EP0730067A1 - Light building facade and method for their manufacturing - Google Patents

Abstract

The walling material, esp. for providing insulation, consists of an inner layer (8) of a rigid material such as plaster panels, the outer surface of which is sprayed to form a vapour barrier film (10). This is covered by a layer (11) of a thermal insulation material based on mineral fibres and a binding agent. It is at least 1 cm thick and sprayed onto the film layer (10) so that it adheres to it, and is covered by an outer, continuous rainproof layer made from a micro-porous water-impermeable resin, sprayed onto the outer surface of the thermal insulation layer and penetrating it to a depth of at least 1 cm. The vapour barrier film (10) is pref. latex-based and at least 150 micron thick; the thermal insulation layer has a density of 200/250 kg/m<3>, and the rainproof micro-porous resin layer is based on methacrylic resin.

Description

The present invention relates to light facades for buildings, as well as to the methods of manufacturing such facades.

• (a) une paroi intérieure rigide présentant une face dite externe qui est orientée vers l'extérieur du bâtiment,
• (b) un film pare-vapeur, qui a pour fonction de protéger ladite surface externe contre les condensations ou infiltrations d'eau,
• (c) une couche d'isolant thermique présentant une surface extérieure, cette couche servant non seulement à l'isolation thermique lors de l'usage normal du bâtiment, mais également à la protection contre l'incendie au cas où des flammes lècheraient l'extérieur de la façade du bâtiment,
• (d) et une couche pare-pluie microporeuse perméable à l'air, mais non à l'eau, pour éviter les infiltrations d'eau dans la couche d'isolant thermique.

More particularly, the invention relates to a facade element intended to isolate the interior of a building from the outside, this facade element comprising, from the interior towards the exterior of the building,

• (a) a rigid interior wall having a so-called external face which is oriented towards the exterior of the building,
• (b) a vapor barrier film, which has the function of protecting said external surface against water condensation or infiltration,
• (c) a layer of thermal insulation having an exterior surface, this layer serving not only for thermal insulation during normal use of the building, but also for fire protection in the event of flames licking the exterior of the building facade,
• (d) and a microporous rain barrier layer permeable to air, but not to water, to prevent infiltration of water into the thermal insulation layer.

• la paroi intérieure est constituée par des plaques de plâtre qui s'étendent sur toute la hauteur d'un étage du bâtiment et qui sont fixées par des vis sur une ossature en profilés métalliques,
• le film pare-vapeur est constitué par des lés de polyane qui présentent une épaisseur par exemple de l'ordre de 150 µm, ces lés étant juxtaposés et raccordés les uns aux autres par des rubans adhésifs, et ces lés étant également fixés à l'ossature par des rubans adhésifs à double face,
• la couche d'isolant thermique est constituée par deux sous-couches formées chacune par des plaques de laine minérale semi-rigide s'étendant sur toute la hauteur de l'étage considéré, les plaques étant décalées d'une sous-couche à l'autre de façon que les plaques de la sous-couche extérieure recouvrent les jointures entre les plaques de la sous-couche intérieure,
• et la couche pare-pluie est constituée par un film microporeux en PVC fixé sur une ossature extérieure de la façade, un vide d'air étant généralement ménagé entre la couche pare-pluie et la couche d'isolant thermique, et un parement extérieur étant fixé sur l'ossature extérieure en recouvrant la couche pare-pluie.

The known facade elements of the genre in question are generally produced in the following manner:

• the inner wall is made up of plasterboard which extends over the entire height of a storey of the building and which are fixed by screws on a framework of metal profiles,
• the vapor barrier film is formed by polyane strips which have a thickness for example of the order of 150 μm, these strips being juxtaposed and connected to each other by adhesive tapes, and these strips being also fixed to the frame with double-sided adhesive tapes,
• the thermal insulation layer consists of two sub-layers each formed by semi-rigid mineral wool plates extending over the entire height of the stage in question, the plates being offset from one sub-layer to the other so that the plates of the external sub-layer cover the joints between the plates of the internal sub-layer,
• and the rain barrier layer is constituted by a microporous PVC film fixed on an external framework of the facade, an air gap being generally formed between the rain barrier layer and the thermal insulation layer, and an external facing being fixed on the external framework by covering the rain barrier layer.

