WO2000001891A1

WO2000001891A1 - Anti-moisture complex for fibre and plastic film grid

Info

Publication number: WO2000001891A1
Application number: PCT/FR1999/001577
Authority: WO
Inventors: Daniel Doligez
Original assignee: Daniel Doligez
Priority date: 1998-07-06
Filing date: 1999-06-30
Publication date: 2000-01-13
Also published as: FR2780740B1; FR2780740A1; AU4377099A

Abstract

The invention concerns a complex formed by a glass fibre grid (3) combined with at least a polyester type film (2), which is particularly adapted for depositing on wet or moist surfaces such as pavements or roofs to be asphalted. The film (2) is placed beneath the grid (3). The asphalt is (4) poured on the complex. The resulting complex structure has a function which combines pressure distribution with prevention of the surface moisture from rising, which would cause blister formation.

Description

ANTI-MOISTURE COMPLEX OF FIBER GRID AND PLASTIC FILM

The present invention relates to the technical sector of building and public works, more specifically that of the coating with a layer of asphalt of supports such as supports for sidewalks, roofs, and the like.

Various reinforcements have been incorporated into bitumen wearing courses, such as textile reinforcements (FR A 2 592 411, FR A 2 635 542), fiberglass sheets, grid structures, or complex reinforcements combining a grid and a nonwoven tablecloth.

We know in particular the products "ROADTEX" and "ROTAFLEX" (brands of the company CHOMARAT). ROADTEX type structures consist of an open grid of continuous glass filaments linked by a thermoplastic polymer. ROTAFLEX type structures consist of a polyester nonwoven reinforced with a glass grid.

Patent EP 0 368 600 (Netion Ltd.) describes a two-layer structure comprising:

a mesh grid above, in particular made of polypropylene, and comprising a thick nodule and not oriented at each junction of strands, and

- a polyester fabric under the grid, therefore intended to come into contact with the bitumen layer deposited on the floor.

According to this document, an aqueous bitumen emulsion is deposited on the road, then the two-layer structure, then a new layer of bitumen. It is specified that the polypropylene of the grid undergoes a heat treatment during manufacture, to avoid shrinkage during the thermal shock caused by the deposition temperature of the mix. An important feature of the Netion patent is that the laminate is characterized in that the fabric is combined with the plastic mesh only at the thicker junctions of the mesh and not at the strands of the mesh.

EP 0 318 707 (Bay Mills Ltd.) is also known, which describes a frame for road surfaces, comprising:

- an open grid pre-impregnated with resin, with meshs kept open after impregnation,

- an adhesive coating applied to the underside of the impregnated grid, without blocking the meshes.

It is specified that this adhesive coating can be activated by heat or pressure and forms a bond between the grid and the asphalt. This adhesive does not, however, bond the two layers of asphalt on either side of the grid, which may moreover be suitable for certain road applications.

Patent USP 3,581,631 (Enka Corp.) describes an armature which consists of a film comprising threads or filaments, forming meshes which are completely or partially clogged with an adhesive. This adhesive is chosen from certain resins and certain polymers having a softening point greater than 50 ° C. and is cast hot on the film. The adhesive, on the one hand wets and "impregnates" the film, and on the other hand is miscible with the bitumen layer.

We also know the combination of a ROADTEX product and a layer of hot-melt product applied to one of its faces, which melts at a temperature lower than that of the bitumen layer.

Structures from the company 6D SOLUTIONS are also known, consisting of a frame composed of a fiberglass grid, a fine nonwoven on the upper face and an interposed heat-bonding product. According to a particular embodiment, this structure may include an air vacuum which contributes to a correct fusion of the fusible. According to another particular embodiment, the frame is 1

made basic to accelerate the rupture of the bitumen emulsion on which it is laid.

There is also known a device from the company 6D SOLUTIONS for treating damage caused by the flapping of slabs on motorways and the like, and damage caused to road structures such as bridges whose deck is undersized. According to this technique, rigid bars of section, for example 5.5 x 5.5 mm in the direction of flow, are arranged at the right of the damage, maintained by transverse spacers 8.

None of these numerous documents relates on the one hand, to the technical sector of “applied coatings” of the asphalt type intended to form sidewalks, roofs and the like, nor on the other hand to the even more specific problem, within this technical sector of add-on coatings, wet or damp substrates when applying asphalt.

They are however useful for appreciating the technological background and they are produced as such.

