CA2305384A1 - Mixtures with special softening agents suited as a solid electrolyte or separator for electrochemical cells - Google Patents
Mixtures with special softening agents suited as a solid electrolyte or separator for electrochemical cells Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2305384A1 CA2305384A1 CA002305384A CA2305384A CA2305384A1 CA 2305384 A1 CA2305384 A1 CA 2305384A1 CA 002305384 A CA002305384 A CA 002305384A CA 2305384 A CA2305384 A CA 2305384A CA 2305384 A1 CA2305384 A1 CA 2305384A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- weight
- mixture
- compound
- solid
- separator
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 112
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims description 23
- 239000004902 Softening Agent Substances 0.000 title 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 77
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000010526 radical polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000002029 aromatic hydrocarbon group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001496 lithium tetrafluoroborate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001290 LiPF6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004178 (C1-C4) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 2
- 125000005913 (C3-C6) cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 2
- 229910013375 LiC Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000552 LiCF3SO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910013426 LiN(SO2F)2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910012576 LiSiF6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001547 lithium hexafluoroantimonate(V) Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001540 lithium hexafluoroarsenate(V) Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium perchlorate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001486 lithium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001537 lithium tetrachloroaluminate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- -1 lithium cations Chemical class 0.000 description 44
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 28
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 16
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 16
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 13
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 13
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 10
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 9
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 7
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 7
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 7
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 6
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 6
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000005486 organic electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 6
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 6
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 5
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutyl phthalate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCC DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229940021013 electrolyte solution Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 101150058243 Lipf gene Proteins 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920002266 Pluriol® Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000001476 alcoholic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000000467 secondary amino group Chemical group [H]N([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000003573 thiols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- RMVRSNDYEFQCLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiophenol Chemical compound SC1=CC=CC=C1 RMVRSNDYEFQCLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000010456 wollastonite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052882 wollastonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+/-)-1,3-Butanediol Chemical compound CC(O)CCO PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-cyanopropan-2-yldiazenyl)-2-methylpropanenitrile Chemical compound N#CC(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroquinone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isobutene Chemical compound CC(C)=C VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LSDPWZHWYPCBBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanethiol Chemical compound SC LSDPWZHWYPCBBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tert-Butanol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- QYKIQEUNHZKYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl ether Chemical class C=COC=C QYKIQEUNHZKYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003647 acryloyl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- XXROGKLTLUQVRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N allyl alcohol Chemical compound OCC=C XXROGKLTLUQVRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001414 amino alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-2-ol Chemical compound CCC(C)O BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003490 calendering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1 JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- DNJIEGIFACGWOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanethiol Chemical compound CCS DNJIEGIFACGWOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940052303 ethers for general anesthesia Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diamine Chemical compound NCCCCCCN NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000003949 imides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 229910001947 lithium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 2
