FR2792667A1 - Multi-layer insulation material, especially for habitable loft rooms, has different layers to prevent transmission of heat, noise and damp - Google Patents

Abstract

The insulation material consists of a series of juxtaposed and sealed layers, including black film (1), bubble film (2), solid aluminium film (3), soundproof layers (4), double-sided metallised reflective film (5), wadding (6), cellular separating layers (7), wool or other natural or synthetic fibre layers (8) and a protective and reinforcing mesh layer (9). The bubble film layers have bubbles measuring 0.8 - 4 mm in depth and 2 - 5 mm in diameter, spaced at least 8 mm apart to reduce contact points.

Description

The present invention relates to an insulating complex intended for insulation

  inhabited residential buildings and occupied premises, which will be able not only to reduce heat losses from the inside to the outside, but also to provide good protection against excess heat particularly noted in roofing in summer, while creating a regulation of the phenomena of variation of hygroscopicity and humidity at

inside the occupied building.

  The insulation of buildings is traditionally carried out with fibrous insulation: asbestos wool, rock wool, glass wool, ceramic wool, etc ...,

  lo whose disadvantages are beginning to be well known.

  In fact, these fiber blankets are completely porous so that the slightest difference in temperature induces significant convective movements inside; in case of wind these insulators offer no resistance since the air slides between the fibers and takes away all the heat, these fiber blankets are also particularly hygroscopic so that they absorb moisture,

  which completely reduces their insulating characteristics.

  Cellular materials are also known (polystyrene, polyurethane, etc.); these materials have less disadvantages than mineral wools but still have the disadvantage of thickness, because they stop first

  The energy transmitted by conduction.

  Traditional insulation materials offer no protection against

  water leaks still present under roofs.

  Traditional materials completely ignore radiation transmissions; these additional materials are perfectly suited for insulating laboratory bench tops, but are not primarily designed for the building industry. Indeed, the standards stipulate that the materials must be homogeneous; however in a building homogeneity is rarely obtained. The standards stipulate that the heat exchange must be stationary; however in a building the exchanges of heat are never neither stationary, nor unidirectional, neither constant, nor permanent. The standards provide that the insulation will be dried beforehand; which makes it possible to obtain in the laboratory, insulation characteristics which have nothing to do with those which one notes on the building o quickly the insulators

are humidified.

  We also know that in a particular inhabited dwelling house, 60% of

  the energy for heating is consumed by the roof.

  We know that the financial powers dominating the market, have succeeded in imposing the conditions of laboratory measurements, not significant of the conditions

  real use in an inhabited dwelling.

  It is known that the traditional thermal insulators used for the insulation of inhabited roofs, present a certain number of defects or insufficiencies not allowing them to reduce the heat transfers in all the

  operating conditions of an inhabited residential roof.

  For example: a roof is always high and therefore has a grip on the

strong wind.

  The wind pressure introduces cold air through all the joints of the insulation

exposed to the wind.

  Symmetrically, the depression noted on the roof located back to the wind, extracts the hot air through all the inevitable cracks and connections not only between the panels or rolls of insulation, but also at all connections

  with the elements of the building: peripheral walls, frames, peaks, etc.

  For example: whatever one says, whatever one does, a roof is always sooner or later the place of water leaks; Water permanently degrades hydrophilic fibrous insulators such as glass wool, rock wool, etc.: these leaks cause

  dirt in the interior of the house.

  If the cellular insulators: polystyrene, polyurethane, are less sensitive to these inevitable defects of the roofs, they nevertheless lose part of their

  characteristics when wet.

  The experience of the site shows that it is extremely difficult to locate the leak from the inside: repairing the leak in most cases requires 1o to uncover much larger areas than those

  the leak; o intervention and risk of creating new leaks.

  All roofing professionals who have experience of the site, know that the insulators located under the roof are inevitably and constantly the place of

  same condensations as those encountered above the cover.

  s5 Thus, whatever one does, the thermal insulation of the roofs are maintained in a state of permanent humidity; which has several serious drawbacks: not only rotting of the frame, but the creation of a humid environment

  favorable to the proliferation of xylophages.

  Certainly, there are waterproofing screens for roofs.

  Not only does the installation of these sealing screens significantly increase the price, but above all these sealing screens require the presence of a ventilated air layer which does not eliminate the inevitable condensations noted under

  a roof of an inhabited dwelling.

