WO2022134932A1 - 一种高度稳定和具有抗反极性能的高 Pt 含量高性能催化剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种高度稳定和具有抗反极性能的高 Pt 含量高性能催化剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022134932A1 WO2022134932A1 PCT/CN2021/130556 CN2021130556W WO2022134932A1 WO 2022134932 A1 WO2022134932 A1 WO 2022134932A1 CN 2021130556 W CN2021130556 W CN 2021130556W WO 2022134932 A1 WO2022134932 A1 WO 2022134932A1
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- WO
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- Prior art keywords
- catalyst
- carrier
- solution
- content
- titanium
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- UGACIEPFGXRWCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Si].[Ti] Chemical compound [Si].[Ti] UGACIEPFGXRWCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Substances [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 69
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 21
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005121 nitriding Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012694 precious metal precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000967 suction filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229960000583 acetic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000008139 complexing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012362 glacial acetic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- QSJXEFYPDANLFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diacetyl Chemical compound CC(=O)C(C)=O QSJXEFYPDANLFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- -1 titanium-silicon nitride-modified carbon Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910021638 Iridium(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003929 acidic solution Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- YBCAZPLXEGKKFM-UHFFFAOYSA-K ruthenium(iii) chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Ru+3] YBCAZPLXEGKKFM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- DANYXEHCMQHDNX-UHFFFAOYSA-K trichloroiridium Chemical compound Cl[Ir](Cl)Cl DANYXEHCMQHDNX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003273 ketjen black Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012686 silicon precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- LFQCEHFDDXELDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)OC LFQCEHFDDXELDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- KLFRPGNCEJNEKU-FDGPNNRMSA-L (z)-4-oxopent-2-en-2-olate;platinum(2+) Chemical compound [Pt+2].C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O.C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O KLFRPGNCEJNEKU-FDGPNNRMSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K Citrate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- YHWCPXVTRSHPNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-1-olate;titanium(4+) Chemical compound [Ti+4].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-] YHWCPXVTRSHPNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- QGBSISYHAICWAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicyandiamide Chemical compound NC(N)=NC#N QGBSISYHAICWAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethanolamine Chemical compound OCCNCCO ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940071106 ethylenediaminetetraacetate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002048 multi walled nanotube Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001925 ruthenium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N ruthenium(iv) oxide Chemical compound O=[Ru]=O WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid Substances OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)(Cl)Cl XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 2
- VXUYXOFXAQZZMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium(IV) isopropoxide Chemical compound CC(C)O[Ti](OC(C)C)(OC(C)C)OC(C)C VXUYXOFXAQZZMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- CDQSJQSWAWPGKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,1-diol Chemical compound CCCC(O)O CDQSJQSWAWPGKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000527 sonication Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 11
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000000306 component Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 5
- NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium nitride Chemical compound [Ti]#N NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001603 reducing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003980 solgel method Methods 0.000 description 2
- PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+/-)-1,3-Butanediol Chemical compound CC(O)CCO PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003109 Disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000557 Nafion® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DSVGQVZAZSZEEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[Pt] Chemical compound [C].[Pt] DSVGQVZAZSZEEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008358 core component Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- YDHFNPLALGFCFC-UHFFFAOYSA-L dichloroplatinum platinum Chemical compound Cl[Pt](Cl)[Pt] YDHFNPLALGFCFC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- HTXDPTMKBJXEOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxoiridium Chemical compound O=[Ir]=O HTXDPTMKBJXEOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019301 disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- UUYKGYZJARXSGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanol;ethoxy(trihydroxy)silane Chemical compound CCO.CCO[Si](O)(O)O UUYKGYZJARXSGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021397 glassy carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QWPPOHNGKGFGJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hypochlorous acid Chemical compound ClO QWPPOHNGKGFGJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000457 iridium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011943 nanocatalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011049 pearl Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- BIXNGBXQRRXPLM-UHFFFAOYSA-K ruthenium(3+);trichloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.Cl[Ru](Cl)Cl BIXNGBXQRRXPLM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001509 sodium citrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K sodium citrate Chemical compound O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZCUFMDLYAMJYST-UHFFFAOYSA-N thorium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Th]=O ZCUFMDLYAMJYST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002525 ultrasonication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004832 voltammetry Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/9075—Catalytic material supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers
- H01M4/9083—Catalytic material supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers on carbon or graphite
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/9041—Metals or alloys
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/9041—Metals or alloys
- H01M4/905—Metals or alloys specially used in fuel cell operating at high temperature, e.g. SOFC
- H01M4/9058—Metals or alloys specially used in fuel cell operating at high temperature, e.g. SOFC of noble metals or noble-metal based alloys
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
- H01M4/921—Alloys or mixtures with metallic elements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
- H01M4/925—Metals of platinum group supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers
- H01M4/926—Metals of platinum group supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers on carbon or graphite
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the invention belongs to the technical field of new energy fuel cells, and in particular relates to a high-performance carbon-supported platinum-based catalyst with high stability, anti-reverse performance and high Pt loading and a preparation method thereof.
