WO2023092615A1 - 一种磨削抛光一体式机床 - Google Patents

一种磨削抛光一体式机床 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023092615A1
WO2023092615A1 PCT/CN2021/134324 CN2021134324W WO2023092615A1 WO 2023092615 A1 WO2023092615 A1 WO 2023092615A1 CN 2021134324 W CN2021134324 W CN 2021134324W WO 2023092615 A1 WO2023092615 A1 WO 2023092615A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
assembly
grinding
polishing
workpiece
fine grinding
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/134324
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
傅奇帆
李期辉
朱杰
Original Assignee
浙江傅氏机械科技有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 浙江傅氏机械科技有限公司 filed Critical 浙江傅氏机械科技有限公司
Publication of WO2023092615A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023092615A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B27/00—Other grinding machines or devices
    • B24B27/0076—Other grinding machines or devices grinding machines comprising two or more grinding tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B21/00—Machines or devices using grinding or polishing belts; Accessories therefor
    • B24B21/008—Machines comprising two or more tools or having several working posts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B21/00—Machines or devices using grinding or polishing belts; Accessories therefor
    • B24B21/02—Machines or devices using grinding or polishing belts; Accessories therefor for grinding rotationally symmetrical surfaces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B21/00—Machines or devices using grinding or polishing belts; Accessories therefor
    • B24B21/18—Accessories
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B41/00—Component parts such as frames, beds, carriages, headstocks
    • B24B41/06—Work supports, e.g. adjustable steadies
    • B24B41/067—Work supports, e.g. adjustable steadies radially supporting workpieces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B5/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor
    • B24B5/36—Single-purpose machines or devices
    • B24B5/363—Single-purpose machines or devices for grinding surfaces of revolution in situ
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B55/00—Safety devices for grinding or polishing machines; Accessories fitted to grinding or polishing machines for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition
    • B24B55/06—Dust extraction equipment on grinding or polishing machines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B57/00—Devices for feeding, applying, grading or recovering grinding, polishing or lapping agents
    • B24B57/02—Devices for feeding, applying, grading or recovering grinding, polishing or lapping agents for feeding of fluid, sprayed, pulverised, or liquefied grinding, polishing or lapping agents
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/10—Greenhouse gas [GHG] capture, material saving, heat recovery or other energy efficient measures, e.g. motor control, characterised by manufacturing processes, e.g. for rolling metal or metal working

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of mechanical processing, in particular to a grinding and polishing integrated machine tool.
  • Grinding is a mechanical processing method for removing materials. It refers to a processing method that uses abrasives and abrasive tools to remove excess material on a workpiece. Grinding is one of the most widely used methods of material removal.
  • Polishing refers to the use of mechanical, chemical or electrochemical effects to reduce the surface roughness of the workpiece to obtain a bright and flat surface. It is a modification of the surface of the workpiece by using polishing tools and abrasive particles or other polishing media.
  • Chinese patent CN105881157B discloses a peeling-polishing device and method for grinding metal pliers tools, including an XYZ three-axis linkage drive table, a peeling grinding mechanism, a polishing mechanism and a workpiece clamping device. It is characterized in that, It also includes a switching mechanism capable of exchanging work between the peeling grinding mechanism and the polishing mechanism; the switching mechanism is connected to the power output end of the XYZ three-axis linkage drive table, including a switching motor, and the peeling grinding mechanism, polishing mechanism Mechanisms are respectively installed on both sides of the peeling-polishing connection seat.
  • the abrasive belt and the polishing crawler are oppositely arranged on the peeling-polishing connecting seat, and the rotation switching of the abrasive belt and the polishing crawler is completed through the switching mechanism, thereby changing the grinding or polishing treatment method for the workpiece.
  • the invention provides an innovative design for the grinding and polishing of cylindrical workpieces, which solves the problem that the grinding and polishing processes cannot be continued, and also solves the problem of thicker dimensions in a single grinding process when grinding and polishing are integrated.
  • the technical problem of the lack of stability of the equipment, the switching stroke between each process is short and the efficiency is high, and it also solves the impact of the different clamping of the workpiece between multiple machine tools on the accuracy of the corresponding process, thus ensuring the integration of the workpiece Grinding and polishing mirror surface processing efficiency.
  • the object of the present invention is to address the deficiencies of the prior art, to provide a grinding and polishing integrated machine tool, which integrates rough grinding, fine grinding and polishing functions into one machine tool design, and directs the fine grinding assembly towards the grinding of the workpiece
  • the power pulls the polishing assembly, and the fine grinding assembly always keeps the direction of force pointing to the rotation center of the workpiece during grinding, and when the fine grinding is completed and the fine grinding assembly leaves the workpiece, the polishing assembly reaches the surface of the workpiece for polishing, and after polishing
  • the grinding assembly carries the coarse grinding assembly back to the original position, and the coarse grinding assembly is called out by the control assembly to perform rough grinding on the surface of the workpiece during the return process, which solves the technical problems described in the background art.
  • the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
  • a grinding and polishing integrated machine tool including: a machine tool body; and a clamping assembly clamped at both ends of a workpiece and driving the workpiece to rotate; it is characterized in that it also includes: a mobile frame slidingly arranged on the machine tool body; The grinding assembly installed on the mobile frame; the polishing assembly arranged on the opposite side of the grinding assembly; and the fine grinding action of the grinding assembly is performed on the rough grinding action before the next fine grinding action.
  • Switching control components when the grinding component is always aligned with the center of the workpiece to complete fine grinding and is separated from the workpiece, the polishing component follows the separation action to reach the fine grinding working surface for polishing.
  • the grinding assembly includes: a fine grinding assembly whose grinding pushing direction is always kept pointing to the rotation center of the workpiece; and a rough grinding assembly which is slidably arranged on one side of the fine grinding assembly and moves up and down following the fine grinding assembly .
  • control assembly includes: a sliding seat that is slidably installed on the rough grinding assembly and connected with the fine grinding assembly; Guide assembly that moves away from the workpiece.
  • the guide assembly includes: a guide seat; a guide rail arranged on the guide seat, the guide rail is a closed structure formed by the left and right sides being linearly parallel to each other, and the upper and lower sides being tapered; one end is inserted in the A traction piece on the guide track and the other end connected to the coarse grinding assembly; and a push piece arranged on the upper and lower inner walls of the guide track and pushing the traction piece to the other side of the taper.
  • the fine grinding assembly includes: a fine grinding roller; a centering assembly for installing the fine grinding roller; a lifting assembly for driving the fine grinding roller to reciprocate up and down; and a rotating assembly for driving the fine grinding roller to rotate drive unit.
  • the centering assembly includes: a centering seat connected to the power end of the lifting assembly; an arc-shaped guide rail arranged on the centering seat, and the rotation center of the fine grinding roller is aligned with the arc-shaped guide rail
  • the centers are consistent; the push and hold seat is used to install the fine grinding roller and one end is slid and clamped in the arc guide rail; the driving member drives the push and hold seat to rotate along the workpiece rotation center.
  • the rough grinding assembly includes: a rough grinding roller; and a power connection assembly that transmits the power of the rotating driving part to the rough grinding roller at the joint with the workpiece.
  • the polishing assembly includes: a polishing belt assembly; a cleaning assembly elastically attached to the surface of the rotating workpiece at the polishing front end of the polishing belt assembly; quantitative spraying of the polishing belt assembly intermittently spraying polishing agent on the polishing position of the workpiece components;
  • a face cleaning assembly that combs in the same direction as the buffing direction and rinses the carded face
  • the moving assembly moves the polishing belt assembly back and forth toward the workpiece.
