LU86450A1 - MINERAL FIBER PRODUCTS IN THE FORM OF PANELS OR ROLLS - Google Patents

Description

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The present invention relates to a mineral fiber product as an insulating sheet or sheet comprising an elastic main layer of bonded mineral fibers and at least one facing layer.

5 Such mineral fiber products often include, in order to improve their surface, a facing layer serving, for example, protection against runoff, screen and protection against flow agents. As facing layers 10 suitable for this purpose, for example according to DIN 52270, page 2, mention may be made of paper, thin aluminum sheets or plastic films.

On the other hand, there is already a series of 15 insulating plates in which a main layer made of bonded mineral fibers is combined in the manner of a sandwich with different facing layers as to their material. Thus, the document CH-PS 597 453 describes a soundproofing plate made of mineral fibers with an apparent density of between 70 and 90 kg / m 3 which has on its visible face, a glass fiber fabric. The mineral fiber product serving as a ceiling tile has, on its rear face, a "glass fiber skin", which means a layer of material made of glass fiber particles compressed with resin. In addition to improving the soundproofing properties, the glass fiber skin here has to increase the rigidity of the plate, whereby larger surfaces can be covered by larger plates, so that the ceiling has fewer joints constituting potential soundproofing faults.

In addition, the document AT-P5 187 640 describes a mineral fiber product as an insulating plate or sheet 35 comprising an elastic main layer in 2 t * glass fibers linked to a kind of facing layer made of "fiber bundles". of glass "which are arranged parallel and at equal distance, for example from 1 to 6 cm, on the surface of the plate or the sheet, preferably longitudinally. Such a facing layer increases the tensile strength in the direction of reinforcement, so that this product is relatively thin and can be folded with a small radius of curvature. This latter feature also relates to the particular application indicated in the document, that is to say that such mineral fiber products are supposed to be used mainly for the insulation of tubes and cables, in which case these products mineral fibers must be associated in particular with bitumen, which, from the technical point of view of construction, makes this product combustible.

Finally, document DE-OS 33 15 901 describes a light multi-layer construction plate, consisting of a main layer of rock wool or glass and having one or two layers of facing made of wood wool agglomerated with magnesia or cement. Apart from the combustibility of these products, these are rigid plates which do not flex and which cannot be rolled up.

25 The object of the invention is therefore to provide a mineral fiber product at an advantageous cost, which is noncombustible from the point of view of the construction technique and conforms to the non-characteristic part of claim 1, which has the specific gravity required -30 to conform to a thermal conductivity group determined according to DIN 18165 (for example group 040 or group 035), but which however has a dimensional stability suitable for ensuring very good handling and excellent fixation -35 tion of this product, for example by means of ehe- 3 cities, to building walls.

In accordance with the invention, this object is achieved in a simple manner by a mineral fiber product as an insulating plate or sheet, which comprises a main layer in a mineral fiber mattress with a specific weight of ^ 40 kg. / m3, to which is applied - a facing layer distributes the pressure in the form of a flexible surface element 10 which is plastically non-deformable, the facing layer having a weight per unit area such as the main layer, despite its relatively low specific weight, is undeformable in association with the facing layer.

An insulating plate or sheet thus produced offers, compared to known embodiments, a series of serious advantages, in particular that the mattress of mineral fibers serving as main layer acquires, thanks to the applied facing layer, a rigidity such that it is possible to provide only the specific weight valid for a given group of thermal conductivity, i.e. the higher specific weight which otherwise was generally used simply to obtain a determined stability of the plate or insulating sheet, is no longer necessary.

In this case, it is particularly advantageous to use as a facing layer, a veil of glass fibers which has a weight per unit area of 30 to 110 g / m 2. In addition, the glass fiber veil must be open to the diffusion of vapors and its disordered glass fibers must also, for technical reasons of fireproofing, be linked to each other by means of an organic binder, the volume 35 is limited.

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In the particular case of using the insulating plate in accordance with the invention for facades of buildings with posterior ventilation, it is possible, for example, to obtain, for a product falling in group 5 of thermal conductivity 040 which has a specific weight of 15 kg / m3, the same shape stability as that which would be obtained if Donated with - a corresponding product, devoid of facing layer distribute the pressure, with a specific weight of 10 25 kg / m ^. In addition to this saving in weight, the new insulating plate is also distinguished by a high resistance to bending, that is to say that it does not break during an overhanging assembly, which makes it possible a simplified installation on the building site, for example-15 pie in the case of high wind speeds.

When the insulating plate according to the invention is used for facades with rear ventilation, this plate being hereinafter abbreviated as facade insulating plate, a more solid surface is at the same time obtained on the side exposed to the weather thanks to the facing layer provided, so that neither during assembly nor during service life can fibers be torn off; moreover, thanks to the facing layer on the side exposed to the weather, possible driving rain is. repelled during installation. Finally, compared to the facade insulating plates known up to now, due to the improved rigidity, larger dimensions than hitherto are possible, which reduces the number of joints and thus also the number of dowels usually used for fixing. This last characteristic appears of course also when the size of the plates remains pa-rei-lie. to that of the plates used until now, because the facing layer intervenes to distribute the pressures. Finally, facade insulating plates 5 in accordance with the invention make it possible to better compensate for the unevenness of the bottom of the bare facade wall because the main layer has a specific weight less than that used up to now, that is to say that „5 is thus possible to compensate advantageously for the tolerances of the construction.

