WO2022227557A1 - 治具及装配设备 - Google Patents

治具及装配设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022227557A1
WO2022227557A1 PCT/CN2021/134322 CN2021134322W WO2022227557A1 WO 2022227557 A1 WO2022227557 A1 WO 2022227557A1 CN 2021134322 W CN2021134322 W CN 2021134322W WO 2022227557 A1 WO2022227557 A1 WO 2022227557A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
posture
support block
pair
block
mounting seat
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/134322
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
徐文慧
孙一舟
Original Assignee
无锡先导智能装备股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by 无锡先导智能装备股份有限公司 filed Critical 无锡先导智能装备股份有限公司
Publication of WO2022227557A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022227557A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K37/00—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups
    • B23K37/04—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups for holding or positioning work
    • B23K37/0426—Fixtures for other work
    • B23K37/0435—Clamps
    • B23K37/0443—Jigs

Definitions

  • the present application belongs to the technical field of automation equipment, and in particular relates to a fixture and assembly equipment.
  • the first part is carried by the jig and placed on the predetermined position of the surface to be assembled of the second part.
  • the elastic deformation of the first part separates the fixture from the second part. During separation, the connection relationship between the first component and the second component is easily damaged.
  • a pair of tabs needs to be connected by connecting sheets.
  • a protective sheet needs to be placed above them.
  • the jig can transport and position the protective sheet. Specifically, the jig is provided with an escape hole, and the edge of the escape hole is used to carry the protective sheet, and the jig together with the protective sheet is placed at a predetermined position on the tab.
  • the welding head of the welding machine performs welding operations on the tabs through the escape hole of the fixture.
  • the protective sheet is also welded to the tabs.
  • the jig can be removed by elastic deformation of the edge of the protective sheet.
  • the protective sheet is the above-mentioned first component
  • the tab is the above-mentioned second component. In the process of removing the jig, the solder joint between the protective sheet and the tab is easily damaged.
  • the main technical problem to be solved by the present application is to provide a jig and assembling equipment, which are used to carry the first component and assemble it to the second component. After the assembly is completed, when the jig is separated from the second component , which can reduce the probability that the connection relationship between the first component and the second component is destroyed.
  • a technical solution adopted in the present application is to provide a jig, the jig includes: a pressure plate, the pressure plate has a first bottom surface, the first bottom surface is used for contacting the second component, and the pressure plate is provided with a space for hole, the passing hole penetrates the pressing plate in the direction perpendicular to the first bottom surface; at least one pair of support blocks, a pair of support blocks are respectively movably connected to opposite sides of the passing hole, and can be switched between the first posture and the second posture respectively, Each support block has a bearing part, and the bearing part is used to carry the first component; when both the pair of support blocks are in the first posture, the minimum distance between the bearing parts of the two blocks is the second size, and the second size is smaller than the first zero
  • the first dimension of the component so that a pair of brackets can support the first component; when both the pair of brackets are in the second posture, the minimum distance between the bearing parts of the two is the third dimension, and the third dimension is greater than
  • the third dimension is larger than the first dimension.
  • the support block is rotatably connected to the pressing plate around an axis.
  • the first elastic member is connected between the pressing plate and the support block, and is used for applying a first power to the support block, so that the support block is switched from the second posture to the first posture.
  • the support block has an inclined surface, and the inclined surface is used for receiving the second power, so that the support block is switched from the first posture to the second posture.
  • the support block has a second bottom surface, and when the support block is in the second posture, the second bottom surface is used for contacting the second component.
  • the carrying portion and the first bottom surface are both planes, and when the support block is in the first posture, the carrying portion is parallel to the first bottom surface.
  • the present application also provides an assembly equipment, including: the above-mentioned fixture and a handling assembly, the handling assembly includes: a first driver; a driving end; a grasping unit, the grasping unit is arranged on the first mounting seat, and is used for grasping or releasing the fixture; a force applying unit, which is arranged on the first mounting seat and is used for aligning the brackets in the fixture The block applies a second power to cause the block to switch from the first attitude to the second attitude.
  • the transport assembly includes: a second installation seat, the second installation seat and the first installation seat are slidingly matched to be able to approach or move away from each other; a second elastic member, the second elastic member elastically presses against the first installation seat and the first installation seat. between the two mounts.
  • the force applying unit includes: a third driver, the third driver includes a third driving body and a third driving end, and the third driving body is slidably fitted with the first mounting seat so as to be close to or away from the first mounting seat;
  • the third elastic piece elastically abuts between the third driving body and the first mounting seat;
  • the pressing block is fixed on the third driving end and is used for colliding with the supporting block so as to apply the second power to the supporting block.
  • a pair of support blocks are respectively movably connected to the opposite sides of the escape hole of the pressing plate, and can be switched between the first posture and the second posture respectively.
  • the pair of support blocks are both in the first posture to support the first component.
  • switch the pair of brackets to the second posture respectively and increase the distance between the bearing parts of the pair of brackets, so that when the jig and the second component are separated, the interference between the bracket and the first component The amount is reduced, thereby reducing the probability that the connection relationship between the first component and the second component is broken.
  • the minimum distance between the bearing portions of the two is a third size, and the third size is greater than the second size of the workpiece.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery pack formed after two single lithium batteries are welded
  • FIG. 2 is a front view of a fixture in Embodiment 1 of the assembly equipment of the present application;
  • FIG. 3 is a top view of the fixture shown in Figure 2;
  • Figure 4 is a bottom view of the fixture shown in Figure 2;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the middle pressure plate of the fixture shown in FIG. 2;
  • Fig. 6 is A-A direction sectional view in Fig. 3;
  • Fig. 7 is another sectional view of the A-A direction in Fig. 3;
  • Fig. 8 is a sectional view taken along the direction B-B in Fig. 2;
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a pair of support blocks in a second posture in Fig. 6;
  • FIG. 10 is a front view of the handling assembly in Embodiment 1 of the assembling equipment of the present application.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a grabbing unit in the handling assembly shown in FIG. 10;
  • Figure 12 is a left side view of the handling assembly shown in Figure 10;
  • Fig. 13 is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a pressing block in the handling assembly shown in Fig. 10;
  • FIG. 14 is a partial cross-sectional view of the fixture when the support block is in the first posture in the second embodiment of the assembly equipment of the present application;
  • 15 is a partial cross-sectional view of the fixture when the support block is in the second posture in the second embodiment of the assembly equipment of the present application;
  • FIG. 16 is a partial cross-sectional view of the jig when the support block is in the first posture in the third embodiment of the assembly apparatus of the present application.
  • 11 pressure plate, 111 first bottom surface, 112 yield hole, 113 top surface, 114 notch, 114a first side wall, 114b second side wall, 115 first mounting hole;
  • 19 Forcing unit 191 third driving main body, 192 third driving end, 193 pressing block, 193a side plate, 193b connecting part, 194 third guide post, 194a third limiting part;
  • a second mounting seat 201 a second mounting plate, 201a a first opening, 202 a second guide post, 202a a second limiting portion, 203 a second guide sleeve, 204 a positioning post;
  • the present application provides an assembly equipment, which includes a jig and a handling component.
  • the assembly equipment is used in the welding process of two single lithium batteries for transporting and positioning the protective sheet.
  • the protective sheet is an example of the first component
  • the tabs of the single lithium battery are an example of the second component.
  • the application of the assembly equipment of the present application is not limited to this, and can also be applied to other fields.
  • a sheet metal part is fixed to the body of the vehicle body with fasteners such as screws.
  • the sheet metal part is the first part
  • the body body is the second part.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery pack formed by welding two single lithium batteries 5 .
  • the single lithium battery 5 includes a cell 4 and two tabs 2 (a positive tab and a negative tab).
  • the tabs 2 of the two single lithium batteries 5 are in one-to-one correspondence, and the corresponding two tabs 2 are connected through the connecting piece 3 .
  • the polar tab 2 is provided with a protective sheet 1 corresponding to the welding head position of the ultrasonic welding machine, so as to prevent the welding head from damaging the positive electrode tab 2 during welding.
  • the tabs 2 , the connecting sheet 3 and the protection sheet 1 are connected together.