- a fuel cell is an electrochemical power generation device that directly converts the chemical energy of fuel into electrical energy. It has the advantages of fast startup, long life, high efficiency, low noise, and low pollution. It is considered to be the most promising power generation technology in the 21st century. .
- catalysts are a huge bottleneck restricting the development of fuel cells. At present, the best catalysts are still platinum and platinum-based catalysts, but long-term use will cause corrosion of the carbon support, dissolution, agglomeration and sintering of platinum particles, resulting in a significant decrease in activity, improving the stability of the catalyst, and preparing high-durability catalysts. critical.
- Membrane electrodes are one of the core components of fuel cells.
- the stack is the place where the electrochemical reaction takes place and is the core part of the fuel cell power system.
- the fuel cell stack starts up, shuts down or the load changes greatly, it is easy to cause unreasonable gas distribution, and the insufficient hydrogen supply causes the local voltage of the anode to exceed the cathode and the reverse polarity phenomenon occurs.
- the reverse pole will seriously damage the structure of the catalytic layer, make the hydrogen and oxygen in the reaction chamber blend, and even cause an explosion. Therefore, the development of high-performance catalysts with high platinum loading, high stability and durability, and certain anti-reverse properties is of great significance for promoting the development and application of fuel cells.
- Chinese patent application CN111659419A discloses a method for preparing carbon-supported platinum-based alloy catalyst by heat treatment in reducing atmosphere. The platinum content is 28.6-37.5 wt% and the particle size is 4-6 nm; Chinese patent application CN111509244A discloses a platinum-based alloy catalyst.
- the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies and shortcomings of the prior art, and to provide a catalyst with high stability and durability, anti-reverse polarity performance, and high Pt content, and a preparation method thereof.
- the catalyst prepared by the invention has high Pt loading, good stability/durability, and anti-reverse polarity function; the preparation method has the advantages of small particles of active components and uniform dispersion, simple and rapid preparation process, and easy realization of mass production.
- the catalyst uses the conductive carbon black modified by titanium and silicon nitride (oxide) as the carrier to improve the antioxidant capacity of the catalyst carrier, thereby improving the stability and durability of the catalyst; platinum is the main active component of the catalyst, and the content can be as high as 60 wt% and above; by adding a small amount of Ir (0.1-1.0 wt%) to the catalyst to give the catalyst anti-reverse properties.
- the preparation method is an improved microwave sol method.
- the technical scheme proposed by the present invention is:
- a small amount of iridium or ruthenium is added to the catalyst to make the catalyst have the ability to resist reverse polarity.
- the content of active components in the catalyst is as high as 60 wt% or more, and its rapid and efficient preparation is realized by the microwave sol method.
- Pretreatment of carbon black carrier disperse the carbon black carrier in an organic solvent such as acetone and stir to remove oil, wash and dry, heat and stir in a strong oxidizing solution for reflux treatment for 8-12 hours, wash with deionized water, 70 -110 o C drying to obtain pretreated carbon support;
- organic solvent such as acetone
- step (3) after cooling the reaction system completed in step (3) to room temperature, adjusting the pH to acidity with an acidic solution, then ultrasonically breaking the gel, suction filtration, washing and drying to obtain a catalyst sample;
- step (4) The catalyst prepared in step (4) is placed in a tube furnace, and hydrogen, a mixture of hydrogen and nitrogen, nitrogen, etc. are introduced for high-temperature post-treatment to obtain the target catalyst of the present invention.