  These sealing screens generally consist of bituminous nonwoven.

  The connection of the strips to each other is practically impossible.

  Polyethylene screens are also generally used, and loaded to reduce the cost price; the usual adhesives available

  on the market do not adhere to this type of films.

  The difference in rigidity between the screen and the adhesive tape inevitably causes the adhesive tape to peel off, therefore degrading the seal. Another example: The insulation used in roofing is not intended to be

  absorbing radiation inevitably emitted from the underside of tiles in summer.

  Traditional insulators stop energy by absorbing it, and thanks to their low

  mass, transmitting it slowly.

  Reflective insulators which do not absorb

  all the radiation, but return it.

  Welding heterogeneous materials together is practically impossible.

  The insulating material according to the present intention makes it possible to remedy these drawbacks while providing a result of reduction of overall heat transfers and of comforts in buildings, completely unknown and

impossible until then.

  For this, the insulating complex according to this patent, presents a succession of innovations which may perhaps seem minor in their details, but

  the whole of which ensures quite astonishing results.

  This insulating complex first uses the idea of constituting a succession of strata composed of metallized or metallic non-emitting reflective films, playing the role not only of separators, but of disturbers of the residual and differential radiation between the different strata and the different layers.

of metallic films.

  The insulators comprising metallized films until now, used

  polyester films metallized on a surface.

  Polyester has a big disadvantage is that it retains moisture much better than the hydrophobic polyolefin films that are currently manufactured,

  such as in particular polypropylene.

  Polypropylene exists in bi-oriented polypropylene, which has the drawback of tearing, and in a special manufacture, exists in cast polypropylene which has the extraordinary advantage of not tearing, but above all of remaining viscous when melted ; which makes welding much easier. All the insulators with interior reflective films, until then used metallized films on one side; the present invention claims the idea of metallizing the films on two sides, which increases the characteristics of

  non-emissivity and reflectivity.

  We know that a reflector works not only because it is

  reflector, but also because it is non-emitting.

  i We also know that energy works in both directions, so the film must be a non-emitting reflector on both sides; only the metallization two

faces must bear this result.

  It is interesting to use two-sided metallized cast polypropylene films, because these materials are flexible and provide very good

  conformability of the product in the implementation, particularly under

  roofs. It goes without saying that without departing from the scope of this patent, it will be possible to use

  films of any other metallizable support, or even films of solid metal.

  For a number of years, there have been multilayer thermal insulators on the market such as those invented by the inventor of the present patent where polyester wadding was used as separators; so we had a thermal insulator made up of a reflective film, a polyester wadding, a

  reflective film, polyester wadding, reflective film, etc.

  These products were satisfactory, but recent studies have shown that it is extremely advantageous to have the separators between the reflective films, and that these layers are as different as possible in their

radiathermic properties.

  It seems indeed that a reflector will be all the more effective, that it will have a more

  large proportion of radiation to be returned.

  So if we use almost transparent wadding like polyester wadding, we would seem to have less radiation to return than if we use

  much less transparent products.

  By using non-transparent separators, the differential energies observed between the two faces of the reflective films are increased. There is therefore the greatest interest in increasing the radiathermal disturbance between the different reflective films, using wadding and separators which are as heterogeneous as possible. This allows in particular to increase the elasticity, the mechanical resilience useful for a building insulation, and thus to respond to

  particularly difficult installation or use conditions.

  The heterogeneity of the layers and of the materials constituting the wadding can be sought in the choice of the material of the fibers, the color of the fibers, and the texture of the fibers of the diameter of the orientation of the characteristics.

  of fibers or separators used.

  The use of wadding as before, had certain drawbacks and in particular that the wadding can be crushed very easily, which

  can always be an annoying thermal bridge.

  To avoid this defect, the present invention claims the idea of adding, in addition to wadding, layers of foam of thin alveolar plastic, and in particular instead of using a foam of massive thickness of 3 mm, we found that we have much more interesting results if we use

  two thicknesses of 1.3 or better still three thicknesses of 0.8.

  In addition, these very thin layers of foam are much more easily conformable in their use and in their implementation, to follow the

structural irregularities.

  The present invention also claims an improvement which is certainly minor, but which significantly increases the results, instead of using the overall results of reduction in heat transfers: instead of using 1o foams of smooth cellular plastic material, corrugated foam foams. Thus, there are irregularities in the emission of radiathermal radiations which go in all directions and have more

chances of falling into interference.

