CH647796A5 - Verfahren zur herstellung von azo-stilbenfarbstoffen. - Google Patents
Verfahren zur herstellung von azo-stilbenfarbstoffen. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CH647796A5 CH647796A5 CH3220/81A CH322081A CH647796A5 CH 647796 A5 CH647796 A5 CH 647796A5 CH 3220/81 A CH3220/81 A CH 3220/81A CH 322081 A CH322081 A CH 322081A CH 647796 A5 CH647796 A5 CH 647796A5
- Authority
- CH
- Switzerland
- Prior art keywords
- azo
- dyes
- formula
- stilbene
- compound
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 title claims description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 10
- 239000010985 leather Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- -1 azo compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- PJANXHGTPQOBST-VAWYXSNFSA-N Stilbene Natural products C=1C=CC=CC=1/C=C/C1=CC=CC=C1 PJANXHGTPQOBST-VAWYXSNFSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004043 dyeing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000021286 stilbenes Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N stilbene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- LMBFAGIMSUYTBN-MPZNNTNKSA-N teixobactin Chemical compound C([C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@H]1C(N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](C[C@@H]2NC(=N)NC2)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)O[C@H]1C)[C@@H](C)CC)=O)NC)C1=CC=CC=C1 LMBFAGIMSUYTBN-MPZNNTNKSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ZLPCVEVCHZENMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis[2-(2-phenylethenyl)phenyl]diazene Chemical compound C(=Cc1ccccc1N=Nc1ccccc1C=Cc1ccccc1)c1ccccc1 ZLPCVEVCHZENMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 5
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims 1
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 claims 1
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 18
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- NYGZLYXAPMMJTE-UHFFFAOYSA-M metanil yellow Chemical group [Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC(N=NC=2C=CC(NC=3C=CC=CC=3)=CC=2)=C1 NYGZLYXAPMMJTE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 4
- VOZKAJLKRJDJLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-diaminotoluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N)C=C1N VOZKAJLKRJDJLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000005002 naphthylamines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940018564 m-phenylenediamine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 2
- WZCQRUWWHSTZEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-phenylenediamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC(N)=C1 WZCQRUWWHSTZEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BAHPQISAXRFLCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-Diaminoanisole Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(N)C=C1N BAHPQISAXRFLCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTWJRLJHJPIABL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylphenol;3-methylphenol;4-methylphenol Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1.CC1=CC=CC(O)=C1.CC1=CC=CC=C1O QTWJRLJHJPIABL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UETHPMGVZHBAFB-OWOJBTEDSA-N 4,4'-dinitro-trans-stilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=CC=C1\C=C\C1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1S(O)(=O)=O UETHPMGVZHBAFB-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PTMVFRKAMOUORT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethylbenzene-1,3-diamine Chemical compound CCC1=CC=C(N)C=C1N PTMVFRKAMOUORT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZGFLEVSMIQQQAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-pentylbenzene-1,3-diamine Chemical compound CCCCCC1=CC=C(N)C=C1N ZGFLEVSMIQQQAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FMGLFTNJYVXGTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-phenylbutane-1,3-diamine Chemical compound NCCC(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 FMGLFTNJYVXGTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LMGWHMKXSXDWRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-propylbenzene-1,3-diamine Chemical compound CCCC1=CC=C(N)C=C1N LMGWHMKXSXDWRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DQNAQOYOSRJXFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-Amino-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid Chemical group C1=CC=C2C(N)=CC=CC2=C1S(O)(=O)=O DQNAQOYOSRJXFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000283707 Capra Species 0.000 description 1
- QXNVGIXVLWOKEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Disodium Chemical compound [Na][Na] QXNVGIXVLWOKEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004280 Sodium formate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001854 alkali hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000987 azo dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001049 brown dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000309464 bull Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930003836 cresol Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000008049 diazo compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940071106 ethylenediaminetetraacetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003352 sequestering agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- HLBBKKJFGFRGMU-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium formate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C=O HLBBKKJFGFRGMU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000019254 sodium formate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B43/00—Preparation of azo dyes from other azo compounds
- C09B43/08—Preparation of azo dyes from other azo compounds by reduction
- C09B43/10—Preparation of azo dyes from other azo compounds by reduction with formation of a new azo or an azoxy bridge
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B56/00—Azo dyes containing other chromophoric systems
- C09B56/04—Stilbene-azo dyes
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Coloring (AREA)
Priority Applications (11)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH3220/81A CH647796A5 (de) | 1981-05-18 | 1981-05-18 | Verfahren zur herstellung von azo-stilbenfarbstoffen. |
| IT48415/82A IT1154304B (it) | 1981-05-18 | 1982-05-04 | Coloranti azo-stilbenici, in particolare per tingere cuoio, e procedimento per la loro produzione |
| FR8208192A FR2505855B1 (fr) | 1981-05-18 | 1982-05-11 | Colorants azo-stilbeniques, leur procede de preparation et leur utilisation pour teindre le cuir |
| GB8214036A GB2099011B (en) | 1981-05-18 | 1982-05-14 | Azo-stilbene dyes |
| DE19823218354 DE3218354A1 (de) | 1981-05-18 | 1982-05-14 | Azo-stilbenfarbstoffe |
| BE0/208109A BE893210A (fr) | 1981-05-18 | 1982-05-17 | Colorants azo-stilbeniques, leur procede de preparation et leur utilisation pour teindre le cuir |
| ES512940A ES8307869A1 (es) | 1981-05-18 | 1982-05-17 | "procedimiento para la preparacion de colorantes azo-estilbenicos". |
| BR8202858A BR8202858A (pt) | 1981-05-18 | 1982-05-17 | Corantes de azo-estilberno processo para sua preparacao e emprego |
| PT74902A PT74902B (en) | 1981-05-18 | 1982-05-17 | Process for the preparation of azo-stilbene dyes |
| JP57082532A JPS57195158A (en) | 1981-05-18 | 1982-05-18 | Azo-stilbene dye |
| US06/597,212 US4742162A (en) | 1981-05-18 | 1984-04-06 | Azo-stibene condensates as leather dyes |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH3220/81A CH647796A5 (de) | 1981-05-18 | 1981-05-18 | Verfahren zur herstellung von azo-stilbenfarbstoffen. |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CH647796A5 true CH647796A5 (de) | 1985-02-15 |
Family
ID=4251238
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH3220/81A CH647796A5 (de) | 1981-05-18 | 1981-05-18 | Verfahren zur herstellung von azo-stilbenfarbstoffen. |
Country Status (11)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4742162A (en:Method) |
| JP (1) | JPS57195158A (en:Method) |
| BE (1) | BE893210A (en:Method) |
| BR (1) | BR8202858A (en:Method) |
| CH (1) | CH647796A5 (en:Method) |
| DE (1) | DE3218354A1 (en:Method) |
| ES (1) | ES8307869A1 (en:Method) |
| FR (1) | FR2505855B1 (en:Method) |
| GB (1) | GB2099011B (en:Method) |
| IT (1) | IT1154304B (en:Method) |
| PT (1) | PT74902B (en:Method) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP4605638B2 (ja) * | 2003-08-07 | 2011-01-05 | 日本化薬株式会社 | 水性黒色インク組成物及び着色体 |
Family Cites Families (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB311384A (en) * | 1928-05-10 | 1930-11-10 | Chem Ind Basel | Manufacture of cotton dyestuffs |
| GB403105A (en) * | 1932-06-10 | 1933-12-11 | Ig Farbenindustrie Ag | The manufacture of azo dyestuffs |
| US2386847A (en) * | 1942-04-22 | 1945-10-16 | Allied Chem & Dye Corp | Azo dyestuffs of the stilbene series |
| US2518023A (en) * | 1946-10-31 | 1950-08-08 | Geigy Ag J R | Azo dyestuffs |
| AT168065B (de) * | 1949-02-04 | 1951-04-10 | Ciba Geigy | Verfahren zur Herstellung neuer Azofarbstoffe der Stilbenreihe |
| GB669706A (en) * | 1949-02-04 | 1952-04-09 | Ciba Ltd | Manufacture of new azo dyestuffs of the stilbene series |
