | KRATONG6610 | B | 470 | 0.4NSB | 4 |
6 | 4 | KRATONG6610 | B | 470 | 0.4NSB | 4 |
7 | 6 | KRATONG6610 | B | 300 | 0.4NSB | 4 |
对于这些实施例的目的,术语KARTON G6610指的是具有增粘剂的KRATON G聚合物,采用前述测试方法测定拉伸终止量,缩写NSB指的是颈缩聚丙烯纺粘层,其在与弹性层粘合前颈缩了约60%。
以上的挤出实施例显示,在成卷贮存时无层压制品卷的粘连发生,在轧辊上也未发生粘合剂堆积。瓦椤状的层压制品无粘性且手感柔软,丝束侧和面层侧之间的粘性差异几乎不能通过目测检查和手感发现差别。该材料还显示出在纵向大于50-400%和在横向大于50-120%的弹力。另外,在100°F下老化90分钟后该材料还显示出按下述“蠕变测试方法”测定的低于约10%的丝束蠕变。这样的结果说明长丝与面层的强粘合力。
在本发明单面面层弹力粘合材料及其制备方法的另一个可选实施方案中,在弹性材料进入层压辊间隙设置之前,以及层压制品刚刚离开该辊隙后,但要在其收卷在卷轴上以备贮存之前,将粘合剂熔喷或喷施到该弹性材料上。这种粘合剂的双重施用形成了具有降低的粘性(如果丝束、纤网或薄膜弹性层包括任何增粘剂)、降低的丝束蠕变的材料,如果在弹性层中使用了长丝或丝束,还会提高粘合力。
在这种替换方法的实施例中,该方法制成的材料示于表5中,如前所述,每一种均应用了热熔聚丙烯基粘合剂。
表5
样品# | 弹性基重gsm | 丝束聚合物 | 长丝伸长 | 面层材料osy | 轧辊前粘合剂gsm | 轧辊后粘合剂gsm |
1 | 10.2 | KRATONG6610 | 4X | 60%颈缩SB | 4 | 0 |
2 | 10.2 | KRATONG6610 | 4X | 60%颈缩SB | 2 | 2 |
3 | 10.2 | KRATONG6610 | 4X | 60%颈缩SB | 3 | 3 |
4 | 10.2 | KRATONG6610 | 4X | 60%颈缩SB | 4 | 4 |
5 | 7.25 | G6610/SIS(60/40共混物) | 5.6X | 0.4osySB | 4 | 0 |
6 | 7.25 | G6610/SIS(60/40共混物) | 5.6X | 0.4osySB | 2 | 2 |
7 | 7.25 | G6610/SIS(60/40共混物) | 5.6X | 0.4osySB | 3 | 3 |
8 | 7.25 | G6610/SIS(60/40共混物) | 5.6X | 0.4osySB | 4 | 4 |
应当注意上表中描述的60/40共混物由约60%的KRATON G6610、约20%的VECTOR4411(Dexco Polymers)、约16%的VECTOR4111和约4%的ESCOREZ 5320(购自ExxonMobil)组成。在该共混物和表中的其它配方中,在SIS中采用了痕量的二氧化钛着色剂为聚合物着色。对于表4和表5,应当注意弹性组分的基重是挤出后离开冷却辊后但在拉伸之前的。
蠕变测试性能表6
编号 | 蠕变% |
5 | 约45 |
6 | 约40 |
7 | 约14 |
8 | 约8 |
如从表6中看到的,虽然样品5显示出仅少量丝束粘合良好,其余的样品显示出丝束通体较为均匀的粘合。另外,对上述材料4进行了卷粘连测试。将材料置于130°F烘箱中48小时并使之在室温下调理2周。然后以250英尺/分钟的速度使样品开卷,无粘连问题。
