FR2847651A1 - Thermal insulation panel for buildings has covering film layer projecting beyond at least one edge of insulating material to overlap adjacent panel - Google Patents

Abstract

The insulation panel, having at least one thickness (35) of insulating material of wadding or felted natural or synthetic fibres, has a film layer (1) covering its outer surface and extending beyond at least one of its straight lengthwise edges to form a strip (20) that overlaps the adjacent panel. The covering film layer is of a supple non-woven material with a corrugated, rolled or textured outer surface and is impermeable to water, permeable to vapour and has a reflective metallic coating. The covering film is attached to the insulating material by adhesive or welding at separate points (36). In a variant of the design it can be reinforced with a polymer mesh layer or outer coating.

Description

i i

THERMAL INSULATION MATERIAL

  AND METHOD FOR LAYING SUCH A MATERIAL

  The invention relates to a panel of thermal insulation material intended in particular for insulating buildings, comprising at least one insulating thickness covered by a covering film, said insulating thickness and said covering film being integral. The invention also relates to a method of installing such material panels. The invention applies more particularly to panels of flexible insulation material in strips or possibly in polygonal pieces (square for example), without being limited or to panels of material.

  flexible or to the particular panel shapes mentioned above.

  Today there are two main families of thermal insulation materials for buildings: - so-called thick insulating materials (thickness greater than 15 cm, and very often greater than 20 cm), which generally include a film of cover of polypropylene or Kraft paper, covering an insulating thickness consisting, on the one hand, of a single thick sheet of an inorganic fibrous material such as rock wool or glass wool, or of a vegetable fibrous material such as hemp or flax wool, or an animal fibrous material such as sheep's wool, and, on the other hand, a finishing film (also made of polypropylene or Kraft paper) protecting the tablecloth on the opposite side to the covering film, the covering and finishing films being intended to give the insulation a certain mechanical strength (which the sheet alone does not have) and, if they are waterproof, to protect the groundwater table actually, - the insulating materials known as thin insulators (of thickness less than 10 cm, and very often less than 5 cm), which comprise a metallized covering film covering a multilayer insulating thickness consisting of a succession, alternately, flexible interlayer plies of insulating material and metallized flexible films, the reflectivity of which is used to limit the heat transfers by radiation between the two media separated by the insulator. The interlayer plies are made of a fibrous material (synthetic polyester wadding for example), of cellular foam with closed cells, or else of a bubble material (ply comprising one or more layers of closed pockets of material

  synthetic, measuring 5 to 20 mm in diameter and containing air).

  Thick and thin insulation is used in the building sector to insulate attics, roofs, floors and ceilings. They usually come in the form of strips. Whatever their destination, the thin or thick strips of insulation are placed side by side so as to achieve a more or less continuous stretch of insulation. Depending on the applications, the junction between two adjacent strips of thin insulation is carried out either by juxtaposition edge to edge of the two strips, or by covering the two strips over a width of 5 to 10 cm. Such a covering is recommended to obtain a better airtightness and to maintain suitable thermal insulation performance at the junctions between strips. Due to their thickness, the thick insulation strips are incompatible with laying with

  1 5 overlap, and are therefore juxtaposed edge to edge.

  For the insulation of roof spaces or roofs, the thick strips of insulation are usually posed on floor, in the case of lost roof spaces, or fixed in under face of the rafters of the frame so as to extend between these, in the case of attic. The strips of thin insulation can be placed on the floor, preferably with overlap, fixed on the underside of the rafters so as to extend between or under the latter; they can also be fixed on rafters or on battens or other finishing siding (the strips then being surmounted by counter-battens for

  fixing the battens supporting the roof covering).

  For the insulation of floors, the strips of thin insulation are usually laid with overlap (either directly, or on battens so as to provide an air space) on a wooden floor, a concrete floor or a masonry floor, in the case of a finish of the traditional wood parquet type placed on joists; they are laid edge to edge (and directly) on a concrete floor, a masonry floor or a leveling screed in the case of a finish of the type

  floating floors or electric or radiant electric heated floors.

  For insulating ceilings, the strips of thin insulation are fixed with overlap on the underside of small farmhouses or on wooden battens beneath a concrete floor (in the case of a basement or garage floor through

  example), while the thick strips of insulation are laid edge to edge on the floor.