| CH276907A (de) * | 1949-02-04 | 1951-07-31 | Ciba Geigy | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Azofarbstoffes der Stilbenreihe. |
| CH282347A (de) * | 1949-12-13 | 1952-04-30 | Ciba Geigy | Verfahren zur Erzeugung von Färbungen auf Leder. |
| GB1409326A (en) * | 1973-01-09 | 1975-10-08 | Ici Ltd | Preparation of stilbene-azo dyes |
| IN141181B (en:Method) * | 1973-12-06 | 1977-01-29 | Bayer Ag | |
| US4169832A (en) * | 1975-09-05 | 1979-10-02 | Sandoz Ltd. | Disazo and trisazo intermediates for polyazo dyes containing a stilbenyl or 2,2'-disulfostilbenyl radical |
| CH619477A5 (en:Method) * | 1976-08-02 | 1980-09-30 | Sandoz Ag |
-
1981
- 1981-05-18 CH CH3220/81A patent/CH647796A5/de not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1982
- 1982-05-04 IT IT48415/82A patent/IT1154304B/it active
- 1982-05-11 FR FR8208192A patent/FR2505855B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1982-05-14 DE DE19823218354 patent/DE3218354A1/de active Granted
- 1982-05-14 GB GB8214036A patent/GB2099011B/en not_active Expired
- 1982-05-17 BR BR8202858A patent/BR8202858A/pt unknown
- 1982-05-17 PT PT74902A patent/PT74902B/pt unknown
- 1982-05-17 ES ES512940A patent/ES8307869A1/es not_active Expired
- 1982-05-17 BE BE0/208109A patent/BE893210A/fr not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-05-18 JP JP57082532A patent/JPS57195158A/ja active Granted
-
1984
- 1984-04-06 US US06/597,212 patent/US4742162A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ES512940A0 (es) | 1983-08-01 |
| JPS57195158A (en) | 1982-11-30 |
| BE893210A (fr) | 1982-11-17 |
| FR2505855B1 (fr) | 1987-01-30 |
| PT74902A (en) | 1982-06-01 |
| GB2099011A (en) | 1982-12-01 |
| IT1154304B (it) | 1987-01-21 |
| ES8307869A1 (es) | 1983-08-01 |
| JPH0341502B2 (en:Method) | 1991-06-24 |
| PT74902B (en) | 1986-02-26 |
| DE3218354C2 (en:Method) | 1990-10-11 |
| FR2505855A1 (fr) | 1982-11-19 |
| BR8202858A (pt) | 1983-04-26 |
| IT8248415A0 (it) | 1982-05-04 |
| GB2099011B (en) | 1984-09-12 |
| US4742162A (en) | 1988-05-03 |
| DE3218354A1 (de) | 1982-12-02 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| DE960534C (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung echter Faerbungen und Drucke | |
| US2045090A (en) | Cupriferous polyazo dyes and their production | |
| DE853324C (de) | Verfahren zur Darstellung von Azofarbstoffen der Stilben- oder Dibenzylreihe | |
| DE3034686A1 (de) | Chromkomplexe von disazoverbindungen, deren herstellung und verwendung | |
| DE2024047B2 (de) | Polyazofarbstoffe, ihre metallkomplexverbindungen, ihre herstellung und verwendung | |
| CH647796A5 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung von azo-stilbenfarbstoffen. | |
| DE2519657C3 (de) | Farbstoffzwischenprodukte und Verfahren zur Herstellung von Farbstoff gemischen | |
| CH672969B5 (en:Method) | ||
| EP0110825B1 (de) | Unsymmetrische 1:2-Chromkomplexfarbstoffe, enthaltend eine Azo- und eine Azomethinverbindung | |
| CH683615A5 (de) | Eisenkomplexe, deren Herstellung und Verwendung. | |
| DE723133C (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung von metallhaltigen Polyazofarbstoffen | |
| CH683614A5 (de) | Eisenkomplexgemische, deren Herstellung und Verwendung. | |
| DE854192C (de) | Verfahren zur Erzeugung von Faerbungen auf Leder | |
| EP0148120B1 (de) | Unsymmetrische 1:2-Chromkoplexfarbstoffe | |
| CH656891A5 (de) | Unsymmetrische 1:2-chromkomplexfarbstoffe. | |
| AT149335B (de) | Verfahren zum Durchfärben von Leder. | |
| DE2501827A1 (de) | Wasserloesliche trisazofarbstoffe, verfahren zu ihrer herstellung und ihre verwendung | |
| EP0099857B1 (de) | Metallkomplexe von Azofarbstoffen | |
| SU468438A3 (ru) | Способ получени металлосодержащего моноазокрасител | |
| DE951949C (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines braunen Tetrakisazofarbstoffs bzw. von dessen Metallkomplexverbindungen | |
| CH282347A (de) | Verfahren zur Erzeugung von Färbungen auf Leder. | |
| DE2608535A1 (de) | Neue chromkomplexfarbstoffe, ihre herstellung und verwendung | |
| DE3703361A1 (de) | Unsymmetrische 1:2-chromkomplexfarbstoffe | |
| DE3512078A1 (de) | Chromkomplexfarbstoffe, deren herstellung und verwendung | |
| DE2804303A1 (de) | Wasserloesliche polyazofarbstoffe, verfahren zu ihrer herstellung und ihre verwendung |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PUE | Assignment |
Owner name: CIBA-GEIGY AG TRANSFER- CIBA SC HOLDING AG |
|
| PFA | Name/firm changed |
Owner name: CIBA SC HOLDING AG TRANSFER- CIBA SPECIALTY CHEMIC |
|
| PL | Patent ceased |