  Another originality of the present intention is to use materials

  different alveoli from one layer to the next.

  Without being able to explain why, there is a better reduction in heat transfers when two different materials are used side by side; for example we have better results if we use a layer of polyethylene foam and a layer of polystyrene foam superimposed, than if we use two layers of polyethylene foam or two layers of foam

  polystyrene superimposed of the same thickness.

  The combination of foams and wadding gives particularly remarkable results, not only because of thermo-radiative heterogeneity, mechanical heterogeneity, but especially because without anyone knowing why, it seems that the use of foams and wadding, gives greater continuity in the results of reductions in heat transfer over a longer period

wide range of temperatures.

  In the case of wadding and fibrous materials, fibrous materials were used until then which were glued by spraying with urea glue.

  formalin, formalin, phenol, acetate and others.

  The disadvantage of these adhesives is that they take moisture and degrade over time and variations in humidity. We will therefore use according to the present invention, to bind the fibers together, the thermobonding technique; for this, instead of introducing glue, we distribute

  regularly in the wadding, fibers or particles of thermally

  fuses such as polyester, polypropylene, and other hydrophobic or plastic materials existing in fibers; these heterogeneous fibers having the advantage

  also to have different thermo-radiative properties.

  Particularly interesting fibers are made up of two layers of

  plastic material extruded together into fibers such as: co-polyester, co-

  polyamide, co-polyolefin; technique consisting of extruding another layer of materials with very low melting points around a fiber of selected materials; there are thus two-component fibers, the outside of which ensures the bonding by welding of the fibers to one another, and the inside of the mechanical characteristics.

and different radiothermals.

  in this vein, the present invention claims the completely new idea

  use thermobonded sheep's wool.

  Until then, we knew how to make wadding and mattresses of sheep wool by mechanical fixing by needling or gluing, but we had never used a mixture of hot-melt fibers incorporated in sheep wool,

  so that the sheep's wool fibers can be tied together.

  Sheep wool is indeed particularly interesting because of its characteristics of thermal insulation, fire stability, and especially of maintenance

of constant humidity.

  Sheep wool is interesting because it is a well-known fiber, but it is obvious that all fibers can be used without departing from the present invention.

whatever animal.

  It is also possible to use as separators, layers of transparent bubble films generally made of polyethylene. The bubble films generally used have a bubble of 7 mm in diameter for a thickness of 5 mm; the present invention claims the new idea of using, for the thermal insulation of the building, very thin bubble films

for thermal insulation.

  Indeed, according to the present intention, what matters is not the overall thickness, but it is the space existing between the different surfaces of which the

  radiation must go out to transmit energy.

  Thus, we will preferably use bubble films whose thickness will be 0.8 to 4 mm, with a diameter between 2 and 5 mm and if possible by spacing the bubbles, so as to have the minimum of contact points. possible, to reduce conduction transmissions and increase radiation transmissions. An optimum space for the bubble space is to have bubbles separated by 8 mm. It has also been found without being able to explain why, that the use of a plastic bubble film loaded with black dye, gives rise to

  better results than using a simple transparent bubble wrap.

  You have to think that it is because a black film increases the differential radiathermic energy, and therefore the reflectivity potential of metallized films or

reflectors present.

  O10 In order to increase the comfort provided by the thermal insulators which are the subject of this patent, it is claimed the new idea to add a thin insulator

phonic energy absorber.

  We will thus use for the first time, a sound insulating separator which will also fulfill the role of thermal insulating separator. As previously exposed in the thermal domain, we also note that we have a better result if we use the most heterogeneous materials possible; we see that we have a better reduction in phonic and other energy transfers, if the materials, the structures, the colors, the diameters, o10 the compositions, the orientations of the fibers of the soundproofing mattresses and

  others, are as different as possible.

  As with thermal insulation foam, it is more advantageous to have two thin layers than one layer with a thickness equivalent to two

  thin layers, without being able to explain why.

  One of the characteristics of this patent is that the material includes a certain number of accessories intended to make it particularly suitable for the contingencies of use in inhabited dwellings. We know in particular that a roof is never waterproof and that sooner or later a roof will leak; all the thermal insulation of the building currently in existence is

  destroyed or seriously damaged by the arrival of a water leak.