- the carbon carrier in step (1) is Cabot Black One or more of Pearls 2000, Ketjenblack, Cabot XC-72R, multi-walled carbon nanotubes CNTs, reduced graphene oxide RGO;
- the organic solvent is acetone, tetrahydrofuran, dichloromethane, butanedione one or more of;
- the strong oxidizing solution used is one or more of hydrogen peroxide solution, concentrated sulfuric acid, and nitric acid solution; during processing, the concentration of the carbon carrier is 10-40 g/L range; the heating and refluxing temperature is 60-80°C.
- the loading amount of the titanium and silicon nitride (oxide) compound on the carbon support in step (2) is 1-15 Within the range of wt%, the molar ratio of titanium and silicon is 1:0.1 - 0.1:1.
- the titanium precursors in step (2) include tetrabutyl titanate, titanium tetrachloride, metatitanic acid, and isopropyl titanate;
- the silicon precursors include tetraethyl orthosilicate, tetramethyl phthalate Oxysilane, methyl silicate.
- the method for nitriding treatment in step (2) includes: calcining at 700-1000° C. for 2-3 h in an ammonia gas atmosphere; mixing the carrier with melamine, dicyandiamide and urea, and then in an inert atmosphere
- the nitriding temperature is 700-1000°C
- the time is 2-3 h
- the heating rate of roasting is 1-5°C/min.
- the precious metal precursor in step (3) includes one or more of chloroplatinic acid, tetraammine platinum dichloro, and platinum acetylacetonate; And one or more of ruthenium trichloride, ruthenium oxide, potassium chlororuthenate, iridium trichloride, and hexachloroiridic acid.
- the content of the active component Pt in the catalyst is in the range of 20-60 wt%; the content of Ir or Ru is in the range of 0.1-1.0 wt%.
- the complexing agent in step (3) includes citric acid, citrate, EDTA, ethylenediaminetetraacetate, monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, and triethanolamine, and the molar ratio of the complexing agent to the precious metal precursor is 2:1-4:1;
- the reducing agent includes one or more of polyols such as methanol, ethanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerol, butylene glycol, and the mol ratio of the reducing agent to the precious metal precursor is 300:1-3000:1;
- the solvent is a mixture of water and ethylene glycol, wherein the water content is 0-50%.
- the alkaline solution in step (3) includes potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide solution, and ammonia water, and the final pH range is 8-12.
- the microwave reaction power is 200-500 W
- the reaction temperature is 80-160 °C
- the reaction time is 5-20 min.
- the acidic solution in step (4) includes dilute nitric acid solution, adjust pH to 1-4, ultrasonic for 10-30 min; wash with deionized water for several times until there is no chloride ion in the filtrate.
- step (1) and step (4) adopts vacuum drying, blast drying or freeze drying.
- the post-treatment temperature in step (5) is 100-300 °C, and the time is 1-3 h; the heating temperature rise rate is 1-5 °C/min.
- the invention also provides an application of Pt(Ir/Ru)/Ti x Si y N z @C in a fuel cell catalyst.
- the conductive carbon black modified with titanium and silicon nitride (oxide) is used as the carrier to improve the antioxidant capacity of the catalyst carrier and effectively improve the stability and durability of the catalyst.
- the present invention can synthesize a catalyst with a high degree of dispersion and a high loading of Pt, and the active component content is as high as 60 wt% or more, which is beneficial to the preparation of a high-performance membrane electrode with a thin catalytic layer.
- the present invention adopts the microwave organosol method with controllable power and time, which can effectively control the power and time of microwave heating and microwave reaction, takes less time, and the synthesized particles are uniformly dispersed, which can effectively control the particle size.
- the reaction system used in the present invention is environmentally friendly and low in cost. Polyols and water are used as solvents, and one or more polyols are used as reducing agents.
- the complexing agent used is easy to remove and easy to realize industrialization.
- Example 1 is the XRD pattern of the Pt(Ir)/Ti x Si y N z @C catalyst containing 60% Pt prepared in Example 1.
- FIG. 2 is a voltammetric cycle diagram of the Pt(Ir)/Ti x Si y N z @C catalyst containing 60% Pt prepared in Example 1 and the JM 60% Pt/C catalyst.
- FIG 3 is a graph showing the oxygen reduction performance of the Pt(Ir)/Ti x Si y N z @C catalyst containing 60% Pt prepared in Example 1 and the JM 60% Pt/C catalyst.