• le film pare-vapeur est difficile à mettre en place notamment en cas de vent, et il n'est généralement pas étanche au niveau des jonctions entre les lés, au niveau du plancher inférieur et au niveau de la sous-face du plancher supérieur ; de plus, ce film est susceptible d'être déchiré lors de sa mise en oeuvre, notamment entre le moment où il est mis en place et le moment où les plaques de plâtre sont fixées à l'ossature ; si des condensations ou infiltrations d'eau se produisent dans la couche d'isolant thermique, le film pare-vapeur assure donc une protection médiocre ou quasi-inexistante de la paroi intérieure en plâtre ;
• la couche d'isolant thermique est difficile à mettre en oeuvre dans les zones où les plaques d'isolant doivent être découpées du fait de la présence de fenêtres, de portes, ou autres points singuliers, de sorte que cette couche est mal mise en place et procure une isolation médiocre dans ces zones de plus, la couche d'isolant thermique se tasse au cours du temps, de sorte qu'après une certaine durée d'existence du bâtiment, cette couche devient inexistante au niveau de la sous-face du plancher supérieur de chaque étage, d'où une absence d'isolation et un défaut de protection contre l'incendie dans cette zone ; en outre, la fixation des plaques d'isolant de la sous-couche extérieure est difficile, puisqu'elle se fait généralement au moyen de feuillards métalliques qui sont vissés à travers la sous-couche extérieure dans l'ossature à laquelle est fixée la paroi intérieure ;
• la mise place de la couche pare-pluie est difficile, voire dangereuse en cas de vent, puisque cette mise en place implique de manipuler des lés de feuille en PVC de grande surface en hauteur et à l'extérieur du bâtiment ; cette couche pare-pluie présente généralement une étanchéité défectueuse du fait de la difficulté de raccorder de façon étanche les bords des lés de films PVC les uns avec les autres ou avec les encadrements de fenêtres ou de portes ; il en résulte des infiltrations d'eau dans le bâtiment, puisque le parement extérieur qui recouvre la couche pare-pluie n'est généralement pas étanche lui non plus.

These known facade elements have the following drawbacks:

• the vapor barrier film is difficult to install, in particular in the event of wind, and it is generally not waterproof at the junctions between the strips, at the level of the lower floor and at the level of the underside of the upper floor; moreover, this film is capable of being torn during its implementation, in particular between the moment when it is put in place and the moment when the plasterboards are fixed to the framework; if water condensation or infiltration occurs in the thermal insulation layer, the vapor barrier film therefore provides poor or almost non-existent protection of the interior plaster wall;
• the thermal insulating layer is difficult to apply in the areas where the insulating plates must be cut due to the presence of windows, doors, or other singular points, so that this layer is poorly placed and provides poor insulation in these areas further, the thermal insulation layer settles over time, so that after a certain period of existence of the building, this layer becomes nonexistent at the underside of the upper floor of each floor, resulting in a lack of insulation and a lack of fire protection in this area; moreover, the fixing of the insulating plates of the external sub-layer is difficult, since it is generally done at by means of metal strips which are screwed through the outer sub-layer into the framework to which the inner wall is fixed;
• the installation of the rain barrier layer is difficult, even dangerous in the event of wind, since this installation involves handling strips of PVC sheet of large surface area in height and outside the building; this rain barrier layer generally has a defective seal due to the difficulty of sealingly joining the edges of the strips of PVC films with each other or with the window or door frames; this results in water infiltration into the building, since the exterior facing which covers the rain barrier layer is generally not waterproof either.

The present invention aims to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks.

• le film pare-vapeur est un film continu constitué par un matériau étanche qui est projeté sur toute la face externe de la paroi intérieure et qui adhère à ladite paroi intérieure,
• la couche d'isolant thermique est une couche continue constituée par un matériau à base de fibres minérales adhérant les unes aux autres au moyen d'un liant, ce matériau étant projeté sur l'ensemble du film pare-vapeur et adhérant à ce film pare-vapeur, et la couche d'isolant thermique ayant une épaisseur supérieure à un centimètre,
• et la couche pare-pluie est une couche continue constituée par une résine microporeuse étanche à l'eau, qui est projetée sur toute la surface extérieure de la couche d'isolant thermique et qui pénètre dans cette couche d'isolant thermique sur une épaisseur au moins égale à un centimètre.