  • the jig includes a pressing plate 11 , a plurality of support blocks 12 (eight in this embodiment), a plurality of rotating shafts 13 (eight in this embodiment), a plurality of The first elastic members 14 (eight in this embodiment) and the clamping block 16 .
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the pressure plate 11 in the fixture shown in FIG. 2 .
  • the pressing plate 11 is provided with a plurality of escaping holes 112 , and each escaping hole 112 penetrates the pressing plate 11 in a direction perpendicular to the first bottom surface 111 .
  • the number of the bypass holes 112 is set according to the actual situation.
  • the number of the escape holes 112 is equal to the number of the protection sheets 1 and corresponds to each other one by one, which can meet the requirement of simultaneously charging two single lithium batteries 5 .
  • the fixture needs to carry four protective sheets 1 at the same time, so four escape holes 112 are provided.
  • the first bottom surface 111 of the pressing plate 11 is attached to the side surface of the tab 2 facing away from the connecting piece 3 (see FIG. 6 ).
  • the positions of the escape holes 112 correspond one-to-one with the positions where the four protective sheets 1 are to be placed. Taking the surface of the tab 2 as the projection surface, the projection of each escape hole 112 includes the projection of the corresponding protection sheet 1 , so that the protection sheet 1 can be avoided through the escape hole 112 during subsequent separation.
  • notches 114 are defined on opposite sides of each escape hole 112 .
  • the notch 114 cuts a part of the edge of the escape hole 112 into a rectangular shape open toward the escape hole 112 side.
  • the notch 114 includes a pair of opposite first side walls 114a and a second side wall 114b connected between the pair of first side walls 114a.
  • FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line A-A in FIG. 3 .
  • each of the notches 114 is provided with a support block 12 .
  • a pair of brackets 12 in each of the escape holes 112 are arranged in mirror images.
  • the support block 12 is in the shape of a cylinder, and its two end surfaces correspond to the pair of first side walls 114 a of the notch 114 respectively.
  • the support block 12 is provided with a second installation hole 127 penetrating along the length direction of the support block 12 , and the second installation hole 127 is cylindrical.
  • the side wall of the support block 12 has an inclined surface 123 , a bearing portion 121 , a second bottom surface 122 , an abutting surface 125 and a limiting surface 124 arranged in sequence along the circumferential direction of the second mounting hole 127 .
  • the inclined surface 123 , the bearing portion 121 , the second bottom surface 122 , the abutting surface 125 and the limiting surface 124 are all plane and parallel to the axis of the second mounting hole 127 .
  • the bearing portion 121 is flat. When the support block 12 supports the workpiece, it is in contact with the workpiece surface. In other embodiments, the bearing portion 121 may also be a point.
  • the included angle C between the bearing portion 121 and the second bottom surface 122 is 4° to 10°, and the portion sandwiched by the two forms a portion protruding from the support block 12 .
  • a groove (not shown) facing the rotating shaft 13 is provided at the intersection of the inclined surface 123 and the bearing portion 121 , the bottom of the groove and the bearing portion 121 are located on the same plane, and the height of the groove is slightly higher For the workpiece, when the support block 12 supports the workpiece, the workpiece is more firmly clamped in the groove and is not easy to fall off.
  • FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line B-B in FIG. 2 .
  • each support block 12 is rotatably connected to the pressing plate 11 through a rotating shaft 13 .
  • the pressing plate 11 defines a first installation hole 115 therethrough.
  • the first installation hole 115 is a cylindrical hole whose axis is parallel to the first bottom surface 111 .
  • the rotating shaft 13 is respectively matched with the first installation hole 115 and the second installation hole 127 , is inserted in the first installation hole 115 and penetrates through the support block 12 through the second installation hole 127 .
  • the support block 12 can be accommodated in the notch 114 first, so that the second mounting hole 127 of the support block 12 is coaxial with the first mounting hole 115 of the pressure plate 11, and the rotating shaft 13 is inserted into the first mounting hole 115 from the outside of the pressure plate 11. into the mounting hole 115 and pass through the support block 12 .
  • the first elastic member 14 is connected between the pressing plate 11 and the support block 12 . Specifically, one end of the first elastic member 14 is connected to the second side wall 114 b , and the other end is accommodated in the first groove 126 on the abutting surface 125 , and is connected to the support block 12 .
  • the first elastic member 14 may be a compression spring. Both ends of the first elastic member 14 are located on the side of the rotating shaft 13 facing the first bottom surface 111 .
  • the posture of the support block 12 shown in FIG. 6 is the first posture.
  • the bearing portion 121 is located on the side of the rotating shaft 13 facing the escape hole 112 and is parallel to the first bottom surface 111 .
  • the second bottom surface 122 is located on the side of the bearing portion 121 facing the first bottom surface 111 .
  • the inclined surface 123 is located on the side of the bearing portion 121 facing the top surface 113 , and forms a chamfer on the side of the support block 12 facing the escape hole 112 . That is, the inclined surface 123 extends toward the first bottom surface 111 while extending toward the escape hole 112 .
  • the minimum distance between the bearing portions 121 of the pair of brackets 12 in the spacing direction is the second dimension L2 , that is, The distance between the adjacent edges of the two bearing portions 121 is the second dimension L2.
  • the dimension of the protection sheet 1 in the spaced direction of the pair of brackets 12 is the first dimension L1.
  • L2 is smaller than L1, so that the pair of support blocks 12 can carry the protection sheet 1 through the carrying portion 121 .
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the pair of support blocks 12 in FIG. 6 in a second posture.
  • the support block 12 can rotate in the second direction D2 under the action of the second power F2 (external force).
  • FIG. 9 shows a schematic diagram when the support block 12 is rotated in the second direction D2 until the second bottom surface 122 is coplanar with the first bottom surface 111 .
  • the second attitude is defined as the holding block 12 in the attitude shown in FIG. 9 .
  • the first elastic member 14 is compressed and applies the first power F1 (elastic force) to the holding block 12 .
  • the support block 12 rotates along the first direction D1 under the driving of the first elastic member 14 to reset.
  • the second direction D2 is opposite to the first direction D1. Therefore, the block 12 can be switched between the first posture and the second posture.
  • the bearing portion 121 forms a first projection on the first bottom surface 111
  • the supporting portion 121 is on the first bottom surface 111 .
  • a second projection is formed that is closer to the second sidewall 114b than the first projection.
  • the minimum distance between the two bearing parts 121 in the spacing direction of the pair of brackets 12 is the third dimension L3, and the third dimension L3 is greater than the second dimension L2.
  • the third size L3 is also larger than the first size L1.
  • the fixture further includes a clamping block 16 .
  • the clamping block 16 is fixed on the pressing plate 11 and protrudes from the top surface 113 .
  • Two sides of one end of the clamping block 16 facing away from the pressing plate 11 extend outward to form flanges 161 .
  • the flange 161 is plate-shaped and spaced apart from the top surface 113 of the pressing plate 11 .
  • the clamping block 16 is disposed at the center of gravity of the body formed by the pressing plate 11 , the supporting block 12 , the rotating shaft 13 and the first elastic member 14 .
  • the clamping block 16 and the pressing plate 11 may be a separate structure or an integral structure.
  • the handling assembly will now be described with reference to FIGS. 10 to 13 .
  • Fig. 10 is a front view of the transport unit.
  • the transport assembly includes a first driver (not shown), a first mounting seat 17 , a second mounting seat 20 , a second elastic member 21 , a grabbing unit 18 , a force applying unit 19 and a sensor 23 .
  • the first driver includes a first driving body and a first driving end, and the first driving end can move relative to the first driving body.
  • the first driver can be a manipulator, which can grab an object to move in three-dimensional space.
  • the first mounting seat 17 includes a first mounting plate 171 , a first guide sleeve 172 and a first guide post 173 .
  • the first mounting plate 171 is generally in the shape of a flat plate, is fixed to the first driving end of the first driver, and moves under the driving of the first driver.
  • the first guide sleeve 172 is fixed on one side of the first mounting plate 171 .
  • the first guide bush 172 may be a linear bearing.
  • the first guide post 173 and the first guide sleeve 172 are disposed on the same side. One end of the first guide post 173 is fixed to the first mounting plate 171 , and the other end forms a first limiting portion 173 a.
  • the second mounting base 20 includes a second mounting plate 201 , a second guide post 202 , a second guide sleeve 203 and a positioning post 204 .
