EP2231943A2

EP2231943A2 - Curtain wall

Info

Publication number: EP2231943A2
Application number: EP08865786A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Laurent Joret; Marie-Isabelle Watchi; Harold Hugonenc
Original assignee: Saint Gobain Isover SA France
Current assignee: Saint Gobain Isover SA France
Priority date: 2007-12-19
Filing date: 2008-12-18
Publication date: 2010-09-29
Anticipated expiration: 2028-12-18
Also published as: CO6280558A2; UA102538C2; BRPI0821366B1; FR2925543B1; PL2231943T3; WO2009081049A3; DK2231943T3; US8250820B2; EP2231943B2; EP2231943B1; WO2009081049A2; RU2507350C2; JP5619618B2; ES2466677T5; FR2925543A1; CN101946049A; CA2709833A1; ES2466677T3; RU2010129422A; CA2709833C

Abstract

The invention relates to a building facade that substantially comprises, in the following order: an outer wall made of facade members; a rain barrier (4); profiled holding and bearing members (1) attached to flooring nosings (0) in a vertical position; a thermal insulation system including a first insulator (3) at the front of the flooring nosings (0) and a second inner insulator (5a) between the floorings; a vapour barrier (5c); and an inner cladding (5b); wherein the first insulator (3) is substantially continuous on the façade surface, and is essentially free from any air pocket, and two adjacent plies of said first insulator (3) are separated by a planar surface (1c) of said profiled members (1) protruding at the front of the flooring nosings (0).

Description

SEMI-RIDEAU FACADE

The present invention relates to the facades of buildings. At present, many facades are made by masonry in small elements and / or concrete banché.

These facades are relatively heavy, and a painful implementation in some cases.

They do not provide satisfactory treatment of the thermal bridges at the interfaces with the structure and the singular points (balconies, loggias, recesses ...) whether in thermal insulation from the inside or outside.

At the end of the life of the building, these facades are necessarily demolished; their deconstruction is impossible.

Attempts to develop lightweight façades, especially semi-curtain walls, have so far failed to meet all the requirements: limiting thermal bridges to a reasonable level, integrating opaque parts such as glazed, waterproofing and impermeability. Sufficient air, adaptability to various types of construction, cost of construction content. These problems have been solved by the invention which, in particular: allows the treatment of the entire facade of a building, opaque parts and glazed parts, provides a facade totally (and a fortiori partially) deconstructible, d a particularly advantageous cost, considering the construction and operation.

Excellent levels of thermal and acoustic insulation can be achieved.

For this purpose, the invention relates to a building facade comprising essentially in the order an outer envelope made of facade elements, a rain screen, profiled support and support elements fixed to the floor noses in a vertical position, a thermal insulation system comprising a first insulator in front of the floor noses and a second interior insulation between floors, a vapor barrier, and an interior facing characterized in that the first insulator is substantially continuous on the surface of the facade, in particular essentially without air pockets, two adjacent strips of this first insulator being separated by a flat surface of said profiled elements projecting in front of the floor noses.

The nature of the facade elements constituting the outer envelope is not limited. It may be for example a metal wall (sheet that can be corrugated ...) or a wooden siding. These facade elements, or in other words said exterior facing, are advantageously fixed on vertical profiles (which may in particular be formed of "Z-purlins") themselves fixed on said profiled elements, over the rain shield, or on a framework horizontally fixed on these vertical profiles or vertical Z failures. A blade of air occupies the entire depth of the purlins Z, for example 2 cm.

Thus, between the rain cover and the outer facing, an air space is advantageously at least 2 cm thick (possible presence of a vertical circulation of air), in the volume corresponding to the depth. vertical profiles on which is fixed the outer facing.

The rain screen, consisting of a flexible sheet of plastic material, is fixed on the outer face of said profiled elements. Alternatively, a wooden plate, or OSB (oriented strain board), or equivalent, can be inserted between profiled elements and rainscreen, to improve the acoustic performance of the facade.

These are fixed to the floor nosings by any suitable method, particularly convenient from the outside, several modes will be detailed later.