  • the quantitative spraying assembly includes: a positioning outer cylinder with a spout on one side of the top; a rotating sleeve in the positioning outer cylinder and a carrying cylinder with through grooves corresponding to the spout on all sides; and a sliding A cover arranged on the top of the spout, one side of the cover is elastically connected with the polishing belt assembly.
  • the belt surface cleaning assembly includes: a combing cylinder rotating along the polishing direction, the rotation tangential speed of the carding cylinder is greater than the belt surface speed of the polishing belt assembly; Downstream of surface conveying, the spray assembly is used for high-pressure flushing of the surface of the polishing belt assembly.
  • the present invention enables the workpiece to be continuously polished after fine grinding, thereby realizing the integrated processing of grinding and polishing, and solving the problem of switching back and forth between grinding, grinding, and polishing.
  • the present invention realizes that the coarse grinding assembly is called out by the control assembly for rough grinding before the fine grinding, and also realizes the rough grinding process through the control assembly.
  • the switching between rough grinding and fine grinding of grinding components solves the vibration interference of rough grinding during fine grinding;
  • the centering component through the cooperation between the centering component, the lifting component and the fine grinding roller in the fine grinding component, when the lifting component carries the fine grinding roller to perform fine grinding on the surface of the workpiece, the centering component will also follow the lifting component
  • the lifting of the fine grinding roller makes the force direction of the fine grinding roller to the workpiece surface always point to the rotation center of the workpiece, thus ensuring the stability of the fine grinding roller during grinding;
  • the present invention keeps the surface of the workpiece to be ground and polished and the surface of the polishing belt in a clean state through the joint cooperation between the cleaning assembly and the belt surface spraying assembly, thereby improving the surface quality of the polished workpiece. mirror effect;
  • the present invention through the structural design of the quantitative spraying assembly, enables the polishing belt assembly to spray the polishing agent on the polishing contact position in stages when polishing the surface of the workpiece, which not only ensures the polishing effect, but also saves the cost of the polishing agent. Dosage;
  • the present invention is particularly suitable for grinding and polishing integrated mirror surface processing of cylindrical workpieces.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a side structure schematic diagram of Fig. 1 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is the structural representation of grinding assembly and polishing assembly of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is another lateral structural schematic diagram of Fig. 3 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is the structure enlargement diagram of grinding assembly of the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 is a structural schematic diagram of the transmission of the fine grinding assembly to the coarse grinding assembly of the present invention.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of the moving track of the present invention.
  • Fig. 8 is a sectional view of Fig. 7 of the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic structural view of the polishing assembly of the present invention.
  • Figure 10 is a cross-sectional view of a polishing assembly of the present invention.
  • Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of the grinding trajectory of the present invention.
  • first and second are used for descriptive purposes only, and cannot be interpreted as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as “first” and “second” may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of these features.
  • “plurality” means two or more, unless otherwise specifically defined.
  • a grinding and polishing integrated machine tool includes:
  • Machine tool body 1
  • a clamping assembly 2 that is clamped at both ends of the workpiece and drives the workpiece to rotate;
  • the grinding assembly 4 installed on the mobile frame 3;
  • a control component 6 that switches the fine grinding action of the grinding assembly 5 to the rough grinding action before the next fine grinding action
  • the polishing assembly 5 follows the detachment action and arrives at the fine grinding working surface for polishing.
  • the workpiece is first clamped by the clamping assembly 2, and when clamping, the driving rotation center of the clamping assembly 2 Corresponding to the preset center of the end surface of the workpiece, and along the preset center, the workpiece surface is ground and polished through the grinding assembly 4 and the polishing assembly 5, and the rotation center of the preset center can be removed by grinding
  • the excess material on the surface of the workpiece is polished by the polishing assembly 3, so that the workpiece is polished into a required mirror product.
  • the grinding assembly 4 adopts a bottom-up fine grinding process, so that the grinding process moves along the chord length L direction of the workpiece. , thereby increasing the length of the running track during grinding.
  • the moving length is Rx, and Lx at this time is always greater than Rx, so that the grinding accuracy along the grinding direction of Lx is significantly improved.
  • the grinding assembly 4 when the grinding assembly 4 is preferably used to finely grind the surface of the workpiece from bottom to top, it will be linked with the polishing assembly 5 to approach the workpiece surface on the other side of the grinding, and when the grinding assembly 4 is from bottom to top After the grinding is completed, the polishing assembly 5 is connected to the surface of the workpiece after grinding, so as to polish the surface of the workpiece after fine grinding, and after the polishing treatment is completed, the grinding assembly 4 needs to be removed by the machine tool body 1 (It needs to be added that this machine tool body 1 is the prior art, and when it drives the mobile frame 3 to move back and forth, it can preferably be passed through the servo drive in the prior art.
  • the motor drives the screw to rotate, so that the grinding assembly 4 and the polishing assembly 5 on the moving bracket 3 are driven to move back and forth due to the threaded connection between the screw and the moving bracket 3), and before conveying, the grinding action is from top to bottom
  • the bottom returns to its original position, and when it moves downward, it will perform rough grinding action on the surface of the workpiece to be finely ground along the direction of the moving frame 3, and after the rough grinding action from top to bottom is completed , the mobile frame 3 will further transport the grinding assembly 4 and the polishing assembly 5 in the length direction without grinding and polishing, and through the mutual cooperation between the grinding assembly 4 and the polishing assembly 5, the fine grinding action is completed Immediately after that, the polishing action is performed to improve the mirror surface processing efficiency of the workpiece, and when the fine grinding action is completed and returned, the untreated surface of the workpiece is roughly ground, thereby reducing the workpiece damage caused by a single high-intensity grinding of the workpiece damage.
  • the grinding assembly 4 includes:
  • the rough grinding component 42 which is arranged on one side of the fine grinding component 41 and moves up and down following the fine grinding component 41 is slid.
  • the fine grinding assembly 41 is preferably used to carry out fine grinding treatment on the rough-machined workpiece surface from bottom to top, and in the process of fine grinding, through Make the pushing force of the fine grinding assembly 41 point to the center of rotation of the workpiece all the time, thereby making the fine grinding action more stable, and when the fine grinding assembly 41 returns from top to bottom after grinding from bottom to top, the rough grinding assembly 42 moves to Close to the side of the workpiece, the rough grinding action is performed from top to bottom, and after the rough grinding is completed, when the fine grinding action is performed from bottom to top following the fine grinding assembly 41 again, the rough grinding assembly 42 will automatically separate from the workpiece.
  • control assembly 6 includes:
  • a slide seat 61 that is slidably installed with the coarse grinding assembly 42 and connected with the fine grinding assembly 41;
  • a guide assembly 62 installed on the moving frame 3 and moving the coarse grinding assembly 42 away from the workpiece during fine grinding.
  • the guide assembly 62 drives the sliding seat 61
  • the coarse grinding assembly 42 moves away from the workpiece, so as to avoid fine grinding chatter caused by the contact between the rough grinding assembly 42 and the workpiece during the fine grinding process, which affects the fine grinding effect, and after the polishing is completed, the surface of the polished workpiece
  • the radial dimension is smaller than the radial dimension of the fine grinding process, so that after polishing, the fine grinding assembly 41 does not need to be far away from the workpiece, and can complete the avoidance of the surface of the workpiece by returning according to the original path, and in the process of returning to the original path, through the guide assembly 62
  • the rough grinding assembly 42 on the slide seat 61 is moved to the rough grinding position before fine grinding.
  • the guide assembly 62 includes:
  • the guide track 622 provided on the guide seat 621, the guide track 622 is a closed structure formed by the left and right sides being linearly parallel to each other, and the upper and lower sides being tapered;
  • one end is inserted on the guide track 622 and the other end is connected with the rough grinding assembly 42;
  • the pusher 624 is provided on the upper and lower inner side walls of the guide rail 611 and pushes the traction member 612 to the other side of the taper.