  Thin insulation is also used to insulate walls or other vertical walls, garage doors, roller shutter boxes, the back of radiators ... For the insulation of walls, the strips of thin insulation are laid taut, with overlap, against an exterior masonry wall to which they are fixed by dots of glue (they are in this case associated with a metal grid to form a self-supporting assembly) or by means of wooden battens so as to provide a blade of between the exterior wall and the insulation. The strips of thin insulation are then covered with an interior facing arranged at a distance from the insulation, of the plasterboard type on a metal frame, plaster tiles, walls

  masonry, masonry briquettes ...

  Whether they overlap or are juxtaposed, the thin or thick strips of insulation are often attached to each other using a flexible adhesive tape, 10 cm wide for example, in order to improve the airtightness of the junctions between strips. The adhesive is preferably hydrophobic

  for a desired waterproof junction.

  However, the inventor has noted that, in the case of an edge-to-edge laying of the strips, and despite the use of such an adhesive, undesirable heat exchanges appear at the junctions of the strips, resulting in significant degradation. of the building's thermal balance. Laying the strips with

  recovery makes it possible to limit the thermal losses observed at said junctions.

  But, as was previously explained, such an installation is not always possible taking into account the additional thickness generated by the covering. She is

  especially incompatible with certain insulators, certain applications, finishes ...

  The invention aims to provide a thermal insulation material in the form of panels (strips for example), and a corresponding laying method, making it possible to obtain, without significant excess thickness, improved thermal insulation.

  at the junctions between adjacent panels of material.

  The invention also aims to provide panels of waterproof material (rainwater, runoff, melted snow, powdery snow) and a method of installing such material panels for

  guarantee perfect watertightness of the joints between panels.

  Another objective of the invention is to provide a material providing the aforementioned advantages and for which the cost price "supplied laid" (this cost comprising all of the costs associated with the manufacture and installation of the material) remains similar to the cost. "supplied supplied" cost of insulation materials

known prior thermal.

  The invention also aims to propose a simple and rapid installation method, making it possible, in certain cases, to halve the usual exposure time.

  waterproof and insulating protection.

  In the following, a material panel designates a piece of material having, when placed on a substantially flat surface, a smaller dimension orthogonal to this surface corresponding to a total thickness of the material, and larger dimensions in a plane parallel to this surface, which delimit two opposite end faces of the panel having any shape. The peripheral contour of a panel or a layer of the panel such as a film, a sheet, a series of films and layers or any other insulating thickness of the material, corresponds to the peripheral contour of a

  section of said panel or of said layer by a plane parallel to this surface.

  The invention relates to a panel of thermal insulation material comprising at least one insulating thickness covered by a film, said covering film, having an external face forming a front face of the panel, said insulating thickness and said covering film being integral, characterized in that said covering film projects from the insulating thickness along at least a nominal portion of the peripheral contour of said thickness, so as to

  forming at least one covering strip for an adjacent panel.

  The invention also relates to a method for installing panels of material according to the invention facing a surface to be insulated, characterized in that the panels of material are laid, which are fixed to a support, facing of said surface, so that each panel forms, with each panel which is adjacent to it, a junction covered with a covering strip and along which the insulating thicknesses of said (adjacent) panels are juxtaposed edge

  on board to form a substantially continuous insulating expanse.

  Note that the expression "placing the panels opposite a surface to be insulated" means either that said panels are applied against said surface, in which case the "support" to which the panels are attached refers to the surface it -same, either that the panels are extended at a distance from the surface, substantially parallel to the latter, in which case the "support" comprises for example rafters and / or battens (the surface being that defined by the covering d '' a roof for example) and / or cleats and / or glue pads and / or cleats or other plastic spacers (for a surface such as

wall, ceiling ...), etc.

  Thus, according to the invention, each covering strip of a panel covers a portion (which is, by definition, the same width as

  said strip) of cover film and insulating thickness of an adjacent panel.

  Advantageously and according to the invention, each covering strip of each panel is glued to the covering film of the adjacent panel which it partially covers. This can be done with an adhesive film, such as roll tape, which is applied to the edge of the cover strip so that a fraction of the width of the tape is stuck on said covering strip and that the other fraction is bonded to the covering film of the adjacent panel. As a variant, the internal face of the covering strip, intended to be applied to the covering film of the adjacent panel, is provided with an adhesive coating, protected, until the panels are installed, by a removable sheet. As a variant, a double-sided adhesive tape is used, which is glued, on the one hand, to the internal face of the covering strip, and

  on the other hand on the cover film of the adjacent panel.

  It should be noted that the expression "nominal portion" above used refers to a portion of the peripheral contour of the insulating thickness of the panel adapted so that, once the panels of material laid according to the invention, all the junctions between panels are normally (except for possible exceptions due to the geometry of the surface to be insulated) covered by

cover strips.