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- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 2
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ULSIYEODSMZIPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylethanolamine Chemical compound NCC(O)C1=CC=CC=C1 ULSIYEODSMZIPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XUYJLQHKOGNDPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphonoacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CP(O)(O)=O XUYJLQHKOGNDPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004437 phosphorous atom Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002210 silicon-based material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007962 solid dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003460 sulfonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052645 tectosilicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZUHZGEOKBKGPSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCOCCOC ZUHZGEOKBKGPSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 2
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 2
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-VKHMYHEASA-N (+)-propylene glycol Chemical compound C[C@H](O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 description 1
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N (R)-(-)-Propylene glycol Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfite Chemical class [O-]S([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- FOZHTJJTSSSURD-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium(4+);dicarbonate Chemical compound [Ti+4].[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O FOZHTJJTSSSURD-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-VOTSOKGWSA-M trans-cinnamate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-VOTSOKGWSA-M 0.000 description 1
- STCOOQWBFONSKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributyl phosphate Chemical compound CCCCOP(=O)(OCCCC)OCCCC STCOOQWBFONSKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ORVMIVQULIKXCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloro(phenyl)silane Chemical compound Cl[Si](Cl)(Cl)C1=CC=CC=C1 ORVMIVQULIKXCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZDHXKXAHOVTTAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichlorosilane Chemical compound Cl[SiH](Cl)Cl ZDHXKXAHOVTTAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005052 trichlorosilane Substances 0.000 description 1
- GAJQCIFYLSXSEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L tridecyl phosphate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCOP([O-])([O-])=O GAJQCIFYLSXSEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000005691 triesters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl phosphate Chemical compound CCOP(=O)(OCC)OCC DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GGUBFICZYGKNTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl phosphonoacetate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CP(=O)(OCC)OCC GGUBFICZYGKNTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YFNKIDBQEZZDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N triglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCOC YFNKIDBQEZZDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RIUWBIIVUYSTCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N trilithium borate Chemical class [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[O-]B([O-])[O-] RIUWBIIVUYSTCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WVLBCYQITXONBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl phosphate Chemical compound COP(=O)(OC)OC WVLBCYQITXONBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AAPLIUHOKVUFCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylsilanol Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)O AAPLIUHOKVUFCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QJAVUVZBMMXBRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripentyl phosphate Chemical compound CCCCCOP(=O)(OCCCCC)OCCCCC QJAVUVZBMMXBRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RXPQRKFMDQNODS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripropyl phosphate Chemical compound CCCOP(=O)(OCCC)OCCC RXPQRKFMDQNODS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris Chemical compound OCC(N)(CO)CO LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WTLBZVNBAKMVDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate Chemical compound CCCCOCCOP(=O)(OCCOCCCC)OCCOCCCC WTLBZVNBAKMVDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QLNUSZCPEUTHBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2-methoxyethyl) phosphate Chemical compound COCCOP(=O)(OCCOC)OCCOC QLNUSZCPEUTHBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DLEQRTPKFCPBDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(oxolan-2-yl) phosphate Chemical compound C1CCOC1OP(OC1OCCC1)(=O)OC1CCCO1 DLEQRTPKFCPBDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001930 tungsten oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- NLVXSWCKKBEXTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinylsulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C=C NLVXSWCKKBEXTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011667 zinc carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000004416 zinc carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000010 zinc carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ε-Caprolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCO1 PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
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- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
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- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/489—Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
- H01M50/497—Ionic conductivity
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- C08J2381/06—Polysulfones; Polyethersulfones
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2385/00—Characterised by the use of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing atoms other than silicon, sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2385/02—Characterised by the use of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing atoms other than silicon, sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon; Derivatives of such polymers containing phosphorus
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Measuring Oxygen Concentration In Cells (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Electric Double-Layer Capacitors Or The Like (AREA)
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- Primary Cells (AREA)
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Applications Claiming Priority (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| DE19743748.6 | 1997-10-02 | ||
| DE19743748 | 1997-10-02 | ||
| DE19744659 | 1997-10-09 | ||
| DE19744659.0 | 1997-10-09 | ||
| PCT/EP1998/006238 WO1999018621A1 (de) | 1997-10-02 | 1998-10-01 | Als festelektrolyt oder separator für elektrochemische zellen geeignete mischungen mit speziellen weichmachern |
Publications (1)
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| CA2305384A1 true CA2305384A1 (en) | 1999-04-15 |
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| CA002305384A Abandoned CA2305384A1 (en) | 1997-10-02 | 1998-10-01 | Mixtures with special softening agents suited as a solid electrolyte or separator for electrochemical cells |
Country Status (7)
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| EP (1) | EP1023746A1 (enExample) |
| JP (1) | JP2001519464A (enExample) |
| KR (1) | KR20010030873A (enExample) |
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| CA (1) | CA2305384A1 (enExample) |
| WO (1) | WO1999018621A1 (enExample) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20210246098A1 (en) * | 2018-01-30 | 2021-08-12 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Electrolyte, electrochemical device, lithium ion secondary battery, and module |
| US12272789B2 (en) | 2018-01-30 | 2025-04-08 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Electrolyte, electrochemical device, lithium ion secondary battery, and module |
Families Citing this family (27)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6849702B2 (en) | 1999-02-26 | 2005-02-01 | Robert W. Callahan | Polymer matrix material |
| DE19916109A1 (de) * | 1999-04-09 | 2000-10-12 | Basf Ag | Als Separatoren in elektrochemischen Zellen geeignete Verbundkörper |
| DE60040964D1 (de) * | 1999-06-04 | 2009-01-15 | Panasonic Corp | Yten und verfahen zu deren herstellung |
| KR20040096630A (ko) | 2002-03-01 | 2004-11-16 | 이 아이 듀폰 디 네모아 앤드 캄파니 | 첨가제를 함유하는 유기 전도성 중합체의 인쇄 |
| US7588859B1 (en) * | 2004-02-11 | 2009-09-15 | Bookeun Oh | Electrolyte for use in electrochemical devices |
| JP4198524B2 (ja) * | 2003-05-19 | 2008-12-17 | 三井化学株式会社 | 高分子固体電解質フィルム |
| US9786954B2 (en) | 2004-02-04 | 2017-10-10 | Robert C. West | Electrolyte including silane for use in electrochemical devices |
| US8765295B2 (en) | 2004-02-04 | 2014-07-01 | Robert C. West | Electrolyte including silane for use in electrochemical devices |
| US9112236B2 (en) | 2005-10-20 | 2015-08-18 | Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation | Lithium secondary batteries and nonaqueous electrolyte for use in the same |
| CN102324567A (zh) * | 2005-10-20 | 2012-01-18 | 三菱化学株式会社 | 锂二次电池以及其中使用的非水电解液 |
| EP1881024A1 (en) * | 2006-07-18 | 2008-01-23 | Nederlandse Organisatie voor toegepast- natuurwetenschappelijk onderzoek TNO | Use of a plasticizer in an electroactive polymer composition |
| KR100798596B1 (ko) * | 2006-12-21 | 2008-01-28 | 포항공과대학교 산학협력단 | 화학 센서 기능성 브러쉬 폴리에테르계 고분자 화합물,이의 제조방법 및 이를 이용한 화학센서 소자 |
| ITMI20071147A1 (it) * | 2007-06-05 | 2008-12-06 | Getters Spa | Batterie ricaricabili al litio comprendenti mezzi per l'assorbimento di sostanze nocive |
