EP2231943B2 - Curtain wall - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to the facades of buildings as described in EP 1 533 431 A1 , or in the CSTB notebook n ° 3450, issue 437 - March 2003 (Annex 2, pb 2).

At present, many facades are made by masonry in small elements and / or poured concrete.

These facades are relatively heavy, and difficult to implement in some cases.

They do not provide a satisfactory treatment of thermal bridges at the interfaces with the structure and at singular points (balconies, loggias, recesses, etc.) whether in thermal insulation from the inside or from the outside.

At the end of the building's life, these facades are necessarily demolished; their deconstruction is impossible.

• limitation des ponts thermiques à un niveau raisonnable,
• intégration de parties opaques comme vitrées,
• étanchéité et imperméabilité à l'air suffisantes,
• adaptabilité à divers types de construction,
• coût de construction contenu.

Attempts to develop lightweight facades, in particular semi-curtain walls, have so far not met all of the requirements:

• limitation of thermal bridges to a reasonable level,
• integration of opaque and glazed parts,
• sufficient airtightness and impermeability to air,
• adaptability to various types of construction,
• construction cost contained.

• permet le traitement de l'intégralité de la façade d'un immeuble, parties opaques et parties vitrées,
• met à disposition une façade totalement (et a fortiori partiellement) déconstructible,
• d'un coût particulièrement avantageux, eu égard à la construction et en fonctionnement.

These problems have been solved by the invention which, in particular:

• allows the treatment of the entire facade of a building, opaque parts and glazed parts,
• provides a completely (and a fortiori partially) deconstructible facade,
• particularly advantageous in terms of construction and operation.

Excellent levels of thermal and acoustic insulation can be achieved.

To this end, the invention relates to a building facade according to claim 1

The nature of the facade elements constituting the outer envelope is not limited. It may, for example, be a metal wall (sheet metal which can be corrugated, etc.) or a wooden facing. These facade elements or in other words this exterior facing are advantageously fixed on vertical profiles (which can in particular be formed of "Z purlins") themselves fixed on said profile elements, over the rain screen, or on a framework. horizontal fixed on these vertical profiles or vertical Z purlins. An air space occupies the entire depth of the purlins Z, for example 2 cm.

Thus, between the rain screen and the exterior facing, an air space is formed, advantageously at least 2 cm thick (possible presence of vertical air circulation), in the volume corresponding to the depth. vertical profiles on which the exterior facing is fixed.

The rain screen, made of a flexible sheet of plastic material, is fixed to the outer face of said profiled elements. Alternatively, a wooden plate, or OSB (oriented strain board), or equivalent, can be interposed between profiled elements and rainscreen, in order to improve the acoustic performance of the facade.

The latter are attached to the floor noses by any suitable process, in a particularly practical manner from the outside, several modes of which will be detailed below.

Said first insulator preferably occupies almost the entire volume corresponding to the depth of said profiled elements. The insulation thickness need not be exactly the same as the depth of said profiled elements. On the other hand, it is essential that the surface of the facade is covered with a layer of insulation that is as continuous as possible. Thus, the layer of this first insulator is only interrupted, between two adjacent strips, over the thickness of a thin wall, perpendicular to the facade, of said profiled elements.

The possibilities of arranging the second interior insulation between floors, the vapor barrier and said facing, constituting an interior insulation system, are numerous, and several examples are detailed below.

The building facade of the invention offers very good mechanical properties, at the level currently required in terms of impact resistance, or in relation to cleaning pods, for example, or to the effects of earthquakes for residential buildings located in areas at medium risk and whose height does not exceed 28 meters, in particular.

The integration of opaque and glazed parts is easy, the ease of implementation of the most varied types and styles of construction is great.

The airtightness, obtained by installing an independent vapor barrier film, is good; excellent thermal and acoustic insulation can be obtained.

The facade of the invention is easily deconstructable, its manufacturing cost moderate.

• une surface plane arrière d'appui sur au moins un nez de plancher et d'appui et/ou fixation d'un système d'isolation intérieure,
• une surface plane avant de support et fixation du pare-pluie et des éléments de façade, et
• une surface plane médiane reliant les surfaces planes arrière et avant.

Said profiled elements have

• a rear flat support surface on at least one floor and support nose and / or fixing of an interior insulation system,
• a flat front surface for supporting and fixing the rain shield and facade elements, and
• a median flat surface connecting the rear and front flat surfaces.

In a simple and practical embodiment, the rear and front flat surfaces are in planes parallel to the main plane of the facade, and the median flat surface in a vertical plane perpendicular to the latter. Thus strips of insulation, of substantially parallelepipedal shapes, can be placed on either side of said median flat surface so as to maximize the space occupied by the insulation.

In a first variant of this particular embodiment, the rear flat surface is located on one side of the plane of the median flat surface. Said median flat surface can then be easily fixed, by screwing for example, to a bracket located on the side of the latter where the rear flat surface is not. This fixing is easily carried out from outside the building, the bracket having been previously fixed to the nose of the floor under the same conditions.