  • the guide assembly 62 guides the coarse grinding assembly 42
  • the sliding seat 61 follows the fine grinding assembly 41 to reciprocate up and down
  • the coarse grinding assembly 42 will be on the sliding seat 61 and follow the sliding seat 61 Move up and down reciprocatingly, and the coarse grinding assembly 42 is guided in the guide rail 622 on the guide seat 621 by the traction member 623
  • the coarse grinding assembly 42 moves up and down, follow the guide direction of the guide rail 622 to move toward the workpiece direction or move away from the workpiece Direction movement, so as to ensure that the rough grinding assembly 42 withdraws during the fine grinding process and the rough grinding assembly 42 moves to the workpiece surface for rough grinding treatment during the rough grinding process.
  • the guide rail 622 is a closed structure formed by the left and right sides being linearly parallel to each other and the upper and lower sides being tapered, through the tapered structure at the upper and lower ends, when the traction member 623 reaches the fixed point of the tapered shape,
  • the pusher 624 is used to quickly push the traction piece 623 to the other side of the cone, so that the coarse grinding assembly 42 follows the traction piece 623 to cut out or cut in the coarse grinding.
  • the push piece 624 includes a push groove 6241 opened on the inner wall of the guide track 622, a push block 6242 inserted in the push groove 6241, and a push block 6242 connected to the push groove.
  • the elastic member 6243 between 6241, the push block 6242 protrudes from the inner wall of the guide rail 622.
  • the push block 6242 when the traction member 623 reaches the apex of the guiding cone, the push block 6242 will be pressed into the push groove 6241, and when the traction member 623 has a tendency to move in another direction, the force of the elastic member 6243 The elastic force will squeeze the traction member 623 to the opposite side of the originally moving tapered track, thereby realizing track switching.
  • the fine grinding assembly 41 includes:
  • Fine grinding roller 411
  • a lifting assembly 413 that drives the fine grinding roller 411 to reciprocate up and down;
  • the rotation driving part 414 that drives the rotation of the fine grinding roller 411 .
  • the lifting assembly 413 will drive the fine grinding roller 411 installed on the centering assembly 412 to reciprocate up and down, and the fine grinding roller 411 is driven by the rotating drive part 414 Rotate, so as to realize the fine grinding of the surface of the workpiece, and in order to better ensure the dynamic stability during grinding, in the process of the lifting assembly 413 moving the fine grinding roller 411 up and down, the centering assembly 412 makes the fine grinding roller
  • the force applied by 411 to the workpiece is always directed to the rotation center of the workpiece, thus ensuring the stability of the workpiece during grinding.
  • the centering assembly 412 includes:
  • a centering seat 4121 connected to the power end of the lifting assembly 413;
  • the driving member 4124 that drives the pushing seat 4123 to rotate along the workpiece rotation center.
  • the lifting assembly 413 moves the centering seat 4121 up and down
  • the driving member held on the center of rotation of the workpiece 4124 will drive the pushing seat 4123 to rotate on the arc guide rail 4122, and make the pointing direction of the pushing seat 4123 align with the rotation center of the workpiece.
  • the lifting assembly 413 includes a lifting bracket 4131 installed on the mobile frame 3, a screw rod 4132 inserted at the upper and lower ends of the lifting bracket 4131 and screwed to the centering seat 4121 And the lifting motor 4133 that is arranged on the top of the lifting bracket 4131 and connected with the screw rod 4132 .
  • the lifting motor 4133 is preferably a servo motor.
  • the lifting motor 4133 drives the screw rod 4132 to rotate, it will make the centering seat 4121 screwed with it move up and down, so that the applied force of the fine grinding roller 411 is always While pointing to the center of rotation of the workpiece, the fine grinding roller 411 is also moved up and down to perform fine grinding on the surface of the workpiece.
  • the rotation driving part 414 includes a driven wheel 4141 and a driving wheel 4142 arranged on the outside of the positioning seat 4121 and connected with the fine grinding roller 411 , and a drive wheel 4142 is connected to the driven wheel 4141 and the driving wheel.
  • the driving belt 4143 of 4142 and the rotating motor 4144 that is arranged on the centering seat 4121 and the power end is connected with the driving wheel 4142 .
  • the rotating motor 4144 is preferably a servo motor
  • the driving wheel 4142 is driven by the rotation of the rotating motor 4144
  • the driving wheel 4142 drives the driven wheel 4141 to rotate through the transmission belt 4143, so that the driven wheel 4141 drives the fine grinding roller 411 to rotate, Fine grinding is performed on the surface of the workpiece.
  • the drive member 4124 includes a
  • the coarse grinding assembly 42 includes:
  • the power connection assembly 422 that transmits the power of the rotating driving part 414 to the rough grinding roller 421 at the contact with the workpiece.
  • the power connection assembly 422 when the rough grinding assembly 42 moves to the surface of the workpiece for rough grinding, when the sliding frame 423 moves toward the side of the workpiece surface, the power connection assembly 422 outputs the rotational power of the rotating drive part 414 to the coarse grinding roller 421, so that the rotating rough grinding roller 421 performs rough grinding on the surface of the workpiece.
  • the power connection assembly 422 includes a first linkage gear 4221 arranged outside the sliding frame 423 and connected with the coarse grinding roller 421 and a second linkage gear arranged on the driven wheel 4141 4222 , the first linkage gear 4221 can mesh with the second linkage gear 4222 .
  • the rotating motor 4144 stops working at this time, and when the fine grinding roller 411 descends and returns,
  • the first interlocking gear 4221 connected to the coarse grinding roller 421 moving on one side of the workpiece surface will gradually move to the second interlocking gear 4222 side, and mesh with the second interlocking gear 4222, and after meshing, the rotating motor 4144 continues to work,
  • the rough grinding roller 421 is driven to rotate to carry out rough grinding to the workpiece.
  • the driven wheel 4141 is installed on a fixed bracket (not shown in the figure), and the fixed bracket is arranged on the lifting bracket 4131 .
  • the fixed bracket can realize the rotational installation of the driven wheel 4141, thereby ensuring that the rotation center of the fine grinding roller 411 remains unchanged all the time.
  • the polishing assembly 5 includes:
  • polishing belt assembly 51
  • a cleaning assembly 52 elastically attached to the surface of the rotating workpiece at the polishing front end of the polishing belt assembly 51;
  • the combing direction is the same as the polishing direction and the belt surface cleaning assembly 54 for rinsing the carded belt surface;
  • the moving assembly 55 moves the polishing belt assembly 51 back and forth toward the workpiece.
  • the fine grinding process on the surface of the workpiece is preferably completed from bottom to top in the fine grinding assembly 41, the moving assembly 55 will make the polishing belt assembly 51 gradually approach the surface of the workpiece, and after the fine grinding process, along with the fine grinding As the grinding assembly 41 continues to rise, the polishing belt assembly 51 will be in contact with the surface of the workpiece, thereby polishing the workpiece, and in the polishing process and in the fine grinding process before polishing, the dust cleaning assembly 52 can be used to clean the workpiece.
  • the workpiece surface polishing or grinding waste is cleaned, and the intermittent spraying of the polishing agent in the workpiece polishing process is carried out by the quantitative spraying assembly 53, thereby saving the polishing amount of the polishing agent, and in the polishing process, the polishing belt assembly 51
  • the belt surface will carry waste particles due to polishing, so the belt surface is cleaned of waste particles by using the belt surface cleaning assembly 54 .
