FI108808B - Method of providing a door construction and door construction - Google Patents

Description

1 108808

The present invention relates to a method of providing a door structure.

The invention also relates to a door structure having an inner layer made of thermal insulation material and a coating layer of steel sheet material on at least one surface thereof, wherein the door structure is intended to be used as a fire door.

10 Especially as shipping becomes more diverse, the so-called. as a result of the increasing popularity of cruise ships and others, the overall standard for vessels operating in the water has risen. One special part. the area to which the present invention relates is the cold and / or freezer compartments of vessels moving in waterways. Solutions of the present state of the art cannot adequately meet these requirements.

The hull of the ship is divided by main transverse bulkheads into main fire zone zones. Within these main fire zones, additional types of compartments may then be enclosed by additional bulkheads (bulkhead = transverse or longitudinal fireproof wall reinforcing the hull, strength 4.5 mm ± 0.5 mm, stiffened at 600 m intervals), in accordance with the intended use of the ship, cold and / or freezer compartments in different parts of the ship are important. It is known that penetrations in the bulkhead can and are often necessary, but in each case they must be provided with a fire door structure that meets the requirements for compartment fire classification.

»I * ':: The currently used on-board cold rooms or the like have been structurally handled as shown in Figure 1, whereby L1 is formed in the L1. the fire class PO according to the fire classification and the space most commonly bounded by the bulkheads L1-L4 together with the intermediate floors of the ship (eg rectangular shape according to Figure 1) has been prepared cold space K with insulated wall elements SE1-SE4 and roofs. 35 floor elements (not shown).

A passage opening is formed in connection with the wall element SE1 of the cold space K, which is further provided with a heat-insulated door LEO with fire door PO 2 108808, so that both doors usually open outwards. Thus, such an overall solution consisting of two separate doors is not advantageous given the needs and overall functionality of the present state of the art.

The object of the present invention is to provide a method by which the disadvantages of the prior art can be almost completely eliminated. To achieve this purpose, the method of the invention is essentially characterized by what is disclosed in the characterizing part of the independent claim to the method.

By forming in the same door structure a structure corresponding to the required fire protection classification, thus, it is possible to place one and only one door structure in an opening formed in the bulkhead of the ship which delimits the space reserved for the cold and / or freezer compartment. The overall structure of the cold and / or freezer compartment is simplified and it is clear that the functionality of the cold and / or freezer compartment is substantially improved.

With respect to the state of the art in the field of door structures, reference is made to EP-294265, which discloses an industrial fire door structure with a perforated sheet structure made of galvanized steel as the coating layer. The door structure disclosed in said publication is intended to be used solely as a fire door.

! It is also an object of the present invention to provide a door structure which can be versatile to meet the door structure requirements of ships in the water.

To achieve this purpose, the door structure according to the invention ·: ··: is mainly known by a combination of the following sections: • »». · ·. - the coating is made of stainless steel, the door structure being intended for use in a cold-open and / or frost-35 or equivalent lower opening with an opening opening "" ·; ' in closing ,! <»I» »

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, »* I> 3 108808 An antifreeze arrangement is provided at the interface between the door structure and the port opening and is intended to be used as a fire door for cold and / or freezer compartments in waterborne vessels.

5

Thus, the present invention is based on the fact that the door structure has both structural and functional combination of features such that the door structure can be used as a cold and / or freezer room door meeting fire safety requirements. When the coating is made of 10 stainless steel, the door structure is suitable for use in areas with high hygiene requirements. It should be noted that refrigeration and / or freezer compartments on board ships are generally intended specifically for the storage of food or similar perishable goods, whereby high hygiene requirements must be met. An anti-freeze arrangement is specifically required because the door structure can be used as a cold and / or freezer door at low temperatures, e.g. + 2 ° to -30 ° C. With regard to fire door requirements, the door structure is designed to meet the ship's Class A structural fire protection requirements.

20

Advantageous applications of the door structure are disclosed in the dependent claims.

The following description further illustrates the door structure according to the invention, e.g. with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings, Figure 1 schematically depicts, in horizontal section, a prior art method of constructing a cold and / or packed vessel alongside a vessel:: ··: Box, 30 ·· *; Figure 2 is a schematic horizontal sectional view of the method of constructing a cold and / or freezer compartment in accordance with the invention; Figure 3 is a front view (outside the cold and / or freezer compartment) of the door structure of the present invention; Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the door structure in section IV-IV in Fig. 3, Fig. 5 is a partial enlargement of X in Fig. 4, and Fig. 6 is a partial enlargement of Y in Fig. 4.