  The present invention therefore claims the idea of installing above the insulation itself.

  even, a material that is completely waterproof and mechanically strong to also be able to resist gusts of wind and other forces due to the

  implementation by the staff available on the building.

  One of the innovative features of this patent is that we also claim the idea of using a completely black film over a reflective film.

under the roof.

  ll Until then, a reflective film was used in the sub-roofs which reflected the

  radiation towards the tile or towards the slate.

  These reflective films were quickly tarnished and lost a good part of

their characteristics.

  The present invention claims the completely original idea of using a black film

  directly under the roof and under the roof.

  So this film noir sees the slate directly, and directly receives the

  infrared radiation emitted by the tile or roof.

  This black film absorbs this radiation and heats up very quickly; being hotter it will communicate its heat by conduction to the air present, the air will expand, become lighter and will begin a movement of natural convection; this will constitute a greater air circulation under the roof; this air circulation will dissipate the heat absorbed by both the tile and the black film. Thus, the insulator will bring a reduction of the absorbed heat therefore a

  better comfort in the attic and building elements located below.

  For this, the best is to use a black film loaded with carbon black or

  tar, each of which knows the sealing characteristics.

  We know that a roof is tSt or late caused to leak, that the condensations in the sub-roofs are important, and that there can be introductions of humidity in the form of rising powdery snow, spray or rain during a thunderstorm. No film is completely waterproof in the long term to this kind of penetration

humidity and condensation.

  The present invention claims the completely original idea of having below these protective films, a simple bubble film which comprises a

  succession of roughness and protuberances.

  In the event of leaks or the introduction of water, the liquid may flow between these protuberances without being absorbed and reach the bottom of the roof or the gutter without remaining in place, maintaining an always harmful humidity and

  prejudicial to the building, particularly to the frame.

  Indeed, repeated experiments have shown us that the vapor humidity tends to condense behind the insulators, particularly in sub-roofs due to the very significant temperature variations. The plastic films generally used, even metallized, are not completely waterproof; the present invention therefore claims the completely new idea

  1o to install a massive metallic film.

  Admittedly, aluminum films have been used for some time as a barrier.

  steam, but we never had the idea of leaving the two sides of these aluminum films free so that we could use not only their sealing characteristics, but especially to take advantage of the non-emitting reflective characteristics of aluminum. It goes without saying that these metal films may have their surfaces protected from corrosion by any means known to those skilled in the art. The present invention also claims the idea of protecting metallic films by using a layer of plastic or material which can be fusible and weldable so as to be able to ensure the connection with the

other components.

  One of the characteristics of residential buildings and occupied premises is that indoor humidity conditions vary constantly due to the release of humidity caused by any human activity or the presence of living beings. To compensate for the presence of this humidity and prevent it from penetrating into materials, traditional insulators are content to install a more or less effective vapor barrier; we know the ineffectiveness of tarred papers which serve mainly as mechanical supports for glass wool, and the ineffectiveness of other vapor barriers used on cellular materials. We also know that moisture penetrates the sides in the usual mineral fibrous insulations, so that very quickly they lose a very large

  part of their insulating characteristics.

  The present invention claims the idea of taking account of variations in humidity in order not only to preserve the insulation from humidity, but to ensure regulation

interior of the house.

  For this, the layer closest to the house located inside, will be made of a mattress of fibers or non-hydrophobic products, susceptible

  to absorb and restore a certain amount of moisture.

  For reasons not yet explained, it turns out that sheep's wool has

  quite interesting characteristics of humidity regulation.

  In fact, when you have a layer of sheep wool inside, the humidity in the room air is practically constant. We have no other insulation apart from hemp which seems to be able to give

such regularity.

  In order to maintain the most regular relative humidity possible, there will be placed on the lower layer of the insulation, according to the present intention, a layer of hydrophilic material, and particularly animal wool such as

sheep wool.

  The advantage of putting in place a layer of sheep wool is that there is also a total absence of static electricity, a good reduction in electromagnetic charges since the charges and possible voltages observed when it is dry , are eliminated by metallized or waterproof metallic films near hydrophilic materials put in place thanks

  the attachment methods described later.

  The disadvantage of the installation of animal wool in the form of very light wadding, is its fragility and the risk of destruction during the installation, or handling. To compensate for this defect and this fragility, the present invention claims the completely new idea of placing above the sheep's wool a grid of plastic material; this grid of plastic or any other material, will have a mesh with a minimum opening of 5 mm and maximum of 50

  mm with a preference for a mesh of 10 to 12 mm approximately.