- step (3) 405 ⁇ l of 0.386 mol/L chloroplatinic acid solution, 10 ⁇ l 0.142 mol/L hydrated iridium trichloride solution, 100 mg citric acid, and 30 ml ethylene glycol were mixed uniformly by ultrasonic, then 20 mg of the carrier obtained in step (2) was added into it, and ultrasonically mixed uniformly; Add 5 wt% KOH solution, adjust the pH to greater than 10, and sonicate for 20 min;
- step (3) The solution obtained in step (3) was placed in a microwave reactor, 300 W, and reacted at 120 ° C for 10 min;
- step (3) The solution obtained in step (3) was placed in a microwave reactor, 300 W, and reacted at 140 °C for 5 min; after the reaction system was cooled to room temperature, 10 wt% HNO 3 solution was added dropwise to adjust the pH to 4, Ultrasonic for 15 min, suction filtration, washing, vacuum drying, calcination at 100 °C for 3 h in nitrogen atmosphere, and cooling to room temperature to prepare Pt(Ru)/ Six N y @C catalyst containing 60% Pt .
- step (3) After ultrasonically mixing 415 ⁇ l of 0.386 mol/L platinum acetylacetonate solution, 25 ⁇ l of 0.241 mol/L ruthenium trichloride solution, 130 mg EDTA, 21 ml ethylene glycol, and 9 ml deionized water, take the solution. 20 mg of the carrier obtained in step (2) was added, and ultrasonically mixed uniformly; under stirring conditions, 5 wt% KOH solution was added dropwise, the pH was adjusted to greater than 10, and ultrasonication was performed for 20 min;
- step (3) The solution obtained in step (3) was placed in a microwave reactor, 300 W, and reacted at 100 °C for 20 min; after the reaction system was cooled to room temperature, 10 wt% HNO 3 solution was added dropwise to adjust the pH to 4, Ultrasonic for 15 min, suction filtration, washing, and vacuum drying; then calcined at 150 °C for 2 h in a hydrogen and nitrogen atmosphere, and cooled to room temperature to obtain Pt(Ru)/Ti x N y @ containing 60% Pt. CNTs catalyst.
- step (2) 270 ⁇ l of 0.386 mol/L chloroplatinic acid solution, 30 ⁇ l 0.142 mol/L of ruthenium trichloride hydrate solution, 100 mg of disodium EDTA, 27 ml of ethylene glycol, and 3 ml of deionized water were mixed uniformly by ultrasonic, and 30 mg of the carrier obtained in step (2) was added into it. , ultrasonically mixed uniformly; under stirring conditions, add 5 wt% KOH solution dropwise, adjust the pH to greater than 10, and ultrasonicate for 20 min;
- step (3) The solution obtained in step (3) was placed in a microwave reactor, 300 W, and reacted at 160 °C for 10 min; after the reaction system was cooled to room temperature, 10 wt% HNO 3 solution was added dropwise to adjust the pH to 4, Ultrasonic for 15 min, suction filtration, washing, and vacuum drying; then calcined at 100 °C for 2 h in a hydrogen atmosphere, and cooled to room temperature to obtain Pt(Ru)/Ti x Si y N z @ containing 40% Pt C catalyst.