  • the second mounting plate 201 is generally flat-shaped, and is spaced apart from the first mounting plate 171 .
  • One end of the second guide post 202 is fixed to the side of the second mounting plate 201 facing the first mounting plate 171 , and the other end forms a second limiting portion 202a.
  • the second guide post 202 is slidably matched with the first guide sleeve 172 , so that the second mounting plate 201 and the first mounting plate 171 can approach or move away from each other.
  • the second limiting portion 202 a is located on the side of the first mounting plate 171 facing away from the second mounting plate 201 , and is used to limit the maximum distance between the first mounting plate 171 and the second mounting plate 201 .
  • the second guide bush 203 is fixed on the second mounting plate 201 and may be a linear bearing.
  • the positioning post 204 is fixed on the side surface of the second mounting plate 201 facing away from the first mounting plate 171, and extends away from the second mounting plate 201 in the spaced direction between the first mounting plate 171 and the second mounting plate 201.
  • the number of the positioning posts 204 can be set in multiples, and the multiple positioning posts 204 are distributed on the second mounting plate 201 at intervals.
  • the second elastic member 21 is sleeved on the outside of the second guide post 202 , and elastically abuts between the second mounting plate 201 and the first guide sleeve 172 , and is always in a compressed state.
  • the second elastic member 21 can be a spring or a rubber sleeve.
  • the second elastic member 21 can also be directly elastically pressed against the first mounting plate 171 and the second mounting plate 201 . Due to the provision of the second elastic member 21 , the first mounting plate 171 and the second mounting plate 201 can move closer to each other under the action of external force, and return to their original position after the external force is removed.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of the grabbing unit 18 in the transport assembly shown in FIG. 10 .
  • the grasping unit 18 includes a second driver and a pair of jaws 183 .
  • the second driver includes a second driving body 181 and a pair of second driving ends 182 .
  • the second driving body 181 is fixed on the side of the first mounting plate 171 facing the second mounting plate 201 .
  • a pair of second drive ends 182 can be moved toward or apart from each other.
  • the second driver may be a gripper cylinder.
  • the pair of clamping jaws 183 are respectively fixed on the pair of second driving ends 182 and penetrate through the second mounting plate 201 through the first opening 201a.
  • the opposite sides of the ends of the pair of clamping jaws 183 are respectively provided with engaging grooves 183a.
  • the shape of the clamping slot 183 a matches the flange 161 of the clamping block 16 in the fixture, and can be clamped on the flange 161 .
  • the clamping jaws 183 are used to grasp the jig.
  • a vacuum chuck suction jig can also be used.
  • FIG. 12 is a left side view of the carrier assembly shown in FIG. 10 .
  • the force applying unit 19 includes a third driver, a third elastic member 22 , a pressing block 193 and a third guide post 194 .
  • the number of the force-applying units 19 is equal to the number of the escape holes 112 (see FIG. 2 ) of the jig, and corresponds to each other one by one.
  • the third driver includes a third driving body 191 and a third driving end 192 .
  • the third driving body 191 is disposed on the side of the first mounting plate 171 facing the second mounting plate 201 , and is connected with the first guide post 173 between the first mounting plate 171 and the second mounting plate 201 .
  • the second mounting plate 201 is slidably fitted in the spaced direction so as to be close to or away from the first mounting plate 171 .
  • the third driving end 192 penetrates through the second mounting plate 201 through a second opening (not visible in the figure) opened on the second mounting plate 201 , and can be spaced from the first mounting plate 171 and the second mounting plate 201 relative to the third driving body 191 Reciprocating motion.
  • the third driver may be an air cylinder.
  • the third elastic member 22 elastically abuts between the third driving body 191 and the first mounting plate 171 and is always in a compressed state.
  • the third elastic member 22 may be a spring or a rubber pad.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the pressing block 193 .
  • the pressing block 193 includes a pair of side plates 193a arranged at intervals and a connecting portion 193b connected between the pair of side plates 193a.
  • the interval between the pair of side plates 193a is matched with the interval between the upper slopes 123 (see FIG. 6 ) of the pair of support blocks 12 in the same escape hole 112, so that the pair of side plates 193a can be in contact with the pair of slopes 123 at the same time, respectively.
  • a force is applied to the pair of brackets 12 at the same time.
  • the third guide post 194 is fixed to the pressing block 193 and penetrates through the second mounting plate 201 , and the other end forms a third limiting portion 194a.
  • the third guide post 194 is slidably fitted with the second guide sleeve 203 .
  • the sensor 23 is disposed on a surface of the second mounting plate 201 facing away from the first mounting plate 171 .
  • the sensor 23 may be a reflective sensor 23 .
  • the sensor 23 is used to detect whether there is an object in a predetermined area. For example, when transporting a jig, it is detected whether there is a jig in a predetermined area.
  • the protection sheet 1 is placed on the bearing portions 121 of the pair of support blocks 12 in the vacant holes 112 of the fixture.
  • the fixture is provided with four escape holes 112 , and a protection sheet 1 is placed in each escape hole 112 .
  • the handling component grabs the jig at the loading station.
  • the conveying assembly is moved to the loading station under the driving of the first driver, and the positioning column 204 is inserted into the positioning hole (not shown) on the pressing plate 11 .
  • a pair of clamping jaws 183 can be aligned with the clamping blocks 16 on the jig.
  • the first driver drives the first mounting plate 171 to carry the clamping jaws 183 toward the top surface 113 of the pressing plate 11 until the ends of the clamping jaws 183 abut against the top surface 113 .
  • the second driver drives the pair of clamping claws 183 to close, so that the pair of clamping claws 183 is clamped on both sides of the clamping block 16 through the clamping slot 183a.
  • the handling assembly transfers the fixture to the welding station. Specifically, please refer to FIG. 6 , under the driving of the first driver, the transport component transports the jig to the welding station, and places the jig on the tab 2 , so that the first bottom surface 111 of the pressing block 193 is pressed against the pole on ear 2.
  • the second driver drives a pair of clamping jaws 183 to open, so that the carrier assembly releases the fixture, and then driven by the first driver, the carrier assembly leaves the welding station.
  • the welding head of the ultrasonic welding machine extends into the escape hole 112 to connect the connecting piece 3 and the tab 2 as a whole.
  • the protection sheet 1 is also connected with the tab 2 as a whole.
  • the handling component grabs the jig at the assembly station.
  • the carrying component exerts a force on the support block 12 in the fixture, so that the support block 12 is switched from the first posture to the second posture.
  • the pressing block 193 moves toward the jig under the driving of the third driver, and the moving side plates 193 a on the pressing block 193 collide with the inclined surfaces 123 of the pair of supporting blocks 12 respectively.
  • the support block 12 is rotated in the second direction D2 under the action of the force exerted by the pressing block 193 until the second bottom surface 122 is in contact with the tab 2 .
  • the block 12 is in the second posture. Due to the provision of the third elastic member 22 (see FIG. 10 ), the force exerted by the pressing block 193 on the support block 12 is controllable, so that damage to the tab 2 can be avoided.
  • the handling assembly transfers the fixture to the loading station. Specifically, driven by the first driver, the transport component transports the fixture away from the welding station in a direction perpendicular to the tab 2 and transports it to the loading station. Since the brackets 12 in the fixture are in the second posture, the third dimension L3 of the bearing portions 121 of the pair of brackets 12 in the spaced direction of the pair of brackets 12 is larger than the first dimension L3 of the protection sheet 1 in the spaced direction of the pair of brackets 12 . A dimension L1, when the fixture is separated from the tab 2 in a direction perpendicular to the tab 2, it will not interfere with the protection sheet 1.
  • the conveying assembly releases the force exerted on the support block 12 of the jig, so that the support block 12 is switched from the second posture to the first posture.
  • the third drive assembly drives the pressing block 193 to move away from the fixture, so that the pressing block 193 is separated from the supporting block 12 , and the supporting block 12 is driven by the first elastic member 14 to return to the first attitude.
  • the handling assembly releases the fixture and leaves the loading station. Specifically, the second driver drives a pair of jaws 183 to open, so that the carrier assembly releases the jig. Driven by the first drive, the handling assembly leaves the loading station.