在本发明的再一个可选实施方案中,可以采用上述不粘连剂或无粘性粘合剂施用法,利用薄膜基弹性组分来制备单面面层弹力粘合层压制品。例如,可以经由已知的熔体泵和薄膜模头技术将弹性体树脂组合物加工成薄膜。该薄膜可以是流延或吹塑的。挤出的薄膜可以是单层薄膜或为多层薄膜的一部分,其可以包括一或多个紧邻芯层的表皮层(如在ABA结构中)。如果要制备多层薄膜,这样的附加层可以通过层压工艺或者通过与芯层共挤出来制备。拉伸该薄膜,然后再令其经由采用非粘性粘合剂的粘合层压法向另外的片状材料结合,所述片状材料如非织造材料(即纺粘、熔喷、共成形、气流成网、粘合粗梳纤网层)、稀松织物、泡沫、附加薄膜或每种材料的各种组合,以形成薄膜/片状材料层压制品。根据薄膜的配方,可以将该薄膜的单面或每一侧上喷涂不粘连剂或粘合剂。然后可使得到的薄膜/片状材料层压制品回缩。可以将该薄膜打孔或纵切,使用不粘连剂或非粘性粘合剂可防止该薄膜的卷粘连,如果其需要贮存以备后用。
如图9所示,该图显示了本发明可选方案弹力粘合层压制品190的横截面图,该层压制品包括已经通过非粘性粘合剂198与非织造片状材料200层压的打孔(孔196)薄膜195。可以以卷材形式贮存该薄膜材料,不会存在层压制品在贮存期间粘合剂造成卷粘连的风险。
应当认识到,前面各图中各种横截面分别显示了较为平坦的面层材料,这种非织造面层材料实际上在它们与各自弹性层(丝束、薄膜或纤网)粘合的位置之间发生皱褶,但出于绘图目的,以较平坦的构造显示了这种纤网。
这种单面面层弹力粘合层压材料在用于个人护理产品时具有为这些产品提供弹性特征时特别有效。这样的单面面层材料比在弹性层两个相对侧面上施用面层的层压制品在MD或CD方向上提供出更高的伸展性能,还可以提供高度瓦椤状的外观和更柔软的手感。
这样的材料可用于提供弹性腰、腿cuff/衬垫、可拉伸耳、侧面片或可拉伸外覆片用途。希望不作为限制,提供图10显示了个人护理产品的各种组件,如尿布,其可以利用这种弹性材料。可加入该材料的个人护理产品的其它实例是训练裤(如内侧面材料)和女性护理产品。仅作为示例,在2000年6月29日公开的A.Fletcher等人的PCT专利申请WO 00/37009;1990年7月10日授予Van Gompel等人的美国专利4,940,464;1998年6月16日授予Brandon等人的美国专利5,766,389;和2003年11月11日授予Olson等人的美国专利6,645,190中公开了适宜采用本发明的训练裤和构成该训练裤的各种材料和方法,将这些专利分别以全文引入作为参考。
参考图10,一次性尿布250通常包括前腰部分255,后腰部260和连接前后腰部分的中间部分265。前和后腰部分255和260包括尿布的这种大体部分,其构成以便在使用中各自基本上沿穿着者的前后腹区域延伸。尿布的中间部分265包括尿布的这种大体部分,其构成以便在穿着者两腿间的裆部延伸。因而,中间部分265是尿布中反复的液体涌流通常出现的区域。
尿布250包括,但不限于,外罩片或背片270、位于与背片270相对位置的可渗透液体的体侧衬里或顶片275和吸收性芯体或液体保留结构280,如吸收垫,其位于背片270和顶片275之间。背片270确定了长度或纵向286和宽度或横向285,在所示的实施方案中,其与尿布250的长度和宽度量合。液体保留结构280通常具有比背片270的长度和宽度小的长度和宽度。因而,尿布250的边缘部分如背片270的边缘部分可延伸超过液体保留结构280的末端边缘。在所示实施方案中,例如,背片270向外延伸越过液体保留结构280的末端边缘形成尿布250的侧面边缘和末端边缘。顶片275通常与背片270共同延伸,但根据需要,可能会任选地覆盖大于或小于背片270面积的面积。
为提供改进的合身性和有助于减少从尿布250中泄露出人体流出物,可以用适当的弹性元件为尿布的侧面边缘和末端边缘增加弹性,如以下进一步说明的。例如,如图10中代表性地显示的尿布250包括腿部弹性件290,其经构造以便有效拉紧尿布250的侧面边缘以提供有弹性的腿带,其可以包绕紧贴穿着者腿部以减少泄露并提供改进的舒适性和外观。采用腰部弹性件295为尿布250的末端边缘增弹以提供弹性腰带。将腰部弹性件295经构型设计以弹性和舒适地紧密贴合在穿着者的腰围。