Said first insulator preferably occupies almost the entire volume corresponding to the depth of said profiled elements. It is not necessary that the thickness of insulation is exactly the same as the depth of said profiled elements. It is essential, however, that the surface of the facade be covered with a layer of insulation as continuous as possible. Thus, the layer of this first insulator is interrupted, between two adjacent strips, only on the thickness of a thin wall, perpendicular to the facade, said profiled elements.

The possibilities of arranging the second interior insulation between floors, the vapor barrier and said facing, constituting an interior insulation system, are multiple, and several examples are detailed below.

The building facade of the invention offers very good mechanical properties, at the level currently required in terms of impact resistance, or relative to the cleaning pods for example, or earthquake effects for residential buildings located in areas medium risk and whose height does not exceed 28 meters, in particular.

The integration of opaque and glazed parts is easy, the ease of implementation of the most varied types and styles of construction is great.

The airtightness obtained by the installation of an independent vapor barrier film is good; excellent thermal and acoustic insulation can be obtained.

The facade of the invention is easily deconstructible, its moderate manufacturing cost.

Preferably, said profiled elements have a rear flat bearing surface on at least one floor and bearing nose and / or fixing of an interior insulation system, a flat front surface for supporting and fixing the rain screen. and facade elements, and a median flat surface connecting the rear and front flat surfaces.

In a simple and practical embodiment, the front and back plane surfaces are in planes parallel to the main plane of the facade, and the median flat surface in a vertical plane perpendicular to the latter. Thus insulating strips of substantially parallelepipedal shapes can be placed on either side of said median flat surface so as to maximize the space occupied by the insulator. In a first variant of this particular embodiment, the rear plane surface is located on one side of the plane of the median plane surface. One can then easily fix, for example by screwing, said medial flat surface to a square located on the side of the latter where is not the rear flat surface. This fixing is easily performed from outside the building, the bracket having been previously fixed to the floor nose under the same conditions.

There are three particularly practical embodiments.

According to the first embodiment, said flat front surface is positioned on the same side of the median flat surface as the rear flat surface: the profile is substantially U-shaped or C-shaped (presence of return wings at the edges of the profile).

According to the second embodiment, said front plane surface is positioned only on the side of the median flat surface where the rear flat surface is not located: the profile may be approximately Z-shaped (two adjacent branches of the Z being perpendicular).

In the third mode, the front planar surface is positioned on both sides of the median plane surface.

In a second variant, which can be accumulated with the first, said profiled elements are essentially inscribed in H-shaped profiles. By this is meant that they are H-sections, or differ only in the removal of a part. end - thus found in particular the forms of the three modes of said first variant.

H-profiles can easily be attached to the floor nosings from the outside. It suffices to first fix on the floor nose a fixing bracket provided with a first part to be fixed on the median flat surface of a first section H (upper) and a second part to be fixed on the surface median plane of a second section in H (lower). Said planar front surface of the profiled elements covers one of the two side edges of a panel or panel of said first insulator, or two such side edges of panels or neighbors.

Said profiled elements consist of any material offering the required high mechanical properties at reasonable thicknesses and weights: a metal, in particular aluminum and, preferably, a reinforced plastic material may be mentioned. The latter provides excellent mechanical properties at low profile wall sections, good performance insulation - it solves the problem of thermal bridges at the level of the nose of floors -, good properties vis-à-vis the fire. These benefits will be detailed later.

Advantageously, the profiled elements are composite pultruded resin and glass fibers, including continuous and / or mats. A resin acrylic, polyester, vinylester or epoxy resin may be used.

These materials offer the required mechanical properties.

They are excellent thermal insulators - thermal conductivity of the order of 0.2 W / mK - able to solve the problems of thermal bridges. They are also excellent electrical insulators.

They have a very good fire resistance, are self-extinguishing and do not emit toxic smoke in case of fire, for many of them.

As an indication, the thickness of the walls of the profiled elements is of the order of 4 to 10 mm, which ensures in particular a satisfactory continuity of the insulating layer consisting of the juxtaposition of the two sides of said median wall .