  • the minimum distance between the bearing portions 121 of the two is the second dimension L2, which is smaller than the first dimension L1 of the protection sheet 1, so that the pair of support blocks 12 can be Support the protective sheet 1.
  • the minimum distance between the bearing portions 121 of the pair is the third dimension L3, which is greater than the second dimension L2. That is, after the brackets 12 are switched from the first posture to the second posture, the minimum distance between the bearing portions 121 of the pair of brackets 12 increases.
  • the jig and the tab 2 are separated, the amount of interference between the support block 12 and the protective sheet 1 is reduced, which reduces the probability that the solder joint between the protective sheet 1 and the tab 2 is damaged.
  • the third dimension L3 is larger than the first dimension L1 of the protection sheet 1 .
  • the support block 12 can be automatically reset to the first posture.
  • the support block 12 has a second bottom surface 122, and the second bottom surface 122 is used for contacting the tab 2 to limit the position of the support block 12, so that the support block 12 is in the second posture.
  • the fixture does not need to be provided with a separate limiting structure, which simplifies the structure of the fixture.
  • Both the second bottom surface 122 and the bearing portion 121 are flat, and the included angle between them is 4° to 10°.
  • the second bottom surface 122 is flat.
  • the support block 12 is in surface contact with the tab 2 .
  • the contact area is larger, which can avoid damage to the tab 2 .
  • the inclined surface 123 causes the support block 12 to form a chamfer on the side of the escape hole 112 .
  • the protective sheet 1 can be guided to drop on the bearing portion 121 , and on the other hand, the pressing block 193 of the support block 12 can always collide with the inclined surface 123 during the rotation process.
  • the bearing portion 121 When the support block 12 is in the first posture, the bearing portion 121 is parallel to the first bottom surface 111 .
  • the first bottom surface 111 When the fixture is in use, the first bottom surface 111 is generally in a horizontal state, and the bearing portion 121 is parallel to the first bottom surface 111 to more stably support the protection sheet 1 .
  • the fixture includes a clamping block 16 , and the clamping block 16 is fixed on the pressing plate 11 and is arranged corresponding to the center of gravity of the body formed by the pressing plate 11 and the supporting block 12 . It can reduce the shaking amount of the jig during the handling of the component and the jig, and the handling process is more stable.
  • Assembly equipment includes fixtures and handling components. Because it contains all the technical features of the jig, it also includes all the technical effects of the jig. In addition, the assembly equipment also includes a handling component, and also has the beneficial effects brought by the handling component. details as follows:
  • the carrying assembly includes a first driver, a first mounting seat 17 , a grabbing unit 18 and a force applying unit 19 .
  • the first driver includes a first driving body and a first driving end, and the first driving end can move relative to the first driving body.
  • the first mounting seat 17 is disposed on the first driving end of the first driver.
  • the grabbing unit 18 is disposed on the first mounting seat 17 .
  • the force applying unit 19 is disposed on the first mounting seat 17 .
  • the handling assembly can grab or release the jig through the grabbing unit 18, and can exert a force on the bracket 12 in the jig through the force applying unit 19, so that the bracket 12 is switched from the first posture to the second posture, A drive that can move in three-dimensional space.
  • the handling assembly further includes a second mounting seat 20 and a second elastic member 21 .
  • the second mounting seat 20 is slidingly engaged with the first mounting seat 17 so as to be able to approach or move away from each other.
  • the second elastic member 21 elastically presses against the first mounting seat 17 and the second mounting seat 20 .
  • the grasping unit 18 includes a second driver and a pair of jaws 183 .
  • the second driver includes a second driving body 181 and a pair of second driving ends 182, the second driving body 181 is fixed on the first mounting seat 17, and the pair of second driving ends 182 can be close to or open to each other.
  • a pair of clamping jaws 183 are respectively fixed on the pair of second driving ends 182 and penetrate through the second mounting seat 20 .
  • the second mounting seat 20 When grasping the jig, the second mounting seat 20 first collides with the top surface 113 of the jig, the second elastic member 21 is compressed and deformed, and then the pair of clamping jaws 183 clamp the clamping block 16 on the jig. During the process of carrying the jig by the carrying component, the elastic force of the second elastic member 21 makes the second mounting seat 20 collide with the top surface 113 of the jig, which is beneficial to maintain the stability of the jig.
  • the force applying unit 19 includes a third driver, a third elastic member 22 and a pressing block 193 .
  • the third driver includes a third driving main body 191 and a third driving end 192.
  • the third driving main body 191 is slidably engaged with the first mounting seat 17 to be close to or away from the first mounting seat 17, and is disposed on the first mounting seat 17 toward the first mounting seat 17.
  • the third driving end 192 penetrates through the second mounting base 20 and can reciprocate relative to the third driving body 191 .
  • the third elastic member 22 elastically abuts between the third driving body 191 and the first mounting seat 17 .
  • the pressing block 193 is fixed on the second driving end 182 and is located on the side of the second mounting seat 20 facing away from the first mounting seat 17 . Driven by the third driver, the pressing block 193 collides with the supporting block 12 and exerts a force on the supporting block 12 . Due to the buffering of the third elastic member 22 , the force of the pressing block 193 on the support block 12 is controllable, which can avoid damage to the tab 2 .
  • the second embodiment of the assembling device shows another way of movable connection between the support block 12 and the pressing plate 11 .
  • Substantially the same parts corresponding to the above-mentioned first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, the description is omitted, and the different parts are described in detail.
  • FIG. 14 is a partial cross-sectional view of the jig when the support block 12 is in the first posture.
  • FIG. 15 is a partial cross-sectional view of the jig when the support block 12 is in the second posture.
  • the pressing plate 11 is generally in the shape of a flat plate, and has opposite top surfaces 113 and first bottom surfaces 111 .
  • the pressing plate 11 is provided with an escape hole 112 , and two opposite sides of the escape hole 112 are provided with notches 114 .
  • the notch 114 includes a pair of opposite first side walls 114a and a second side wall 114b connected between the pair of first side walls 114a.
  • a pair of support blocks 12 are respectively provided in a pair of notches 114 . In the spacing direction of the pair of support blocks 12 (left and right direction in FIG. 14 ), the support blocks 12 are slidably matched with the pressure plate 11 , and the support blocks 12 can approach or be away from the abdication hole 112 .
  • the first elastic member 14 is sandwiched between the second side wall 114b and the support block 12 and is always in a compressed state.
  • the support block 12 is provided with a bearing portion 121 on the side facing the escape hole 112 .
  • the support block 12 has an inclined surface 123 , and the inclined surface 123 forms a chamfer on the side of the support block 12 facing the escape hole 112 .
  • the minimum distance between the two bearing portions 121 in the spacing direction of the pair of brackets 12 (the left-right direction in FIG. 14 ) is the second dimension L2 .
  • the dimension of the protection sheet 1 in the spaced direction of the pair of brackets 12 is the first dimension L1.
  • the second dimension L2 is smaller than the first dimension L1 , so that the pair of support blocks 12 can carry the protection sheet 1 through the carrying portion 121 .
  • the minimum distance between the two bearing portions 121 in the spacing direction of the pair of support blocks 12 is the third dimension L3, which is greater than the second dimension L2.
  • the third size L3 is also larger than the first size L1.
  • the support block 12 can be switched between the first posture and the second posture. After the welding is completed, the jig can be separated from the tab 2 without damaging the welding point between the protective sheet 1 and the tab 2 .
  • the third embodiment of the assembling device will be described below with reference to FIG. 16 .
  • the third embodiment is basically the same as the embodiment, the difference is that the third embodiment provides another installation method of the first elastic member 14 .
  • Substantially the same parts corresponding to the above-mentioned first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, the description is omitted, and the different parts are described in detail.
  • FIG 16 is a partial cross-sectional view of the jig when the support block 12 is in the first posture in the third embodiment of the assembly apparatus of the present application.
  • the first elastic member 14 is connected between the pressing plate 11 and the support block 12 . Specifically, one end of the first elastic member 14 is connected to the pressing plate 11 , and the other end is connected to the support block 12 . Both ends of the first elastic member 14 are located on the side of the rotating shaft 13 facing away from the first bottom surface 111 .
  • the first elastic member 14 may be an extension spring.
