CH669004A5 - INSULATING PRODUCT IN MINERAL FIBERS. - Google Patents

Description

DESCRIPTION

The present invention relates to a mineral fiber product as an insulating sheet or sheet comprising an elastic main layer of bonded mineral fibers and at least one facing layer.

Such mineral fiber products often include, in order to improve their surface, a facing layer serving, for example, as protection against runoff, as a screening and as protection against flowing agents. As facing layers suitable for this purpose, for example according to DIN 52270, page 2, mention may be made of paper, thin aluminum sheets or plastic films.

On the other hand, there is already a series of insulating plates in which a main layer made of bonded mineral fibers is combined in the manner of a sandwich with different facing layers as to their material. Thus, the document CH-PS 597 453 describes a sound-absorbing plate made of mineral fibers with an apparent volume mass of between 70 and 90 kg / m 3 which has, on its visible face, a glass fiber fabric. The mineral fiber product used as a ceiling tile has a "glass fiber skin" on its rear face, which means a layer of material made of glass fiber particles compressed with resin. In addition to improving the soundproofing properties, the fiberglass skin here has to increase the rigidity of the plate, whereby larger surfaces can be covered by larger plates, so that the ceiling has less of joints constituting potential soundproofing faults.

In addition, document AT-PS 187 640 describes a mineral fiber product as an insulating plate or sheet comprising an elastic main layer of bonded glass fibers and a kind of facing layer made of "fiberglass bundles" which are arranged parallel and at equal distance, for example from 1 to 6 cm, on the surface of the plate or of the sheet, preferably longitudinally. Such a facing layer increases the tensile strength in the direction of reinforcement, so that this product is relatively thin and can be folded with a small radius of curvature. This latter feature also relates to the particular application indicated in the document, that is to say that such mineral fiber products are supposed to be used mainly for the insulation of tubes and cables, in which case these products s mineral fibers must be associated in particular with bitumen, which, from the technical point of view of construction, makes this product combustible.

Finally, document DE-OS 3315 901 describes a light multi-layer construction plate, consisting of a main layer of rock wool or glass and having one or two layers of wood wool facing agglomerated with magnesia. or cement. Apart from the combustibility of these products, these are rigid plates which do not flex and which cannot be rolled up.

15 The object of the invention is therefore to provide a mineral fiber product with an advantageous cost, which is noncombustible from the point of view of the construction technique and which complies with the non-characteristic part of claim 1, which has the specific weight to comply with a de-2o thermal conductivity group completed according to DIN 18165 (for example group 040 or group 035), but which however has a dimensional stability suitable for ensuring very good handling and excellent fixing of this product, for example by means of dowels, to building walls.

According to the invention, this object is achieved in a simple manner by an insulating product made of mineral fibers in the form of a plate or strip according to claim 1.

An insulating plate or sheet thus produced offers, compared to known embodiments, a series of serious advantages, in particular that which the mattress of mineral fibers serving as the main layer acquires, thanks to the applied facing layer, a rigidity. such that it is possible to provide only the specific weight valid for a given thermal conductivity group, i.e. the higher specific weight which otherwise was generally used simply to obtain stability determined from the insulating sheet or mat, is no longer necessary. In this case, it is particularly advantageous to use, as a facing layer, a veil of glass fibers which has a weight per surface imitation of 30 to 110 g / m2. In addition, the veil of glass fibers must be open to the diffusion of vapors and its disordered glass fibers must also, for technical fireproofing reasons, be linked to one another by means of an organic binder, the volume is limited.

In the particular case of the use of the insulating plate in accordance with the invention for facades of buildings with post-45 ventilation, it is for example possible, for a product falling in the thermal conductivity group 040, which has a specific weight of 15 kg / m3, the same form stability as that which would otherwise be obtained with a corresponding product, devoid of a pressure-distributing facing layer, with a specific weight 50 of 25 kg / m3. In addition to this weight saving, the new insulating plate is also distinguished by a high resistance to bending, that is to say that it does not break during an overhang mounting, which makes possible a simplified installation. on site, for example in the case of high wind speeds.

When the insulating plate according to the invention is used for rear ventilation facades, this plate being hereinafter abbreviated as facade insulating plate, a more solid surface is obtained at the same time on the side exposed to the weather thanks to the facing layer provided, so that neither during assembly, 60 nor during the service life, fiber tearing can occur; in addition, thanks to the facing layer on the side exposed to the weather, any driving rain is repelled during installation. Finally, compared to the facade insulating plates known up to now, due to the improved rigidity, larger dimensions than hitherto are possible, which reduces the number of joints and thus also the number of plugs usually used for fixing. This last characteristic appears of course also when the size of the plates remains the same as

3

669 004

that of the plates used until now, because the facing layer intervenes to distribute the pressures. Finally, facade insulating plates in accordance with the invention make it possible to better compensate for the unevenness of the bottom of the bare facade wall, since the main layer has a specific weight less than that used up to now, that is to say to say that it is thus possible to advantageously compensate for the tolerances of the construction.