  • the polishing belt assembly 51 includes a casing 511 slidably mounted on the moving frame 3 , a rotating roller 512 arranged on the casing 511 , and a transmission sleeve mounted on the rotating roller 512 A polishing belt 513 and a polishing motor 514 installed on the casing 511 and connected to one set of the rotating rollers 512 in power.
  • the polishing motor 514 is preferably a servo motor, and the polishing motor 514 is transmitted to one set of rotating rollers 512, so that the polishing belt 513 is driven along the polishing roller 512 through the other group of rotating rollers 512 and the polishing belt 513.
  • the raised frame rotates, thereby performing polishing treatment through the polishing belt 513 attached to the surface of the workpiece.
  • the moving assembly 55 includes a fixed gear 551 installed on one side of the lifting bracket 4131 , a first rack 552 connected to the centering seat 4121 and connected to the housing 511 The first rack 552 is meshed with the fixed gear 551 , and the second rack 552 is meshed with the fixed gear 551 .
  • the fine grinding assembly 411 raises the first rack 552 through the centering seat 4121, so that the raised first rack 552 Drive the fixed gear 551 to rotate, and then the fixed gear 551 drives the second rack 552 to move, so that the second rack 552 pulls the housing 511 and the entire polishing belt assembly 51 to move toward the workpiece surface.
  • the top of the mobile frame 3 is provided with a slide rail 31 for the bottom of the casing 511 to slide back and forth.
  • the polishing belt assembly 51 can be accurately positioned on the surface of the workpiece after fine grinding.
  • the quantitative spraying assembly 53 includes:
  • the rotating socket is in the positioning outer cylinder 531 and is provided with a material-carrying cylinder 532 with a through groove 5321 corresponding to the spout 5311;
  • the sliding cover is arranged on the cover 533 at the top of the spout 5311 , and one side of the cover 533 is elastically connected with the polishing belt assembly 51 .
  • the cover 533 when the quantitative spraying assembly 53 sprays the polishing agent between the workpiece and the polishing belt 513, when the polishing belt 513 touches the surface of the workpiece, the cover 533 will be elastically pushed open, so that the nozzle 5311 is exposed. And when the carrying cylinder 532 rotates so that the channel 5321 communicates with the nozzle 5311, the polishing agent in the material carrying cylinder 532 is ejected from the channel 5321 and the nozzle 5311 to the polishing position of the workpiece by the polishing belt 513.
  • one side of the cover 533 is connected with an insertion rod 5341, the other end of the insertion rod 5341 is inserted on the housing 511, and the other end of the cover 533 is provided with a push rod 5343, a spring 523 is connected between the cover 533 and the housing 511.
  • the ejector rod 5343 when the quantitative spraying assembly 53 moves toward the workpiece along with the polishing belt assembly 51, the ejector rod 5343 will follow and move, thereby abutting against preferably the side of the mobile frame 3, so that the cover 533 is pushed open, The spout 5311 is exposed to spray polishing agent, and when the polishing belt assembly 51 leaves the polishing workpiece, the push rod 5343 also gradually leaves the side of the mobile frame 3, and the spring 523 can elastically act on the cover 533, so that the cover 533 can Continue to block the top nozzle 5311 of the positioning outer cylinder 531.
  • the belt surface cleaning assembly 54 includes:
  • the spray assembly 542 is arranged downstream of the combing cylinder 541 along the belt surface of the polishing belt assembly 51 and performs high-pressure flushing on the belt surface of the polishing belt assembly 51 .
  • the belt surface cleaning assembly 54 first combs the polishing belt 513 that is poured in the opposite direction of polishing by the combing cylinder 541 in the polishing direction, and cleans Afterwards, the spray assembly 542 is used to rinse the surface of the cleaned polishing belt 513 with waste particles.
  • the combing cylinder 541 includes a combing cylinder 5411, a comb 5412 arranged on the surface of the combing cylinder 5411, a first The gear 5413 and the second gear 5121 meshing with the first gear 5413 and connected with the rotating roller 512 .
  • the rotation of the rotating roller 512 is transmitted to the second gear 5121, so that the second gear 5121 is meshed and transmitted to the first gear 5413, and the first gear 5413 further drives the rotation of the carding cylinder 5411, thereby turning the comb 5412 Carry out the combing work after polishing to the polishing belt 513 surface.
  • the number of teeth of the first gear 5413 is smaller than the number of teeth of the second gear 5121 .
  • the first gear 5413 is transmitted to the combing cylinder 5411 at a higher rotational speed.
  • the spray assembly 542 includes a spray head 542 and a raised guide roller 514 that pulls the polishing belt 513 toward the spray assembly 542 side.
  • the polishing belt 513 is pulled up by the guide roller 514 , so that the nozzle 542 can better act on the combed surface of the polishing belt 513 .
  • the cleaning assembly 52 includes a scraper 521 at the contact with the surface of the workpiece, a guide rod 522 arranged at the bottom of the scraper 521 and a storage tank connected between the scraper 521 and the mobile frame 3.
  • Can spring 523, the lower end of described guide rod 522 is movably inserted on described moving frame 3.
  • the scraper 521 is always in contact with the surface of the workpiece through the elastic force of the energy storage spring 523 , so as to realize the cleaning of waste particles polished or ground on the surface of the workpiece.
  • Step 1 rough grinding, the workpiece is clamped by the clamping assembly 2 and the workpiece is driven to rotate, and the coarse grinding assembly 42 switched out of the grinding assembly 4 is used for rough grinding, and then the machine tool body 1 is moved to the mobile frame 3 Drive to move, so that the rough grinding assembly 42 continues to move to the next rough grinding position, and makes the fine grinding assembly 41 reach the workpiece surface after rough grinding;
  • Step 2 fine grinding, through the control of the coarse grinding assembly 42 by the control assembly 6, the coarse grinding assembly 42 moves toward the direction away from the workpiece side, and then the lifting assembly 413 drives the fine grinding roller 411 to move to the surface of the workpiece after rough grinding , so that the surface of the workpiece is finely ground;
  • Step 3 centering and pushing, when the rough grinding roller 411 is finely grinding the surface of the workpiece, the centering component 412 will always ensure that the direction of force applied to the rough grinding roller 411 for supporting and grinding points to the center of rotation of the workpiece;
  • Step 4 polishing process, the fine grinding assembly 41 moves toward the workpiece surface during the fine grinding process, the polishing belt assembly 51 will gradually move toward the workpiece surface under the drive of the moving assembly 55, and the fine grinding assembly 41 finely grinds the workpiece After finishing and leaving the surface of the workpiece, the polishing belt assembly 51 will contact the surface of the workpiece after fine grinding and polish the surface of the workpiece;
  • Step 5 rough grinding again, after polishing, the fine grinding assembly 41 carries the rough grinding assembly 42 to return to the initial position, and when returning, the control assembly 6 switches out the rough grinding assembly 42, so that the rough grinding assembly 42 can be compared with the rough grinding assembly 42
  • the surface of the ground workpiece is in contact, and on the way back, the surface of the workpiece is roughly ground;
  • Step 6 Station movement. After the rough grinding action is completed, the machine tool body 1 will drive the mobile frame 3 to continue to move the unground and polished workpiece surface, and then undergo rough grinding, fine grinding and polishing to obtain a mirror surface product.

