EP2231943B1 - Curtain wall - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to the facades of buildings as described in the EP 1 533 431 A1 .

At present, many facades are made by masonry in small elements and / or concrete banché.

These facades are relatively heavy, and a painful implementation in some cases.

They do not provide satisfactory treatment of the thermal bridges at the interfaces with the structure and the singular points (balconies, loggias, recesses ...) whether in thermal insulation from the inside or outside.

At the end of the life of the building, these facades are necessarily demolished; their deconstruction is impossible.

• limitation des ponts thermiques à un niveau raisonnable,
• intégration de parties opaques comme vitrées,
• étanchéité et imperméabilité à l'air suffisantes,
• adaptabilité à divers types de construction,
• coût de construction contenu.

Attempts to develop lightweight facades including semi-curtain have so far not met all the requirements:

• limitation of thermal bridges to a reasonable level,
• integration of opaque parts as glazed,
• sufficient airtightness and impermeability,
• adaptability to various types of construction,
• cost of construction content.

• permet le traitement de l'intégralité de la façade d'un immeuble, parties opaques et parties vitrées,
• met à disposition une façade totalement (et a fortiori partiellement) déconstructible,
• d'un coût particulièrement avantageux, eu égard à la construction et en fonctionnement.

These problems have been solved by the invention which, in particular:

• allows the treatment of the entire facade of a building, opaque parts and glass parts,
• provides a facade totally (and a fortiori partially) deconstructible,
• at a particularly advantageous cost, considering the construction and operation.

Excellent levels of thermal and acoustic insulation can be achieved.

• une enveloppe extérieure faite d'éléments de façade,
• un pare-pluie,
• des éléments profilés de maintien et support fixés aux nez de plancher en position verticale,
• un système d'isolation thermique comprenant un premier isolant en avant des nez de plancher et un second isolant intérieur entre planchers,
• un pare-vapeur, et
• un parement intérieur

dont le premier isolant est sensiblement continu sur la surface de la façade, en particulier essentiellement sans poche d'air, deux lés adjacents de ce premier isolant étant séparés par une surface plane desdits éléments profilés en saillie devant les nez de plancher, et les éléments profilés pésentent une surface plane arrière d'appui sur au moins un nez de plancher et d'appui et/ou fixation d'un système d'isolation intérieure.For this purpose, the invention relates to a building facade comprising essentially in the order

• an outer envelope made of facade elements,
• a rain screen,
• profiled support elements and support fixed to the floor noses in a vertical position,
• a thermal insulation system comprising a first insulator in front of the floor noses and a second insulating interior between floors,
• a vapor barrier, and
• an interior facing

whose first insulator is substantially continuous on the surface of the facade, in particular essentially without air pockets, two adjacent strips of this first insulator being separated by a flat surface of said profiled elements projecting in front of the floor noses, and the elements profiles have a flat rear bearing surface on at least one floor and bearing nose and / or fixing an interior insulation system.

The nature of the facade elements constituting the outer envelope is not limited. It may be for example a metal wall (sheet that can be corrugated ...) or a wooden siding. These facade elements, or in other words said exterior facing, are advantageously fixed on vertical profiles (which may in particular be formed of "Z-purlins") themselves fixed on said profiled elements, over the rain shield, or on a framework horizontally fixed on these vertical profiles or vertical Z failures. A blade of air occupies the entire depth of the purlins Z, for example 2 cm.

Thus, between the rain cover and the outer facing, an air space is advantageously at least 2 cm thick (possible presence of a vertical circulation of air), in the volume corresponding to the depth. vertical profiles on which is fixed the outer facing.

The rain screen, consisting of a flexible sheet of plastic material, is fixed on the outer face of said profiled elements. Alternatively, a wooden plate, or OSB (oriented strain board), or equivalent, can be inserted between profiled elements and rainscreen, to improve the acoustic performance of the facade.

These are fixed to the floor nosings by any suitable method, particularly convenient from the outside, several modes will be detailed later.