  In a first version of the invention, each panel is in the form of a strip (that is to say of a very long strip) and the covering film projects in projection from the insulating thickness along a longitudinal right lateral edge of said insulating thickness, called covering edge, so as to form a longitudinal right lateral covering strip, the insulating thickness having a longitudinal right lateral edge opposite to the covering edge called simple edge. In other words, the nominal portion, as defined above, of contour

  peripheral of a strip of material corresponds to a longitudinal lateral edge of the strip.

  In a second version of the invention, each panel is in the form of a substantially square part, called a slab, and the covering film extends in projection from the insulating thickness along two straight lateral edges, called overlapping edges, contiguous or opposite of said insulating thickness, so as to form two contiguous or opposite straight side covering strips, the insulating thickness having two other straight side edges called simple edges. In other words, the nominal portion, as defined above, of contour

  peripheral of a material slab corresponds to two lateral edges of the slab.

  Advantageously and according to the invention, to lay a strip or slab, said second panel, adjacent to a strip or slab, said first panel, already laid and fixed to the support and having a free single edge, a covering edge of the second panel is juxtaposed with the free single edge of the first panel, so that the covering strip of said covering edge of the second panel covers a portion of covering film and insulating thickness of the first panel from said single edge. We

  then fixes the second panel to the support.

  Advantageously and according to the invention, to lay a strip or slab, said second panel, adjacent to a strip or slab, said first panel, already laid and fixed to the support and having a free covering edge, a simple edge of the second panel is inserted under the covering strip of the free covering edge of the first panel so as to juxtapose said simple edge of the second panel to said covering edge of the first panel, so that said covering strip of the first panel covers a portion of covering film and insulating thickness of the second panel from said single edge. The second panel is then fixed to the support. Advantageously and according to the invention, the cover film is a flexible film produced from a material chosen from cellulosic materials such as reinforced papers, synthetic materials such as polyesters, polyethers, polyurethanes, polyethylenes, polystyrenes, polychlorides. vinyl, polycarbonates, polypropylenes, polyolefins,

  rayon viscose, mixtures of several of the above materials.

  Its external face is preferably covered with a reflective metallic coating such as aluminum, by vacuum deposition or doubling or coating, so as to have a high reflectivity (this, preferably whatever the incident radiation, its length wave, its angle of incidence, the material of the film, ...). This property makes it possible to limit the fraction of the thermal energy of an incident radiation which is absorbed by the film, and consequently that re-emitted by the film towards the interior of the insulation material as well as the heat exchanges by radiation. results between the two media

separated by the material.

  Advantageously and according to the invention, the covering film is waterproof and permeable to water vapor, and has a breaking strength greater than 150 N. It is preferably a nonwoven, made of a material chosen from polypropylenes, polyesters, viscose rayon, mixtures of several of the aforementioned materials. Its external face is advantageously embossed and / or calendered and / or primed in order to improve the mechanical strength and to reinforce the resistance of the film. It is also advantageously metallized for

  the reasons developed above.

  Such a covering film constitutes a waterproof and resistant film capable of protecting the material and the interior of a building against dust, rain, powdery snow, etc. It therefore fulfills the functions of films known under the name rain screen underlay. Under-roof screens are known which are formed from a sheet reinforcement, coated on both sides with a bitumen sprinkled with non-stick talc, and optionally metallized on one side. There are also known under-roof screens formed from a metallized polyolefin film, provided with a mechanical reinforcement grid and coated with flame-retardant polymers. Known roofing screens are intended for the protection of ventilated roof spaces, or closed roof spaces if they are microperforated (to be permeable to water vapor). These screens are structurally very different from the cover film of the

material according to the invention.

  Thus, in a preferred version, the invention combines a new rain-proof under-roof screen and a thermal insulation material, said to be insulating, the sub-roof screen itself constituting the covering film of the insulation (or vice versa), to obtain a product offering new advantages. Indeed, the combination according to the invention of a roofing screen and of an insulator confers a greater mechanical resistance both to the under-roof screen and to the insulator, facilitates the installation of the insulator (whose mechanical strength is improved by the presence of the screen), considerably reduces the exposure time and the corresponding costs since only one product offering both sealing and thermal insulation is installed, instead of two previously. In this version of the invention, the cover strips are therefore, in addition, waterproof; they allow to realize

  easily joints between waterproof panels.