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Abstract

本发明提供了机械加工技术领域中的一种磨削抛光一体式机床，包括：机床本体；以及夹持在工件两端且驱动工件转动的夹持组件；其特征在于，还包括：滑动设于所述机床本体上的移动机架；安装在所述移动机架上的磨削组件；设于所述磨削组件对立侧的抛光组件；以及将磨削组件的精磨削动作对下一次精磨削动作前的粗磨削动作进行切换的控制组件；磨削组件始终对准工件中心完成精磨削并脱离工件时，抛光组件跟随脱离动作到达精磨削工作面进行抛光。本发明特别适用于筒装工件的磨削、抛光一体化镜面加工。

Description

一种磨削抛光一体式机床 技术领域
本发明涉及机械加工技术领域，尤其涉及一种磨削抛光一体式机床。
 背景技术
磨削，是一种去除材料的机械加工方法，指用磨料，磨具切除工件上多余材料的加工方法，磨削加工是应用较为广泛的材料去除方法之一。
抛光是指利用机械、化学或电化学的作用，使工件表面粗糙度降低，以获得光亮、平整表面的加工方法，是利用抛光工具和磨料颗粒或其他抛光介质对工件表面进行的修饰加工。
中国专利CN105881157B公开了一种五金钳类工具磨削的去皮-抛光装置及其方法，包括包括XYZ三轴联动驱动台、去皮磨削机构、抛光机构以及工件夹持装置，其特征在于，还包括能够实现去皮磨削机构、抛光机构交换工作的切换机构；所述的切换机构与XYZ三轴联动驱动台的动力输出端连接，包括切换电机，所述的去皮磨削机构、抛光机构分别安装在去皮-抛光连接座的两侧。
上述技术方案中，通过将砂带和抛光履带对立布置在去皮-抛光连接座上，并通过切换机构完成将砂带和抛光履带的转动切换，从而更换对工件的磨削或抛光处理方式。
本发明提供了一种针对筒状工件的磨削抛光加工的创新设计，解决了打磨、抛光工序无法持续进行，同时还解决了磨削抛光一体化处理时的单次磨削较厚尺寸而使设备缺乏稳定性的技术问题，各工序之间切换行程短、效率高，同时也解决了因工件在多机床之间的不同装夹对相应工序加工的精度影响，从而保证了对工件进行一体化磨削抛光的镜面加工效率。
 技术问题
本发明的目的是针对现有技术的不足之处，提供一种磨削抛光一体式机床，将粗磨、精磨以及抛光功能集成于一体的机床设计，并将精磨组件朝向工件的磨削动力牵拉抛光组件，精磨组件在磨削时始终保持施力方向指向工件转动中心，并在精磨完成且精磨组件离开工件时，抛光组件到达工件表面进行抛光，并在抛光完成后精磨组件携带粗磨组件返回原始位置，并通过控制组件调出粗磨组件在返程过程中对工件表面进行粗磨削，解决了背景技术所述的技术问题。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供如下技术方案：
一种磨削抛光一体式机床，包括：机床本体；以及夹持在工件两端且驱动工件转动的夹持组件；其特征在于，还包括：滑动设于所述机床本体上的移动机架；安装在所述移动机架上的磨削组件；设于所述磨削组件对立侧的抛光组件；以及将磨削组件的精磨削动作对下一次精磨削动作前的粗磨削动作进行切换的控制组件；磨削组件始终对准工件中心完成精磨削并脱离工件时，抛光组件跟随脱离动作到达精磨削工作面进行抛光。
进一步的，所述磨削组件包括：磨削推持方向始终保持指向工件转动中心的精磨组件；以及滑动设于所述精磨组件一侧且跟随所述精磨组件上下移动的粗磨组件。
进一步的，所述控制组件包括：滑动安装所述粗磨组件且与所述精磨组件相连接的滑座；以及安装在所述移动机架上且将精磨削时的所述粗磨组件移离工件的导向组件。
进一步的，所述导向组件包括：导向座；设于所述导向座上的导向轨道，所述导向轨道由左右两侧相互线性平行、上下两侧呈锥形构成的封闭结构；一端插设在所述导向轨道上且另一端与所述粗磨组件相连接的牵引件；以及设于所述导向轨道上下两内侧壁且将牵引件向锥形另一侧推送的推件。
进一步的，所述精磨组件包括：精磨辊；用于安装所述精磨辊的定心组件；驱动所述精磨辊上下往复运动的升降组件；以及驱动所述精磨辊转动的转动驱动部。
进一步的，所述定心组件包括：与所述升降组件动力端连接的定心座；设于所述定心座上的弧形导轨，所述精磨辊的转动中心与所述弧形导轨的中心保持一致；用于安装所述精磨辊且一端滑动卡设在所述弧形导轨内的推持座；沿工件转动中心驱动所述推持座转动的驱动件。
进一步的，所述粗磨组件包括：粗磨辊；以及将所述转动驱动部动力传动至与工件相接处的粗磨辊的动力连接组件。
进一步的，所述抛光组件包括：抛光带组件；弹性贴设在所述抛光带组件抛光前端的转动工件表面的清灰组件；对抛光带组件在工件的抛光位置间歇式喷涂抛光剂的定量喷涂组件；
梳理方向与抛光方向相同且冲洗梳理后带面的带面清理组件；以及
跟随所述精磨组件的精磨动作使抛光带组件朝向工件方向来回往复移动的移动组件。
进一步的，所述定量喷涂组件包括：顶部一侧开设有喷口的定位外筒；转动插套在所述定位外筒内且四周均开设有与喷口相对应的通槽的携料筒；以及滑动盖设在所述喷口顶部的封盖，所述封盖的一侧与所述抛光带组件弹性连接。
进一步的，所述带面清理组件包括：沿抛光方向转动的梳理滚筒，所述梳理滚筒的转动切线速度大于所述抛光带组件的带面速度；以及设于所述梳理滚筒沿抛光带组件带面输送的下游且对所述抛光带组件带面进行高压冲洗的喷淋组件。
本发明的有益效果在于：
（1）本发明通过磨削组件和抛光组件之间的配合，使工件在经过精磨削后被连续进行抛光处理，从而实现磨削、抛光处理的一体化处理，解决了来回切换磨削、抛光工序对加工效率的影响；
（2）本发明通过精磨组件、粗磨组件以及控制组件之间的配合，实现在精磨削前通过控制组件调出粗磨组件进行粗磨削处理，而且还实现了通过控制组件对粗磨组件的在粗、精磨削时的切换，解决了精打磨时粗磨削的颤动干涉；
（3）本发明通过精磨组件中定心组件、升降组件以及精磨辊之间的配合，在升降组件携带精磨辊对工件表面进行精磨削处理时，定心组件也会跟随升降组件对精磨辊的提升，使对精磨辊向工件表面的施力方向始终指向工件的转动中心，从而保证了磨削时的精磨辊稳定性；
（4）本发明在抛光带组件抛光时通过清灰组件、带面喷涂组件之间的共同配合，使得被磨削、抛光的工件表面以及抛光带表面始终保持洁净状态，从而提高抛光后工件表面的镜面效果；
（5）本发明通过定量喷涂组件的结构设计，使抛光带组件在对工件表面进行抛光处理时，阶段性的对抛光接触位置喷涂抛光剂，不仅保证了抛光效果，而且还节省了抛光剂的用量；
综上所述，本发明特别适用于筒装工件的磨削、抛光一体化镜面加工。
 附图说明
图1为本发明整体结构示意图；
图2为本发明图1的一侧结构示意图；
图3为本发明磨削组件和抛光组件的结构示意图；
图4为本发明图3的另一侧向结构示意图；
图5为本发明磨削组件的结构放大图；
图6为本发明精磨组件对粗磨组件传动的结构示意图；
图7为本发明移动轨道的结构示意图；
图8为本发明图7的剖视图；
图9为本发明抛光组件的结构示意图；
图10为本发明抛光组件的剖视图。
[根据细则91更正 10.12.2021]　
图11为本发明磨削轨迹示意图。
 具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
在本发明的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“中心”、“纵向”、“横向”、“长度”、“宽度”、“厚度”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”、“顺时针”、“逆时针”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的设备或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。在本发明的描述中，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。