  • the posture of the support block 12 shown in FIG. 16 is the first posture. After the support block 12 is rotated in the second direction D2 under the action of the second power, the first elastic member 14 is stretched and the first power is applied to the support block 12 . After the second power is removed, the support block 12 is driven by the first elastic member 14 to rotate in the first direction D1 to reset. Therefore, the block 12 can be switched between the first posture and the second posture.

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  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Automatic Assembly (AREA)

Abstract

一种治具，其包括压板（11）与托块（12），压板开设有让位孔（112）；托块具有承载部（121），用于承载第一零部件，托块活动连接于压板的让位孔的相对两边，且分别可在第一姿态和第二姿态间切换。以及包含该治具的装配设备。第一零部件装配至第二零部件后，将一对托块由第一姿态切换至第二姿态，以增大一对托块的承载部的间距，在分离治具和第二零部件时，可以降低第一零部件与第二零部件之间的连接关系被破坏的概率，避免该连接关系被破坏。

Description

治具及装配设备
相关申请
本申请要求2021年04月30日申请的，申请号为202110481877.7，名称为“治具及装配设备”的中国专利申请的优先权，在此将其全文引入作为参考。
技术领域
本申请属于自动化设备技术领域，特别是涉及一种治具及装配设备。
背景技术
自动化生产线上，将第一零部件装配至第二零部件的过程中，通过治具承载第一零部件，将其放置于第二零部件的待装配表面的预定位置，待装配完成后，靠第一零部件的弹性变形将治具与第二零部件分离。在分离时，容易破坏第一零部件与第二零部件间的连接关系。
例如，锂电池生产中，需要通过连接片连接一对极耳，焊接操作时，为保护极耳，需在其上方设置保护片。治具可以转运保护片并对其定位。具体地，治具上设置有让位孔，通过让位孔的边缘以承载保护片，将治具连同保护片放置于极耳上的预定位置处。焊接机的焊头通过治具的让位孔对极耳进行焊接操作。焊接完成后，保护片也焊接至极耳上。通过保护片边缘的弹性变形可以将治具移走。保护片即为上述的第一零部件，极耳即为上述的第二零部件。在移走治具的过程中，保护片与极耳之间的焊点容易被破坏。
申请内容
本申请主要解决的技术问题是提供一种治具及装配设备，用于承载第一零部件以将其装配至第二零部件上，在装配完成后，将治具与第二零部件分离时，能够降低第一零部件与第二零部件间的连接关系被破坏的概率。
为解决上述技术问题，本申请采用的一个技术方案是：提供一种治具，该治具包括：压板，压板具有第一底面，第一底面用于接触第二零部件，压板开设有让位孔，让位孔在垂直于第一底面方向贯穿压板；至少一对托块，一对托 块分别活动连接于让位孔的相对两边，并分别可在第一姿态和第二姿态间切换，每个托块具有承载部，承载部用于承载第一零部件；当一对托块均处于第一姿态时，二者的承载部的最小距离为第二尺寸，第二尺寸小于第一零部件的第一尺寸，以使得一对托块能够承托第一零部件；当一对托块均处于第二姿态时，二者的承载部的最小距离为第三尺寸，第三尺寸大于第二尺寸。
进一步地，第三尺寸大于第一尺寸。
进一步地，托块绕一轴线转动连接于压板。
进一步地，包括：第一弹性件，第一弹性件连接于压板和托块之间，用于向托块施加第一动力，以使得托块由第二姿态切换至第一姿态。
进一步地，托块具有斜面，斜面用于承受第二动力，以使得托块由第一姿态切换至第二姿态。
进一步地，托块具有第二底面，托块处于第二姿态时，第二底面用于接触第二零部件。
进一步地，承载部和第一底面均为平面，托块处于第一姿态时，承载部平行于第一底面。
为解决上述技术问题，本申请还提供一种装配设备，包括：上述的治具以及搬运组件，搬运组件包括：第一驱动器；第一安装座，第一安装座设置于第一驱动器的第一驱动端；抓取单元，抓取单元设置于第一安装座上，用于抓取或释放治具；施力单元，施力单元设置于第一安装座上，用于对治具中的托块施加第二动力，以使得托块由第一姿态切换至第二姿态。
进一步地，搬运组件包括：第二安装座，第二安装座与第一安装座滑动配合，以能够相互靠近或远离；第二弹性件，第二弹性件弹性抵顶于第一安装座和第二安装座之间。
进一步地，施力单元包括：第三驱动器，第三驱动器包括第三驱动主体和第三驱动端，第三驱动主体与第一安装座滑动配合，以靠近或远离第一安装座；
第三弹性件，第三弹性件弹性抵顶于第三驱动主体和第一安装座之间；
压块，压块固设于第三驱动端，用于与托块相抵触，以对托块施加第二动力。
本申请的有益效果是：
区别于现有技术的情况，本申请中，一对托块分别活动连接于压板的让位孔的相对两边，并分别可在第一姿态和第二姿态间切换。在装配第一零部件过程中，一对托块均处于第一姿态，以承托第一零部件。装配完成后，分别将一对托块切换至第二姿态，增大一对托块的承载部的间距，以使得在分离治具和第二零部件时，托块与第一零部件的干涉量减小，从而降低了第一零部件与第二零部件之间的连接关系被破坏的概率。
进一步地，当一对托块均处于第二姿态时，二者的承载部的最小距离为第三尺寸，第三尺寸大于工件的第二尺寸。在分离治具和第二零部件时，托块与第一零部件之间无干涉，避免了第一零部件与第二零部件之间的连接关系被破坏。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据公开的附图获得其他的附图。
图1是两个单体锂电池焊接后形成的电池组的结构示意图；
图2是本申请装配设备实施方式一中治具的主视图；
图3是图2所示治具的俯视图；
图4是图2所示治具的仰视图；
图5是图2所示治具中压板的结构示意图；
图6是图3中的A-A方向剖视图；
图7是图3中的A-A方向的另一剖视图；
图8是图2中的B-B方向剖视图；
图9是图6中一对托块处于第二姿态的示意图；
图10是本申请装配设备实施方式一中搬运组件的主视图；
图11是图10所示搬运组件中抓取单元的结构示意图；
图12是图10所示搬运组件的左视图；
图13是图10所示搬运组件中压块的三维结构示意图；
图14是本申请装配设备实施方式二中托块处于第一姿态时治具的局部剖视图；
图15是本申请装配设备实施方式二中托块处于第二姿态时治具的局部剖视图；
图16是是本申请装配设备实施方式三中托块处于第一姿态时治具的局部剖视图。
附图标记说明：
5锂电池、2极耳、4电芯、1保护片、3连接片；
11压板、111第一底面、112让位孔、113顶面、114缺口、114a第一侧壁、114b第二侧壁、115第一安装孔；
12托块、121承载部、122第二底面、123斜面、124限位面、125抵接面、126第一凹槽、127第二安装孔；
13转轴；
14第一弹性件；
16夹块、161翼缘；
17第一安装座、171第一安装板、172第一导套、173第一导柱、173a第一限位部；
18抓取单元、181第二驱动主体、182第二驱动端、183夹爪、183a卡槽；
19施力单元、191第三驱动主体、192第三驱动端、193压块、193a侧板、193b连接部、194第三导柱、194a第三限位部；
20第二安装座、201第二安装板、201a第一开口、202第二导柱、202a第二限位部、203第二导套、204定位柱；
21第二弹性件；
22第三弹性件；
23传感器。
注：图12中仅显示了施力单元、第一安装板、第二安装板以及第二导套。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅是本申请的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
(实施方式一)
本申请提供一种装配设备，装配设备包括治具及搬运组件。