To this end, according to the invention, a facade element of the kind in question is essentially characterized in that:

• the vapor barrier film is a continuous film constituted by a waterproof material which is sprayed over the entire external face of the interior wall and which adheres to said interior wall,
• the thermal insulating layer is a continuous layer consisting of a material based on mineral fibers adhering to each other by means of a binder, this material being sprayed onto the entire vapor barrier film and adhering to this barrier film -vapor, and the layer of thermal insulator having a thickness greater than one centimeter,
• and the rain barrier layer is a continuous layer constituted by a microporous waterproof resin, which is sprayed over the entire outer surface of the thermal insulation layer and which penetrates into this thermal insulation layer over a thickness of less than one centimeter.

• la face externe de la paroi intérieure rigide est rendue parfaitement étanche, de sorte que cette paroi intérieure ne risque pas d'être dégradée par d'éventuels phénomènes de condensation ou d'éventuelles infiltrations d'eau qui pourraient avoir lieu dans la couche d'isolant thermique ;
• la couche d'isolant thermique peut être mise en place correctement même au voisinage de points singuliers tels que des portes, des fenêtres etc. ; cette couche d'isolant thermique est continue, et elle n'est pas susceptible de tassements au cours du temps, de sorte qu'elle assure parfaitement sa fonction d'isolation thermique et de protection vis-à-vis du feu ;
• la couche pare-pluie est parfaitement étanche et continue, de sorte qu'elle évite la pénétration d'humidité ou les infiltrations d'eau à l'intérieur de la couche d'isolant thermique, cette couche ayant en outre un effet antidéfibrant sur la couche d'isolant et généralement également un effet fongicide ;
• et les différentes couches peuvent être réalisées avec une productivité très élevée tout en garantissant une qualité élevée et constante.

Thanks to these provisions:

• the outer face of the rigid inner wall is made perfectly sealed, so that this inner wall is not likely to be degraded by possible condensation phenomena or possible water infiltration which could take place in the layer of thermal insulator ;
• the thermal insulating layer can be installed correctly even in the vicinity of singular points such as doors, windows, etc. ; this layer of thermal insulation is continuous, and it is not susceptible to settlement over time, so that it perfectly performs its function of thermal insulation and protection against fire;
• the rain barrier layer is perfectly waterproof and continuous, so that it prevents the ingress of moisture or water infiltration inside the thermal insulation layer, this layer also having an anti-defibrating effect on the insulation layer and generally also a fungicidal effect;
• and the different layers can be produced with very high productivity while guaranteeing a high and constant quality.

• la face externe de la paroi intérieure est imperméable à l'eau : ainsi la paroi intérieure ne risque pas d'être détériorée par les intempéries entre le moment de sa mise en place et le moment où sa face externe est recouverte par la couche pare-vapeur ;
• le matériau constituant le film pare-vapeur est à base de latex ;
• le film pare-vapeur présente une épaisseur d'au moins 150 µm ;
• le matériau constituant la couche d'isolant thermique présente une densité comprise entre 200 kg/m³ et 250 kg/m³ : ainsi, outre ses caractéristiques d'isolation thermique, la couche d'isolant thermique peut présenter d'une part une isolation phonique excellente, et d'autre part une inertie thermique qui peut être meilleure que celle d'un voile en béton armé d'épaisseur comparable, ce qui garantit une très bonne protection contre l'incendie ; la masse volumique de cette couche d'isolant thermique reste néanmoins très faible comparée à celle du béton, ce qui allège le bâtiment et facilite sa protection thermique ;
• la résine microporeuse constituant la couche pare-pluie est à base de résine méthacrylique ;
• la paroi intérieure est solidaire d'une ossature rigide fixée au bâtiment, cette ossature étant recouverte vers l'extérieur du bâtiment par le film pare-vapeur et disposée à l'intérieur de la couche d'isolant thermique : cette ossature participe ainsi efficacement à l'accrochage du matériau projeté constituant la couche d'isolant thermique, et cette ossature est également parfaitement protégée contre d'éventuelles infiltrations d'eau ou d'éventuelles condensations d'eau par le film pare-vapeur qui la recouvre, ce qui est particulièrement important lorsque l'ossature en question est métallique.