It is known that asphalts are bituminous materials with a high concentration of hydrocarbon binder.

The particularity of asphalts is that they are in the form of closed putty and that they are poured at more than 200 ° C, in general at 230 ° C / 240 ° C.

They are sensitive to temperature. They become plastic, that is, they soften when it rises.

They can be applied mechanically mainly for their road use, or more often manually. There are no specific rules, mechanization being above all a question of productivity on large and easily accessible construction sites. In a large number of uses, these asphalts are applied independently of the support, often made of cement concrete, so as not to follow its movements of expansion and thermal shrinkage, and shrinkage shrinkage, so that they do not crack . This is the case, for example, for sidewalks and certain roof seals. In other cases they are applied semi-independently of the support.

We find these cases at the road level or roof waterproofing.

Independence products can be kraft papers, bituminous papers (said to be wireless), geotextiles, glass veils ...

Semi-independence products are generally perforated bituminous papers, or fiberglass grids.

We also know patent EP 98 400 025.7 (Croyère) which describes a mechanical bonding product, intended to be inserted between an attached coating (12) and its support (10), characterized in that it has a structure of the type bag, said structure comprising:

- a top sheet (A), intended to receive said added coating (12), said top sheet (A) having the desired mechanical properties for the support (10) / attached coating (12) connection;

- a lower sheet (C), intended to be positioned on said support (10), secured to said upper sheet (A) over the entire length of their longitudinal edges and this, over a sufficient width so as to constitute two fastening strips (2);

- At least one, advantageously at least two, slip sheet (s) (B), free (s) inside the bag thus formed by said upper (A) and lower (C) sheets secured.

According to this patent, the fastening strips are essential for operating strong fixing / bonding points between several superimposed elements. The grid must therefore be necessarily with wide mesh called ^" Open" so that the asphalt can easily penetrate to the bottom layer and achieve strong bonding.

On the other hand, this document, not published on the date of filing of this patent application, does not concern and absolutely does not mention the technical problem of wet or damp supports.

However, it is frequent that the support is wet or wet; it is mainly in the following configurations:

- the setting of the concrete is not finished (it can last several weeks depending on the structure), - the work starts in the morning when there has been dew at night, or it has rained ,

- it starts to rain even slightly, when the work has started.

This water on the surface or in the support is transformed into vapor, under more or less significant pressure, in all important cases at the very moment of laying the asphalt at 240 ° C. This pressure from the bottom up pushes the asphalt. Bubbles several centimeters high can thus appear instantly or several days after its application depending on the case, or even several months when the asphalt is exposed to the sun and it softens.

On the other hand, project managers are very often in a hurry to put the work back into service to avoid inconvenience to users as much as possible.

From this fact, the applicator company has several choices (often with the opinion of the project manager):

- the rain is strong, then the team is put "in bad weather" and returns the next day,

- the support has not finished setting, so either the prime contractor agrees to have bubbles on his work, or he postpones the finish of his work for several weeks, which is rarely accepted, - the rain is intermittent or light, so the asphalt blisters instantly or later, and the team stops working when the support becomes too wet, the company still having to compensate it although inactive, - Or it dries the support with a torch, which is long and expensive.

All these choices are therefore not satisfactory.

Unsuccessful attempts have been made to overcome this problem, in particular by placing waterproof films, which indeed seems very logical. But these films are thermoplastic and also soften under the action of temperature and follow the deformation of the asphalt under pressure. They therefore do not prevent the formation of blisters.

We also placed, to achieve the characteristic (strictly mandatory in this technical sector) called "independence" (between the support and the coating called "reported") papers "kraft" or "paper between two cordless" ( double sheet paper with bitumen coating between the sheets) but the paper drinks water. The coefficient of friction becomes too high, and the added coating loses its independence from the support. In addition, the moisture is then directly in contact with the added coating.

The Nordic countries frequently use glass fiber fabrics (therefore tight textiles), particularly at the level of engineering structures, so that the vapor is transmitted by capillarity along the threads and is more or less evacuated towards the outside. This system is not sufficient for cases of high humidity, and does not work when laying asphalt on a wet surface.

Even to this day, there is therefore no satisfactory solution, despite the obvious need and the problem clearly identified.

It has been discovered according to the invention that it is possible to oppose the rise of the water vapor produced by the water or the humidity of the support, and therefore oppose the formation of "blisters" on the surface, by the combination of a grid of glass fibers and a polyester-type film which is not completely waterproof against water vapor.