本发明方法和结构的单面弹力粘合层压制品适合用作腿部弹性件290和腰部弹性件295。这种材料的实例是包含背片或与之结合的层压片材,为背片270赋予弹性收缩力。
如从所周知的,可以应用紧固装置如钩圈紧固件将尿布250固定在穿着者上。或者,可以应用其它紧固方式如钮扣、别针、按扣、胶带紧固件、粘合剂、织物和环紧固件等。在所示的实施方案中,尿布250包括一对侧面300(或耳),与之连接了紧固件302,显示为钩圈紧固件的钩部分。通常,侧面300在腰围部分255、260之一处与尿布侧缘连接并由此向外横向延伸。可以为侧面300增弹,或者,通过采用由本发明结构制成的单面弹力粘合层压制品使之具有弹性。在Roessler的PCT专利申请No.WO95/16425、Roessler等人的美国专利No.5,399,219、Fries的美国专利No.5,540,796和Fries的美国专利No5,595,618中描述了包括增弹的侧面和特定构造的紧固件拉耳的吸收性制品的实例,将它们分别引入本文作为参考。
尿布250还可以包括涌流控制层305,位于顶片275和液体保留结构280之间以迅速容纳流体流出物并将该流体流出物分配到尿布250中的液体保留结构280中。尿布250还可以包括透气层(未显示),也称作隔离物或隔离层,位于液体保留结构280和背片270之间将背片270与液体保留结构280隔绝开,降低可呼吸性外罩片或背片270外表面处衣服的潮湿度。适当的涌流控制层305的实例描述在Bishop的美国专利No.5,486,166和Ellis的美国专利No.5,490,846中。
如图10中代表性地显示的,一次性尿布250还可包括一对扩围310,经构造为身体流出物的侧流提供阻挡。护围310与液体保留结构280侧边相邻,沿着横向相对的尿布两个侧边。每个护围310一般确定了一个未连接边缘,其构造以便在至少尿布250的中间部分265中保持直立、垂直的结构以形成对穿着者身体的密封。护围310可沿着液体保留结构280的整个长度纵向延伸或仅沿着液体保留结构的长度部分延伸。当护围310的长度比液体保留结构280短时,可以使护围310选择位于沿尿布250的侧边,在中间部分265中的任意位置。这种护围310通常是本领域技术人员所熟知的。例如,护围310的适当构造和排列方式描述在K.Enloe的美国专利No.4,704,116中。
尿布250可具有各种适合的形状。例如,该尿布可具有总体长方形、T-形或大致沙漏形。在显示的实施方案中,尿布250具有通常的I-形。可以引入本发明的吸收性制品中的其它适当组件包括本领域技术人员周知的腰翼等。适合与本发明结合使用的尿布结构实例,包括合用于尿布的其它组件,描述在Meyer等人的美国专利No.4,798,603、Bernardin的美国专利No.5,176,668、Bruemmer等人的美国专利No.5,176,672、Proxmire等人的美国专利No.5,192,606和Hanson等人的美国专利No.5,509,915中,将它们分别以全文引入作为参考。
采用各种类型的适当的连接方式将尿布250的各种组件组装在一起,如粘合剂粘合、超声粘合、热点粘合或其组合。在显示的实施方案中,例如可以用粘合剂线条如热熔压敏粘合剂将顶片275和背片270彼此组装并向液体保留结构280组装。类似地,其它尿布组件如弹性元件290和295、紧固元件302和涌流层305可通过采用上述确定的连接机制组装成制品。
应当意识到这种单面面层弹力粘合层压材料也可以用于其它个人护理产品、保护性外套、保护性覆盖物等。而且,该材料可以用于人绷带材料和动物包扎产品中。使用这种材料以较低的生产成本提供出令人接受的弹性性能。