In the case of an embodiment of the mineral fiber product according to the invention in the form of an insulating sheet and here again in the case of the use of the insulating sheet for a so-called core insulation, it that is to say as insulation in walls made of two walls, the specific weight of the main layer can be advantageously chosen between 10 and 30 kg / m3, two products which are preferred having a specific weight of 15 or 25 kg / m3. In this case, given a series of advantages such as the reduction of transport and storage costs, the reduction in the number of seals and thus the number of thermal bridges, it is advantageous to wind the insulating sheet as of initial product in a roll which can have a length of 3 to 10 m. This is again possible thanks to the apparent density of the main layer which is lower than that of the products known up to now, since the main layer is thus more easily compressed.

Other details and advantages of the invention will be explained and described below in more detail in exemplary embodiments, with reference to the appended drawings, in which:

fig. 1 is a perspective view of a mineral fiber product in the form of a facade insulating plate comprising a facing layer applied on one of its sides;

fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a building wall with a facade covering with rear ventilation along the line II-II of FIG. 3, for which the insulating front plate of FIG. 1 is planned;

fig. 3 is a perspective view of a corner area of a building with a rear ventilation facade covering which is not yet completely finished and for which the insulating facade plate of FIG. 1 is used;

fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a building wall with two sails which, by way of another example of embodiment, comprises an insulating sheet with a facing layer applied on one side as insulating felt called core .

Fig. 1 illustrates an insulating plate 1 which has a main layer 2 and a facing layer 3 applied thereto. The main layer 2 of the insulating plate 1 is made of glass fibers made hydrophobic and bonded by means of a phenolic resin and has, in the present case, as an insulating plate called the facade, preferably a specific weight of 15 kg / m3. A glass mat open to the diffusion of steam serves as a facing layer and has a weight per unit area of approximately 50 g / m2 and its glass fibers arranged in a disorderly fashion are agglomerated by means of an organic binder present in limited quantity. Of course, the main layer 2 can also be made of rock wool or other mineral fibers.

The insulating plate 1 which, in the present exemplary embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3, used to insulate rear ventilation facades, normally measures 1250 x 600 mm, thicknesses staggered between 30 and 100 mm being adequate here, that is to say that it is necessary to take account of each case and the desired value for resistance to the passage of heat. The insulating plate 1 belongs, according to DIN 18165, to the thermal conductivity group 040 and has a high resistance to bending. It also meets the specifications for the A2 building material class, which, according to DIN 4102, means that it is non-combustible.

Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a building wall 4 which has a facade covering with rear ventilation 5. Such a covering is used both for thermal insulation and for sound insulation and must also have an appearance aesthetic. It must fulfill its functions in all atmospheric conditions and must not age during use.

The insulating layer of the facade covering 5 of FIGS. 2 and 3 is each time formed by a large number of insulating plates 1 arranged end to end in rows, which are fixed to the wall 4 of the building using so-called known washer dowels 6, it being understood that the facing layer 3 is facing outward. Then follows the actual facade cladding, for example in the form of panels 7, which are again fixed to the wall 4 of the building with suitable anchoring elements 8 in such a way that between these panels 7 and the insulating plates 1 there remains a rear ventilation space 9. Thanks to the dimensional stability of the insulating plates 1 in accordance with the invention, it is possible to guarantee this rear ventilation space 9 by, for example, 2 cm. In addition, thanks to the shape stability of the insulating plates 1, it is possible to reduce the tolerances previously provided for such rear ventilation spaces; this also due to the fact that, for example, the insulating facade plates used until now, which did not have a facing layer, had relatively flexible plate corners so that, when using anchors with washer 6, in the corner assembly areas indicated at 10 in fig. 3, the corners of the plates could emerge from the washers of these ankles and thus not only constitute an optical defect during the reception of the building, but also represent deficient places of the thermal insulation, just like a narrowing of the interval of rear ventilation 9. These drawbacks are now eliminated by the facing layer 3 provided in accordance with the invention, because the insulating plates 1 have, thanks to the facing layer, remarkable resistance at their edges, so that the insulating plates 1 can be held satisfactorily, in particular in the corner assembly zones 10.

In addition, better mounting control is possible thanks to the facing layer 3 provided, that is to say that, due to the "free hand laying" of the anchors used until now, it was not not to exclude that certain pegs 6 or 21 are placed too deeply. The consequence was again that such insulating plates were excessively compressed locally, which altered the thermal insulation in these areas; the general appearance obtained thereby leaving something to be desired. Now, in the case of an anchor 6 or 21 placed too deeply, there is on the other hand a deformation of the facing layer 3 or 18 which is visible by the formation of false folds and thus makes possible better control of the pose.