  Advantageously and according to the invention, the insulating thickness and the covering film are flexible and are fixed to each other by welding or gluing at a limited number of points, called connecting points, isolated and distributed over the area of the

sign.

  It should be noted that, in the panels of known prior insulation material, the insulating thickness and the covering film are either associated by continuous seams, forming thermal bridges over long lengths, or glued over their entire surface. , so that important exchanges appear

  thermal conduction between the cover film and the insulating thickness.

  The insulating thickness and the covering film of a material panel according to the invention are, on the contrary, punctually associated in order to limit the total surface on which they are in conductive contact, as well as the number of bridges

  thermal possibly generated by these contacts.

  Advantageously and according to the invention, the insulating thickness comprises at least one flexible sheet, called perforated sheet, covered on one side at least by a flexible film, said reflective film, having a face which is both reflective and low in emissivity, and / or two low-emissivity faces, and / or two reflective faces, said perforated sheet comprising at least one zone, known as a resistive zone, of greater thermal resistance, in which are passed through lights, called insulating lights, defining an area total opening greater than half the area of the resistive zone, each insulation light containing a volume of gas normally coming into contact with each portion of film facing the insulation light, all of the zones resistives extending over more than half of the area

of the openwork tablecloth.

  Throughout the description, one side of a film of the material according to

  the invention is said to be low-emissivity when it has a directional monochromatic úx, 3 emissivity of less than 0.2 for wavelengths X between 400 and 800 nm - and preferably for wavelengths between 300 and 1000 nm, or even for all wavelengths (gray body) 20, for directions sensiblement substantially orthogonal to said face - and preferably for all directions (isotropic emissivity) -, and for film temperatures

  corresponding to normal conditions of use of the material.

  Furthermore, one face of a film of the material according to the invention is said to be reflective as soon as it has a directional monochromatic pki reflectivity (hemispherical or specular) greater than 0.8 for wavelengths X between 400 and 800 nm - and preferably for wavelengths between 300 and 1000 nm, or even for all wavelengths - for directions i of incident radiation substantially orthogonal to said face - and preferably for all directions d 'incidence-, and for conditions (film temperature, luminance of the incident flux, etc.) normal to the use of the material. The expression "the volume of gas (contained in each of the insulation lights) normally coming into contact with each portion of film opposite the insulation light" means that the volume of gas is at least in contact, d 'one side of the perforated sheet of reflective film over the entire portion of said film delimited by the insulation light. On the other side of the perforated sheet, it is in contact with a portion (also delimited by the insulation light) or with another film if the sheet is covered on both sides by a film, or of a wall to be insulated if the sheet forms a front face of the material panel and is, in use, applied against such a wall or stretched opposite such a wall. Note that each perforated sheet is preferably covered on each side by a flexible reflective film. In other words, under normal conditions of use and implementation of the material panels according to the invention, the volume of gas contained in the insulation lumen is interposed between the two films that the perforated sheet separates ( or between the reflective film covering the sheet and a wall against which it is applied), so that the two films (or the film and the wall) do not come into contact with each other. Any thermal bridge between the two films

  (or between the film and the facing wall) through the insulation light is thus avoided.

  Note that, under normal conditions of use and implementation, the material panels are unfolded, extended substantially flat against a wall or

  parallel to a wall or other substantially planar surface.

  Conversely, when the material panels are folded back on themselves, for transport for example, it is not excluded that, because of their flexibility and the compressibility of the web, two films facing each other touch each other

  through an isolation light.

  The presence of these isolation lights between two successive films has two opposite effects: it causes a decrease in energy exchanges by conduction between the two films, but promotes energy exchanges by radiation between them. The use of a reflective film on at least one side of the sheet makes it possible to partially compensate for the increase in exchanges by radiation. And the inventor has observed a posteriori that these contrary effects 1 1 ultimately result in an improvement in the thermal insulation performance of the material. It should be noted that transfers by radiation through a reflective film as defined above, are limited whatever the side of the film where the hot medium is located, so that the material is effective in summer and winter. Each of the insulation lights is arranged so as to avoid the formation of a thermal bridge through said insulation light. In particular, the dimensions of each insulation light, the thickness of the perforated sheet and the flexibility of each film which covers it, are adapted to avoid any untimely contact (under normal conditions of use and implementation of the panels of material), through said insulation lumen, between the reflective film and

  a film or a wall facing the other side of the perforated sheet.