- step (2) 134 ⁇ l of 0.386 mol/L dichlorotetraammine platinum solution, 10 ⁇ l 0.142 mol/L hydrated iridium trichloride solution, 30 mg citric acid, and 30 ml ethylene glycol were mixed uniformly by ultrasonic, then 40 mg of the carrier obtained in step (2) was added into it, and ultrasonically mixed uniformly; Add 5 wt% KOH solution, adjust pH to 10, and sonicate for 20 min;
- step (3) The solution obtained in step (3) was placed in a microwave reactor, 300 W, and reacted at 140 ° C for 10 min;
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Abstract
Description
Claims (10)
- 一种高度稳定和具有抗反极性能的高Pt含量高性能催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,使用经过钛硅氮化物处理的碳黑作为催化剂载体,提升了催化剂的稳定性及耐久性,通过在活性组分中添加铱使得催化剂具备抗反极的能力,活性组分在催化剂中的含量为60 wt%以上,通过微波溶胶法实现了其快速高效的制备;具体制备过程包括以下步骤:(1)碳黑载体的预处理,将碳黑载体分散在有机溶剂中搅拌去油,洗涤干燥后,在强氧化性溶液中加热搅拌回流处理8-12小时,去离子水洗涤、70-110 oC干燥, 得到预处理的碳载体;(2)取钛前驱体、硅前驱体溶解在含有少量冰乙酸的乙醇溶液中,然后加入经过预处理的碳黑载体浸渍,70 oC水浴蒸干溶剂,然后70-110 oC条件下干燥,得到氧化硅及氧化钛二元氧化物包覆修饰的碳黑载体,将其置于管式炉中,氮化处理,将氧化物转化成为氮化物,冷却到室温,即得到钛硅氮化物修饰的碳黑载体;(3)称取贵金属前驱体、络合剂、还原剂、溶剂均匀混合,得到含有前驱体的混合均匀的溶液,然后加入步骤(2)得到的钛硅氮化物修饰的碳黑载体,搅拌得到均匀的分散体系;用碱性溶液调节其pH值为碱性后,置于微波反应器中,进行微波有机溶胶还原反应;(4)使步骤(3)完成的反应体系冷却至室温后,用酸性溶液调节pH至酸性,然后超声破胶、抽滤、洗涤、干燥,得到催化剂样品;(5)步骤(4)制得的催化剂,置于管式炉中,通入氢气、氢气与氮气的混合气或氮气进行高温后处理,即得Pt(Ir/Ru)/Ti xSi yN z@C催化剂。
- 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)所述碳载体为卡博特Black Pearls 2000、科琴碳Ketjenblack、卡博特XC-72R、多壁碳纳米管CNTs、还原氧化石墨烯RGO中的一种以上;所述有机溶剂为丙酮、四氢呋喃、二氯甲烷、丁二酮中的一种以上;所用强氧化性溶液为过氧化氢溶液、浓硫酸、硝酸溶液中的一种或以上;处理时,碳载体的浓度在10-40 g/L范围内;所述加热回流温度为60-80℃。
- 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)中,钛、硅氮化物或硅氧化物在碳载体上的负载量在1-15 wt%,钛、硅的摩尔比为1:0.1 - 0.1:1;所述钛前驱体包括钛酸四丁酯、四氯化钛、偏钛酸或钛酸异丙酯;所述硅前驱体包括正硅酸乙酯、四甲氧基硅烷或硅酸甲酯;所述氮化处理的方法包括:在氨气气氛下700-1000℃焙烧2-3 h;将载体与三聚氰胺、双氰胺、尿素混合在一起,然后在惰性气氛下焙烧氮化,氮化温度为700-1000℃,时间为2-3 h;焙烧升温速率为1-5℃/min。
- 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:步骤(3)中,所述贵金属前驱体包括含铂化合物和含钌化合物;所述含铂化合物包括氯铂酸、二氯四氨合铂、乙酰丙酮铂中的一种以上; 所述含钌化合物包括三氯化钌、氧化钌、氯钌酸钾、三氯化铱、六氯铱酸中的一种以上;贵金属前驱体的添加量满足:催化剂中的活性组分Pt的含量范围为20-60 wt%;Ir或者Ru的含量在0.1-1.0 wt%。
- 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:步骤(3)中,所述络合剂包括柠檬酸、柠檬酸盐、EDTA、 乙二胺四乙酸盐、单乙醇胺、二乙醇胺或三乙醇胺;所述络合剂与贵金属前驱体的摩尔比为2:1-4:1;所述还原剂包括甲醇、乙醇、乙二醇、丙二醇、丙三醇、丁二醇等多元醇中的一种以上,所述还原剂与贵金属前驱体的摩尔比为300:1-3000:1;所述溶剂为水与乙二醇的混合物,其中水含量为0-50%。
- 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:步骤(3)所述碱性溶液包括氢氧化钾、氢氧化钠溶液或氨水,最终pH的范围为8-12;所述微波有机溶胶还原中,微波反应功率为200-500 W,反应温度为80-160℃,反应时间为5-20 min。
- 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:步骤(4)中,所述酸性溶液包括稀硝酸溶液,调节pH至1-4,超声10-30 min;用去离子水洗涤多次,至滤液中无氯离子为止。
- 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)和步骤(4)所述的干燥处理采用真空干燥、鼓风干燥或冷冻干燥。
- 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:步骤(5)所述后处理温度为100-300℃,时间为1-3 h;焙烧升温速率为1-5℃/min。
- 由权利要求1~9任一项所述制备方法制备得到一种高度稳定和具有抗反极性能的高Pt含量高性能催化剂。
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