According to an arrangement of the invention, the film is placed under the grid, and the asphalt is poured onto this complex thus placed on the support.

This arrangement makes it possible simultaneously to distribute the pressure of the water vapor, without creating localized areas of high pressure, and to effectively and for the first time oppose the formation of blisters of water vapor through the asphalt.

The complex thus formed is applied under the asphalt, the film being under the grid, the grid not being sensitive to temperature, and having sufficient mechanical characteristics to counter the pressure from bottom to top.

In a completely surprising way, no more blisters appear on the surface of the asphalt under the climatic conditions mentioned above.

This is all the more surprising since the film chosen is not completely waterproof against water vapor. It should be noted in this regard that the water vapor produced by the pouring of the asphalt onto water or moisture is at high temperature (pouring the asphalt at approx. 240 ° C) and is trapped under the complex; the vapor pressure is therefore extremely high, which moreover explains the severity of the problem posed and the absence of an effective remedy, to date.

It is quite surprising to note that the combination of a film which is not necessarily completely waterproof against water vapor with a reinforcing element such as a grid of glass fibers completely stops the path of the vapor through of asphalt, and therefore radically prevents the formation of blisters on the surface. This approach goes against current anti-humidity products, which either use lateral capillarity, or else a waterproof film. This phenomenon cannot be fully explained; it is likely that the reinforcement and film combination makes it possible to better distribute the water vapor pressure, in what follows, this particular property of the invention will be called "sealing", for simplicity.

Naturally, the Claimant is not bound by the explanation assumed above.

The product according to the invention consists, according to its general principle, of a film which is not necessarily completely impermeable to water vapor, in combination with a reinforcing grid.

According to an arrangement of the invention, the reinforcing grid is placed on the film.

By this description is meant that the film is in contact with the wet support, and the reinforcement above the film. The asphalt is then poured over the complex thus formed.

The product consists, according to a preferred embodiment, of a grating of glass fiber of the grid type, or other material not sensitive to temperatures up to 250 ° C., complexed with a film which is not necessarily completely waterproof. water vapour.

By "grid" is meant here a flexible structure, which can be fine, and not a rigid element. On the contrary, the product according to the invention must be able to be wound up for transport and laying by unwinding.

According to a variant, the network can be of the textile or fabric type with tighter mesh.

It should be noted that this type of film does not depend on the pouring temperature of the asphalt (approx. 240 ° C) if it is alone; one would have thought that the same would apply in the presence of a fine grid. It has surprisingly been found that, on the contrary, the film thus complexed according to the invention holds in temperature. The film under consideration will be of any type suitable for the casting temperature of the added coating, when it is combined with the reinforcement to form the complex according to the invention. The best product is polyester because it holds (in combination with the reinforcement according to the invention) up to the pouring temperature of the asphalt, ie approx. 240 ° C.

The invention is however applicable to all coating poured hot, possibly at a lower temperature, and the skilled person can then choose a film of different nature, for example, polypropylene or polyethylene.

The invention also applies to all cold coating flows generating an exothermic reaction, in particular cold casting of resins comprising a polymerization and / or crosslinking initiator; it is then the exothermic polymerization reaction which creates a temperature which can reach 100 or 150 ° C.

The film can be used as is.

One can also provide a metallization of this film, for example by spraying a metal such as aluminum by known methods.

It is also possible to interpose a metallic film, for example an aluminum film, to reflect part of the heat of casting, and therefore reduce the production of water vapor.

According to the invention, no significant bonding is necessary between the film and the reinforcement; it suffices that the two elements are sufficiently joined together during manufacture so as not to form a fold, and not to delaminate until it is used. A simple common acrylic glue will suffice.

It is only in very specific cases as described below by way of a variant of the invention, comprising the replacement of the grid-type reinforcement by two thin glass veils, that strong bonding between the film and the sails will be necessary to ensure sufficient mechanical resistance to the pressure of water vapor. Another variant of the invention consists in interposing a thermal insulating material, no longer to reflect the heat of casting, but to thermally insulate the interior of a building when the covering is on the roof. Indeed, the new de-blocking standards pose problems of insulation, which it has often become desirable to deport outside. Suitable thermal insulating materials are, for example, glass webs, which are insulating by creating volumes of air, while participating in the reinforcement function of the invention.

The invention also relates to all combinations of the above variants or options, depending on the particular problem posed.