  Each insulating lumen of an openwork ply advantageously has a maximum dimension less than 10 times the thickness of said openwork ply. The term "dimension of a light" means a dimension of light in a frontal plane of the sheet. The maximum dimension of the light is

  its greatest dimension in such a frontal plane.

  In particular, each perforated sheet advantageously has a thickness of between 3 and 12 mm - preferably of the order of 8 mm -, and each insulation lumen has a maximum dimension comprised

  between 10 and 30 mm - preferably around 20 mm -.

  Advantageously and according to the invention, each openwork ply is a wadding or a felt of a non-woven fibrous material, heat-bonded and / or needled and / or bonded, produced from a material chosen from synthetic materials made of polyester, polyamide. , chlorofibres, artificial materials such as rayon viscose, natural plant materials such as cotton, hemp, linen, animal natural materials such as sheep's wool, mixtures of several of the materials mentioned above. The fibers used can be solid or hollow

  (preferably hollow). They are advantageously elastic.

  The insulating thickness of a panel of material according to the invention advantageously comprises a plurality of plies, perforated or not, and a plurality of flexible films, preferably reflectors, superimposed alternately with said plies. The films inserted between two layers are called intermediate films, as opposed to the cover film and to an opposite film, called the finishing film, which define the two end faces of the material panel. Each intermediate film is preferably made of a synthetic material chosen from polyesters, polyethers, polyurethanes, polyethylenes, polystyrenes, polyvinyl chlorides, polycarbonates, polypropylenes, mixtures of several of the materials mentioned above. Each intermediate film advantageously has at least one face covered with a reflective metallic coating such as aluminum, by vacuum deposition or by doubling or by coating. Such a face is not very emissive and reflective, given the material of the film and

its metallic coating).

  The insulating thickness further comprises a film, called finishing film, having an external face forming a front face of the material panel (opposite to that formed by the covering film). Said finishing film is preferably a nonwoven having a breaking strength greater than N, optionally waterproof and permeable to water vapor, produced from a material chosen from polypropylenes, polyesters and rayon. viscose, polyolefins, mixtures of several of the above materials. Its external face is

  preferably covered with a reflective metallic coating.

  Its external face is also advantageously embossed and / or

  calendared and / or primed to give the film better breaking strength. Alternatively, the finishing film incorporates a mechanical reinforcement grid

  flexible, such as a grid of glass fibers, polyester fibers, polyamide fibers, etc., and has an external face coated with a mechanical reinforcement material chosen from polypropylenes. Note that such a film can also be used as a

cover film.

  As explained above, the various films (intermediate, covering and finishing) and plies of the material are preferably fixed to each other by welding, by ultrasound for example, or by gluing at a limited number of isolated connection points distributed over the area of the panel. If the insulating thickness comprises one or more perforated ply (s), the connection points are advantageously located outside the resistive zones of

each openwork tablecloth.

  Note that a material panel according to the invention preferably has a total thickness of less than 10 cm, and in particular less than cm. The invention also relates to a panel of insulation material and a method of installing panels of insulation material, characterized

  in combination with all or some of the characteristics mentioned above and below10.

  Other objects, characteristics and advantages of the invention

  will appear on reading the following description which refers to the appended figures

  representing preferred embodiments of the invention given solely by way of nonlimiting examples, and in which: - Figure 1 is a schematic perspective view of a strip of material according to the invention, in which a longitudinal strip center of the web was cut and portions of the material were "torn off" to reveal

  certain layers (sheet or film) of the material.

  - Figure 2 is a schematic perspective view of a slab of material according to the invention, - Figure 3 is a schematic perspective view of a

  another slab of material according to the invention.

  The flexible material according to the invention shown in Figure 1 is

  present in the form of a strip of one or more ten (s) meters in length.

  In the following, the term "length" denotes a dimension of an element in a longitudinal direction of the strip, and the term "width" denotes a dimension of the element in a direction, called transverse direction, orthogonal to this longitudinal direction and contained in a frontal plane of the strip. The sheet is arranged rolled up or folded up when transported, and deployed as illustrated in FIG. 1

  when installed for insulation purposes.

  The web of material comprises a reflective cover film 1 and an insulating thickness 35 formed by a succession of films and plies, including a ply 2, an intermediate film 3, a ply 4, an intermediate film 5, a ply 6, a intermediate film 7, a web 8, an intermediate film 9, a web 10 and a reflective finishing film 11. Each of the plies 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 of the insulating thickness is advantageously perforated in order to present an increased overall thermal resistance, just as each of the intermediate films 3, 5, 7, 9 of the thickness 35 is preferably a reflector in order to have a low emissivity and to allow attenuation of heat transfers by radiation

  between the two environments it separates.