Three particularly practical embodiments can be cited.

According to the first embodiment, said front flat surface is positioned on the same side of the median flat surface as the rear flat surface: the profile is substantially U-shaped, or C-shaped (presence of return wings at the edges of the profile).

According to the second embodiment, said front flat surface is positioned only on the side of the median flat surface where the rear flat surface is not located: the profile can be roughly said in Z (two branches adjacent to the Z being perpendicular).

According to the third mode, the front flat surface is positioned on both sides of the median flat surface.

In a second variant, which can be combined with the first, said profiled elements are essentially inscribed in H-sections. This is understood to mean that they are H-sections, or only differ by the elimination of a part. end - thus we find in particular the shapes of the three modes of said first variant.

The H-profiles can easily be attached to the floor nosing from the outside. It suffices to fix first on the nose of the floor a fixing bracket provided with a first part to be fixed on the median flat surface of a first H-profile (upper) and a second part to be fixed on the surface. median plane of a second H-section (lower). Said front flat surface of the profiled elements covers one of the two lateral edges of a panel or strip of said first insulation, or two such lateral edges of neighboring panels or strips.

Said profiled elements are made of any material offering the high mechanical properties required at reasonable thicknesses - and weight -: there may be mentioned a metal, in particular aluminum and, preferably, a reinforced plastic material. The latter provides excellent mechanical characteristics at small wall sections of the profiles, good insulation performance - it solves the problem of thermal bridges at floor noses - good properties with respect to fire. These advantages will be detailed below.

Advantageously, the profiled elements are made of pultruded composite of resin and glass fibers, in particular continuous and / or in the form of mats. An acrylic, polyester, vinyl ester or epoxy resin can be used as the resin.

These materials provide the required mechanical properties.

They are excellent thermal insulators - thermal conductivity of the order of 0.2 W / mK - suitable for solving thermal bridging problems. They are also excellent electrical insulators.

They have very good fire resistance, are self-extinguishing and do not emit toxic smoke in the event of a fire, for many of them.

As an indication, the thickness of the walls of the profiled elements is of the order of 4 to 10 mm, which notably ensures satisfactory continuity of the insulating layer consisting of the juxtaposition of strips on either side of said middle wall. .

Preferably, said first and second insulators are chosen from insulators based on mineral fibers such as glass wool, rock wool, plant fibers such as hemp wool, linen, cotton, or animal origin such as wool. sheep.

Said interior facing is preferably based on a plasterboard (of the BA 25 type or thicker) or of several superimposed (at least two BA 13 ...).

The invention will be better understood in the following description of the accompanying drawings, in which the figures 1 to 8 schematically represent in perspective the successive stages of construction of a facade of the invention.

On the Figure 1 two noses of neighboring floors are shown. It is however specified that the facade of the invention is perfectly suited to a construction on a larger number of floors.

Profiles 1 are fixed to the floor noses 0 in a vertical position, at regular intervals of 600 mm.

The profiles 1 are U-shaped: each has an invisible concavity located, for the profiles in the foreground, on the left side.

Each section 1 has a parallel rear 1a and front 1b flat surface, connected to each other by a median flat surface 1c which is perpendicular to them. The latter has a width of about 120 mm, and a thickness of 6 mm.

The profiles 1 can be made of polyester resin reinforced with continuous glass fibers, and glass fiber mats.

The profiles 1 are attached to the floor noses 0 by means of brackets 2. The floor noses 0 may not be perfectly plumb with each other, this method of fixing the profiles 1 is compatible with a absence of contact between these 1 and a floor nose 0, that is to say with a non-zero - but small - distance from a section 1 to a floor nose 0.

The brackets 2 are metallic, or made of reinforced plastic. They are screwed both in a floor nose 0 and in a median flat surface 1c of profile 1.

On the Figure 2 the installation of insulation 3 is shown in the entire space defined by the depth of the profiles 1.

Insulation 3 consists of 120 mm thick glass wool panels marketed by Saint-Gobain Isover under the reference Panolène Façade. This glass wool has a thermal conductivity of 0.032 W / mK.

The glass wool is inserted into the concavity of the U-shaped profiles 1. As the floor noses 0 approach, it is first plugged into pins 31 fixed to the floor noses 0. Then the pins 31 are bent over. top of the 3 glass wool in place.

A rain shield 4 is then applied to said flat front surfaces 1b of the profiles 1, above the insulation 3 - see Figure 3 -. The rain shield consists in a known manner of a flexible plastic sheet, marketed in particular by the company Doerken Delta Fassade.

The exterior cladding of the facade, although forming part of the system of the invention, does not have specific characteristics, and is not described further here.

The construction of an interior facade insulation according to the invention will now be described.

With reference to the Figure 4 , are fixed on said rear flat surfaces 1a of the sections 1 of the horizontal furring strips 51. A rapid riveting process can be used with a gun.

The furs 51 consist of U-shaped metal sections provided with return wings. In this regard, and in the following description of the interior insulation, reference is also made to the request WO 2006/061538 .

