EP0294265B1 - Fireproof doors - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to fire doors of the type comprising a frame and an opening adapted to rotate relative to the frame and resistant to fire, said opening comprising a structural frame and two parallel rectangular vertical facings between which is disposed a thermally insulating material. .

It finds a particularly interesting, although not exclusive, application in the field of fire doors used in industrial buildings and having to resist fire for more than an hour.

They can, in particular, be advantageously used in the industry of the conventional or nuclear type.

We already know many types of fire doors with one or more leaves. The manufacturers of these doors have generally tried to optimize the fire resistance to the detriment of the mechanical resistance. In known fire doors, efforts are made to reduce the metal masses, which makes it possible to avoid the creation of thermal bridges. It follows a greater fragility of the leaves.

The invention aims to provide fire doors that meet the requirements of practice better than those previously known, in particular in that they have a high mechanical resistance allowing a large number of operations without deterioration (of the order of 600,000 operations ) while maintaining fire resistance characteristics acceptable to safety organizations.

To this end, the invention provides in particular a fire door of the type defined above, characterized in that each facing consists of two steel plates and a core of composite material formed of a hydraulic binder and fibers reinforcement, said core being disposed between the two plates and fixing them to each other, in that each facing is removably attached to the structural frame formed by metal profiles and in that the opening further comprises an external frame covering the edges of the facings from which it is separated by a fireproof joint.

A priori, the design of such a type of fire door appears particularly unattractive to a skilled person because such a door seems to allow many thermal bridges. In fact, and surprisingly, the use of facings of the type described combined with an external frame isolated from the edges of the facings by a fire-retardant seal retains at the door good fire resistance characteristics, while making it possible to constitute a door having a structure strong enough mechanically to allow a very large number of openings-closings much greater than the number authorized by the doors of the prior art.

Another important advantage comes from the possibility of dismantling a facing of the solid structure frame on which it is fixed; this advantage allows a significant reduction in the cost price of an installed fire door. The need to install fire doors very early on a site, in fact, often results in the replacement of the opening elements at the end of the site. With removable facings, it is no longer necessary to replace the opening if part of it is damaged during the works or in the operating phase, hence a lower cost.

• - le matériau isolant thermiquement placé entre les parements est une nappe en fibres céramiques. Le fait d'utiliser une nappe permet de s'affranchir des recouvrements existant à l'intérieur de l'ouvrant même, lesquels recouvrements peuvent former des passages privilégiés de la chaleur lorsqu'ils sont mal jointifs ; ceci est un inconvénient que l'on rencontre de façon classique dans les portes coupe-feu connues, où l'on utilise des panneaux de laine de roche.
• - le dormant est constitué par un cadre fermé rigide. Dans l'art antérieur, le dormant est, en général, constitué par un portique à trois côtés dont les pieds sont scellés dans le béton. Ce type de constitution du dormant présente de nombreux inconvénients dont celui d'être déformable et, à sa mise en place, d'être tributaire des tolérances de niveaux du gros-oeuvre (de l'ordre du centimètre) pour le montage d'une porte qui se fait aux tolérances mécaniques (de l'ordre de quelques millimètres). Comme le jeu entre le dormant et l'ouvrant doit être très faible, un cadre fermé rigide présente donc un avantage certain.
• - l'ouvrant comporte un seul point de fermeture propre à coopérer avec le dormant pour assurer le maintien de la fermeture de l'ouvrant sur le dormant lors d'un incendie. Cette disposition est rendue possible par la bonne résistance mécanique de la porte selon l'invention qui permet de s'affranchir des deux points d'ancrage supplémentaires prévus de façon classique sur les portes coupe-feu.
• - l'âme en matériau composite des parements est en ciment armé par des fibres cellulosiques à l'exclusion de fibres comportant de l'amiante,
• - les deux plaques sont en acier galvanisé et perforées de trous dont les bords sont recourbés vers l'âme de façon à accrocher lesdites plaques à l'âme en matériau composite lors de la fabrication dudit parement.
• Une telle fabrication se fait avantageusement avant solidification de l'âme, les plaques en acier étant pressées l'une vers l'autre sur l'âme.
• - les parements sont fixés au cadre de structure par des vis dont les têtes sont protégées par l'encadrement extérieur recouvrant les bords desdits parements,
• - la porte coupe-feu comporte un imposte de constitution identique à celle de la porte,
• - le dormant comporte des joints entre l'ouvrant et le dormant protégés par des plaques métalliques.