  To eliminate the electrostatic charges which may appear inside the room, it is obvious that we will need an electrically conductive material; a metallic film gives all satisfaction in this direction. The hydrophilic mattress has the drawback of remaining wet, and therefore of risking rapidly deteriorating the metallized films. This is the reason why the present invention claims the idea of having a metallic film of solid metal as

  the aluminum just behind the sheep's wool.

  In order to be able to ensure the welding described later, this metallic film will be complexed with a film of fusible and weldable material. We also know that

  Aluminum is very fragile and tears, and it needs to be complexed.

  The material for lamination and reinforcement of aluminum is therefore used as a welding material and as a material for protecting aluminum against corrosion. One of the weaknesses of the traditional insulators observed, is the impossibility of obtaining airtightness. So everyone says when there is wind: it's cold, and ordinary materials: glass wool, rock wool, polystyrene or polyurethane sheets, do not allow to obtain an absolute seal against drafts. air, wind, wind inspection and wind detection. The present invention compensates for this weakness, for this we will have on each side of each strip, a fastening system for fixing one strip to the other, and thus we will have a seal not only to the water of

  runoff, but to air currents, water vapor, condensations.

  This hanging and fixing system from one strip to the other may be a double-sided adhesive tape; one side of the double-sided adhesive being fixed on the black film above, the other side of the adhesive being protected by a paper

  io protection that just need to be removed at the time of installation.

  In an elaborate version of the present invention, the fastening system may consist of a hook-and-loop tape such as velcro or any other system of hook-and-loop tape, with preference for the use of a hook and a nonwoven velvet mesh; nonwoven velvet offers the advantage of being economical, but the major drawback of not being able to be used several times. In our particular case, it is very interesting to have the strongest mechanical fixation in order to be able to use the product only once. For

  this, the best is to use a velvet whose loop has not been cut.

  We will have on the left side of the insulation, for example a strip of 5 cm and on the other side for example a strip of 10 cm; the most economical product

  being delivered in the widest width.

  The assembly of the various components of this type of insulation has so far been carried out by multi-needle sewing machines. This type of fixing has the disadvantage that the products are perforated; each hole being the possible place of introduction either of runoff water coming from the leaks of the

  roof, or condensation water from atmospheric variations.

  The present invention claims the idea of using solder for assembling the various components together; welding has the obvious and definitive advantage of eliminating all possible water and air penetration both in the thickness of the product and from the side. We can use all types of existing welds, the principle of welding consists of heating the components together so that the material melts and becomes liquid, adheres to

main products.

  It goes without saying that if you use sheep's wool, you will not be able to obtain the weld; it is also known that certain materials cannot be welded together. For this, the present invention claims the idea of adding and incorporating fusible materials remaining viscous which can thus interpenetrate the non-weldable products to ensure an interlocking of the

  weldable layers through non-weldable layers.

  The present invention claims in particular the use of cast polypropylene due to the fact that this material melts at low temperature, and has a very high viscosity; thus it does not leak under the pressure of the welding head, but remains in place. It also offers the advantage of being completely insensitive to the heating modes of the welding heads, whether by induction, by high frequency, by ultrasound, by microwave or by any other means; it seems to be sensitive only to heat given off elsewhere. It is therefore the heat given off by the components present, which melts the welding tape. This property is even more marked when using a

  additional ribbon and that this ribbon is metallized or metallic.

  To facilitate the welding of the assembly and the association of the various components, the present invention claims the new idea of adding just at the place of the welds, a ribbon of additional material which is put in place.

  only to allow soldering.

  This therefore makes it possible to have no expensive additional material intended for

  welding, only where you need to weld.

  Without departing from the scope of the present invention and in accordance with a preceding claim, it goes without saying that a strip of fusible material, for example polypropylene cast, which has a

  high viscosity as soon as it starts to melt.

  It is also possible to use a metallized or metallic film ribbon which offers the completely new advantage of energizing the waves which are sent for welding. It seems to be due to the presence of metal which seems better

  absorb and distribute the energy of the weld.

  The advantage also of using a metallic tape, is that it is found that the soldering does not cause the cutting or cutting of the components

under the welding head.