实施例一
如图1和3所示，一种磨削抛光一体式机床，包括：
机床本体1；以及
夹持在工件两端且驱动工件转动的夹持组件2；
其特征在于，还包括：
滑动设于所述机床本体1上的移动机架3；
安装在所述移动机架3上的磨削组件4；
设于所述磨削组件4对立侧的抛光组件5；以及
将磨削组件5的精磨削动作对下一次精磨削动作前的粗磨削动作进行切换的控制组件6；
磨削组件4始终对准工件中心完成精磨削并脱离工件时，抛光组件5跟随脱离动作到达精磨削工作面进行抛光。
通过上述内容，不难发现，在对不锈钢工件特别是杆状工件进行打磨抛光过程中，先通过夹持组件2将工件进行夹紧，并在夹紧时，使得夹紧组件2的驱动转动中心对应于工件的端表面预设中心，并沿该预设中心对工件表面通过磨削组件4和抛光组件5进行磨削和抛光处理，并且，通过磨削能够清除以预设中心为转动中心的工件表面多余材料，再经过抛光组件3的抛光处理，使得工件被抛光成需求的镜面产品。
而且在本申请中，如图11所示，磨削组件4在对旋转工件进行磨削处理过程中，通过采用自下而上的精打磨处理，从而使得打磨过程沿工件的弦长L方向运动，从而增加了打磨时的运行轨迹长度原有方式为直接沿工件的径向R方向推进磨削，即当沿弦长方向磨削时的移动长度为Lx，而沿工件径向方向磨削时的移动长度为Rx，此时的Lx始终大于Rx，从而使得沿Lx的打磨方向磨削精度得到明显提高。
值得注意的是，在磨削组件4优选为自下而上对工件表面进行精打磨时，会联动抛光组件5向磨削另一侧的工件表面靠近，并在磨削组件4自下而上磨削完成后，抛光组件5与磨削后的工件表面相接处，从而对精磨削后的工件表面进行抛光处理，并且在抛光处理完成后，还需要通过机床本体1将磨削组件4和抛光组件5对未经打磨的沿长度方向的工件表面输送（需要补充的是，此机床本体1为现有技术，其驱动移动机架3来回往复移动时，可以优选通过现有技术中伺服电机对丝杆的带动转动，从而因丝杆与移动支架3之间的螺纹连接，驱动移动支架3上磨削组件4和抛光组件5来回移动），并且在输送之前，磨削动作自上而下回归原位，并在向下运动时，会对接下来沿移动机架3导送方向上的待精磨削的工件表面进行粗磨削动作，并在自上而下粗磨削动作完成后，移动机架3会进一步的对磨削组件4和抛光组件5对未经磨削抛光的长度方向输送，通过磨削组件4和抛光组件5之间的相互配合，使得在精磨削动作完成之后，立即进行抛光动作，从而提高工件的镜面加工效率，并且在精打磨动作完成返回时，对工件未处理表面进行粗磨削，从而减少单次对工件进行大强度磨削时，导致的工件损坏。
如图3所示，所述磨削组件4包括：
磨削推持方向始终保持指向工件转动中心的精磨组件41；以及
滑动设于所述精磨组件41一侧且跟随所述精磨组件41上下移动的粗磨组件42。
在本实施例中，磨削组件4在进行磨削时，利用精磨组件41优选为自下而上对粗加工后的工件表面进行精磨削处理，并且在精磨削的过程中，通过使得精磨组件41的推持力始终指向工件转动中心，从而使得精磨削动作更加稳定，并且在精磨组件41自下而上磨削完成自上而下返回时，粗磨组件42移动至靠近工件一侧，进行自上而下的粗打磨动作，并且在粗打磨完成后，再次跟随精磨组件41自下而上进行精打磨动作时，粗磨组件42会自动与工件分离。
如图3所示，所述控制组件6包括：
滑动安装所述粗磨组件42且与所述精磨组件41相连接的滑座61；以及
安装在所述移动机架3上且将精磨削时的所述粗磨组件42移离工件的导向组件62。
在本实施例中，控制组件6在控制精磨组件41和粗磨组件42进行打磨切换过程中，在利用精磨组件41对工件表面进行精磨动作时，通过导向组件62带动滑座61上的粗磨组件42向远离工件方向移动，从而避免精磨削过程中，粗磨组件42与工件接触而导致的精磨颤动，影响精磨效果，并且在抛光完成后，此时被抛光工件的径向尺寸小于精磨过程的径向尺寸，从而在抛光后，精磨组件41无需远离工件，按原路径返回即可完成对工件表面的避开，并且在原路返回过程中，通过导向组件62再将滑座61上的粗磨组件42移至对精打磨前的粗打磨位置。
如图3和6-7所示，所述导向组件62包括：
导向座621；
设于所述导向座621上的导向轨道622，所述导向轨道622由左右两侧相互线性平行、上下两侧呈锥形构成的封闭结构；
一端插设在所述导向轨道622上且另一端与所述粗磨组件42相连接的牵引件623；以及
设于所述导向轨道611上下两内侧壁且将牵引件612向锥形另一侧推送的推件624。
本实施例中，导向组件62在对粗磨组件42进行导向的过程中，随着滑座61跟随精磨组件41的上下往复运动，粗磨组件42会在滑座61上并跟随滑座61上下往复移动，并且粗磨组件42通过牵引件623在导向座621上的导向轨道622内的导向，使粗磨组件42上下移动时，跟随导向轨道622的导向方向朝向工件方向运动或朝向远离工件方向运动，从而保证在精磨削过程中的粗磨组件42撤离以及在粗磨削过程中的粗磨组件42移动至工件表面进行粗磨处理。
还需要说明的是，因导向轨道622由左右两侧相互线性平行、上下两侧呈锥形构成的封闭结构，通过上下两端的锥形结构，可以在牵引件623到达此锥形的定点时，利用推件624将牵引件623快速推送至锥形的另一侧，从而使粗磨组件42跟随牵引件623进行粗磨的切出或切入。
需要补充的是，所述推件624包括开设在所述导向轨道622内侧壁上的推槽6241、插设在所述推槽6241内的推块6242以及连接在所述推块6242和推槽6241之间的弹性件6243，所述推块6242伸出所述导向轨道622的内壁。
本实施例中，在牵引件623到达导向的锥形顶点时，会将推块6242压入至推槽6241中，并且在牵引件623具有朝向另一方向的运动趋势时，通过弹性件6243的弹力作用，会将牵引件623挤压至原来运动的锥形轨道的相对一侧，从而实现轨道的切换。
如图5所示，所述精磨组件41 包括：
精磨辊411；
用于安装所述精磨辊411的定心组件412；
驱动所述精磨辊411上下往复运动的升降组件413；以及
驱动所述精磨辊411转动的转动驱动部414。
在本实施例中，在精磨组件41进行精磨过程中，升降组件413会带动定心组件412上安装的精磨辊411上下往复运动，并通过转动驱动部414对精磨辊411的驱动转动，从而实现对工件表面的精磨削，并且为了更好的保证磨削时的动力稳定性，在升降组件413使精磨辊411上下移动的过程中，通过定心组件412使得精磨辊411对工件的施加力始终指向工件的转动中心，从而保证了工件磨削时的稳定性。
如图4和5所示，所述定心组件412包括：
与所述升降组件413动力端连接的定心座4121；
设于所述定心座4121上的弧形导轨4122，所述精磨辊411的转动中心与所述弧形导轨4122的中心保持一致；
用于安装所述精磨辊411且一端滑动卡设在所述弧形导轨4122内的推持座4123；
沿工件转动中心驱动所述推持座4123转动的驱动件4124。
在本实施例中，在利用定心组件412将精磨辊411的推送力指向工件转动中心的过程中，在升降组件413使得定心座4121上下移动时，保持在工件转动中心上的驱动件4124会驱动推持座4123在弧形导轨4122上转动，并使得推持座4123的指向方向对准工件的转动中心。
需要补充的是，所述升降组件413包括安装在所述移动机架3上的升降支架4131、插设在所述升降支架4131上下两端且与所述定心座4121螺纹连接的丝杆4132以及设于所述升降支架4131顶部且与所述丝杆4132相连接的升降电机4133。