本实施方式中，装配设备应用在两个单体锂电池焊接工序中，用于转运保护片以及对其定位。保护片为第一零部件的示例，单体锂电池的极耳为第二零部件的示例。本申请的装配设备的应用并不限于此，还可以应用于其它领域。例如，在自动化装配中，将一钣金件通过螺钉等紧固件固定至车身主体上。该示例中，钣金件即为第一零部件，车身主体即为第二零部件。
在锂电池生产过程中，需要将两个单体锂电池通过连接片进行连接以形成电池组。
图1是两个单体锂电池5焊接后形成的电池组的结构示意图。如图1所示，单体锂电池5包括电芯4以及两个极耳2(正极耳以及负极耳)。两个单体锂电池5的极耳2一一对应，相对应的两个极耳2通过连接片3连接。极耳2对应超声波焊接机的焊接头位置设置有保护片1，以避免焊接时焊接头损伤正极耳2。极耳2、连接片3以及保护片1连接在一起。
下面参照图2至图9介绍本申请装配设备中的治具。
图2至图4分别是治具的主视图、俯视图以及仰视图。如图2至图4所示，治具包括压板11以及安装于压板11上的多个托块12(本实施方式中八个)、多个转轴13(本实施方式中八个)、多个第一弹性件14(本实施方式中八个)和夹块16。
如图2所示，压板11大体上为平板状，具有相对的顶面113和第一底面111。本实施例中，第一底面111为平面。图5是图2所示治具中压板11的结构示意图。如图5所示，压板11上开设有多个让位孔112，每个让位孔112在垂直于第一底面111方向贯穿压板11。让位孔112的数量根据实际情况设置。例如，本实施方式中，让位孔112的数量与保护片1的数量相等且一一对应， 可满足同时对两个单体锂电池5进行上料的需求。治具需要同时承载四个保护片1，所以设置了四个让位孔112。使用时，压板11的第一底面111贴设于极耳2的背向连接片3的一侧表面(见图6)。让位孔112的位置与四个保护片1待放置的位置一一对应。以极耳2的表面为投影面，每个让位孔112的投影包含了与其相对应的保护片1的投影，以便于后续分离时能通过让位孔112避让保护片1。
如图5所示，每个让位孔112的相对两边均开设有缺口114。缺口114将让位孔112的边缘的一部分切除成朝让位孔112侧开放的矩形形状。缺口114包括相对的一对第一侧壁114a以及连接于一对第一侧壁114a之间的第二侧壁114b。
图6是图3中的A-A方向剖视图。如图3和图6所示，每一个缺口114内设置有一托块12。每一让位孔112内的一对托块12镜像设置。托块12为柱体形状，其两端面分别与缺口114的一对第一侧壁114a相对应。托块12开设有沿托块12的长度方向贯穿的第二安装孔127，第二安装孔127为圆柱状。托块12的侧壁具有沿第二安装孔127周向依次布置的斜面123、承载部121、第二底面122、抵接面125以及限位面124。其中，斜面123、承载部121、第二底面122、抵接面125以及限位面124均为平面且平行于第二安装孔127的轴线。本实施例中，承载部121为平面。托块12承托工件时，与工件面接触。在别的实施例中，承载部121也可以是点。托块12承托工件时，与工件点接触。承载部121和第二底面122的夹角C为4°至10°，二者所夹部分形成凸出于托块12的部分。在其它实施例中，如图7所示，斜面123与承载部121相交处设置有朝向转轴13的凹槽(图未示)，凹槽底部与承载部121位于同一平面，凹槽高度略高于工件，托块12承托工件时，工件卡在凹槽中更加牢固，不易脱落。
图8是图2中的B-B方向剖视图。如图8所示，每个托块12通过转轴13与压板11转动连接。压板11开设有贯穿的第一安装孔115，第一安装孔115为圆柱孔，其轴线平行于第一底面111。转轴13分别与第一安装孔115和第二安装孔127相匹配，穿设于第一安装孔115中并通过第二安装孔127贯穿托块12。在组装时，可以先将托块12容置于缺口114中，使得托块12的第二 安装孔127与压板11的第一安装孔115同轴，从压板11的外侧将转轴13插入第一安装孔115中，并使其贯穿托块12。
如图6所示，托块12绕转轴13转动时，斜面123、承载部121、第二底面122、抵接面125以及限位面124均绕转轴13转动。
第一弹性件14连接与压板11和托块12之间。具体地，第一弹性件14一端连接于第二侧壁114b，另一端容置于抵接面125上的第一凹槽126中，连接于托块12。第一弹性件14可以为压缩弹簧。第一弹性件14的两端均位于转轴13朝向第一底面111一侧。
图6所示托块12的姿态为第一姿态。当托块12处于第一姿态时，承载部121位于转轴13的朝向让位孔112一侧，且平行于第一底面111。第二底面122位于承载部121的朝向第一底面111一侧。斜面123位于承载部121的朝向顶面113一侧，并使得托块12朝让位孔112一侧形成倒角。即，斜面123朝让位孔112延伸的同时朝第一底面111延伸。
如图6所示，一对托块12处于第一姿态时，二者的承载部121在一对托块12的间隔方向(图6的左右方向)的最小距离为第二尺寸L2，也即两个承载部121相接近的边缘的距离为第二尺寸L2。保护片1在一对托块12的间隔方向的尺寸为第一尺寸L1。其中，L2小于L1，以使得一对托块12可以通过承载部121承载保护片1。
图9是图6中一对托块12处于第二姿态的示意图。如图9所示，托块12受到第二动力F2(外力)的作用下能够沿第二方向D2转动。图9示出了托块12在第二方向D2转动至第二底面122与第一底面111共面时的示意图。将托块12处于如图9所示姿态定义为第二姿态。当托块12处于第二姿态时，第一弹性件14被压缩，并对托块12施加第一动力F1(弹力)。当撤去第二动力F2(外力)后，托块12在第一弹性件14的驱动下沿第一方向D1转动以复位。第二方向D2与第一方向D1相反。因此，托块12可在第一姿态和第二姿态间切换。
以第一底面111为投影面，托块12处于第一姿态时，承载部121在第一底面111上形成第一投影，托块12处于第二姿态时，承载部121在第一底面111上形成第二投影，第二投影比第一投影更靠近第二侧壁114b。
一对托块12处于第二姿态时，二者的承载部121在一对托块12的间隔方向(图9的左右方向)的最小距离为第三尺寸L3，第三尺寸L3大于第二尺寸L2。本实施方式中，第三尺寸L3还大于第一尺寸L1。
如图3和图8所示，治具还包括夹块16。夹块16固定于压板11上，并凸出于顶面113。夹块16的背离压板11的一端的两侧(图8的左右两侧)向外延伸形成翼缘161。翼缘161为板状并与压板11的顶面113间隔。夹块16设置于压板11、托块12、转轴13以及第一弹性件14形成的共同体的重心处。夹块16与压板11可以是分体结构，也可以是一体结构。
下面参照图10至图13介绍搬运组件。
图10是搬运组件的主视图。如图10所示，搬运组件包括第一驱动器(图未示)、第一安装座17、第二安装座20、第二弹性件21、抓取单元18、施力单元19以及传感器23。
第一驱动器包括第一驱动主体和第一驱动端，第一驱动端能够相对第一驱动主体运动。例如，第一驱动器可以是机械手，可以抓取物体在三维空间运动。
如图9所示，第一安装座17包括第一安装板171、第一导套172以及第一导柱173。第一安装板171大体上呈平板状，固定于第一驱动器的第一驱动端，在第一驱动器的驱动下运动。第一导套172固设于第一安装板171一侧。第一导套172可以为直线轴承。第一导柱173与第一导套172设置于同一侧，第一导柱173的一端固定于第一安装板171，另一端形成第一限位部173a。
第二安装座20包括第二安装板201、第二导柱202、第二导套203以及定位柱204。
第二安装板201大体上呈平板状，与第一安装板171间隔设置。第二导柱202一端固定于第二安装板201朝向第一安装板171一侧，另一端形成第二限位部202a。第二导柱202与第一导套172滑动配合，以使得第二安装板201与第一安装板171能够相互接近或远离。第二限位部202a位于第一安装板171背向第二安装板201一侧，用于限定第一安装板171和第二安装板201的最大距离。
第二导套203固设于第二安装板201上，可以为直线轴承。
定位柱204固设于第二安装板201背向第一安装板171侧表面，在第一安 装板171和第二安装板201间隔方向背离第二安装板201延伸。定位柱204的数量可以设置多个，多个定位柱204间隔分布于第二安装板201上。
第二弹性件21套设于第二导柱202外，弹性抵顶于第二安装板201与第一导套172之间，始终处于被压缩状态。第二弹性件21可以为弹簧或橡胶套。在别的实施方式中，第二弹性件21也可以直接弹性抵顶于第一安装板171和第二安装板201之间。由于设置了第二弹性件21，第一安装板171和第二安装板201在外力作用下能够相靠拢，并在撤去外力后复位。