In advantageous embodiments, use is also made of one and / or the other of the following arrangements:

• - the thermally insulating material placed between the facings is a sheet of ceramic fibers. The fact of using a ply makes it possible to overcome the overlaps existing inside the opening itself, which overlaps can form privileged passages of heat when they are poorly joined; this is a drawback that is encountered conventionally in known fire doors, where rock wool panels are used.
• - the frame consists of a rigid closed frame. In the prior art, the frame is, in general, constituted by a gantry with three sides whose feet are sealed in concrete. This type of frame construction has many drawbacks, including that of being deformable and, when it is put in place, of being dependent on the tolerances of structural work levels (of the order of a centimeter) for mounting a door which is made to mechanical tolerances (of the order of a few millimeters). As the clearance between the frame and the opening must be very small, a rigid closed frame therefore has a definite advantage.
• - the opening has a single point of closure capable of cooperating with the frame to maintain the closure of the opening on the frame during a fire. This arrangement is made possible by the good mechanical strength of the door according to the invention which makes it possible to overcome the two additional anchoring points provided conventionally on fire doors.
• the core of composite material of the facing is made of cement reinforced with cellulosic fibers, excluding fibers comprising asbestos,
• - The two plates are made of galvanized steel and perforated with holes whose edges are curved towards the core so as to hang said plates from the core of composite material during the manufacture of said facing.
• Such manufacture is advantageously carried out before solidification of the core, the steel plates being pressed towards each other on the core.
• the facings are fixed to the structural frame by screws, the heads of which are protected by the external frame covering the edges of said facings,
• - the fire door has a transom identical to that of the door,
• - the frame has seals between the sash and the frame protected by metal plates.

The invention will be better understood on reading the following description of several particular embodiments given by way of nonlimiting examples.

• - la Figure 1 est une vue de face de la porte coupe-feu selon l'invention,
• - la Figure 2 est une vue arrière de la figure 1,
• -la Figure 3 est une coupe partielle suivant III-III de la Figure 1,
• -la Figure 4 est une coupe partielle suivant IV-IV de la figure 1,
• - la Figure 5 est une vue partielle agrandie et en coupe d'un parement de porte coupe-feu selon l'invention,
• - la Figure 6 est une vue de face d'une variante selon l'invention à deux vantaux,
• - la Figure 7 est une vue en coupe partielle selon VII-VII de la figure 6,
• - la Figure 8 est une vue de face d'une variante de la figure 1 avec imposte,
• - la Figure 9 est une coupe partielle selon IX-IX de la figure 8, et
• - la Figure 10 est une vue de face d'une variante avec imposte de la figure 6.

The description refers to the accompanying drawings in which:

• FIG. 1 is a front view of the fire door according to the invention,
• FIG. 2 is a rear view of FIG. 1,
• FIG. 3 is a partial section along III-III of FIG. 1,
• FIG. 4 is a partial section along IV-IV of FIG. 1,
• FIG. 5 is an enlarged partial view in section of a fire door facing according to the invention,
• FIG. 6 is a front view of a variant according to the invention with two leaves,
• FIG. 7 is a partial sectional view along VII-VII of FIG. 6,
• FIG. 8 is a front view of a variant of FIG. 1 with fanlight,
• FIG. 9 is a partial section along IX-IX of FIG. 8, and
• FIG. 10 is a front view of a variant with fanlight in FIG. 6.