  The external face 12 of the covering film 1 constitutes a front face of the strip of material preferably intended to be oriented towards the outside of the building to be insulated, the external face 14 of the finishing film 1 1 constituting the opposite front face of the strip of material, preferably intended to be oriented towards

inside the building.

  The covering film 1 and the finishing film 11 are nonwovens made of polypropylene or polyester, with a surface mass of the order of 90 g / m2.

  The external face 12, 14 of each film 1, 1 1 is embossed over its entire surface (the embossing is only shown in places) and metallized by deposition of aluminum under vacuum. The internal face 13, 15 of each of these films preferably does not have any coating (apart, possibly, from the internal face portion of the cover film 1 corresponding to the covering strip 20, which can be covered with a coating adhesive); its emissivity varies depending on the polymer chosen

  to make the film but remains very weak.

  Such cover and finish films are impermeable to runoff and powdery snow, and permeable to water vapor. They both make particularly resistant rain-proof under-roof screens

  tearing and punching.

  All the films and sheets constituting the insulating thickness 35 have an identical width (defining the width of the insulating thickness), substantially equal to 1500 mm, and are exactly superimposed. The longitudinal side edges 21, 22 of the insulating thickness, formed by the succession of edges

  longitudinal sides of its films and layers, are therefore continuous and planar.

  On the other hand, according to the invention, the width of the covering film 1 is greater than that of the insulating thickness 35, so that said film 1 projects from a longitudinal side edge 21 of said thickness. The cover film 1 preferably measures 1600 mm in width. It therefore forms a covering strip 20 100 mm wide, along and projecting from the edge 21, known as

  overlap edge. The edge 22 of the insulating thickness 35 is said to be a single edge.

  Each intermediate film 9, 7 ... is made of polyether (and in particular polyester), and has a thickness of the order of a hundredth or tenth of a millimeter. Its faces 18, 19 are metallized, by deposition of aluminum under vacuum for example, and therefore have a high reflectivity. Note that it is sufficient that only one side 18 or 19 is metallized to obtain the desired effect of insulation from electromagnetic radiation, and this, summer and winter (that is to say whatever

  the side where the hot environment is located).

  Each ply 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 is preferably pierced with insulating openings 17 regularly distributed over three resistive zones 24 in the form of continuous longitudinal bands, between which extend solid longitudinal bands (i.e. - say free of insulation light). Each resistive zone 24 extends over a width of 400 mm and over the entire length of the strip. The distance (in the transverse direction) between each of the edges 21, 22 and the nearest resistive area 24 is of the order of 100 mm. The distance between two

  resistive zones in the transverse direction is also of the order of 100 mm.

  Each insulation light is circular and has a diameter of the order of 20 min. The distance in the transverse direction between two successive insulation openings is of the order of 10 mm. The transverse rows of insulation lights are staggered: the lights of two successive transverse rows are not facing each other in the longitudinal direction. Alternatively, the transverse rows of insulation lights are aligned in the direction

longitudinal.

  Each openwork ply has a thickness, at rest (that is to say without any pressure exerted on either side of the ply), of the order of 8 mm. The tablecloths are preferably polyester wadding, of mass

  surface area between 80 and 120 g / m2.

  The covering film 1 and the various films and plies of the insulating thickness 35 are fixed to each other by ultrasonic welding at a few connection points distributed over the area of the strip outside the resistive zones 24. In particular, points of lateral links 36 are produced in each of the two lateral solid strips (each lateral full strip extending between an edge 21, 22 and the resistive zone 24 adjacent to said edge); and central connecting points (not visible in the figures) are produced in each of the two central solid strips (each central solid strip extending between two consecutive resistive zones 24 in the transverse direction). The lateral connection points 36 are preferably made in the middle of said solid lateral strips, that is to say 50 mm from the edges 21, 22. Similarly, the central connection points are preferably made in the middle of the strips solid central, that is to say 50 mm from each of the neighboring resistive zones 24. The distance separating two lateral connection points 36, in the longitudinal direction, is of the order of 200 mm. The distance between two

  central connecting points, in the longitudinal direction, is of the order of 400 mm.

  The two rows of lateral connection points 36 are made so that said lateral points 36 are aligned in the transverse direction. The two rows of central connecting points are made so that said central points are staggered (i.e. not aligned) in the transverse direction, and so that they are also staggered (in the transverse direction) with dots

side link 36.