In preferred embodiments, use is also made of one and / or the other of the following arrangements:

• the external face of the internal wall is impermeable to water: thus the internal wall is not likely to be deteriorated by bad weather between the moment of its installation and the moment when its external face is covered by the barrier layer. steam;
• the material constituting the vapor barrier film is based on latex;
• the vapor barrier film has a thickness of at least 150 μm;
• the material constituting the thermal insulating layer has a density of between 200 kg / m ³ and 250 kg / m ³ : thus, in addition to its thermal insulation characteristics, the thermal insulating layer may have excellent sound insulation on the one hand, and thermal inertia on the other which may be better than that of a reinforced concrete veil of comparable thickness, which guarantees very good fire protection; the density of this layer of thermal insulation nevertheless remains very low compared to that of concrete, which lightens the building and facilitates its thermal protection;
• the microporous resin constituting the rain barrier layer is based on methacrylic resin;
• the inner wall is secured to a rigid frame fixed to the building, this frame being covered towards the outside of the building by the vapor barrier film and disposed inside the layer of thermal insulation: this frame thus effectively participates in the attachment of the projected material constituting the thermal insulating layer, and this framework is also perfectly protected against possible water infiltration or possible water condensation by the vapor barrier film which covers it, which is particularly important when the frame in question is metallic.

The invention also relates to a building facade extending over several floors, this building facade comprising facade elements as defined above at each floor, the thermal insulating layer and the barrier layer. rain extending continuously from one floor to another: this continuity between floors allows a perfect seal and thermal insulation of the facade.

• mettre en place la paroi intérieure,
• projeter la matériau constitutif du film pare-vapeur sur la face externe de la paroi intérieure, ce matériau étant alors sous forme fluide et collante,
• avant séchage du film pare-vapeur, projeter le matériau constituant la couche d'isolant thermique en faisant entraîner ce matériau par de l'air comprimé et en mouillant ce matériau au moment de sa projection pour le rendre collant,
• et projeter la résine microporeuse à l'extérieur de la couche d'isolant thermique, cette résine étant alors à l'état fluide.

Finally, the invention also relates to a method for manufacturing a facade element, comprising the following steps:

• set up the inner wall,
• spray the constituent material of the vapor barrier film on the external face of the internal wall, this material then being in fluid and sticky form,
• before drying the vapor barrier film, spray the material constituting the thermal insulating layer by causing this material to be entrained by compressed air and by wetting this material at the time of its projection to make it sticky,
• and spraying the microporous resin on the outside of the thermal insulating layer, this resin then being in the fluid state.

Preferably, the projection of the material constituting the thermal insulating layer takes place less than two hours after the projection of the material constituting the vapor barrier film.

Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will appear during the following detailed description of one of its embodiments, given by way of nonlimiting example, with reference to the accompanying drawings.

• la figure 1 est une vue en coupe verticale d'une façade légère selon une forme de réalisation de l'invention,
• et la figure 2 est une vue en coupe horizontale selon la ligne II-II de la figure 1.

In the drawings:

• FIG. 1 is a view in vertical section of a light facade according to an embodiment of the invention,
• and Figure 2 is a horizontal sectional view along the line II-II of Figure 1.

In the two figures, the same references designate identical or similar elements.

FIGS. 1 and 2 schematically represent a light facade 1 intended to close a building 2 to isolate the interior 3 of this building from the exterior 4.

The building 2 shown in Figure 1 has several floors separated from each other by floors 5, but the invention is also applicable to buildings with a single floor.

The light facade 1 has an exterior facing 6 which generally has no sealing function or thermal or acoustic insulation function. This external facing is generally fixed to an external metal frame 7 which is itself fixed to the edges of the various floors 5.

• une paroi intérieure rigide 8 fixée à une ossature intérieure 9,
• un film ou pellicule pare-vapeur 10,
• une couche d'isolant thermique 11,
• et une couche pare-pluie 12, de préférence séparée du parement extérieur par un espace creux 13.

To ensure the sealing functions of the facade, as well as the thermal and acoustic insulation and fire protection functions, the facade also has the following different layers behind the exterior facing, from the inside towards the outside of the building:

• a rigid interior wall 8 fixed to an interior framework 9,
• a vapor barrier film or film 10,
• a layer of thermal insulator 11,
• and a rain barrier layer 12, preferably separated from the exterior facing by a hollow space 13.

The internal framework is constituted by metal sections with U-shaped section which extend vertically between the lower and upper floors 5 of each floor and which are fixed to these two floors.

The U-shaped profiles can be arranged with the two wings of their U substantially parallel to the facade 1, but other arrangements can be envisaged, and profiles having different shapes could also be used.

Furthermore, the internal framework 9 could possibly be made of a material other than a metal, for example wood.

In addition, although this is not preferred in the context of the present invention, the internal framework 9 could possibly be removed if the internal wall 8 had sufficient mechanical strength and if this wall could be securely fixed to the lower and upper floors 5.