  We also know that moisture tends to enter the edges of all insulators, the present invention is characterized in that the insulating complex will be completely welded on the edges and completely sealed, thus moisture will not be able to penetrate laterally in the insulation and destroy them

characteristics.

  be so as to be able to hold the components together over a large width, the present invention claims the idea of only welding the center by points

  successive so as to reduce thermal bridges.

  It is known that welding systems, such as ultrasonic welding, are very often used for cutting materials. The use of standard ultrasound heads causes the same defect and considerably reduces the mechanical characteristics of the weld. To avoid this difficulty, the present invention claims the new idea of making the drive welding wheels; thus the energy of the weld is transmitted to the material without any

  effort that could cause cutting.

  To further avoid the risk of cutting, the present invention claims the idea of notching the rotary knobs, so instead of having a continuous line of welds, there is a succession of points separated by non-welded zones; the points being obtained by the point of the rollers and the zones not welded by

  the notched gap of the solder wheels.

  The present invention also claims the idea of activating the anvil of the energy-generating heads; precise adjustment allows the anvil of the welding head to resonate with the main head. This is particularly interesting in the context of the welding of the complex described in this patent, because of its heterogeneity. It is indeed necessary that the energy of the weld is equivalent and symmetrical on each side, and this is possible with a resonant anvil head which makes it possible to obtain a synergy of the frequencies and the wavelengths induced, so that l is perfectly adapted to the physical characteristics of the materials of the complex

welding.

R E / C9 1

Claims (32)