Said first insulator preferably occupies almost the entire volume corresponding to the depth of said profiled elements. It is not necessary that the thickness of insulation is exactly the same as the depth of said profiled elements. It is essential, however, that the surface of the facade be covered with a layer of insulation as continuous as possible. Thus, the layer of this first insulator is interrupted, between two adjacent strips, only on the thickness of a thin wall, perpendicular to the facade, said profiled elements.

The possibilities of arranging the second interior insulation between floors, the vapor barrier and said facing, constituting an interior insulation system, are multiple, and several examples are detailed below.

The building facade of the invention offers very good mechanical properties, at the level currently required in terms of impact resistance, or relative to the cleaning pods for example, or earthquake effects for residential buildings located in areas medium risk and whose height does not exceed 28 meters, in particular.

The integration of opaque and glazed parts is easy, the ease of implementation of the most varied types and styles of construction is great.

The airtightness obtained by the installation of an independent vapor barrier film is good; excellent thermal and acoustic insulation can be obtained.

The facade of the invention is easily deconstructible, its moderate manufacturing cost.

• une surface plane avant de support et fixation du pare-pluie et des éléments de façade, et
• une surface plane médiane reliant les surfaces planes arrière et avant.

Preferably, said profiled elements present

• a flat front surface for supporting and fixing the rain screen and facade elements, and
• a median flat surface connecting the rear and front flat surfaces.

In a simple and practical embodiment, the front and back plane surfaces are in planes parallel to the main plane of the facade, and the median flat surface in a vertical plane perpendicular to the latter. Thus insulating strips of substantially parallelepipedal shapes can be placed on either side of said median flat surface so as to maximize the space occupied by the insulator.

In a first variant of this particular embodiment, the rear plane surface is located on one side of the plane of the median plane surface. One can then easily fix, for example by screwing, said medial flat surface to a square located on the side of the latter where is not the rear flat surface. This fixing is easily performed from outside the building, the bracket having been previously fixed to the floor nose under the same conditions.

There are three particularly practical embodiments.

According to the first embodiment, said flat front surface is positioned on the same side of the median flat surface as the rear flat surface: the profile is substantially U-shaped or C-shaped (presence of return wings at the edges of the profile).

According to the second embodiment, said front plane surface is positioned only on the side of the median flat surface where the rear flat surface is not located: the profile may be approximately Z-shaped (two adjacent branches of the Z being perpendicular).

In the third mode, the front planar surface is positioned on both sides of the median plane surface.

In a second variant, which can be accumulated with the first, said profiled elements are essentially inscribed in H-shaped profiles. By this is meant that they are H-sections, or differ only in the removal of a part. end - thus found in particular the forms of the three modes of said first variant.

H-profiles can easily be attached to the floor nosings from the outside. It suffices to first fix on the floor nose a fixing bracket provided with a first part to be fixed on the median flat surface of a first section H (upper) and a second part to be fixed on the surface median plane of a second section in H (lower). Said planar front surface of the profiled elements covers one of the two side edges of a panel or panel of said first insulator, or two such side edges of panels or neighbors.

Said profiled elements consist of any material offering the required high mechanical properties at reasonable thicknesses and weights: a metal, in particular aluminum and, preferably, a reinforced plastic material may be mentioned. The latter provides excellent mechanical properties at low profile wall sections, good performance insulation - it solves the problem of thermal bridges at the level of the nose of floors -, good properties vis-à-vis the fire. These benefits will be detailed later.

Advantageously, the profiled elements are composite pultruded resin and glass fibers, including continuous and / or mats. A resin acrylic, polyester, vinylester or epoxy resin may be used.

These materials offer the required mechanical properties.

They are excellent thermal insulators - thermal conductivity of the order of 0.2 W / mK - able to solve the problems of thermal bridges. They are also excellent electrical insulators.

They have a very good fire resistance, are self-extinguishing and do not emit toxic smoke in case of fire, for many of them.

As an indication, the thickness of the walls of the profiled elements is of the order of 4 to 10 mm, which ensures in particular a satisfactory continuity of the insulating layer consisting of the juxtaposition of the two sides of said median wall .

Preferably, said first and second insulators are chosen from insulants based on mineral fibers such as glass wool, rockwool, vegetable fibers such as hemp, flax, cotton, or of animal origin such as wool of sheep.