In particular, the invention relates to the arrangement of several strips of complex with partial overlap (very preferred arrangement), the arrangement of multilayer complexes of the “mille-feuille” type, with or without an insulating function, etc.

The main possibilities are shown for clarity in the accompanying drawings, and in the following examples. Those skilled in the art will easily be able to envisage all the technical equivalents of these possibilities.

In particular, multi-layer alternation:

glass / polyester / glass veil / polyester / glass veil or metallic film / etc

and the like, or

- a coating of bitumen on the grid of a fusible, bitumen or EVA type, and laying of the film when the fusible is still hot, then cooling; or

- coating or calendering of the textile with a thermoplastic requiring the characteristics of the film. 91

1 1

The invention will be better understood on reading the description which follows, and with reference to the appended drawing, in which:

- Figure 1 shows schematically a sectional view of a support for attached coating, on which is disposed a preferred complex according to the invention, with slight overlap of the adjacent strips;

- Figure 2 which consists of Figures 2a to 2f shows schematically a sectional view of a support having various configurations of complexes according to the invention.

In the figures, the references have the same meanings, which are as follows:

1 support

2 film not necessarily completely waterproof against water vapor, especially polyester

3 grid or fabric of glass fibers or similar fibers 4 surface covering like asphalt layer

5 glass veil

6 metallic film (preferably aluminum)

7 aluminized film 2

The figures will not be described here in detail, since the functions of the various components have been described, which makes the understanding of the figures obvious to any person skilled in the art.

The following exemplary embodiments illustrate the invention without however limiting its scope.

Textile or grid:

The mechanical characteristics of the textile will be at least

5 kN / m in both directions. 91

12

They will depend in particular on the manufacturing process, so that the production yield is optimized, while keeping the production quality, without wrinkles.

The maximum characteristics will be capped by their induced cost or by their required reinforcement characteristic, of the order of 50 to 100 kN / m.

The film :

It will have to withstand the temperatures of asphalt processing, around 250 ° C.

It will preferably be made of polyester, for example of brand

Terfane®, from 12 to 36 μ.

Resistance to water vapor at about 40 g / m ^2/24 h.

In order to increase its resistance to the permeability of water vapor under pressure and at high temperature, it will be preferable to use a metallized polyester film which is easily found on the market, the permeability of which can vaporize water. go down to

1 g / m ^2/24 h, trademark Claryl for example.

It is preferable to use a 23 μ film, a compromise between flexibility, price of material and permeability to water vapor.

The complex :

The production of the complex can be done

- Either at the time of the manufacture of the grid, just after the association of the warp threads and the weft threads, by gluing;

- Either by lamination of the textile type, that is to say by coating or licking a textile glue, then applying the film, then pressurizing by calendering for example and drying or polymerization; 91

13

- Either by applying glue to the film by spraying or spraying, then associating the textile by pressure, or vice versa, the glue being placed on the textile, then the film being applied to the textile;

- either by coating the bitumen with the grid of a fusible, bitumen or EVA type, and applying film when the fusible is still hot, then cooling,

- Either by coating or calendering the textile with a thermoplastic requiring the characteristics of the film.

Other production systems can be envisaged. The important thing is to be able to produce the most economical product, without creating wrinkles.

A fold being a weak point, the textile and / or the film would be put back in tension under the pressure of water vapor, and would create a deformation of the asphalt.

A variant of the process and of the product according to the invention consists in interposing between the asphalt and the film an insulating product in order to limit the rise in temperature of the film, and therefore to improve the sealing phenomenon.

The textile is then represented by a grid laminated on a glass veil. The association of the film will preferably be done on the glass veil for better ease of rolling.

The glass veil will weigh from 35 to 70 g / m ² , possibly more for better protection.

A variant of this process consists in creating a multilayer, preferably of waterproof materials and interleaved insulating materials, such as for example the following complex, going from top to bottom: fiberglass grid + glass veil + aluminum film + veil glass + polyester film. This material would have, in addition to its power against water pressure, a capacity for thermal insulation. Hence an even more sustained interest from the project managers. 1

14

The complex is rolled up in reels that can be handled by site workers.

The implementation of the complex:

Just unroll the complex, film below.

The strips must overlap.

In some cases, the complex can be bonded to the support.

Then pour the asphalt.

The invention applies to any type of support which must receive an "attached coating" of asphalt or the like.

In addition to the applications mentioned, those skilled in the art will understand that the present invention applies to all surfaces for which it is desired to preserve or restore the seal.