Preferably, said first and second insulators are chosen from insulants based on mineral fibers such as glass wool, rockwool, vegetable fibers such as hemp, flax, cotton, or of animal origin such as wool of sheep.

Said inner facing is preferably based on a plasterboard (type BA 25 or thicker) or more superimposed (at least two BA 13 ...).

The invention also relates to a set of components as described above for producing such a facade.

The invention will be better understood in the following description of the accompanying drawings, in which Figures 1 to 8 show schematically in perspective the successive steps of construction of a facade of the invention.

In Figure 1 are shown two nose 0 neighboring floors. It is however specified that the facade of the invention is perfectly suited to a construction on a larger number of floors.

On the nose of floors 0 are fixed profiles 1 in vertical position, at regular intervals of 600 mm. The profiles 1 are in U: each has a concavity not visible located for the profiles in the foreground, the left side.

Each section 1 comprises a rear flat surface 1a and 1b before parallel, connected to each other by a central flat surface 1c which is perpendicular thereto. The latter has a width of about 120 mm, and a thickness of 6 mm.

The profiles 1 may be made of polyester resin reinforced with continuous glass fibers, and mats of glass fibers.

The profiles 1 are fixed to the floor noses 0 by means of brackets 2. The floor noses 0 may not be perfectly level with each other, this mode of attachment of the profiles 1 is compatible with an absence contacting them 1 and a floor nose 0, that is to say with a non-zero distance - but a small distance - from a profile 1 to a floor nose 0.

The brackets 2 are metal, or reinforced plastic. They are screwed into both a floor nose 0 and a median flat surface 1 c profile 1.

In Figure 2 is shown the laying of insulation 3 in the entire space defined by the depth of the profiles 1.

Insulator 3 consists of 120 mm thick glass wool panels marketed by Saint-Gobain Isover under the reference Panolène Façade. This glass wool has a thermal conductivity of 0.032 W / mK.

The glass wool is inserted into the concavity of the U-shaped sections 1. At the approach of the floor nosings 0, it is first hooked onto pins 31 fixed to the floor noses 0. Then the pins 31 are folded over. top of the glass wool 3 in place.

A rain screen 4 is then applied to said flat surfaces before 1b of the profiles 1, above the insulation 3 - see Figure 3 -. The rain cover consists in known manner of a sheet of flexible plastic material, marketed in particular by the company Doerken Delta Fassade.

The exterior cladding of the facade, although part of the system of the invention, has no specific characteristics, and is not described here. The construction of an inner facade insulation according to the invention is now described.

Referring to Figure 4, is fixed on said rear flat surfaces 1a of the profiles 1 of the furs 51 horizontal. A fast method of riveting can be employed by means of a gun.

The furs 51 consist of U-shaped metal sections provided with return wings. In this regard, and in the following description of the inner insulation, reference is also made to the application WO 2006/061538.

On the other hand, the floor noses 0 are fixed lower rails 52 and 53 high, at a distance from said rear flat surfaces 1a chosen so that the facing plates of the inner insulation bear on the lower rails 52 and 53 .

Then we fix support elements and bracing 54 in the horizontal furs 51, in particular each time by a certain elastic deformation thereof.

As shown in FIG. 5, an insulator 5a is engaged on the support and bracing elements 54. The insulation 5a is then positioned in abutment on the rear flat surfaces 1a of the profiles 1 and on the horizontal furs 51, behind the low rails 52 and high 53.

The insulation 5a is a glass wool with a thickness of between 80 and 120 mm, and thermal conductivity equal to 0.032 W / mK, sold by the company Saint-Gobain Isover under the reference Isoconfort 32.

Then comes to fit, on the support elements and bracing 54, holding elements 55 of a fur - Figure 6 -.

Then, as shown in FIG. 7, vertical furs 56 are fastened to the holding elements 55. The furs 56 are positioned behind the low rails 52 and 53.

The vertical furs 56 consist, as the furs 51 horizontal, U metal profiles with return wings. The holding elements 55 cooperate with the support elements and bracing 54, so as to easily adjust their position according to normal to the facade with blocking. They cooperate on the other hand with the furs 56 vertical fixing them to the desired position according to this normal to the facade. We put on the flat back of the furs 56 a vapor barrier 5c.