无需背离本发明的精神和范围,本领域的一般技术人员即可实施本发明的这些和其它改良和变形方案,这在所附权利要求中更为具体地阐述。另外,应当理解各种实施方案的各个方面可以整体或部分地互换。而且,本领域的普通技术人员将认识到前面的描述仅是示范性的,不旨在对所附权利要求中描述的本发明构成限制。
测试方法程序
拉伸终止测试
“拉伸终止”指的是从在施加指定的张力时可拉伸层压制品的未拉伸尺寸与可拉伸层压制品的最大拉伸尺寸之差,用该差值除以可拉伸层压制品的未拉伸尺寸测定的比率。
如果将拉伸终止表示为百分数,将该比率乘以100。例如,可拉伸层压制品的未拉伸长度为5英寸(12.7cm)而施加750克的力时的最大拉伸长度为10英寸(25.4cm),拉伸终止(750克下)为100%。类似地,可拉伸层压制品的未拉伸长度为5英寸(12.7cm)而施加2000克力时的最大拉伸长度为10英寸(25.4cm),则拉伸终止(在2000克下)为100%。
拉伸终止还称作“最大非破坏性伸长”。除非另有说明,本文中的拉伸终止值是在750克或2000克的载荷下报告的。根据被测试的材料,施加更大的力可能是更适当的。例如,对于单面面层层压制品施加750克/3英寸横向宽度的力一般是适合的;然而,对于某些层压制品,特别是基重较高的层压制品,施加750-2000克/3英寸横向宽度的力可能是最适合的。
在伸长或拉伸终止测试中,将3英寸*7英寸(7.62cm*17.78cm)的样品(尺寸较大的是纵向、横向或其间的任何方向)放置在钳口间隙为5cm的Sintech machine的钳口中。以约20英寸/分钟(50.8cm/分钟)的十字头速度将样品拉至750克或2000克的终止载荷。对于本发明的可拉伸层压材料,希望其具有的拉伸终止值为约300-400%,或者为约50300%,在另一个可选方案中,约80-250%。在伸展(拉伸)方向中实施拉伸终止测试。
蠕变测试方法:
在引用显示热对引入热的长丝束的长丝基单面弹力粘合层压制品的弹性束抗蠕变值的作用的数据前,讨论某些术语是有利的。对于本申请的目的,“抗蠕变性能”或“抗蠕变值”指的是将一或多个弹性丝束向至少一种基体材料如面层结合的特定体系的弹性丝束保持力。例如,如果向基体材料施用液体形式的粘合剂,然后将弹性束压合粘合剂和基体材料,将弹性束与基体材料结合,那么抗蠕变性能是丝束和基体材料之间粘合剂粘合力大小的度量。
对蠕变测量试验的说明提供了该概念的其它细节。如以下讨论的,向基体材料粘合多个弹性长丝束形成单面弹力粘合层压制品。为实现蠕变测量试验,首先在照明灯箱前垂直悬挂样品将样品充分伸展。将样品上部夹持在灯箱上并在样品底部夹持1000克砝码。在该充分伸展的形式下,用卡规在底材上靠近两个相反末端处做标记来指示200毫米的长度。
然后移去砝码,将样品水平放置在一块纸板上。使样品回缩,这样,底材复合材料上的标记此时相隔175毫米。然后将样品钉在纸板上,钉子的位置在175mm长度以外。当弹性丝束回缩时,它们令面层材料皱褶使弹力粘合层压制品自身具有弹性体性质。
然后在175mm长度处切断该弹性丝束。因为该丝束位于面层材料的顶部,当切割丝束时,面层材料部分切开。弹性丝束割断后,它们通常会回缩。丝束切割约1-2分钟后,测量回缩丝束的长度。应用175mm和初期未回缩丝束长度或I(初始)之间的差值来计算样品的“初始蠕变”。对于本申请,采用以下公式计算初始蠕变:
初始蠕变(百分数)=[(175mm-I(初始)mm)/175mm]*100[公式1]
样品的初始蠕变测定以后,将仍钉在纸板上的层压制品放入通风烘箱中预热至100°F的温度。90分钟后,将层压制品和纸板从烘箱中移出。然后使层压制品冷却约10分钟。测量进一步回缩的丝束长度。
应用175mm和最终回缩长度或Y(最终)之间的差值计算样品的“最终蠕变”。对于本申请,采用以下公式计算最终蠕变:
最终蠕变(百分数)=[(175mm-Y(最终)mm)/175mm]*100[公式-2]
对于本申请的目的,按以下计算抗蠕变性能或抗蠕变值:
抗蠕变性能(百分数)=100-最终蠕变 [公式-3]
对于穿着在穿着者身体近周的一次性吸收制品而言,最终蠕变提供了制品在使用中性能的量度,因为人体体温为约98°F。假定的情况为这一量度的意义提供了更多细节。假设制成一层压制品,其中将三个弹性丝束粘合在基础/面层材料上。同时假定该层压制品是通过将丝束向基础/面层材料采用粘合剂粘合制成的,此时丝束在伸长形式下,一般在约200%-约300%的伸长率下(参见以上实施例和标题为“制备弹性层压纤网的方法和设备”的美国专利No.5,964,973,以与本说明书相一致的方式引入本文作为参考,为如何制造加入弹性丝束的层压制品提供更详细内容)。如果在100°F下老化90分钟后,沿每个丝束大部分长度上的弹性丝束与粘合剂和基础(面层)材料分离,丝束发生回缩,则最终蠕变较高,抗蠕变性能较低。层压制品作为弹性层压制品时性能容易变差,因为脱离的丝束此时回缩并包含更小的张力,在层压制品长度上更不容易以较为均匀的方式使基础面层材料皱褶,如果还可能的话。
卷粘连测试方法(层压制品各层散卷时的层间剥离强度)
用刀具从卷外表至卷芯沿横向切割一卷外径为约50英寸的单面弹力粘合层压制品。采用来自外表、芯层和半径中间点上的三部分材料作为样品。每个样品为约18英寸*24英寸并包含约30个未破坏的层压制品层。从这些样品的每一块上切下8块3英寸宽*7英寸长的试样,7英寸处于纵向上。每个试样包含两层层压制品(每个层压制品包含弹性层和单面层)。将试样一端的上层(弹性层和面层组成的完整层压制品)装入张力测试设备(Sintech)的上部钳口中,而试样同一端的试样下层(弹性层和面层组成的完整层压制品)作为上层,装入Sintech设备的下部钳口中。采用以下概括描述的方法,采用Sintech拉伸试验机(MTS Systems Corp。制造,型号为Synergie 200),在180度角和300mm/分钟的应变速率下,测量沿材料MD长度将两层分开所需的平均力。在纵向上测试所有试样。对于测试的样品,如上所述,(长丝)卷中长丝所用的聚合物为KRATON G2755。弹性层中丝束与熔喷层的基重比为约90∶10。使用了8块试样,其平均值取作公认剥离值。
实际上,试验测量了将单面弹力粘合层压材料的两个完整层彼此分开(模拟层压制品从供应辊上开卷)所需的力。认为这样的力代表了将一层成卷材料从卷中取出所需的力。结果表示为克力单位,较高数值代表较粘的织物,其成卷时自粘。对于本发明的材料,在一个实施方案中,该材料显示出低于200g的剥离强度。在另一个可选实施方案中,该材料显示出低于100g的剥离强度。在还一个可选实施方案中,该材料显示出小于50g的剥离强度。
在进行测试时,将层压织物的各个层(即一个单面层压制品与另一个)手工分隔开约2-3英寸的距离以提供至少4英寸的操作方向或分离长度。将来自试样同一末端的一层样品试样夹持在拉伸试验机的每个钳口,然后使试样经受恒速拉伸。希望样品的边缘切割整齐并平行。希望能够利用Sintech TestWorks软件获得系统的数据。夹具包括1英寸*4英寸的钳口面,其中4英寸尺寸为钳口的宽度。在标准试验室气氛-环境条件下进行试验。试验样品在CD方向上为约3-4英寸,在MD方向上至少6英寸。选择适当的载荷传感器,使最高载荷值处于全载荷的10-90%之间,25lbs或更低。希望采用5lb的载荷传感器。如果可能的话,希望试验在约16mm处开始在拉伸至最多约为170mm处终止。计量长度应设置为约2英寸(钳口间距离)。
Claims (17)
1、能够收卷以供贮存并在所述卷需要使用时可以开卷的弹性层压制品,所述弹性层压制品包含:
选自长丝束阵列和在所述长丝束上沉积了熔喷材料的长丝束阵列的弹性层,其中所述长丝束包含结晶度为3-40%的弹性聚烯烃基聚合物;和
仅向所述弹性层一侧粘合的面层。
2、权利要求1的弹性层压制品,其中所述弹性层为在所述长丝束上沉积了弹性熔喷层的长丝束阵列。
3、权利要求1或2的弹性层压制品,其中所述弹性层压制品向自身收卷而不发生卷粘连,因此可以开卷以供未来的使用。
4、权利要求2的弹性层压制品,其中当熔喷层包括弹性聚烯烃基聚合物时,所述层压制品在300mm/分钟的应变速率下具有低于70克/3英寸横向宽度的层间剥离强度。
5、权利要求1或2的弹性层压制品,其中面层包含结晶度为3-40%的弹性聚烯烃基聚合物。
6、权利要求2的弹性层压制品,其中弹性熔喷层包含结晶度为3-40%的弹性聚烯烃基熔喷聚合物。
7、权利要求1或2的弹性层压制品,其中弹性聚烯烃基聚合物包含选自聚乙烯、聚丙烯、丁烯或辛烯的均或共聚物、乙烯甲基丙烯酸酯共聚物、乙烯醋酸乙烯酯共聚物和丙烯酸丁酯共聚物中的至少一种。
8、权利要求2的弹性层压制品,其中弹性熔喷层包含至少两层,第一层包含结晶度为3-40%的弹性聚烯烃基熔喷聚合物,第二层包含苯乙烯型嵌段共聚物基熔喷聚合物。
9、权利要求1或2的弹性层压制品,还包含沉积在所述弹性层和面层之间并显示出较短开放时间的粘合剂;或者沉积在长丝束阵列和弹性熔喷层之间并显示出较短开放时间的粘合剂;或者在固化时变得无粘性的粘合剂,其中所述粘合剂沉积在所述弹性层和面层之间;或者在固化时变得无粘性的粘合剂与粘合后粘合剂或不粘连剂的组合;或者沉积在所述面层对侧的所述弹性层上的不粘连剂层。
10、权利要求1或2的弹性层压制品,其中所述弹性层压制品包括沉积在所述面层对侧上的所述弹性层上的熔喷不粘连剂。
11、权利要求10的弹性层压制品,其中所述熔喷不粘连剂选自无增粘剂的聚烯烃和弹性聚合物。
12、权利要求1或2的弹性层压制品,其中所述面层选自非织造纤网、非织造纤网层压制品、泡沫、稀松织物、网眼织物和薄膜及其组合。
13、权利要求12的弹性层压制品,其中所述非织造纤网是颈缩非织造纤网。
14、权利要求1的弹性层压制品的形成方法,包含:
提供具有两个侧面的弹性层;
向该弹性层的一侧施用熔喷不粘连剂;
拉伸该弹性层;
在该拉伸弹性层处于拉伸条件时将面层仅向所述熔喷不粘连剂对侧上的所述拉伸弹性层粘合,以形成弹力粘合层压制品;
使该拉伸的粘合层压制品回缩。
15、权利要求14的方法,其中所述弹性层是长丝束阵列或在其上沉积了熔喷材料的长丝束阵列。
16、权利要求1的弹性层压制品的形成方法,包含:
提供具有两个侧面的弹性层;
拉伸该弹性层;
在所述拉伸弹性层处于位伸条件下,通过使用开放时间较短且固化后无粘性的粘合剂将单一面层仅向所述拉伸弹性层的一侧上粘合以形成弹力粘合层压制品;和
使该拉伸的粘合层压制品回缩。
17、权利要求16的方法,其中在所述弹性层与所述面层接触前和所述弹性层与所述面层接触后,施用所述粘合剂将所述弹性层向所述单一面层粘合。
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Also Published As
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US8043984B2 (en) | 2011-10-25 |
ZA200604667B (en) | 2007-11-28 |
CN1902047A (zh) | 2007-01-24 |
US20050170729A1 (en) | 2005-08-04 |
US20050148263A1 (en) | 2005-07-07 |
US7601657B2 (en) | 2009-10-13 |
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