Mention will in particular be made of pipes, in particular of water, in particular municipal water pipes where it is well known that leaks cause colossal losses of water, pipelines in particular for transporting petroleum or hydrocarbons or water, including geothermal energy, and in particular pipelines connected to petroleum exploitation sites, as well as tanks and reservoirs, in particular water tanks and hydrocarbon reservoirs in petroleum sites such as refineries, port facilities, fuel depots and the like.

Mention will also be made of covering surfaces of all kinds, such as roofs of large surfaces, warehouses and similar buildings, parking roofs and terraces of all types and sizes, including the terraces of individual houses.

The various elements of the complex can also be run separately on the site. One can in particular unroll the film then the grid of glass fibers, and possibly the glass veil or the 1

15 multilayer elements, according to the variants described above. Those skilled in the art will be able to modify or adapt the invention according to the usual criteria of the profession.

Claims

1. - Complex intended to be placed on a support for ^“added coating”, preventing the formation of water vapor blisters through layer (s) of asphalt or of the applied coating deposited hot, or of a coating reported cold deposited but exothermic reaction, characterized in that it comprises the combination of a film which is not completely waterproof to water vapor and a reinforcement grid of this film.

2. - Complex according to claim 1, characterized in that the film is placed under the grid, and the asphalt is poured onto this complex thus placed on the support.

3. - Complex according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it consists of a network of glass fiber of the grid type, or other material not sensitive to temperatures up to 250 ° C, complexed with a film which is not completely vapor-tight.

4. - Complex according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the "grid" is a flexible structure, which can be fine, and not a rigid element.

5. - Complex according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the grid forms a network of the textile or fabric type with tighter mesh.

6. - Complex according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the film is of a type which is not mechanically resistant to the pouring temperature of the asphalt (approx. 240 ° C) when it is is not combined with the reinforcement grid.

7. - Complex according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the film considered will be adapted to the casting temperature of the coating added in the configuration provided where it is combined with the reinforcement to form the complex according to the invention .

8. - Complex according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the film is a polyester film.

9. - Complex according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the film is a polypropylene or polyethylene film.

10. - Complex according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the film is metallized, for example by spraying a metal such as aluminum.

11. - Complex according to any one of claims 1 to

10, characterized in that it comprises a metallic film, for example an aluminum film.

12. - Complex according to any one of claims 1 to

1 1, characterized in that it comprises several films possibly metallized.

13. - Complex according to any one of claims 1 to

12, characterized in that it comprises several optionally metallized films combined with at least one metallic film such as an aluminum film.

14. - Complex according to any one of claims 1 to

13, characterized in that it comprises at least one veil of glass or other thermally insulating material.

15. - Complex according to any one of claims 1 to

14, characterized in that it is in the form of a multilayer structure of the “mille-feuilles” type.

16. - Complex according to any one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the film and the reinforcement are not bonded.

17. - Complex according to any one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the two elements are sufficiently integral with the production in particular by gluing with an acrylic adhesive so as not to form a fold, and not to delaminate until its implementation.

18. - Complex according to any one of claims, characterized in that it comprises the replacement of the grid-type reinforcement by two thin glass veils, and a strong bond between the film and the veils.

19. - Complex according to any one of claims 1 to

18, characterized in that a thermal insulating material is inserted, with a possible mechanical reinforcement function, such as for example glass veils.

20. - Complex according to any one of claims 1 to

19, characterized in that it is chosen from the following arrangements, from the top (where the coating is poured) to the bottom (contact with the support):

1 glass grid or textile

polyester film.

21. - Complex according to any one of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that it is chosen from the following arrangements, from the top (where the coating is poured) to the bottom (contact with the support):

glass grid or textile

glass veil

polyester film.

22. - Complex according to any one of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that it is chosen from the following arrangements, from the top (where the coating is poured) to the bottom (contact with the support):

glass fiber mesh or fabric

glass veil

polyester film

metallic film.

23. - Complex according to any one of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that it is chosen from the following arrangements, from the top (where the coating is poured) to the bottom (contact with the support):

glass grid or textile

glass veil

metallic film

polyester film.

24. - Complex according to any one of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that it is chosen from the following arrangements, from the top (where the coating is poured) to the bottom (contact with the support):

glass veil

strong glue

polyester film strong glue

glass veil.

25. - Complex according to any one of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that it is chosen from the following arrangements, from the top (where the coating is poured) to the bottom (contact with the support):

glass fiber mesh or fabric

metallized polyester film.