Figure 2 shows a door structure OR provided by a method according to the invention as compared with Figure 1, disposed in a mounting opening AA formed in the space (cold and / or freezer compartment K) defined by the bulkheads L1-L4 together with the ship's floorboards. As can be seen in Figure 2, the overall structure of the cold and / or freezer compartment K is greatly simplified and the use of space (utilization of the space delimited by the bulkheads L1 to L4) becomes more efficient.

15 | The door structure OR shown in Figures 3-6 comprises an insulating layer 1 (one suitable is Paroc®, fire slab ™ with a density (kg / m3) selected according to the application) and a coating layer 2a, 2b of stainless steel sheet material on both sides thereof. The door structure OR shown in the figures is provided with a hinge 4 so that it can be swiveled to the side of the cold access port when cold space K is used. Normally, the door structure is closed and locked by a locking and unlocking structure 3 opposite the hinge 4. The OR can also be constructed as a sliding structure.

In the embodiment shown, the door structure OR has the shape of a rectangle: ·· and the coating layer 2a, 2b is joined together by bending at the edges of the door structure so that the coating layer 2a, 2b. 30 completely encloses the inner layer 1 within a combination of casing-shaped coating layers 2a, 2b.

Figures 3-6 show a frame structure 5 that surrounds the door structure OR both vertically and from above. The frame structure further comprises: a 35 threshold structure shaped in a manner suitable for the door structure.

; ; The frame structure 5 is of mainly L-shaped cross-section. ··. provided with an outwardly extending flange 5a substantially flush with the front surface of the door structure, arranged to be located on the outer surface of the bulkhead L1 parallel to its main plane when the door structure 5 108808 OR is mounted. The frame structure 5 is further provided with a frame part 5b perpendicular to the main plane of the bulkhead L1. The frame structure 5 further comprises a recess portion 5c between the parts 5a and 5b, which is arranged to receive the tapered rim portion of the door-5 structure OR. The frame structure 5 is joined by a support structure part 7 which is located between the flange 5a and the frame part 5b of the bulkhead L1.

The frame portion 5b of the frame structure 5 thus defines the door structure OR, when fixed to the installation opening AA of the bulkhead L1, to the cold and / or freezer compartment of the access opening. A seal 6 is disposed between the door structure OR and the frame 5 (see in particular Figures 5 and 6). The frame 5 and / or the door structure OR has a groove formed on their faces facing each other in a closed position (the door structure OR) which surrounds the door structure OR. 15 Said seal 6 is placed in the groove.

An anti-freeze arrangement 8 is disposed on the inside of the frame structure 5, i.e. on the surface of the frame structure 5 facing the bulkhead L1, most preferably at an angle between the frame member 5b and the recess member 5c. Structurally, the antifreeze arrangement 8 comprises an electrical resistance cable substantially surrounding the frame structure 5, which is connected to a power source. The power of the anti-freeze arrangement 8 is controlled, for example, by a thermostat placed in connection with the door structure. The purpose of the anti-freeze arrangement 8 is to keep the door structure OR in working order at all times so that the space between the door structure OR and the cold and / or freezer access port is frost-free and does not prevent the door structure: ··: opening. The same antifreeze system prevents the formation of moisture in its area: ·: ···.

. · · ·. 30 Some important structural features of the door structure are explained below.

I · I) Stainless steel composition

Ordinary steel contains iron and certain other elements derived from the manufacture of steel, such as carbon (C), manganese (Mn), silicon (Si) ,; phosphorus (P) and sulfur (S). Typical alloy used in structures. ···. matt carbon steel has the following chemical composition (% by weight): j 6 108808 C__Μη__Si__P__S__Fe 0.17 0.60 0.25 0.045 0.045> 98

If at least 11% chromium is added to such a steel, '' stainless steel 'is obtained. The chemical composition is then (% by weight): 5 _______ C__Mn__Si__P__S__Cr__Fe I 0.10 l 1.0 1.0 0.045 0.030 11 | <87

Iron is still a predominant element, but the addition of chromium also requires small changes in magnesium and silicon to facilitate steel production, as well as in phosphorus and sulfur. The latter two al-10 materials are impurities and have an adverse effect on several steel properties such as corrosion resistance and weldability. 11% chromium steel represents the simplest form of stainless steel. It has sufficient corrosion resistance in a slightly water sensitive environment.

15

As a result of the chromium alloying of steel, a thin, dense, adherent and tough layer of chromium oxide is formed on the steel surface if it is in contact with air or other oxidizing environment. Because this layer passivates the steel, which means that corrosion is not actively propagated, it is also called a passive layer. It is based on the ability of steel to resist corrosion. The thickness of this very thin layer is in the order of 1 ... 10nm (1 nanometer = 10'9m, i.e. 0.000 001 mm). The passive layer is reactive, and its thickness and composition depend on the composition of the steel, the surface treatment and the corrosive effect of its placement environment. As these conditions change, the passive layer changes accordingly.