图11是图10所示搬运组件中抓取单元18的结构示意图。如图10和图11所示，抓取单元18包括第二驱动器以及一对夹爪183。第二驱动器包括第二驱动主体181和一对第二驱动端182。第二驱动主体181固设于第一安装板171朝向第二安装板201一侧。一对第二驱动端182能够相互靠拢或张开。第二驱动器可以为夹爪气缸。一对夹爪183分别固设于一对第二驱动端182，并通过第一开口201a贯穿第二安装板201。一对夹爪183的末端的相对侧分别开设有卡槽183a。卡槽183a的形状与治具中的夹块16的翼缘161相匹配，能够卡设于翼缘161上。本实施方式中采用夹爪183抓取治具。在别的实施方式中也可以使用真空吸盘吸附治具。
图12是图10所示搬运组件的左视图。如图10和图12所示，施力单元19包括第三驱动器、第三弹性件22、压块193以及第三导柱194。施力单元19的数量与治具的让位孔112(见图2)的数量相等，且一一对应。
第三驱动器包括第三驱动主体191和第三驱动端192，第三驱动主体191设置于第一安装板171朝向第二安装板201一侧，与第一导柱173在第一安装板171和第二安装板201间隔方向滑动配合，以靠近或远离第一安装板171。第三驱动端192通过第二安装板201上开设的第二开口(图不可见)贯穿第二安装板201，可相对第三驱动主体191在第一安装板171和第二安装板201间隔方向往复运动。第三驱动器可以为气缸。
第三弹性件22弹性抵顶于第三驱动主体191和第一安装板171之间，始终处于被压缩状态。第三弹性件22可以为弹簧或橡胶垫。
压块193固设于第三驱动端192，并位于第二安装板201背向第一安装板171一侧。图13是压块193的三维结构示意图。如图13所示，压块193包括 一对间隔设置的侧板193a以及连接于一对侧板193a之间的连接部193b。一对侧板193a的间隔与同一个让位孔112中一对托块12上斜面123(见图6)的间距相匹配，使得一对侧板193a能够同时分别与一对斜面123相接触，从而同时对一对托块12施加作用力。
第三导柱194一端固定于压块193，贯穿第二安装板201，另一端形成第三限位部194a。第三导柱194与第二导套203滑动配合。
传感器23设置于第二安装板201背向第一安装板171一侧表面。传感器23可以为反射式传感器23。传感器23用于检测预定区域是否有物体。例如，在搬运治具时，检测预定区域是否存在治具。
下面说明本申请装配设备的工作过程。
向位于上料工位的治具上料。具体地，请参考图6，在上料工位，将保护片1放置于治具的让位孔112中的一对托块12的承载部121上。本实施方式中治具上设置有四个让位孔112，在每一个让位孔112中均放置一个保护片1。
搬运组件于上料工位抓取治具。具体地，请参考图3和图10，在第一驱动器驱动下搬运组件移动至上料工位，并将定位柱204插入压板11上的定位孔(图未示)中。通过定位柱204导向，可以使得一对夹爪183与治具上的夹块16对齐。第一驱动器驱动第一安装板171携带夹爪183朝压板11的顶面113移动直至夹爪183的末端与顶面113相抵触。第二驱动器驱动一对夹爪183收拢，以使得一对夹爪183通过卡槽183a卡设于夹块16的两侧。
搬运组件将治具转运至焊接工位。具体地，请参考图6，在第一驱动器驱动下，搬运组件将治具搬运至焊接工位，并将治具放置于极耳2上，使得压块193的第一底面111压设于极耳2上。第二驱动器驱动一对夹爪183张开，使得搬运组件释放治具，然后在第一驱动器驱动下，搬运组件离开焊接工位。
焊接操作。具体地，请参阅图6，超声波焊接机的焊接头伸入让位孔112，将连接片3与极耳2连为一体。其中，保护片1也与极耳2连为一体。
搬运组件于装配工位抓取治具。
搬运组件对治具中的托块12施加作用力，以使得托块12由第一姿态切换至第二姿态。具体地，请参阅图9，压块193在第三驱动器的驱动下朝向治具移动，压块193上的移动侧板193a分别与一对托块12的斜面123相抵触。托 块12在压块193所施加的作用力的作用下沿第二方向D2转动，直至第二底面122与极耳2相抵触。此时，托块12处于第二姿态。由于设置了第三弹性件22(见图10)，压块193对托块12施加的作用力可控，可以避免损伤极耳2。
搬运组件将治具转运至上料工位。具体地，在第一驱动器驱动下，搬运组件将治具在垂直于极耳2方向搬离焊接工位，并转运至上料工位。由于治具中托块12处于第二姿态，一对托块12的承载部121在一对托块12的间隔方向的第三尺寸L3大于保护片1在一对托块12的间隔方向的第一尺寸L1，治具在垂直于极耳2方向与极耳2分离时，不会与保护片1干涉。
搬运组件解除对治具的托块12施加的作用力，以使得托块12由第二姿态切换至第一姿态。具体地，请参阅图9和图10，第三驱动组件驱动压块193背离治具移动，使得压块193与托块12分离，托块12在第一弹性件14的驱动下复位至第一姿态。
搬运组件释放治具并离开上料工位。具体地，第二驱动器驱动一对夹爪183张开，使得搬运组件释放治具。在第一驱动器驱动下，搬运组件离开上料工位。
下面说明本申请治具的有益效果。
当一对托块12均处于第一姿态时，二者的承载部121的最小距离为第二尺寸L2，第二尺寸L2小于保护片1的第一尺寸L1，以使得一对托块12能够承托保护片1。当一对托块12均处于第二姿态时，二者的承载部121的最小距离为第三尺寸L3，第三尺寸L3大于第二尺寸L2。也即，托块12由第一姿态切换至第二姿态后，一对托块12的承载部121的最小距离增大。在分离治具和极耳2时，托块12与保护片1的干涉量减小，降低了保护片1与极耳2之间的焊点被破坏的概率。
进一步地，第三尺寸L3大于保护片1的第一尺寸L1。在分离治具和极耳2时，托块12与保护片1之间无干涉，避免了保护片1与极耳2之间的焊点被破坏。
通过设置第一弹性件14，使得托块12能够自动复位至第一姿态。
托块12具有第二底面122，第二底面122用于与极耳2接触以对托块12 限位，使得托块12处于第二姿态。由此，治具不需单独设置限位结构，简化了治具的结构。
第二底面122与承载部121均为平面，且二者的夹角为4°至10°。第二底面122为平面，在托块12处于第二姿态时，托块12与极耳2面接触，相比于点接触或线接触，接触面积更大，可以避免损伤极耳2。
托块12处于第一姿态时，斜面123使得托块12朝让位孔112一侧形成倒角。一方面可以引导保护片1落放至承载部121上，另一方面托块12在转动过程中压块193始终能与斜面123相抵触。
托块12处于第一姿态时，承载部121平行于第一底面111。治具在使用状态下，第一底面111通常处于水平状态，承载部121平行于第一底面111可以更稳定地承载保护片1。
治具包括夹块16，夹块16固定于压板11上，并对应压板11以及托块12形成的共同体的重心设置。可以使得搬运组件搬运治具过程中减小治具的晃动量，搬运过程更平稳。
下面说明本申请装配设备的有益效果。
装配设备包括治具以及搬运组件。因其包含治具的全部技术特征，因此也包括治具的全部技术效果。另外，装配设备还包括搬运组件，还具有搬运组件带来的有益效果。具体如下：
搬运组件包括第一驱动器、第一安装座17、抓取单元18以及施力单元19。第一驱动器包括第一驱动主体和第一驱动端，第一驱动端能够相对第一驱动主体运动。第一安装座17设置于第一驱动器的第一驱动端。抓取单元18设置于第一安装座17上。施力单元19设置于第一安装座17上。
搬运组件通过抓取单元18可以抓取或释放治具，通过施力单元19可以对治具中的托块12施加作用力，以使得托块12由第一姿态切换至第二姿态，通过第一驱动器，可以在三维空间运动。
搬运组件还包括第二安装座20以及第二弹性件21。第二安装座20与第一安装座17滑动配合，以能够相互靠近或远离。第二弹性件21弹性抵顶于第一安装座17和第二安装座20之间。抓取单元18包括第二驱动器以及一对夹爪183。第二驱动器包括第二驱动主体181和一对第二驱动端182，第二驱动 主体181固设于第一安装座17，一对第二驱动端182能够相互靠拢或张开。一对夹爪183分别固设于一对第二驱动端182，并贯穿第二安装座20。在抓取治具时，第二安装座20先与治具的顶面113相抵触，第二弹性件21压缩变形，然后一对夹爪183夹紧治具上的夹块16。在搬运组件搬运治具的过程中，第二弹性件21的弹力使得第二安装座20与治具的顶面113相抵触，有利于保持治具的稳定。