| ITMI20071148A1 (it) | 2007-06-05 | 2008-12-06 | Getters Spa | Batterie ricaricabili al litio comprendenti mezzi in forma di foglio polimerico multistrato per l'assorbimento di sostanze nocive |
| JP5020128B2 (ja) * | 2008-03-13 | 2012-09-05 | 三洋電機株式会社 | 固体電解コンデンサ |
| KR101943647B1 (ko) * | 2009-02-23 | 2019-01-29 | 가부시키가이샤 무라타 세이사쿠쇼 | 비수 전해질 조성물, 비수 전해질 이차 전지 및 비수 전해질 이차 전지의 제조 방법 |
| JP4835736B2 (ja) * | 2009-08-31 | 2011-12-14 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 固体電解質シートの製造方法 |
| CN102639544B (zh) | 2009-10-05 | 2015-04-29 | 陶氏环球技术有限责任公司 | 由磷酰氯和二醇或者聚二醇的单烷基醚制造磷酸酯的方法 |
| JP2011159488A (ja) | 2010-02-01 | 2011-08-18 | Sony Corp | 非水電解質組成物および非水電解質二次電池 |
| US20130062575A1 (en) * | 2010-03-21 | 2013-03-14 | Chemetall Gmbh | Metal imide compounds as anode materials for lithium batteries and galvanic elements with a high storage capacity |
| CN103081184B (zh) * | 2010-03-31 | 2017-03-29 | 凯密特尔有限责任公司 | 作为阳极材料用于具有高贮存容量的锂电池和原电池的金属亚氨基化合物 |
| CN103500845B (zh) * | 2013-10-08 | 2015-11-25 | 中南大学 | 一种交联聚合物基全固态电解质材料及交联聚氧乙烯醚的应用 |
| CN104779415A (zh) * | 2015-04-03 | 2015-07-15 | 中南大学 | 一种锂电池固体电解质及全固态锂电池 |
| US11217828B2 (en) * | 2016-12-05 | 2022-01-04 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Flame-retardant, non-toxic phosphate ester ionic liquid electrolytes and method of making |
| CN110289392B (zh) * | 2018-03-19 | 2022-12-02 | 深圳新宙邦科技股份有限公司 | 一种用于锂离子电池的聚合物电解质及聚合物电池 |
| JP7063044B2 (ja) * | 2018-03-26 | 2022-05-09 | Tdk株式会社 | リチウム二次電池 |
| CN112038690B (zh) * | 2019-06-04 | 2022-12-06 | 北京卫蓝新能源科技有限公司 | 一种含硼聚合物固态电解质及其应用 |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4129543A (en) * | 1976-06-18 | 1978-12-12 | Hi-Tech Industries, Inc. | Thermosetting molding resin compositions |
| US4183843A (en) * | 1978-09-20 | 1980-01-15 | Aluminum Company Of America | Phosphate ester coating on inorganic fillers for polyester resins |
| JPS58206078A (ja) * | 1982-05-27 | 1983-12-01 | Showa Denko Kk | 電池 |
| JPS61256573A (ja) | 1985-05-08 | 1986-11-14 | Rikagaku Kenkyusho | 固体電解質電池 |
| JPH0687125B2 (ja) * | 1987-06-22 | 1994-11-02 | 富士写真フイルム株式会社 | 感光感熱記録材料 |
| DE3920129A1 (de) | 1988-06-21 | 1989-12-28 | Ricoh Kk | Elektrochemische vorrichtung |
| US5108832A (en) * | 1990-09-28 | 1992-04-28 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Flexible intumescent coating composition |
| JP2696011B2 (ja) | 1991-08-01 | 1998-01-14 | 日本原子力研究所 | 電 池 |
| JP2987474B2 (ja) | 1991-10-15 | 1999-12-06 | 第一工業製薬株式会社 | 固体電解質 |
| US5230818A (en) * | 1991-12-20 | 1993-07-27 | Eastman Kodak Company | Coating compositions for master media for anhysteretic recording |
| IT1254709B (it) * | 1992-01-17 | 1995-10-09 | Enea Ente Nuove Tec | Elettrolita polimerico composito particolarmente utile per l'impiego in accumulatori elettrochimici leggeri. |
| JPH05198303A (ja) | 1992-01-21 | 1993-08-06 | Dai Ichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co Ltd | 電 池 |
| US5268243A (en) | 1992-01-27 | 1993-12-07 | Dai-Ichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd. | Galvanic cell |
| DE69315914T2 (de) | 1992-08-27 | 1998-04-16 | Dai Ichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co Ltd | Ionenleitender Polymerelektrolyt |
| DE69309861T2 (de) | 1992-11-18 | 1997-09-11 | Mitsui Petrochemical Ind | Carbonatverbindungen, nicht wässrige Elektrolytlösungen und nicht wässrige Elektrolytlösungen enthaltende Batterien |
| IL105341A (en) | 1993-04-08 | 1996-12-05 | Univ Ramot | Composite solid electrolyte and alkali metal batteries using this electrolyte |
| KR950008604A (ko) * | 1993-09-07 | 1995-04-19 | 안시환 | 자외선 경화형 리튬이온 고분자 고체 전해질 조성물 및 그의 제조방법 |
| JP3311454B2 (ja) | 1993-12-09 | 2002-08-05 | 三洋電機株式会社 | アルカリ亜鉛二次電池 |
| EP0825664B1 (en) | 1994-07-07 | 2003-10-08 | Mitsui Chemicals, Inc. | Non-aqueous electrolytic solutions and non-aqueous electrolyte cells comprising the same |
| JP3425493B2 (ja) | 1994-07-28 | 2003-07-14 | 日立マクセル株式会社 | 非水二次電池およびその製造方法 |
| JP3341524B2 (ja) | 1995-04-04 | 2002-11-05 | 宇部興産株式会社 | リチウム二次電池用電解液 |
| JPH09115548A (ja) | 1995-10-13 | 1997-05-02 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | リチウム二次電池 |
| JPH11514790A (ja) | 1995-11-03 | 1999-12-14 | アリゾナ ボード オブ リージェンツ | 電気化学デバイスに使用される広い電気化学ウィンドウの溶媒、およびその溶媒を組み込んだ電解質溶液 |
| US5674437A (en) * | 1996-02-28 | 1997-10-07 | Glotex Corporation | Method of providing luminescence to fibrous materials |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20210246098A1 (en) * | 2018-01-30 | 2021-08-12 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Electrolyte, electrochemical device, lithium ion secondary battery, and module |
| US11945776B2 (en) * | 2018-01-30 | 2024-04-02 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Electrolyte, electrochemical device, lithium ion secondary battery, and module |
| US12272789B2 (en) | 2018-01-30 | 2025-04-08 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Electrolyte, electrochemical device, lithium ion secondary battery, and module |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR20010030873A (ko) | 2001-04-16 |
| EP1023746A1 (de) | 2000-08-02 |
| US20040054057A1 (en) | 2004-03-18 |
| AU9629298A (en) | 1999-04-27 |
| US6642294B1 (en) | 2003-11-04 |
| JP2001519464A (ja) | 2001-10-23 |
| WO1999018621A1 (de) | 1999-04-15 |
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