In the case of an embodiment of the mineral fiber product according to the invention in the form of an insulating sheet and here again in the case of the use of the insulating sheet for a so-called core insulation, c that is to say as insulation in walls made of two walls, the specific weight of the main layer can be advantageously chosen between 10 and 30 kg / m3, two products which are pre-fered having a specific weight from 15 * <ru of 25 kg / m-3. In this case, given a series of advantages such as the reduction of transport and storage costs, the reduction in the number of seals and thus the number of thermal bridges, it is advantageous to wind the insulating sheet as of initial product in a roll which can have a length of 3 to 10 m. This is again possible thanks to the apparent density of the main layer which is lower than that of the products known up to now because the main layer is thus more easily compressed.

Other details and advantages of the invention will be explained and described below in more detail in exemplary embodiments, with reference to the appended drawings, in which: FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a mineral fiber product in the form of a facade insulating plate comprising a facing layer applied on one of its sides; 35 fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view 6 of a building wall with a facade covering with rear ventilation along the line II-II of FIG. 3, for which the insulating front panel of FIG. 1 is planned; 5 FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a corner area of a building with a rear ventilation facade covering which is not yet completely finished and for which the insulating facade plate of FIG. 1 is used; 10 fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a building wall with two sails which, by way of another example of embodiment, comprises an insulating sheet with a facing layer applied on one side as insulating felt called core; 15

Fig. 1 illustrates an insulating plate 1 which has a main layer 2 and a facing layer 3 applied thereto. The main layer 2 of the insulating plate 1 is made of glass fibers 20 hydrophobic renes and bonded by means of a phenolic resin and has, in this case, as an insulating plate called facade, preferably a specific weight of 15 kg / m ^. A glass mat open to the diffusion of steam serves as a facing layer and has a weight per unit area of about 50 g / n "and its glass fibers arranged in a disorderly manner are agglomerated by means of an organic binder present in limited quantity. Of course, the main layer 2 can also be made of rock wool or other mineral fibers.

The insulating plate 1 which, in the present exemplary embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3, used to insulate rear ventilation facades, normally measures 1250 x 600 mm, thicknesses staggered between 30 and 100 mm being adequate here, that is to say 35 to this end, account must be taken of each case and the desired value for resistance to the passage of heat. According to DIN 18165, the insulating plate 1 belongs to the thermal conductivity group 040 and has a high resistance to bending. It also meets the specifications for the class of building materials A2, which, according to DIN 4102, implies that it is non-combustible.

Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view 10 of a building wall 4 which has a rear ventilation facade covering 5. Such a covering is used for both thermal and sound insulation and must also have a aesthetic appearance. It must perform its functions under all atmospheric conditions and must not age in use.

The insulating layer of the facade covering 5 of FIGS. 2 and 3 is each time formed by a large number of insulating plates 1 arranged end to end in 20 rows, which are fixed to the wall 4 of the building using so-called known washer dowels 6, it being understood that the facing layer 3 faces outward. Then follows the facade coating itself, for example in the form of panels 7, which are again fixed to the wall 4 of the building with suitable anchoring elements 8 in such a way that between these panels 7 and the insulating plates 1 there remains a rear ventilation space 9. Thanks to the dimensional stability of the insulating plates 1 according to the invention, it is possible to guarantee this rear ventilation space 9 of, for example, 2 cm. In addition, thanks to the shape stability of the insulating plates 1, it is possible to reduce the tolerances previously provided for such rear ventilation spaces; this is also due to the fact that, for example, the insulating facade plates 8 used hitherto, which did not have a facing layer, had relatively flexible plate corners so that, when using washer dowels 6, in - 5 the corner assembly areas indicated at 10 in FIG. 3, the corners of the plates could emerge from the washers of these dowels and thus not only constitute an optical defect during the reception of the building, but also represent deficient places 10 of the thermal insulation, just like a narrowing of the interval rear ventilation 9. These disadvantages are now eliminated by the facing layer 3 provided in accordance with the invention, because the insulating plates 1 have, thanks to the facing layer, a remarkable resistance 15 at their edges, so that the insulating plates 1 can be held satisfactorily, in particular in the corner assembly zones 10.

In addition, better mounting control is possible thanks to the facing layer 3 provided, that is to say as a result of the "free hand laying" of the anchors used so far (in a corresponding to the view in Fig. 7} it was not to be excluded that some dowels 6 or 21 were placed too deeply, the consequence was again that such insulating plates were excessively compressed locally, which altered thermal insulation in these areas; the general appearance obtained thereby leaving 30 to be desired, now, in the case of a dowel 6 or 21 placed too deeply, there is on the other hand a deformation of the layer of facing 3 or 18 which is visible by the formation of creases and thus makes better control of the installation possible.