Also, working passages (rolling, grinding, polishing, drilling, ripping) can damage the passive layer or it can be damaged t ♦ ♦. ···. 30 accidentally. Under normal conditions (in the presence of air) the passive layer is re-formed; it will repair itself. This property of stainless steel: ··: is of great practical importance since no special measures are needed to renew or repair the anti-corrosion layer 7 108808.

Coatings used to protect other materials from corrosion 5, by their nature, do not completely cover surfaces and are therefore susceptible to damage. Damage to the coating is usually the starting point for corrosion.

Stainless steels include a wide variety of alloys. Each has been developed to meet certain requirements such as improved corrosion resistance, better mechanical properties such as higher strength, hardness or formability, metallurgical stability under the influence of welding heat and, in special cases, improved workability. Because all of these steels contain at least 11% chromium, all are protected by a passive layer formed on the surface.

15

One of the preferred stainless steel grades within the scope of the present invention is ASTM 304 (conforming to EN 1.4301.) Or substantially equivalent, which is resistant to saltwater exposure.

20 The composition of ASTM 304 is as follows C Mn Si P__S Cr 0.04 T 1.56 0.52 0.024 0.001 18.4 II Cold and / or freezing space heating in connection with the door structure 25 The heating or antifreeze arrangement 8 prevents the door structure from being formed: Coffee OR hot side of the coating layer 2b of the outer surface of the moisture condensation condensation may cause, for example:..... 30 · · · - door dysfunction use is prevented '·· - the door frost insulation performance deterioration 8 108 808 III standard (the ship fire door class A structure)

The standard refers to the International Code for Fire Test Procedures (FTP), part of 5 SOLAS. The SOLAS Convention (International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea) sets out the principles and rules governing maritime safety. The fire test code describes the test methods and their arrangements in more detail.

The door structure according to the invention has been tested in accordance with the FTP and Code of Test Procedure; ISBN 92-801-1452-2, Part 3, published by the International Maritime Organization (IMO). With respect to the requirements for the "A" class fire door design, reference may be made directly to pages 127-173 of the above publication, as applicable. Testing and approval methods for the door structure characteristics of the fire door 15 are included in this section.

i {More specifically, the test method standard is as follows: i 20 According to IMO FTPC Part 3; IMO Resolution MSC61 (67) (IMO Resolution A.754 (18))

Claims (9)

A method for obtaining a door structure, characterized in that a fire classification (OR) is formed according to the purpose of use corresponding to the fire protection structure, B) for the door structure (OR), the cold and / or freezer compartment corresponding to the thermal insulation structure is formed, that C) in the vessel's beam (L1), which limits the space reserved for the cold and / or freezer compartment (K), forms a installation opening (AA) for the door structure according to points A) and B), and D) the door structure formed according to places A) and B) is placed at the installation opening (AA) formed in the beam of the ship. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that in the door structure a frame (5) is formed which is attached to it in the beam (L1) ····; The door structure (OR) joins the installation opening (AA) by the frame (5). • · i..t Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that at the frame (5) a flange (5a) which deviates from the edges of the frame (5) forms parallel to the main plane of the outer side of the door structure (OR) and is formed. which flange (5a) is attached to the outer surface of the beam (L1) to surround the installation opening (AA). 4. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that an anti-. Freezing arrangements (6) are formed in connection with the door structure (OR). • · • · · I> · ft I I · ft · · 12 1 08808 Process according to claim 1, characterized in that the coating layer (2a, 2b) of the door structure (OR) is formed of stainless steel, preferably of steel grade ASTM 304 or the like. 5 Door structure comprising an inner layer (1) made of heat insulating material and at least on its other surface a coating layer (2a, 2b) of sheet metal material, the door structure (OR) being provided for use as a fire door, characterized by a combination of the following parts: the coating layer (2a, 2b) is of stainless steel, the door structure (OR) is provided for use in an openable closure of a connecting opening of a room and / or freezer compartment (K), or the like , which is poured at a relatively ambient lower temperature, in the connection point between the door structure (OR) and the connection opening is placed an anti-freeze arrangement (6), and 20. the door structure (OR) is intended to be used as: fire door for rooms and / or freezers at the water moving vessels. Door structure according to claim 6, characterized in that at the door structure (OR) a frame (5) is formed, by means of which the door structure (OR) is intended to be attached to an installation. lation opening (AA) of the beam (L1) of the vessel. Door structure according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that in: ···: the frame (5) is formed a flange (5a), which is arranged to be placed at the outer wall of the beam (L1). Door structure according to claim 6, characterized in that the stainless steel used in the coating layer (2a, 2b) is of quality A .. ASTM 304 or the like.