Fig. 4 illustrates another embodiment of a double-walled building wall comprising an interior wall 11 and an exterior wall 12 between which is installed an insulating sheet 13 comprising a facing layer 3 applied on one side, as felt so-called soul insulator. The construction of a double-walled wall with a thermal insulating layer of intermediate mineral fibers constitutes, as we know, thanks to the clear separation of functions in load-bearing structures, thermal insulation and protection against humidity, the solution ideal physical construction for exterior walls. In the case of the present embodiment, the insulating sheet 13 is provided without special air space between the outer wall 12 and the insulating sheet 13. This is possible, on the one hand, because the main layer 2 of the insulating sheet 13 is made hydrophobic and, on the other hand, because the facing layer 3 evacuates downwards any moisture which infiltrates through the exterior wall 12. The exterior wall 12 is usually fixed by irons anchor 14 to the interior wall 11, the insulating ply 13 having to be inserted in place on the anchor irons 14 before the construction of the exterior wall 12. After mounting the insulating ply 13 on the anchor irons 14, so-called water rejection washers 15 are mounted each time on these anchoring irons and can be used at the same time in an advantageous manner to adjust a determined thickness limitation of the insulating layer 13.

In the case of the present embodiment, the specific weight of the main layer 2 of the insulating sheet 13 can advantageously be reduced from 23 kg / m3 to 15 kg / m3 by the use of the facing layer 3 under the shape of a glass mat with a s

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

669 004

4

weight per unit area of 50 g / m2, the requirements imposed, for example, for the thermal conductivity group 040 being satisfied in both cases.

In the case of using a core insulating felt coated with a glass mat as insulation in double-walled building walls, it is particularly advantageous to use insulating sheets of a length of 3 to 10 m which, as an initial product, are rolled up. In addition to facilitating installation and reducing the number of joints and thus thermal bridges, they also make it possible to isolate wall angles without problem, because the glass mat facing, thanks to its flexibility associated with the weight relatively low specificity of the main layer, allows the insulating sheet to be installed without problem in the corners of the walls, that is to say that it follows its shape.

In summary, the basic idea of the present invention lies in the fact that, in the case of a product made of mineral fibers, the specific weight is simply provided for which is required for classification in a group of thermal conductivity determined according to the DIN 18165 standard, it being understood that the shape stability of the product required in each case is obtained by the application of an appropriate coating layer. This means that this basic idea can also be carried out for other application cases than those described here; this is the case, for example, in so-called industrial ceiling tiles 5 for visible mounting in T-sections forming a standardized grid. In the case of such insulation, it is, for example, also possible to provide additional industrial insulation on the ceiling panels laid, made of a mineral fiber felt laid without being fixed, so that the ceiling plates here io used must be manufactured for this additional load, possibly with a specific weight greater than that required.

In this case, one thinks for example of a specific weight of 50 kg / m3, which could however still be in the field provided for the present invention. The same goes for the choice of the values of the weight per unit area of the facing layer. In addition, it is possible to use the basic ideas of the invention for insulating plates which are laid, for example, between rafters of the roof. This means that the idea of the invention can be used in a large number of applications.

2 sheets of drawings

Claims (7)

669 004 1. Insulating mineral fiber product in the form of a plate or strip comprising an elastic main layer of bonded mineral fibers and at least one facing layer, characterized in that the main layer (2) of mineral fibers has a lower specific weight or equal to 40 kg / cm3 and in that the facing layer is formed of a flexible element, distributing the pressure, plastically non-deformable, made of a veil of glass fibers (3,17) having per unit area a weight from 30 to 110 g / m2. 2. Product according to claim 1, characterized in that the veil (3,17, 19) of glass fibers is open to the diffusion of vapor and is non-combustible within the meaning of standard DIN 4102. 2 3. Product according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the main layer (2) is made of glass fibers or rock wool. 4. Product according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the main layer (2) is provided on two sides with a facing layer (3 or 17,18). 5. Product according to one of claims 1 to 4, in the form of a plate (1), intended in particular for the insulation of facades of buildings with rear ventilation, characterized in that the main layer (2) has a specific weight included between 10 and 30 kg / m3 and preferably between 15 and 25 kg / m3. 6. Product according to one of claims 1 to 4, in the form of a strip (13), intended in particular for the insulation of double-walled walls, characterized in that the main layer has a specific weight between 10 and 30 kg / m3 and preferably between 15 and 25 kg / m3. 7. Product according to claim 6, characterized in that the strip (13) has a length of 3 to 10 m and is rolled up.