26. - Complex according to any one of claims 1 to

polyester film metallized or not

metallic film

glass veil

metallic film

polyester film metallized or not.

27. - Complex according to any one of claims 1 to

multilayer alternation: glass / polyester / glass veil / polyester / glass veil or metallic film.

28. - Complex according to any one of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that it is chosen from the following arrangements, from the top (where the coating is poured) to the bottom (contact with the support):

- a coating of bitumen on the grid of a thermoGollant, bitumen or EVA type, and laying of the film when the fusible is still hot, then cooling.

29. - Complex according to any one of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that it is chosen from the following arrangements, from the top (where the coating is poured) to the bottom (contact with the support):

- coating or calendering of the textile with a thermoplastic requiring the characteristics of the film.

30. - Complex according to any one of claims 1 to 29, characterized in that the mechanical characteristics of the textile or reinforcement grid will be at least 5 kN / m in both directions and at most of the order of 50 to 100 kN / m.

31. - Complex according to any one of claims 1 to 30, characterized in that the film will be made of polyester, for example of Terfane® brand, from 12 to 36 μ, with a resistance to water vapor around 40 g / m ^2/24 h.

32. - A complex according to any one of claims 1 to 30, characterized in that the film is a metallized polyester film whose permeability to water vapor can come down to 1 g / m ^2/24 hours, Claryl brand for example, preferably used at 23 μ.

33. - Process for the production of a complex according to any one of claims 1 to 32, characterized in that it comprises: - a bonding during the production of the grid, just after the combination of warp and weft threads.

34. - A method of producing a complex according to any one of claims 1 to 32, characterized in that it comprises:

- A textile type lamination, that is to say by coating or licking a textile adhesive, then applying the film, then pressurizing by calendering for example and drying or polymerization.

35. - Process for producing a complex according to any one of claims 1 to 32, characterized in that it comprises:

- The application of glue to the film by spraying or spraying, then association of the textile by pressure, or vice versa, the glue being placed on the textile, then the film being applied to the textile.

36. - Method for producing a complex according to any one of claims 1 to 32, characterized in that it comprises:

- a coating of bitumen on the grid of a fusible, bitumen or EVA type, and laying of the film when the fusible is still hot, then cooling.

37. - A method of producing a complex according to any one of claims 1 to 32, characterized in that it comprises:

38. - Method for depositing an “added coating” on a support intended to receive such a coating, such as a casting of asphalt, or of another hot-cast coating, or of a cold-cast coating but with an exothermic reaction, avoiding the formation of blisters of water vapor when said support is wet or wet, characterized in that 'It comprises laying on the support of a complex according to any one of Claims 1 to 37, and optionally the arrangement of several strips of complex with partial overlap or the arrangement of multilayer complexes of the "mille-feuille" type.

39. - A method according to claim 38 characterized in that it comprises a step which consists in interposing between the asphalt and the film a thermally insulating product.

40. - A method according to claim 38 or 39 characterized in that it comprises the casting of one or more layers of hot asphalt, or of another coating added hot, or of a coating cold cast but exothermic reaction.

41. - Applications of the complexes according to any one of claims 1 to 32 or of the method according to any one of claims 33 to 40 to the deposition of an "added coating" on a support of the sidewalk or roofing type or the like.

42. - Application of the complexes according to any one of claims 1 to 32 or of the method according to any one of claims 33 to 40 to the deposition of a coating on all the surfaces whose sealing is to be preserved or restored.

43. - Application of the complexes according to any one of claims 1 to 32 or of the method according to any one of claims 33 to 40 to the deposition of a coating on the internal or possibly external surfaces of pipes, in particular of water, in particular municipal water pipes, pipelines in particular for transporting petroleum or hydrocarbons or water, including in geothermal energy, and in particular pipelines connected to oil exploitation sites, as well as tanks and reservoirs, including water tanks and hydrocarbon tanks on sites petroleum such as refineries, port facilities, fuel depots and the like.

44. - Application of the complexes according to any one of claims 1 to 32 or of the method according to any one of claims 33 to 40 to the deposition of a coating on covering surfaces of any kind, such as roofs of large surfaces, warehouses and similar buildings, parking roofs and terraces of all types and sizes, including terraces of single-family houses.

45. - Ducts, pipelines and covering surfaces characterized in that they comprise at least one coating deposited according to claim 42, 43 or 44.