The vapor barrier is advantageously a hygroregulating membrane sold under the name Vario by the company Saint-Gobain Isover. A standard vapor barrier may consist of a polyethylene sheet of 100 to 200 μm thick, for example.

As shown in Figure 8, it is fixed on the vertical flat surface constituted by the vertical furs 56, and the low rails 52 and 53 high, two gypsum boards 5b 13 mm thick or 25 mm thick .

Many variants are possible for mounting the second insulation 5a, the vapor barrier 5c and the inner facing 5b.

In particular, it is easy to replace the combination of horizontal furs 51, support and bracing elements 54, holding elements 55 and vertical furs 56.

Thus, it is possible to fix pins 31 as described above on the face of the profiles 1 facing the interior of the building, in order to insert and retain the second insulation 5a. Alternatively, the function of such pins 31 can be filled by vertical profiles (U-shaped for example) fixed on the face of the profiles 1 facing the interior of the building, between two floors.

The vapor barrier 5c can be placed above the pins 31 or u-shaped vertical profiles.

In front of the vapor barrier 5c, it is possible to fix in the R 36 rails of the French standard NF DTU 25.41, on the floor and on the ceiling, uprights M 36 according to the same standard, back-to-back (in pairs) in a vertical position. . These amounts M 36 are U-shaped profiles. The volume corresponding to the depth of these amounts is left free (air gap).

On the uprights M 36, two gypsum boards 5b type BA 13 (or a single BA 25) are fixed.

In this embodiment, the fastenings of the plasterboard 5b are independent and not connected to the profiles 1.

The facade thus formed meets the standards of mechanical strength, is easily deconstructible. It provides excellent thermal insulation and acoustic. No masonry wall or equivalent is required between the first exterior insulation and the second interior insulation between floors.

Claims

1. Building facade essentially comprising in the order an outer envelope made of facade elements, a rain screen (4), profiled elements (1) for holding and support fixed to the floor noses (0) in a vertical position , a thermal insulation system comprising a first insulator (3) in front of the floor noses (0) and a second insulator (5a) between floors, a vapor barrier (5c), and an interior facing (5b) characterized in that the first insulator (3) is substantially continuous on the surface of the facade, in particular essentially without air pockets, two adjacent strips of this first insulator (3) being separated by a flat surface (1c) of said profiled elements (1) protruding in front of the floor noses (0).

Building facade according to claim 1, characterized in that the profiles (1) have a rear flat surface (1a) for supporting at least one floor nose.

(0) and support and / or attachment of an interior insulation system (5), a front flat surface (1b) for supporting and fixing the rain screen (4) and facade elements, and a median flat surface (1c) connecting the flat rear surfaces (1a) and front (1b).

3. Building facade according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the profiles (1) are essentially inscribed in sections H, C, U or Z.

4. Building facade according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the profiles (1) are made of reinforced plastic material.

5. Facade of building according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the profiles (1) are pultruded composite resin and glass fibers, including continuous and / or mats.

6. Building facade according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first and second insulators (3, 5a) are selected from insulators based on mineral fibers such as glass wool, rock wool, vegetable fibers such as hemp, flax, cotton, or animal-based wool such as sheep's wool.

7. Facade of building according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the inner facing (5b) is based on a gypsum board or several superimposed.

8. Assembly for the realization of a building facade, comprising: facade elements, a rain screen (4), profiled elements (1) for holding and support and means for attaching said profiled elements to the floor noses (0) in the vertical position, a thermal insulation system comprising a first insulator (3) adapted to be placed in front of the floor noses (0) and a second insulator (5a) adapted to be placed inside between floors , a vapor barrier (5c), and an inner facing (5b) said profiled elements (1) being adapted to receive the first insulation (3) in substantially continuous layer on the surface of the facade, in particular essentially without pocket air, said elements having a flat surface (1c) intended to protrude in front of the floor noses (0) and separating two adjacent strips of this first insulator (3).