本实施例中，升降电机4133优选为伺服电机，在升降电机4133传动带动丝杆4132转动的过程中，会使得与其螺纹连接的定心座4121上下移动，从而使得精磨辊411的施加力始终指向工件转动中心的同时，还使得精磨辊411上下移动对工件表面进行精磨削处理。
还需要补充的是，所述转动驱动部414包括设于所述定位座4121外侧且与所述精磨辊411相连接的从动轮4141、主动轮4142、传动连接所述从动轮4141和主动轮4142的传动皮带4143以及设于所述定心座4121上且动力端与主动轮4142相连接的转动电机4144。
在本实施例中，转动电机4144优选为伺服电机，通过转动电机4144的转动带动主动轮4142，并且主动轮4142通过传动皮带4143带动从动轮4141转动，从而从动轮4141驱动精磨辊411转动，对工件表面进行精磨削处理。
再具体的说，如图4所述，所述驱动件4124包括设于所述机床本体1上的
如图5所示，所述粗磨组件42包括：
粗磨辊421；
用于安装所述粗磨辊421的滑动框架423；以及
将所述转动驱动部414动力传动至与工件相接处的粗磨辊421的动力连接组件422。
本实施例中，粗磨组件42在移动至工件表面进行粗磨处理时，会在滑动框架423朝向工件表面一侧移动时，使得动力连接组件422将转动驱动部414的转动动力输出给粗磨辊421，从而使得转动的粗磨辊421对工件表面进行粗打磨。
需要补充的是，所述动力连接组件422包括设于所述滑动框架423外侧且与所述粗磨辊421相连接的第一联动齿轮4221以及设于所述从动轮4141上的第二联动齿轮4222，所述第一联动齿轮4221可与所述第二联动齿轮4222相啮合。
本实施例中，不难发现，在精磨辊411优选为自下而上进行精磨削后，到达最顶部，此时的转动电机4144停止工作，并且在精磨辊411下降返回时，向工件表面一侧移动的粗磨辊421连接的第一联动齿轮4221会逐渐移动至第二联动齿轮4222一侧，并与第二联动齿轮4222相啮合，并在啮合后，转动电机4144继续工作，带动粗磨辊421转动，对工件进行粗磨削。
还需要补充的是，所述从动轮4141安装在固定支架（图中未示出）上，且固定支架设于所述升降支架4131上。
在本实施例中，固定支架可以实现对从动轮4141的转动安装，从而保证了精磨辊411的转动中心始终保持不变。
实施例二
如图9所示，其中与实施例一中相同或相应的部件采用与实施例一相应的附图标记，为简便起见，下文仅描述与实施例一的区别点。该实施例二与实施例一的不同之处在于：所述抛光组件5包括：
抛光带组件51；
弹性贴设在所述抛光带组件51抛光前端的转动工件表面的清灰组件52；
对抛光带组件51在工件的抛光位置间歇式喷涂抛光剂的定量喷涂组件53；
梳理方向与抛光方向相同且冲洗梳理后带面的带面清理组件54；以及
跟随所述精磨组件41的精磨动作使抛光带组件51朝向工件方向来回往复移动的移动组件55。
在本实施例中，在精磨组件41优选为自下而上完成对工件表面的精磨处理，移动组件55会使得抛光带组件51逐渐靠近工件表面，并且在精磨处理过后，随着精磨组件41持续的上升，抛光带组件51会与工件表面相接处，从而对工件进行抛光处理，并且在抛光过程中以及在抛光之前的精磨削过程中，通过清灰组件52可以实现对工件表面抛光或打磨废屑进行清理，并且通过定量喷涂组件53在对工件抛光过程中进行抛光剂的间歇式喷涂，从而节省抛光剂的抛光用量，而且在进行抛光过程中，抛光带组件51的带面会因抛光而携带废屑颗粒，从而通过利用带面清理组件54对带面进行废屑颗粒的清理。
需要补充的是，所述抛光带组件51包括滑动安装在所述移动机架3上的壳体511、设于所述壳体511上的转动辊512、传动套设在所述转动辊512上的抛光带513以及安装在所述壳体511上且与其中一组所述转动辊512动力连接的抛光电机514。
在本实施例中，抛光电机514优选为伺服电机，抛光电机514传动给其中一组的转动辊512，从而通过其他组的转动辊512和抛光带513传动，使得抛光带513沿抛光辊512支起的框架转动，从而通过贴设在工件表面的抛光带513进行抛光处理。
还需要补充的是，所述移动组件55包括安装在所述升降支架4131一侧的固定齿轮551、与所述定心座4121相连接的第一齿条552以及与所述壳体511相连接的第二齿条553，所述第一齿条552与所述固定齿轮551相啮合，所述第二齿条552与所述固定齿轮551相啮合。
本实施例中，移动组件55在使得精磨组件411的移动动力传递给抛光带组件51时，精磨组件411通过定心座4121使第一齿条552上升，从而上升的第一齿条552带动固定齿轮551转动，进而固定齿轮551带动第二齿条552移动，从而第二齿条552牵拉壳体511以及整个抛光带组件51朝向工件表面移动。
紧接着，所述移动机架3的顶部设有供所述壳体511底部来回滑动的滑轨31。
本实施例中，通过滑轨31的布置以及对壳体511在移动时的导向作用，从而抛光带组件51能够精准的定位到精磨削后的工件表面。
如图9和10所示，所述定量喷涂组件53包括：
顶部一侧开设有喷口5311的定位外筒531；
转动插套在所述定位外筒531内且四周均开设有与喷口5311相对应的通槽5321的携料筒532；以及
滑动盖设在所述喷口5311顶部的封盖533，所述封盖533的一侧与所述抛光带组件51弹性连接。
在本实施例中，定量喷涂组件53对工件与抛光带513之间进行抛光剂的喷涂时，当抛光带513接触到工件表面时，封盖533会被弹性顶开，使得喷口5311暴露出来，并且在携料筒532转动使得通槽5321与喷口5311相连通时，在携料筒532内的抛光剂被从通槽5321和喷口5311喷出至抛光带513对工件的抛光位置。
还需要补充的是，所述封盖533的一侧连接有插杆5341，所述插杆5341的另一端插设在所述壳体511上，所述封盖533的另一端设有顶杆5343，所述封盖533与壳体511之间连接有弹簧523。
本实施例中，定量喷涂组件53在跟随抛光带组件51一起朝向工件移动时，顶杆5343会跟随移动，从而抵靠至优选为移动机架3一侧，从而使得封盖533被顶开，喷口5311暴露出来进行喷涂抛光剂，并且在抛光带组件51离开抛光工件时，顶杆5343也逐渐离开移动机架3的一侧，而且弹簧523会弹力作用于封盖533，使得封盖533能够继续对定位外筒531的顶部喷口5311进行遮挡。
如图9所示，所述带面清理组件54包括：
沿抛光方向转动的梳理滚筒541，所述梳理滚筒541的转动切线速度大于所述抛光带组件51的带面速度；以及
设于所述梳理滚筒541沿抛光带组件51带面输送的下游且对所述抛光带组件51带面进行高压冲洗的喷淋组件542。
在本实施例中，带面清理组件54在对抛光带513的带面进行清理的过程中，先通过梳理滚筒541将沿抛光反向方向倾倒的抛光带513带面向抛光方向梳理，并且在清理后，再通过喷淋组件542对清理起来的抛光带513带面进行废屑颗粒的冲洗。
需要补充的是，所述梳理滚筒541包括梳理筒体5411、设于梳理筒体5411表面的拨动梳5412、设于所述壳体511外侧且与所述梳理筒体5411相连接的第一齿轮5413以及与所述第一齿轮5413相啮合且与所述转动辊512相连接的第二齿轮5121。
本实施例中，通过转动辊512的转动传动给第二齿轮5121，从而第二齿轮5121啮合传动给第一齿轮5413，而第一齿轮5413进一步带动梳理筒体5411转动，从而通过拨动梳5412对抛光带513表面进行抛光后的梳理工作。