Said inner facing is preferably based on a plasterboard (type BA 25 or thicker) or more superimposed (at least two BA 13 ...).

The invention also relates to a set of components as described above for producing such a facade.

The invention will be better understood in the following description of the drawings in the appendix, in which the Figures 1 to 8 schematically represent in perspective the successive steps of construction of a facade of the invention.

On the Figure 1 are represented two nose 0 neighboring floors. It is however specified that the facade of the invention is perfectly suited to a construction on a larger number of floors.

On the nose of floors 0 are fixed profiles 1 in vertical position, at regular intervals of 600 mm.

The profiles 1 are in U: each has a concavity not visible located for the profiles in the foreground, the left side.

Each section 1 comprises a rear plane surface 1a and before 1b parallel, connected to each other by a central flat surface 1c which is perpendicular thereto. The latter has a width of about 120 mm, and a thickness of 6 mm.

The profiles 1 may be made of polyester resin reinforced with continuous glass fibers, and mats of glass fibers.

The profiles 1 are fixed to the floor noses 0 by means of brackets 2. The floor noses 0 may not be perfectly level with each other, this mode of attachment of the profiles 1 is compatible with an absence contacting them 1 and a floor nose 0, that is to say with a non-zero distance - but a small distance - from a profile 1 to a floor nose 0.

The brackets 2 are metal, or reinforced plastic. They are screwed into both a floor nose 0 and a median flat surface 1 c profile 1.

On the Figure 2 is represented the laying of insulation 3 in the entire space defined by the depth of the profiles 1.

Insulator 3 consists of 120 mm thick glass wool panels marketed by Saint-Gobain Isover under the reference Panolène Façade. This glass wool has a thermal conductivity of 0.032 W / mK.

The glass wool is inserted into the concavity of the U-shaped sections 1. At the approach of the floor nosings 0, it is first hooked onto pins 31 fixed to the floor noses 0. Then the pins 31 are folded over. top of the glass wool 3 in place.

A rain screen 4 is then applied to said flat surfaces before 1b of the profiles 1, above the insulation 3 - see Figure 3 -. The rain cover consists in known manner of a sheet of flexible plastic material, marketed in particular by the company Doerken Delta Fassade.

The exterior cladding of the facade, although part of the system of the invention, has no specific characteristics, and is not described here.

The construction of an inner facade insulation according to the invention is now described.

With reference to the Figure 4 fixed, on said rear flat surfaces 1a, profiles 1 of the horizontal furs 51. A fast method of riveting can be employed by means of a gun.

The furs 51 consist of U-shaped metal sections provided with return wings. In this respect, and in the following description of the interior insulation, reference is also made to the application WO 2006/061538 .

On the other hand, the floor noses 0 are fixed lower rails 52 and 53 high, at a distance from said rear flat surfaces 1a chosen so that the facing plates of the inner insulation bear on the lower rails 52 and 53 .

Then we fix support elements and bracing 54 in the horizontal furs 51, in particular each time by a certain elastic deformation thereof.

As appearing at Figure 5 , an insulator 5a is spun onto the supporting and bracing elements 54. The insulator 5a is then positioned in abutment on the rear flat surfaces 1a of the profiles 1 and on the horizontal furrows 51, behind the low rails 52 and high 53.

The insulation 5a is a glass wool with a thickness of between 80 and 120 mm, and thermal conductivity equal to 0.032 W / mK, sold by the company Saint-Gobain Isover under the reference Isoconfort 32.

It is then adapted, on the support elements and bracing 54, holding elements 55 of a fur - Figure 6 -.

Then, as shown Figure 7 Vertical furs 56 are attached to the holding elements 55. The furs 56 are positioned behind the low rails 52 and 53.

The vertical furs 56 consist, as the furs 51 horizontal, U metal profiles with return wings. The holding elements 55 cooperate with the support elements and bracing 54, so as to easily adjust their position according to normal to the facade with blocking. They cooperate on the other hand with the furs 56 vertical fixing them to the desired position according to this normal to the facade.

We put on the flat back of the furs 56 a vapor barrier 5c.