The inner wall 8 is constituted by plasterboards juxtaposed with one another which extend over the entire height of a storey and which are fixed to the inner framework 9 by screwing or other, on the interior side 3 of the building.

Preferably, the external face 8a of the plasterboard 8, which is directed towards the outside of the building, is constituted by a sheet of aluminum or of another waterproof material, which protects said plasterboard bad weather between the time they are applied and the time when the vapor barrier film 10 is applied.

Optionally, the inner wall 8 could be made of a rigid material other than plaster, for example wood, plastic or metal. In addition, the wall 8, instead of being flat, could if necessary have ribs or undulations projecting towards the outside of the building, to replace the framework 9.

The vapor barrier film 10, on the other hand, is a continuous and waterproof film constituted by a waterproof material which is applied to the entire external face 8a of the interior wall and to the visible parts of the framework 9, and which adheres to this external face 8a and the frame 9.

The material constituting the vapor barrier film 10 is applied by spraying this material under pressure in a fluid and tacky form, so that said material adheres to the external face 8a of the internal wall 8 and to the internal framework. 9.

The vapor barrier film thus obtained preferably has a thickness at least equal to 150 μm and a surface density at least equal to 200 g / m ² .

The material constituting the vapor barrier film 10 is preferably based on latex.

Advantageously, this material may be that marketed under the brand "BRL" by the company RUAUD INDUSTRIES, Z.I. de la Croix Saint-Nicolas, 18 rue Gustave Eiffel, 94510 LA QUEUE-EN-BRIE - FRANCE.

This material consists of approximately 80% by weight of latex associated with surfactants, and approximately 20% by weight of an aqueous dispersion of a copolymer with a low acrylonitrile content, this aqueous dispersion comprising lauryl sulphate which represents approximately 1% of the total weight of the material, and a water-soluble thickener, in particular polyurethane, which represents 2% of the total weight of the material.

This "BRL" material has the advantage of being easy to spray under pressure, and it retains over time very good elasticity and water and air tightness characteristics.

In addition, the brand material "BRL" plays a role of corrosion inhibitor, in particular thanks to the various surfactants which it contains, which is particularly advantageous for protecting the internal metallic framework 9 against any corrosion coming from a hypothetical water infiltration or condensation of water vapor inside the layer 11 of insulating material.

After its application, the material constituting the vapor barrier film 10 dries gradually, but it remains tacky for approximately 2 hours.

Before the end of the drying of the film 10, a thermally insulating material is projected onto this film 10 to form the layer 11 of thermal insulation which continuously covers the entire vapor barrier film 10 over the entire height between the floors lower and upper 5 of the stage considered and which adheres to the vapor barrier film 10 due to the tacky state of said film 10 at the time of projection.

The attachment of the flocking constituting the layer 11 on the film 10 is further facilitated by the framework 9, which projects inside the layer 11 and which thus mechanically blocks this layer 11.

In addition, when the building has several floors, as shown in FIG. 1, the layer 11 of insulating material is preferably continuous from one floor to another, so as to avoid any creation of a thermal bridge between the interior and outside the building.

The insulating material used consists of fibers mineral coated with binder which are projected in a stream of compressed air and which are wetted at the time of their projection to adhere to each other.

An example of such a material is marketed under the brand name "Protec-flame" by the company RUAUD INDUSTRIES, Z.I. de la Croix Saint-Nicolas, 18 rue Gustave Eiffel, 94510 LA QUEUE-EN-BRIE - FRANCE.

This "flame retardant" material is composed of mineral wool coated with Portland cement, plaster, bentonite clay, organic binders and dustproof oil.

The thermal insulation which can be obtained thanks to the layer 11 can be 30% greater than the thermal insulation obtained by the techniques of the prior art, for equal thickness.

The layer of insulating material 11 preferably has a thickness between 1 cm and 15 cm, and a density which can be for example between 200 and 250 kg / m ³ , advantageously close to 230 kg / m ³ .

Thanks in particular to this density, the layer 11 has, in addition to its thermal insulation qualities, excellent acoustic insulation characteristics and a high thermal inertia which allows good protection against fire. Thus, a layer 11 12 cm thick has a thermal inertia substantially equal to that of a reinforced concrete veil with a thickness of 16 cm associated with a layer of glass wool 9 cm thick, and this for a density of layer 11 about 10 times less important than concrete.

The thermal insulating layer 11 therefore makes it possible to obtain high thermal and acoustic insulation and fire protection characteristics, without however presenting a high weight, which is an important characteristic in any building and in particular in anti-seismic buildings.