On the other hand, low 52 and high 53 rails are fixed on the floor noses 0, at a distance from said flat rear surfaces 1a chosen so that the facing plates of the interior insulation come to rest on the low 52 and high rails 53 .

Then the support and bracing elements 54 are fixed in the horizontal furs 51, in particular each time by a certain elastic deformation thereof.

As appearing at the Figure 5 , an insulator 5a is plugged into the support and bracing elements 54. The insulator 5a is then positioned resting on the rear flat surfaces 1a of the profiles 1 and on the horizontal furring strips 51, behind the low and high rails 52 53.

Insulator 5a is glass wool with a thickness of between 80 and 120 mm, with a thermal conductivity equal to 0.032 W / mK, sold by the company Saint-Gobain Isover under the reference Isoconfort 32.

We then fit, on the support and bracing elements 54, retaining elements 55 of a fur - Figure 6 -.

Then, as shown Figure 7 , we just fix the vertical furs 56 on the retaining elements 55. The furs 56 are positioned behind the low 52 and high 53 stringers.

The vertical furs 56 consist, like the horizontal furs 51, of U-shaped metal sections provided with return wings. The retaining elements 55 cooperate with the support and bracing elements 54, so as to be able to easily adjust their position according to the normal to the facade with locking. They also cooperate with the vertical furs 56 by fixing them to the desired position according to this normal to the facade.

A vapor barrier 5c is placed on the flat back of the furs 56.

The vapor barrier is advantageously a humidity-regulating membrane marketed under the name Vario by the company Saint-Gobain Isover. A standard vapor barrier can consist of a polyethylene sheet 100-200 µm thick, for example.

As shown in the Figure 8 , two plasterboards 5b 13 mm thick or one 25 mm thick are attached to the vertical flat surface formed by the vertical furring strips 56, and the low 52 and high 53 rails.

Many variations are possible for the assembly of the second insulation 5a, of the vapor barrier 5c and of the interior facing 5b.

In particular, the combination of horizontal furs 51, support and bracing elements 54, retaining elements 55 and vertical furs 56 can easily be replaced.

Thus, it is possible to fix pins 31 as described above on the face of the profiles 1 oriented towards the interior of the building, in order to plug in and retain the second insulator 5a. Alternatively, the function of such pins 31 can be fulfilled by vertical profiles (U-shaped for example) fixed to the face of the profiles 1 facing the interior of the building, between two floors.

The vapor barrier 5c can be laid over the pins 31 or the vertical U-profiles.

In front of the vapor barrier 5c, it is possible to fix in rails R 36 of the French standard NF DTU 25.41, on the floor and on the ceiling, M 36 uprights according to the same standard, back to back (in pairs) in a vertical position . These M 36 uprights are U-sections. The volume corresponding to the depth of these uprights is left free (air space).

On the M 36 uprights, two plasterboards 5b type BA 13 (or one BA 25) are fixed.

In this embodiment, the fixings of the plasterboards 5b are independent and not connected to the profiles 1.

The facade thus formed meets the standards of mechanical resistance, is easily deconstructable. It provides excellent thermal and acoustic insulation. No masonry wall or equivalent is necessary between the first exterior insulation and the second interior insulation between floors.

Claims (6)

1. A building facade comprising essentially, and in the following order:

   • an exterior envelope made of facade elements,

   • a rain barrier (4),

   • profiled holding and supporting elements (1) fixed vertically to the floor edges (0),

   • a thermal insulation system comprising a first insulating element (3) in front of the floor edges (0) and a second insulating element (5a) on the inside, between floors,

   • a vapor barrier (5c), and

   • an interior lining (5b),
   the first insulating element (3) of which being basically continuous across the surface of the facade, being in particular essentially free of air pockets, two adjacent breadths of this first insulating element (3) being separated by a flat surface (1c) of said profiled elements (1) projecting forwards of the floor edges (0), and the profiled elements (1) have a flat rear surface (1a) for contact with at least one floor edge (0) and for contact with and/or attachment of an interior insulation system (5) comprising the said second insulating element (5a), the profiled elements (1) have

   • a flat front surface (1b) for the support and attachment of the rain barrier (4) and of the facade elements, and

   • a flat middle surface (1c) which joins the flat rear (1a) and front (1b) surfaces.
2. The building facade as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the profiled elements (1) are essentially inscribed within H, C, U or Z profiled elements.
3. The building facade as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the profiled elements (1) are made of reinforced plastic.
4. The building facade as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the profiled elements (1) are made of pultruded resin and glass fiber composite, which may in particular be continuous and/or in the form of mats.
5. The building facade as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first and second insulating elements (3, 5a) are selected from inorganic fiber-based insulating materials such as glass wool, rock wool, plant fibers such as hemp, flax and cotton wool, or fibers of animal origin such as sheep's wool.
6. The building facade as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the interior lining (5b) is based on a plasterboard sheet or multiple superposed such sheets.

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