The vapor barrier is advantageously a hygroregulating membrane sold under the name Vario by the company Saint-Gobain Isover. A standard vapor barrier may consist of a polyethylene sheet of 100 to 200 μm thick, for example.

As represented in Figure 8 it is fixed on the vertical flat surface constituted by the vertical furs 56, and the low rails 52 and 53 high, two gypsum boards 5b 13 mm thick or 25 mm thick.

Many variants are possible for mounting the second insulation 5a, the vapor barrier 5c and the inner facing 5b.

In particular, it is easy to replace the combination of horizontal furs 51, support and bracing elements 54, holding elements 55 and vertical furs 56.

Thus, it is possible to fix pins 31 as described above on the face of the profiles 1 facing the interior of the building, in order to insert and retain the second insulation 5a. Alternatively, the function of such pins 31 can be filled by vertical profiles (U-shaped for example) fixed on the face of the profiles 1 facing the interior of the building, between two floors.

The vapor barrier 5c can be placed above the pins 31 or u-shaped vertical profiles.

In front of the vapor barrier 5c, it is possible to fix in the R 36 rails of the French standard NF DTU 25.41, on the floor and on the ceiling, uprights M 36 according to the same standard, back-to-back (in pairs) in a vertical position. . These amounts M 36 are U-shaped profiles. The volume corresponding to the depth of these amounts is left free (air gap).

On the uprights M 36, two gypsum boards 5b type BA 13 (or a single BA 25) are fixed.

In this embodiment, the fastenings of the plasterboard 5b are independent and not connected to the profiles 1.

The facade thus formed meets the standards of mechanical strength, is easily deconstructible. It provides excellent thermal insulation and acoustic. No masonry wall or equivalent is required between the first exterior insulation and the second interior insulation between floors.

Claims (8)

1. A building facade comprising essentially, and in the following order:

   • an exterior envelope made of facade elements,

   • a rain barrier (4),

   • profiled holding and supporting elements (1) fixed vertically to the floor edges (0),

   • a thermal insulation system comprising a first insulating element (3) in front of the floor edges (0) and a second insulating element (5a) on the inside, between floors,

   • a vapor barrier (5c), and

   • an interior lining (5b),

   the first insulating element (3) of which being basically continuous across the surface of the facade, being in particular essentially free of air pockets, two adjacent breadths of this first insulating element (3) being separated by a flat surface (1c) of said profiled elements (1) projecting forwards of the floor edges (0), and the profiled elements (1) have a flat rear surface (1a) for contact with at least one floor edge (0) and for contact with and/or attachment of an interior insulation system (5) comprising the said second insulating element (5a).
2. The building facade as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the profiled elements (1) have

   • a flat front surface (1b) for the support and attachment of the rain barrier (4) and of the facade elements, and

   • a flat middle surface (1c) which joins the flat rear (1a) and front (1b) surfaces.
3. The building facade as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the profiled elements (1) are essentially inscribed within H, C, U or Z profiled elements.
4. The building facade as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the profiled elements (1) are made of reinforced plastic.
5. The building facade as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the profiled elements (1) are made of pultruded resin and glass fiber composite, which may in particular be continuous and/or in the form of mats.
6. The building facade as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first and second insulating elements (3, 5a) are selected from inorganic fiber-based insulating materials such as glass wool, rock wool, plant fibers such as hemp, flax and cotton wool, or fibers of animal origin such as sheep's wool.
7. The building facade as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the interior lining (5b) is based on a plasterboard sheet or multiple superposed such sheets.
8. An assembly for making a building facade, comprising:

   • facade elements,

   • a rain barrier (4),

   • profiled holding and supporting elements (1) and means for fixing said profiled elements vertically to the floor edges (0),

   • a thermal insulation system comprising a first insulating element (3) suitable for placing in front of the floor edges (0) and a second insulating element (5a) suitable for placing on the inside, between floors,

   • a vapor barrier (5c), and

   • an interior lining (5b),

   • said profiled elements (1) being suitable for receiving the first insulating element (3) in a layer that is basically continuous across the surface of the facade, and in particular is essentially free of air pockets, said elements having a flat surface (1c) designed to project forwards of the floor edges (0) and separate two adjacent breadths of this first insulating element (3) .

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