Figure 1 shows a front view (front) of the fire door according to the invention, comprising a frame 1 and an opening 2 relative to the frame and fire resistant. The door is, for example, dimensioned to be fire-resistant for one hour thirty and flame arrester three hours.

The opening 2 pivots around hinges 3 of known type, with bearings. The door is provided with a handle 4 on the front side and a door closer 4a.

Figure 2 shows the rear view (back) of the door according to the invention and comprises a panic device 5 known per se. The construction of the fire door is clearly shown in the section of Figure 3. The opening 2 has two vertical facings 6 parallel rectangular, between which is disposed a thermally insulating material 7 consisting of a sheet of ceramic fibers. This sheet is for example made of fibers known under the name "Kerlane" with a high melting point (1700 _° C.) and poor thermal conductivity.

As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 and more precisely in FIG. 5, each facing consists of two steel plates 8 pierced with holes 9 distributed evenly over said plates and a core 10 of composite material formed of a hydraulic binder 10 ′ and reinforcing fibers 10 ". The hydraulic binder can advantageously be constituted by cement and the reinforcing fibers by cellulose fibers without asbestos. The two steel plates 8 are preferably galvanized and after perforation are pressed onto the core which is not yet solidified when the facing is formed. The core 10 fixes the plates 8 rigidly to one another while solidifying. The holes 9 in the plates 8 are obtained by stamping so to form curved edges 9a towards the core 10 so as to allow the plates to be hooked into the core itself, each facing 8 is removably fixed by screws 11 to a structural frame 12 ent ouring the insulating material 7. This structural frame is formed by two horizontal U-shaped profiles and two vertical U-shaped profiles. The screws 11 for fixing the facings on this frame constituted by profiles are in sufficient number to ensure a good distribution of the forces (for example ten on the height of the facing and four or five on the width).

The opening 2 further comprises an outer frame 13 constituted by metal profiles in L or U 14 electro-galvanized. This frame covers and covers the edges 15 of the facings and are separated by a seal 16, highly thermal insulator of the type known as "kerlane paper".

The frame 1 of the fire door according to the invention consists of a closed, rigid, rectangular frame comprising a base 20 (Fig.4) on which the two vertical uprights 21 (Fig.3) are welded. L-shaped angles and a lintel 22. When mounting the frame, it is leveled in a reservation 23 provided for this purpose in the concrete slab 24 of the ground. A wedging and centering device 25 is also provided in the upper part of the lintel 22 which is inserted into a reservation provided in a concrete wall 26. The opening, in the closed position, comes to rest on the angles 27 welded to the lintels and to the vertical uprights, by means of flexible seals 28, These seals, anti-finger grip (for example of the type known under the brand "Helios" for two-way door) ensure sealing and damping between the contacting surfaces.

In Figure 3 appears, formed in the thermally insulating material 7 of the opening, a reservation 30 in which is inserted a lock 30a of known type and whose handle 4 appears on one side, and the anti -panic 5 appears on the other. This lock comprises a latching bolt 31 which cooperates with the frame 1 in a keeper 32 when the opening is closed on the frame. The lock disposed inside the reservation 30 is placed in a trunk 33 and isolated from said trunk by means of a "kerlane paper" sheet 34; There is shown in Fig.3 the lock 30a in a simplified manner by a hatched space in broken lines.

The opening is kept closed by a single point formed by the bolt of the lock, without it being necessary to add at the top and bottom of the opening additional attachment points.

In FIGS. 3 and 4, there are also seen seals 40 of the intumescent and fire-resistant type which react to heat by expanding so as to close the interstices between opening and frame to prevent the passage of flames, hot gases. and fumes. These seals are protected by metal plates 41 welded to the frame, in front of the seal in the direction of the opening of the opening. These metal plates protect the joint from shocks with all external objects which may occur during the openings and closings of the fire door.