  At each connection point, the thickness of the material is

  the order of a few millimeters due to the compression of the plies by the weld.

  At a distance from the connection points, the thickness of the material varies, at rest (that is to say when the material is placed unstretched on a flat surface and undergoes no pressure force), between 40 and 60 mm. These values are greater than the sum of the thicknesses of all the constituent layers (films and sheets) of the material. Indeed, not being bonded together, two successive layers only touch in small areas around the connection points. At a distance from said connection points, when the material is at rest, the two successive layers are separated by a more or less thick air layer contributing to the thermal insulation performance of the material. When laying the material, the material should not be stretched forcibly, in order to fix it in a state as close as possible to its resting state, and thus to preserve air gaps between the different layers of the material. Note that in the stretched state (that is to say when tension forces are exerted on either side of the web in the transverse and / or longitudinal directions), the material has a thickness which can vary from 20 to 40 mm, and thermal insulation properties which remain quite

  satisfactory and prove to be better than those of previous materials.

  So that the covering film 1 and the finishing film 11, both reflectors, fully fulfill their role of barrier against thermal radiation, the strips of material are preferably placed so that an air space is provided, ventilated or no, on each front face 12, 14 of the material. The external face 12 of the covering film 1 is preferably oriented towards the outside of the building in all applications for which the material is liable to undergo accidental runoff of rainwater or melted snow. Thus, the cover strips prevent runoff from infiltrating the junctions between strips, and not only protect

  the interior of the building but also the insulating thickness of the material.

  In any event, the strips of material according to the invention are normally laid so that the external face of the covering film is oriented towards the person laying the material, in order to facilitate the operation of bonding each strip. overlap to the covering film of the adjacent strip. When the strips are placed on rafters or on battens, the covering film 1 is therefore advantageously oriented towards the outside of the building. Note that, for the insulation of a roof or a vertical wall, the strips can be arranged vertically or horizontally. The first strip is laid in the usual way and regularly stapled to the support (battens, rafters, small farms, battens, floor ...). If necessary, the longitudinal ends of the strip are cut using a conventional cutter. The next strip, called the second strip, is laid so that its covering edge 21 comes into contact with the single edge (such as 22) of the first strip, and its covering strip 20 covers the covering film (such as 1) of the first strip. As a variant, the second strip is laid so that its single edge 22 comes into contact with the covering edge (such as 21) of the first strip, and the covering strip (such as 20) of the first strip covers its covering film. 1. The

  -10 second strip is then regularly stapled to the support against which it is applied.

  The covering strip 20 of the second strip (or as a variant of the first strip) is then glued to the first strip (respectively the second strip). To this end, the internal face 13 of the covering film 1 is coated with an adhesive coating at the level of the covering strip 20 (and only in this zone), protected by a removable sheet. Once the second strip is stapled, the sheet is removed and the covering strip of the second strip (or of the first) is pressed against the front face of the first strip (respectively, of the second strip). Note that, given the flexibility of the covering film 1, the covering strip 20 of a strip is easily folded down in order to adjust the relative position of the corresponding covering edge and of the single edge of the adjacent strip, or peel off the sheet protecting the coating

adhesive of said strip.

  FIG. 2 represents a slab 38 of material according to the invention, the covering film of which forms two opposite covering strips 26, 27. The first slab is laid in the usual way. The second slab is arranged so that its covering edge 41 comes into contact with a single free edge such as 39 of the first slab, and that its covering strip 26 partially covers said first slab. As a variant, the second slab is arranged so that its simple edge 39 comes into contact with a free covering edge such as 42 of the first slab, and that the covering strip

  such that 27 of the first slab partially covers said second slab.

  FIG. 3 illustrates another slab 25 of material according to the invention, the covering film 34 projecting from the insulating thickness formed by the plies 31 and 33 and the films 30 and 32, along two contiguous sides

  of the slab, so as to form two overlapping bands 28, 29 contiguous.

  As before, when a first slab is laid, a second slab is arranged so that one of its covering edges comes into contact with a single free edge of the first slab, and its corresponding covering strip

  partially covers the first slab.

  It goes without saying that the invention can be the subject of numerous variants with respect to the embodiments previously described and represented in the figures. In particular, the number, nature, thickness, dimensions, etc. of the sheets (with bubbles, in fibrous material or in foam, perforated or not) and films constituting the insulating thickness of the material are not limited to those of the illustrated embodiments. Similarly, any cover film other than that described with reference to the figures is in accordance with the invention as soon as it has a strip of

covering according to the invention.