为了更好的完成梳理工作，所述第一齿轮5413的齿牙数小于所述第二齿轮5121的齿牙数。
本实施例中，通过第二齿轮5121对第一齿轮5413的传动，使得第一齿轮5413以更高转速传动给梳理筒体5411。
还需要补充的是，所述喷淋组件542包括喷头542以及将抛光带513向喷淋组件542一侧牵拉隆起的导辊514。
在本实施例中，通过导辊514将抛光带513牵拉隆起，从而通过喷头542更好的作用在抛光带513倍梳理的表面。
紧接着，所述清灰组件52包括与工件表面相接处的刮板521、设于所述刮板521底部的导向杆522以及连接在所述刮板521与移动机架3之间的储能弹簧523，所述导向杆522的下端活动插设在所述移动机架3上。
本实施例中，在工件转动的过程中，刮板521通过储能弹簧523的弹力作用始终与工件表面接触，从而实现对工件表面抛光或磨削下来的废屑颗粒进行清理。
工作步骤：
步骤一、粗磨削，工件通过夹持组件2进行夹紧并驱动工件转动，通过磨削组件4中切换出来的粗磨组件42进行粗磨削处理，而后机床本体1对移动机架3的驱动移动，使得粗磨组件42继续移动至下一待粗磨削位置，并且使得精磨组件41到达粗磨处理后的工件表面；
步骤二、精磨削，通过控制组件6对粗磨组件42的控制，使得粗磨组件42朝向远离工件一侧的方向移动，而后升降组件413驱动精磨辊411向粗磨过后的工件表面移动，从而对工件表面进行精磨处理；
步骤三、定心推持，粗磨辊411在对工件表面进行精磨削时，定心组件412会始终保证对粗磨辊411扶持打磨的施力方向指向工件转动中心；
步骤四、抛光处理，精磨组件41朝向工件表面移动精磨削过程中，抛光带组件51也会在移动组件55的带动下逐渐朝向工件表面移动，并且在精磨组件41对工件精磨削完成并离开工件表面后，抛光带组件51会与精磨削过后的工件表面接触并对工件表面进行抛光处理；
步骤五、再次粗磨削，抛光过后，精磨组件41携带粗磨组件42返回初始位置，并在返回时，控制组件6将粗磨组件42切换出来，使得粗磨组件42能够与未被粗磨削的工件表面接触，并在返回途中，对工件表面进行粗磨削；
步骤六、工位移动，粗磨削动作完成后，机床本体1会驱动移动机架3继续对未磨削抛光的工件面移动，再经粗打磨、精打磨以及抛光处理，得到镜面产品。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种磨削抛光一体式机床，包括：
    机床本体（1）；以及
    夹持在工件两端且驱动工件转动的夹持组件（2）；
    其特征在于，还包括：
    滑动设于所述机床本体（1）上的移动机架（3）；
    安装在所述移动机架（3）上的磨削组件（4）；
    设于所述磨削组件（4）对立侧的抛光组件（5）；以及
    将磨削组件（5）的精磨削动作对下一次精磨削动作前的粗磨削动作进行切换的控制组件（6）；
    磨削组件（4）始终对准工件中心完成精磨削并脱离工件时，抛光组件（5）跟随脱离动作到达精磨削工作面进行抛光。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种磨削抛光一体式机床，其特征在于，所述磨削组件（4）包括：
    磨削推持方向始终保持指向工件转动中心的精磨组件（41）；以及
    滑动设于所述精磨组件（41）一侧且跟随所述精磨组件（41）上下移动的粗磨组件（42）。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种磨削抛光一体式机床，其特征在于，所述控制组件（6）包括：
    滑动安装所述粗磨组件（42）且与所述精磨组件（41）相连接的滑座（61）；以及
    安装在所述移动机架（3）上且将精磨削时的所述粗磨组件（42）移离工件的导向组件（62）。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的一种磨削抛光一体式机床，其特征在于，所述导向组件（62）包括：
    导向座（621）；
    设于所述导向座（621）上的导向轨道（622），所述导向轨道（622）由左右两侧相互线性平行、上下两侧呈锥形构成的封闭结构；
    一端插设在所述导向轨道（622）上且另一端与所述粗磨组件（42）相连接的牵引件（623）；以及
    设于所述导向轨道（622）上下两内侧壁且将牵引件（623）向锥形另一侧推送的推件（624）。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的一种磨削抛光一体式机床，其特征在于，所述精磨组件（41）包括：
    精磨辊（411）；
    用于安装所述精磨辊（411）的定心组件（412）；
    驱动所述精磨辊（411）上下往复运动的升降组件（413）；以及
    驱动所述精磨辊（411）转动的转动驱动部（414）。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的一种磨削抛光一体式机床，其特征在于，所述定心组件（412）包括：
    与所述升降组件（413）动力端连接的定心座（4121）；
    设于所述定心座（4121）上的弧形导轨（4122），所述精磨辊（411）的转动中心与所述弧形导轨（4122）的中心保持一致；
    用于安装所述精磨辊（411）且一端滑动卡设在所述弧形导轨（4122）内的推持座（4123）；
    沿工件转动中心驱动所述推持座（4123）转动的驱动件（4124）。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的一种磨削抛光一体式机床，其特征在于，所述粗磨组件（42）包括：
    粗磨辊（421）；以及
    将所述转动驱动部（414）动力传动至与工件相接处的粗磨辊（421）的动力连接组件（422）。
  8. 根据权利要求2所述的一种磨削抛光一体式机床，其特征在于，所述抛光组件（5）包括：
    抛光带组件（51）；
    弹性贴设在所述抛光带组件（51）抛光前端的转动工件表面的清灰组件（52）；
    对抛光带组件（51）在工件的抛光位置间歇式喷涂抛光剂的定量喷涂组件（53）；
    梳理方向与抛光方向相同且冲洗梳理后带面的带面清理组件（54）；以及
    跟随所述精磨组件（41）的精磨动作使抛光带组件（51）朝向工件方向来回往复移动的移动组件（55）。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的一种磨削抛光一体式机床，其特征在于，所述定量喷涂组件（53）包括：
    顶部一侧开设有喷口（5311）的定位外筒（531）；
    转动插套在所述定位外筒（531）内且四周均开设有与喷口（5311）相对应的通槽（5321）的携料筒（532）；以及
    滑动盖设在所述喷口（5311）顶部的封盖（533），所述封盖（533）的一侧与所述抛光带组件（51）弹性连接。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的一种磨削抛光一体式机床，其特征在于，所述带面清理组件（54）包括：
    沿抛光方向转动的梳理滚筒（541），所述梳理滚筒（541）的转动切线速度大于所述抛光带组件（51）的带面速度；以及
    设于所述梳理滚筒（541）沿抛光带组件（51）带面输送的下游且对所述抛光带组件（51）带面进行高压冲洗的喷淋组件（542）。
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