FIG. 6 shows a fire door according to the invention, comprising two openings 50, 51 of which one 50 is capable of remaining in the closed position and the other 51 is identical to the opening described above. The leaf intended to remain generally closed comprises (cf. fig. 7) a closing device 52 known per se (FIG. 7) and having a point of attachment to the frame at the top 53 and at the bottom 54 of the leaf. During when it closes, the leaf which opens comes to rest on the leaf which remains closed by means of its external frame. Flexible seals 55, of a type analogous to the seals 28 used on the doors with a single leaf between the leaf and the frame (Figures 3 and 4), are provided.

FIG. 8 shows a fire door according to the invention comprising a transom 56 constituted identically to the opening of a door according to the invention, as is clearly seen in the section in FIG. 9.

A device 57, known per se, carrying a ring 58 deformable in fire allows or not the blocking of this transom in the closed position, the transom can moreover pivot around hinges 59, of known type, fixed to the frame 1.

FIG. 10 schematically shows a door according to the invention, with double leaves, comprising a transom over the entire width.

• - les portes coupe-feu ayant un ouvrant comportant plusieurs points de fermeture propres à coopérer avec le dormant pour assurer la fermeture de l'ouvrant sur le dormant,
• - les portes coupe-feu dont le matériau isolant thermiquement placé entre les parements est différent d'une nappe en fibres céramiques,
• - les portes ayant des parements dont l'âme est en un matériau composite différent du ciment armé de fibres cellulosiques, par exemple en béton armé de fibres de verre ou ayant des plaques fixées à l'âme par l'intermédiaire de clous.

As is obvious and as it follows from the above, the invention is in no way limited to the more specifically described embodiments; it includes variants, in particular it also relates to:

• - fire doors having an opening having several closing points capable of cooperating with the frame to ensure the closure of the opening on the frame,
• - fire doors whose thermally insulating material placed between the facings is different from a sheet of ceramic fibers,
• - Doors having facings whose core is made of a composite material different from cement reinforced with cellulose fibers, for example concrete reinforced with glass fibers or having plates fixed to the core by means of nails.

Claims (7)

1. Fire door set comprising a door frame (1) and a door (2) capable of rotating relative to the door frame and resistant to fire, the said door having two vertical, rectangular and parallel facings (6) between which a thermally insulating material (7) is arranged, the said facings (6) being joined together rigidly by a structural frame (12), characterized in that each facing (6) consists of two steel plates (8) and a core (10) made from a composite material formed from a hydraulic binder and reinforcing fibres, the said core (10) being arranged between the two plates (8) and fixing the said plates to one another, in that each facing (6) is fixed removably to the structural frame (12) formed by metal sections and in that the door comprises an outer banding (13) covering the edges (15) of the facings (6) and the structural frame (12) and being separated from the said facings and from the said structural frame by a thermally insulating flame-retardant seal (16).

2. Fire door set according to Claim 1, characterized in that the thermally insulating material (7) placed between the facings is a sheet of ceramic fibres.

3. Fire door set according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the door frame (1) consists of a closed and rigid frame.

4. Fire door set according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the door (2) has a single fastening point (31) capable of interacting with the door frame in order to ensure the said closing of the door on the door frame.

5. Fire door set according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the core made from a composite material (10) of the facings (6) is made from cement reinforced with non-asbestos cellulose fibres and in that the two plates (8) are made from galvanized steel and are perforated with holes (9) whose edges are bent back towards the core so as to fasten the said plates to the core made from composite material during the manufacture of the said facing.

6. Fire door set according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the facings (6) are fixed to the structural frame by screws (11) whose heads are protected by the outer banding (13) covering the edges (15) of the said facings (6).

7. Fire door set according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the door frame (1) has seals (40) between the door (2) and the door frame (1), which seals are protected by metal flats (41) welded to the door frame (1) in front of the said seal (40) in the opening direction of the door.

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