The outer surface 11a of the thermal insulating layer 11 is covered by a rain barrier layer 12 which extends continuously over the entire outer surface 11a, and preferably continuously from one floor to another when the building has several floors.

This rain barrier layer consists of a microporous resin based on methacrylic resin, which is sprayed onto the surface 11a, under pressure and in a liquid form, mixed with solvents.

For example, the product projected in liquid form to form the rain barrier layer 12 could be that marketed under the brand "BRH" by the company RUAUD INDUSTRIES, ZI de la Croix Saint-Nicolas, 18 rue Gustave Eiffel, 94510 LA QUEUE-EN-BRIE - FRANCE. This "BRH" product consists of 84% solvents and 16% methacrylic resin, in mass percentages.

The microporous resin penetrates over a thickness of at least 1 cm, and preferably over 2 to 3 cm, inside the thermal insulating layer 11, by filling the interstitial voids of this thermal insulating layer.

After drying, the rain barrier layer 12 is waterproof and thus prevents any infiltration or condensation of water in the thermal insulator layer 11, while remaining permeable to air.

In addition, thanks to the penetration of the resin inside the thermal insulating layer, the resin has an anti-defibrating effect, which means that it prevents the mineral fibers constituting the thermal insulating layer 11 do not separate from each other, thereby reducing the mechanical strength and the insulation efficiency of the layer 11.

In addition, the resin constituting the rain barrier layer 12 generally exhibits fungicidal properties which have a sanitizing action on the fibers constituting the thermal insulating layer 11.

Optionally, it would be possible to produce prefabricated facade elements comprising the layers 8, 10, 11 and 12 and possibly the internal framework 9, then to install each of these elements in a single block. prefabricated facade in a building.

Claims (10)

Facade element intended to isolate the interior of a building from the outside, this facade element comprising, from the interior towards the exterior of the building, (a) a rigid interior wall (8) having a so-called external face (8a) which is oriented towards the exterior of the building, (b) a vapor barrier film (10), (c) a layer of thermal insulator (11) having an outer surface (11a), (d) and an air permeable microporous rain barrier layer (12), characterized in that : the vapor barrier film (10) is a continuous film constituted by a waterproof material which is sprayed over the entire external face (8a) of the inner wall and which adheres to said inner wall, - the thermal insulating layer (11) is a continuous layer consisting of a material based on mineral fibers adhering to each other by means of a binder, this material being sprayed onto the entire vapor barrier film (10 ) and adhering to this vapor barrier film, and the layer of thermal insulation having a thickness greater than one centimeter, - And the rain barrier layer (12) is a continuous layer constituted by a microporous waterproof resin, which is sprayed on the entire outer surface (lla) of the thermal insulating layer and which penetrates into this layer d thermal insulation over a thickness of at least one centimeter. A facade element according to claim 1, in which the external face (8a) of the interior wall is impermeable to water. Facade element according to either of Claims 1 and 2, in which the constituent material the vapor barrier film (10) is based on latex. Facade element according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the vapor barrier film (10) has a thickness of at least 150 µm. Facade element according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the material constituting the thermal insulating layer (11) has a density of between 200 kg / m ³ and 250 kg / m ³ . Facade element according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the microporous resin constituting the rain barrier layer (12) is based on methacrylic resin. Facade element according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the internal wall (8) is integral with a rigid framework (9) fixed to the building, this framework being covered towards the exterior of the building by the vapor barrier film. (10) and arranged inside the thermal insulating layer (11). Building facade extending over several floors, this building facade comprising facade elements according to any one of the preceding claims at each floor, the thermal insulation layer (11) and the rain barrier layer (12 ) extending continuously from one floor to another. Method for manufacturing a facade element according to any one of Claims 1 to 7, comprising the following steps: - set up the inner wall (8), spraying the material constituting the vapor barrier film (10) on the external face (8a) of the interior wall, this material then being in fluid and sticky form, - before drying the vapor barrier film (10), spray the material constituting the thermal insulation layer (11) by causing this material to be entrained by compressed air and by wetting this material at the time of its projection to make it sticky , - And spraying the microporous resin (12) outside the thermal insulating layer, this resin then being in the fluid state. Method of manufacturing a facade element according to claim 9, in which the projection of the material constituting the thermal insulating layer (11) takes place less than two hours after the projection of the material constituting the vapor barrier film (10) .

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