35 Fig. 4 illustrates another exemplary embodiment of a double-walled building wall comprising an interior wall 11 and an exterior wall 12 between which is installed an insulating sheet 13 comprising a facing layer 3 applied on one side, at title of insulating felt called soul. The construction of a double-walled v 5 wall with a thermal insulating layer of intermediate mineral fibers constitutes, as we know, thanks to the clear separation of functions in load-bearing structures, thermal insulation and protection against , the ideal physical building solution for exterior walls. In the case of the present embodiment, the insulating ply 13 is provided without a special air space between the exterior wall 12 and the insulating ply 13. This is possible, on the one hand, because the main layer 2 insulating ply 13 is made hydrophobic and, on the other hand, because the facing layer 3 evacuates downwards any moisture which infiltrates through the exterior wall 12. The exterior wall 12 is usually fixed by anchor bars 14 to the interior wall 11, the insulating ply 13 having to be inserted in place on the anchor bars 1 "before the construction of the external wall 12. After mounting - the insulating ply 13 on the steel bars anchoring 14, washers 25 called water discharge washers 15 are mounted each time on these anchoring irons and can be used at the same time in an advantageous manner to adjust a determined thickness limitation of the insulating layer 13.

In the case of the present embodiment, the specific weight of the main layer 2 of the insulating sheet 13 can advantageously be reduced from 23 kg / m ^ to 15 kg / m ^ by the use of the layer of facing 3 in the form of a glass pylon 35 having a weight per unit area of 50 g / m 2, the requirements imposed, for example, for group 10 of thermal conductivity 040 being satisfied in both cases.

In the case of using a core insulating felt coated with a glass mat as insulation 5 in double-walled building walls, it is particularly advantageous to use insulating plies with a length of 3 at 10 m which, as an initial product, are rolled up. In addition to facilitating installation and reducing the number of joints 10 and thus thermal bridges, they also make it possible to isolate wall angles without problems, because of the glass mat facing, thanks to its flexibility associated with the weight. relatively low specificity of the main layer makes it possible to lay the insulating sheet 15 without problem in the corners of the walls, that is to say that it follows its shape.

In summary, the basic idea of the present invention lies in the fact that, in the case of a mineral fiber product, the specific weight is simply provided for which is required for classification in a group of thermal conductivity determined according to DIN 18165 standard, it being understood that the shape stability of the product required in each case is obtained by the application of a suitable coating layer. This means that this basic idea can also be carried out for other application cases than those described here; this is the case, for example, in so-called industrial ceiling tiles for visible mounting in T-sections forming a standardized grid.

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In the case of such insulation, it is also possible, for example, to provide additional industrial insulation on the ceiling panels laid, made of a mineral fiber felt laid without being fixed, so that the ceiling plates used here 35 11 must be manufactured for this additional load, possibly with a specific weight greater than that required. In this case, one thinks, for example, of a specific weight of 50 kg / m.sup.2, which could however still be within the scope provided for the present invention. The same goes for the choice of the values of the weight per unit area of the facing layer. In addition, it is possible to use the basic ideas of the invention for insulating plates which are laid, for example, between rafters of the roof. This means that the idea of the invention can be used in a large number of application cases.

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Claims (6)

12 1. Product made of mineral fibers as an insulating plate or insulating sheet comprising a resilient main layer of agglomerated mineral fibers and at least one facing layer, characterized in that the main layer (2) is made of a layer of mineral fibers with a specific weight of {40 kg / m3, on which a facing layer distributes the pressure (3; 17) in the form of a flexible, plastically non-deformable surface surface element is applied, the layer of C3 facing; 17) having a weight per unit area such that the main layer (2) has shape stability in association with the facing layer (3; 17), despite its relatively low specific weight. 2. Product made of mineral fibers according to claim 1, characterized in that the facing layer (3; 17; 19) is made of a glass mat which has a weight per unit area of 30 to 110 g / m. 20 3 - Product made of mineral fibers according to claim 2, characterized in that the glass mat is open to the diffusion of steam and the glass fibers arranged in disorder are agglomerated by means of an organic binder present in limited quantity. 25 4 - Product in mineral fibers according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the main layer (2) is made of glass fibers or rock wool. 5. mineral fiber product according to any one of claims 1 to 4 having the form of an insulating plate, characterized in that it is used as an insulating plate (1) for building facades with rear ventilation (FIG. 2 and 3) having a specific weight of the main layer (2) of 10 to 30 kg / m ^, preferably of 15 or 25 kg / m ^. "" 13 6. mineral fiber product according to any one of claims 1 to 4 having the form of an insulating sheet, characterized in that it is used as insulation (13) in building walls with double 5 wall (Fig. 4) with a specific weight of the main layer of 10 to 30 kg / m ^, preferably 15 or 25 kg / m ^. 7. A mineral fiber product according to claim 6, characterized in that the insulating sheet 10 (13) has a length of 3 to 10 m and is rolled up in a roll. 6. A mineral fiber product according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the main layer (2) is provided on both sides with a facing layer (3 or 17, 18).