施力单元19包括第三驱动器、第三弹性件22以及压块193。第三驱动器包括第三驱动主体191和第三驱动端192，第三驱动主体191与第一安装座17滑动配合，以靠近或远离第一安装座17，并设置于第一安装座17朝向第二安装座20一侧，第三驱动端192贯穿第二安装座20，可相对第三驱动主体191往复运动。第三弹性件22弹性抵顶于第三驱动主体191和第一安装座17之间。压块193固设于第二驱动端182，并位于第二安装座20背向第一安装座17一侧。在第三驱动器的驱动下，压块193与托块12相抵触，并对托块12施加作用力。由于第三弹性件22的缓冲，压块193对托块12的作用力可控，能够避免损伤极耳2。
(实施方式二)
下面参照图14和图15介绍装配设备的实施方式二。
装配设备实施方式二展示了托块12与压板11的另一种活动连接方式。对应于上述实施方式一实质上同样的部分标注同一的附图标记，省略说明，对于不同的部分详细说明。
图14是托块12处于第一姿态时治具的局部剖视图。图15是托块12处于第二姿态时治具的局部剖视图。
如图14和图15所示，压板11大体上呈平板状，具有相对的顶面113和第一底面111。压板11上开设有让位孔112，让位孔112的相对两边开设有缺口114。缺口114包括相对的一对第一侧壁114a以及连接于一对第一侧壁114a之间的第二侧壁114b。一对缺口114中分别设置有一对托块12，在一对托块12的间隔方向(图14的左右方向)，托块12与压板11滑动配合，托块12能够接近或远离让位孔112。第一弹性件14夹设于第二侧壁114b与托块12之间，始终处于被压缩状态。托块12在朝向让位孔112一侧设置有承载部121。 托块12具有斜面123，斜面123在托块12朝向让位孔112一侧形成倒角。
当对斜面123施加垂直于第一底面111并朝向第一底面111的作用力时，该作用力的一部分分力克服第一弹性件14的弹力而驱动托块12远离让位孔112。在撤出该作用力后，在第一弹性件14的驱动下托块12复位而接近让位孔112。
一对托块12处于第一姿态时，二者的承载部121在一对托块12的间隔方向(图14的左右方向)的最小距离为第二尺寸L2。保护片1在一对托块12的间隔方向的尺寸为第一尺寸L1。其中，第二尺寸L2小于第一尺寸L1，以使得一对托块12可以通过承载部121承载保护片1。
一对托块12处于第二姿态时，二者的承载部121在一对托块12的间隔方向的最小距离为第三尺寸L3，第三尺寸L3大于第二尺寸L2。本实施方式中，第三尺寸L3还大于第一尺寸L1。
本实施方式中，托块12能够在第一姿态和第二姿态间切换，在焊接完成后，治具能够与极耳2分离而不损伤保护片1与极耳2之间的焊接点。
(实施方式三)
下面参照图16介绍装配设备的实施方式三。
实施方式三与实施方式一大体上相同，不同之处在于实施方式三提供了第一弹性件14的另一种安装方式。对应于上述实施方式一实质上同样的部分标注同一的附图标记，省略说明，对于不同的部分详细说明。
图16是本申请装配设备实施方式三中托块12处于第一姿态时治具的局部剖视图。
如图16所示，第一弹性件14连接与压板11和托块12之间。具体地，第一弹性件14一端连接于压板11，另一端连接于托块12。第一弹性件14的两端均位于转轴13背向第一底面111一侧。第一弹性件14可以为拉伸弹簧。
图16所示托块12的姿态为第一姿态。托块12受到第二动力的作用下沿第二方向D2转动后，第一弹性件14被拉伸，并对托块12施加第一动力。当撤去第二动力后，托块12在第一弹性件14的驱动下沿第一方向D1转动以复位。因此，托块12可在第一姿态和第二姿态间切换。
以上仅为本申请的实施方式，并非因此限制本申请的专利范围，凡是利用 本申请说明书及附图内容所作的等效结构或等效流程变换，或直接或间接运用在其他相关的技术领域，均同理包括在本申请的专利保护范围内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种治具，其中，包括：
    压板(11)，所述压板(11)具有第一底面(111)，所述第一底面(111)用于接触第二零部件(2)，所述压板(11)开设有让位孔(112)，所述让位孔(112)在垂直于所述第一底面(111)方向贯穿所述压板(11)；
    至少一对托块(12)，一对所述托块(12)分别活动连接于所述让位孔(112)的相对两边，并分别可在第一姿态和第二姿态间切换，每个所述托块(12)具有承载部(121)，所述承载部(121)用于承载第一零部件(1)；
    当所述一对所述托块(12)均处于所述第一姿态时，二者的所述承载部(121)的最小距离为第二尺寸(L2)，所述第二尺寸(L2)小于所述第一零部件(1)的第一尺寸(L1)，以使得所述一对所述托块(12)能够承托所述第一零部件(1)；当所述一对所述托块(12)均处于所述第二姿态时，二者的所述承载部(121)的最小距离为第三尺寸(L3)，所述第三尺寸(L3)大于所述第二尺寸(L2)。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的治具，其中，
    所述第三尺寸(L3)大于所述第一尺寸(L1)。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的治具，其中，
    所述托块(12)绕一轴线转动连接于所述压板(11)。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的治具，其中，包括：
    第一弹性件(14)，所述第一弹性件(14)连接于所述压板(11)和所述托块(12)之间，用于向所述托块(12)施加第一动力(F1)，以使得所述托块(12)由所述第二姿态切换至所述第一姿态。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的治具，其中，
    所述托块(12)具有斜面(123)，所述斜面(123)用于承受第二动力(F2)，以使得所述托块(12)由所述第一姿态切换至所述第二姿态。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的治具，其中，
    所述托块(12)具有第二底面(122)，所述托块(12)处于所述第二姿态时，所述第二底面(122)用于接触所述第二零部件(2)。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的治具，其中，
    所述承载部(121)与所述第一底面(111)均为平面，所述托块(12)处于所述第一姿态时，所述承载部(121)平行于所述第一底面(111)。
  8. 一种装配设备，其中，包括：权利要求1至7任一所述的治具以及搬运组件，所述搬运组件包括：
    第一驱动器；
    第一安装座(17)，所述第一安装座(17)设置于所述第一驱动器的第一驱动端；
    抓取单元(18)，所述抓取单元(18)设置于所述第一安装座(17)上，用于抓取或释放所述治具；
    施力单元(19)，所述施力单元(19)设置于所述第一安装座(17)上，用于对所述治具中的所述托块(12)施加第二动力，以使得所述托块(12)由所述第一姿态切换至所述第二姿态。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的装配设备，其中，所述搬运组件包括：
    第二安装座(20)，所述第二安装座(20)与所述第一安装座(17)滑动配合，以能够相互靠近或远离；
    第二弹性件(21)，所述第二弹性件(21)弹性抵顶于所述第一安装座(17)和所述第二安装座(20)之间。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的装配设备，其中，所述施力单元(19)包括：
    第三驱动器，所述第三驱动器包括第三驱动主体(191)和第三驱动端(192)，所述第三驱动主体(191)与所述第一安装座(17)滑动配合，以靠近或远离所述第一安装座(17)；
    第三弹性件(22)，所述第三弹性件(22)弹性抵顶于所述第三驱动主体(191)和所述第一安装座(17)之间；
    压块(193)，所述压块(193)固设于所述第三驱动端(192)，用于与所述托块(12)相抵触，以对所述托块(12)施加所述第二动力。
PCT/CN2021/134322 2021-04-30 2021-11-30 治具及装配设备 WO2022227557A1 (zh)

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