  1 / Healthy, non-mineral and complete insulating complex against the cold and especially the hot, not thick, non-homogeneous, polystrates, reducing all heat transfer energy, particularly non-stationary, non-unidirectional, non-constant, non-permanent, transfers such that present in inhabited dwellings as well as in the premises used, humidity transfers, insulating complex and regulator of changes of state and the comforts of inhabited dwellings particularly intended for the insulation of walls, places of heat exchanges mainly by radiation such as under the roofs of habitable attics and more generally inhabited dwellings or premises with non-stationary thermal characteristics, thermal insulation of the building characterized in that on the one hand it is constituted by Il1: a plural and heterogeneous succession of metallic films or metallized non-electrostatic electrically conductive, ref readers and / or not emitters of radiathermic radiation, 2 1 :: that between these films are arranged mechanical separating materials themselves amplifiers of the differential radiathermic energies present between the reflective / non-emitting films, 3 1: in front and behind these films are added complementary elements to enhance the intrinsic performance of the insulation itself, particularly in the area of comfort, and further characterized in that these components are joined together to be able to be used in the building and resist and do not not be degraded by the constraints of the building, in particular the inevitable humidity and   mechanical efforts of installation and use.   2 / insulating complex according to claim 1 characterized in that the reflective films / not   transmitters are made up of metallized films on one or both sides.   3 / insulating complex according to claim 1 and 2 characterized in that the reflective / non-emitting film or films are made of hydrophobic films such as polypropylene and particularly cast polypropylene metallized on their two faces   4 / insulating complex according to the preceding claims characterized in that the materials   separators are very different in their radiathermic properties from one layer to another so as to increase the differential energy observed between the two faces of the non-emitting reflective films I enclosing the separator concerned, these separators also having elasticity characteristics and of optimal mechanical strength and complementary from one layer to another in order to meet the requirements of a complete insulation for the application on roofs or whenever   We have difficult installation or use conditions.   51 insulating complex according to the preceding claims characterized in that the separators   are composed of fibers with the most heterogeneous radiathermic characteristics possible, for example a plural and heterogeneous mixture of fibers of materials, colors,   textures of diameters, orientations, different characteristics. L0 2   6 / insulating complex according to the preceding claims characterized in that the separators   may consist of several thin layers of corrugated cellular materials instead of a single single layer whose total thickness would be the addition of the thicknesses of the same cellular material.   7 / insulating complex according to the preceding claims characterized in that the materials   cellular materials used for the separators will be cellular materials different from one layer to the next.   8 / insulating complex according to the preceding claims characterized in that the separators   may consist of one or more layers of fibrous materials thermally fused by adding hot-melt materials without the use of glue or binder. such as polyester wadding, polypropylene and other hydrophobic plastic materials existing in fibers, wadding which, preferably, will have the most heterogeneous physical and thermoradiative characteristics possible and imaginable   9 / insulating complex according to the preceding claims characterized in that one or more of   layers of fibrous materials may be composed of animal fibers such as natural wool or feathers and these animal or other fibers will be formed by pneumatic lapping or carding and thermobonded by the addition of a small proportion of fibers or thermobonding thermobonding materials such as copolyester, copolyamides, copolyolefins with very low melting point and hydrophobic preferences, these fibers or materials can also be bicomponents so as to   participate in the physical and differential radiathermic texture of the whole.   / Insulating complex according to the preceding claims, characterized in that one or more   layers of separating materials may consist of transparent bubble films   11 / insulating complex according to the preceding claims characterized in that the film or films   bubbles will have bubbles whose height will be of the order of 0.8 to 4 mm, whose diameter will be between 2 and 5 mm and the spacing between the bubbles will be as large as possible, for example greater than 8 mm   so as to reduce contact points.   12 / insulating complex according to metal or the preceding claims characterized in that a   or more of the layers of separating materials may be made of bubble films of   plastics loaded with black dye absorbing radiathermic radiation.   13 / insulating complex according to the preceding claims characterized in that one or more   layers of separating materials may consist of at least two separate layers of sound absorbing materials. 2 TO> 3   14 / insulating complex according to the preceding claims characterized in that one or more   layers of sound absorbing materials will be composed of a mixture of fibers which are as different as possible in terms of their materials, their structures, their colors, their diameters, their compositions, their orientations, etc.   15 / insulating complex according to any one or more of the preceding claims, characterized   in that the component intended to be located directly under the roof of the building consists of one or more films of waterproof materials, mechanically solid, capable of withstanding the contingencies of the building in general such as gusts of wind, and able to resist leaks and the inevitable introduction of water, sooner or later, under a roof   16 / Insulating or non-insulating roofing complex, according to any one or more of the claims   previous characterized in that the component intended to be located directly under the roofing of the building is made of a material having thermoradiative characteristics totally absorbent I emitting such as those of a black plastic film loaded with black body such as black of carbon, tar etc.   17 / insulating complex according to any one or more of the preceding claims, characterized   in that the component intended to be located directly under the roofing of the building is followed by a bubble film, the spaces between the bubbles of which are intended to allow the evacuation of water due either to inevitable leaks and penetrations of water under the roof, or with the condensation always noted   18 / insulating complex according to any one or more of the preceding claims, characterized   in that, following the component or components intended to be located directly under the roofing of the building, one or more films completely impervious to water vapor such as films of solid metal such as aluminum or other simple or preferably complex with a film of fusible and weldable material.   19 / insulating complex according to any one or more of the preceding claims, characterized   in that the film or films based on solid metal are based on an uneven, non-smooth but embossed sheet of metal and that the free surface of the metal is protected from corrosion by means   not modifying the thermoradiative characteristics.   / Insulating complex according to any one or more of the preceding claims, characterized   in that the completely waterproof film is complexed with a mechanical reinforcement, this mechanical reinforcement   may be a sound absorbing material as claimed above.   21 / insulating complex according to any one or more of the preceding claims, characterized   in that the component intended to be located closest to the interior of the dwelling consists of a layer of non-hydrophobic fibers such as natural wool, and others more particularly intended for regulating humidity and ambient temperatures and to electrostatic and electromagnetic neutrality since any charges and voltages will be eliminated by metallized or waterproof metallic films and non-hydrophobic materials put in synergetic associations.   221 Insulating complex according to any one or more of the preceding claims, characterized   in that the layer of fibers located closest to the interior of the dwelling is protected by a reinforcement grid of preferably hydrophobic material and that this grid will have a mesh of 5 to mm.   23 / insulating complex according to any one or more of the preceding claims, characterized   in that the component intended to be located just before the last non-hydrophobic component of claim 19 is a film conducting electrical and electromagnetic charges and voltages, completely vapor-tight, such as a film of solid metal such as aluminum or others,   simple or preferably complexed with a film of fusible and weldable material.   24 / insulating complex according to any one or more of the preceding claims, characterized   in that it comprises on each of its sides a system making it possible to hang one strip to the other and to obtain a seal not only against run-off water, steam, condensations but above all air introductions and extractions due to the influence of wind as well   on the side facing the wind than on the side facing the wind.   25 / insulating complex according to any one or more of the preceding claims, characterized   in that the system for hanging one strip to the other consists of an adhesive tape   26 / insulating complex according to any one or more of the preceding claims, characterized   in that the system for hanging one strip to the other consists of hook-and-loop tapes   such as velcro (registered trademark) or other types of hook-and-loop tapes.   27 / insulating complex according to any one or more of the preceding claims, characterized   in that the components are fixed together by any means such as stitching, rivets, staples and more particularly assembled by means minimizing not only the points or the lines of contact but especially by reducing or eliminating the perforations and other penetrations of humidity and air possible, particularly lateral, means such as all types of welds, for example thermal, induction, high frequency, ultrasonic, microwave, and all other means of providing the energy necessary for the welds some issues heterogeneous components. q 3 2792667   28 / insulating complex according to any one or more of the preceding claims, characterized   in that in order to allow the welds, additional fusible materials are incorporated into all the material which, melting under the weld head, adhere to the various constituents of the complex and located opposite, and may even constitute junction bridges through non-material weldable.   29 / insulating complex according to any one or more of the preceding claims, characterized   in that to allow the welds between the different layers, the heterogeneous layers of the complex are organized so that there are compatible materials at each stratum capable of ensuring mechanical connection, possibly through a material which cannot be welded by itself, materials which by melting under the welding head are capable of ensuring the connection mechanical sought.   / Insulating complex according to any one or more of the preceding claims, characterized   in that the welds are produced by the addition of one or more additional compatible materials added just and only at the location of the weld (s), these additional materials being able to be put in place in the form of one or more ribbons compatible fuses, powder or   all other forms of all materials capable of creating these interlocking bridges.   31 / insulating complex according to any one or more of the preceding claims, characterized   in that the additional material allowing the welding is a film ribbon of fusible material for example of polypropylene cast due to the fact that this material has a high viscosity   as soon as it starts to melt, which makes welding easier.   32 / insulating complex according to any one or more of the preceding claims, characterized   in that the additional material allowing the welding is a metallized film ribbon which compensates for the thermal bridge due to the crushing of the components and which above all exhibits unexpected absorption characteristics of the welding energy which facilitates the welding especially with a   heterogeneous multilayer in which all the materials cannot be welded together.   33 / insulating complex according to any one or more of the preceding claims, characterized   in that the additional material allowing the welding is a reflective metallic film tape complexed on one or two sides with a material allowing the welding, the metal facilitating the welding, avoiding too rapid fusion thanks to its conductive qualities and above all reducing the risk of   section the complex under the welding head.   34 / insulating complex according to any one or more of the preceding claims, characterized   in that the weld lines are continuous on the sides to provide lateral and discontinuous sealing in the center so as to reduce thermal bridges   / Insulating complex according to any one or more of the preceding claims, characterized   in that the welding energies are transmitted by pulsating circular elements and motorized anvils active motorized anvils participating mechanically in the advancement of the components of   so as to ensure the quality of the weld and not to cut or shear it.   36 / insulating complex according to any one or more of the preceding claims, characterized   in that the welding energies are transmitted by at least one notched wheel so as not to not cut, section the complex.   37 / insulating complex according to any one or more of the preceding claims, characterized   in that the welding energies are transmitted not only by active knobs but also by anvils which are also active thanks to a synergy of the frequencies and lengths of the induced waves, so that the echo of the anvil is perfectly adapted not only with the active wheel but with the inductive physical characteristics of the materials of the complex to be welded, and   so that the weld is identical and symmetrical on both sides of the complex.   38 / Thermal insulation complex, more particularly intended for attic under roofs to protect them against all transfers of energy and discomfort (heat, noise,   colds, humidities, etc.) according to the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a   active synergistic association according to the following preferred embodiment:> a mechanically solid and black film radiatively: 1 /> a bubble film: 2 /> a reflective film of complexed solid metal: 3 /> a layer of insonrisant material: 4 /> a reflective film preferably on its 2 faces: 5 /> a layer of insonrisante material: 4> a reflective film preferably on its 2 faces: 5 /> a resilient wadding: 6 /> a reflective film preferably on its 2 faces: 5 /> alveolar separator: 7 /> alveolar separator: 7 /> a reflective film preferably on its 2 faces: 5 /> a resilient wadding: 6 /> a reflective film preferably on its 2 faces: 5> alveolar separator: 7 /> cellular separator: 7 /> a reflective film preferably on its 2 faces: 5 1> a resilient wadding: 6 1> a reflective film of complex solid metal: 3> a natural wool wadding: 8 /> a grid protection and reinforcement: 9 /