Claims (13)

  1 / - Panel of thermal insulation material comprising at least one insulating thickness (35) covered by a film (1), said covering film, having an external face (12) forming a front face of the panel, said insulating thickness and said cover film being integral, characterized in that said cover film (1) projects from the insulating thickness (35) along a nominal portion of a peripheral contour of said thickness, so as to   forming at least one strip (20) covering an adjacent panel.   2 / - material panel according to claim 1, in the shape of a strip, characterized in that the cover film (1) projects from the insulating thickness (35) along a side edge (21) longitudinal right of said insulating thickness, called covering edge, so as to form a strip (20) of longitudinal straight side covering, the insulating thickness having an edge   (22) longitudinal right lateral opposite the overlapping edge called single edge.   3 / - Material panel according to claim 1, in the form of a slab, characterized in that the covering film projects in projection from the insulating thickness along two straight lateral edges (41, 42), called edges of overlapping, contiguous or opposite of said insulating thickness, so as to form two strips (26, 27) of straight lateral contiguous or opposite overlaps, the insulating thickness   having two other straight side edges (39, 43) called simple edges.   4 / - Material panel according to one of claims 1 to 4,   characterized in that the cover film (1) is waterproof and permeable to water vapor, and has a breaking strength greater than 150 N.   / - Material panel according to one of claims 1 to 4,   characterized in that the cover film (1) is a flexible nonwoven produced from a material chosen from polypropylenes, polyesters, viscose rayon, mixtures of several of the abovementioned materials, and in that its external face (12) East   embossed and / or calendared and / or primed.   6 / - Material panel according to one of claims 1 to 5,   characterized in that the outer face (12) of the cover film is covered with a reflective metallic coating   7 / - material panel according to one of claims 1 to 6,   characterized in that the insulating thickness (35) and the covering film (1) are flexible and are fixed together by welding or gluing in a limited number of   points (36), said connecting points, isolated and distributed over the area of the panel.   8 / - Panel of flexible material according to one of   Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the insulating thickness (35) comprises at least   at least one flexible sheet (10), called perforated sheet, covered at least on one side by a flexible film (9), said reflective film, having a face that is both low-emissivity and very reflective and / or two low-emissivity faces / or two highly reflective faces, said perforated sheet comprising at least one zone (24), called a resistive zone, of greater thermal resistance, in which through-holes are made (17), called insulation lights, defining a total area with an opening greater than half the area of the resistive zone, each insulation light (17) containing a volume of gas normally coming into contact with each portion of film opposite the insulation light, the assembly resistive zones (24) extending over more than   half the area of the openwork tablecloth.   9 / - Material panel according to claims 7 and 8,   characterized in that the connection points (36) are located outside the areas   resistive of each openwork ply.   10 / - Material panel according to one of claims 8 or   9, characterized in that each insulation lumen (17) of an openwork ply (10) has a maximum dimension less than 10 times the thickness of said openwork ply. 1   11 / - Material panel according to one of claims 8 to   10, characterized in that each perforated ply (10) has a thickness of between 3 and 12 mm, and in that each insulation lumen (17) has a   maximum dimension between 10 and 30 mm.   12 / - Method of laying, facing a surface to be insulated,   material panels according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that   the panels of material are placed, which are fixed to a support, facing the surface, so that each panel forms, with each panel which is adjacent to it, a junction covered with a covering strip and along which the insulating thicknesses of said panels are juxtaposed edge to edge to form   a substantially continuous insulating area.   13 / - Method according to claim 12, characterized in that, to lay a strip or a slab of material, said (e) second panel, adjacent (e) to a strip or a slab of material, said (e) first panel , already placed and fixed to the support and having a free single edge, a covering edge of the second panel is juxtaposed with the free single edge of the first panel, so that the covering strip of said covering edge of the second panel covers a portion of cover film and insulating thickness of the first panel from said single edge.   14 / - Method according to claim 12, characterized in that, to lay a strip or a slab of material, said (e) second panel, adjacent (e) to a strip or a slab of material, said (e) first panel , already placed and fixed to the support and having a free covering edge, a single edge of the second panel is inserted under the covering strip of the free covering edge of the first panel so as to juxtapose said simple edge of the second panel to said covering edge of the first panel, so that said covering strip of the first panel covers a portion of covering film   and of insulating thickness of the second panel from said single edge.   / - Method according to one of claims 12 to 14,   characterized in that each covering strip of each panel is glued   to the cover film of the adjacent panel which it partially covers.